Colorful photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile

Abstract

The invention provides a colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile. The colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile sequentially comprises a first transparent glass layer, a first adhesive film layer, a colored glass layer, a second adhesive film layer, a battery piece layer, a third adhesive film layer and a second transparent glass layer from top to bottom, the thickness of the first transparent glass layer and the thickness of the second transparent glass layer are both 8 mm. According to the photovoltaic floor tile, through the multi-layer structural design and the application of the full-color micro-pattern layer technology, the light transmittance and the structural strength of the photovoltaic floor tile are both considered; customized patterns can be displayed in the daytime, self-illumination can be achieved through the energy storage system at night, and decorativeness and interactivity are improved in combination with the gravity sensing function. The durability and the waterproof performance of the product are enhanced by adopting multiple layers of adhesive films and toughened glass; in the daytime, power generation and energy storage achieve self-sufficiency of energy, the energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements are met, meanwhile, the damage risk is reduced through the reasonable structural design, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic floor tile technology, specifically a colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of green energy and smart city construction, photovoltaic paving bricks, with their advantages of "generating and utilizing power on-site," are widely used in public spaces such as city squares, scenic boardwalks, park trails, and commercial complex corridors. They can not only replace traditional paving bricks for ground paving, but also convert solar energy into electricity for nighttime lighting, thus serving multiple purposes such as energy conservation, environmental beautification, and functional expansion.

[0003] The typical structure of existing photovoltaic floor tiles consists of core layers such as tempered glass, crystalline silicon wafers, EVA adhesive layer, and ultra-clear float glass, with external auxiliary components such as light strips, protective shells, and rubber pads. Photovoltaic conversion occurs when sunlight shines on the crystalline silicon wafers, and the light strips provide basic nighttime illumination. However, this type of product suffers from several intractable problems in practical applications: First, it is difficult to balance light transmittance and strength. Because they need to withstand the pressure of pedestrians and vehicles, existing products generally use thick tempered glass. However, increased glass thickness significantly obstructs light penetration, resulting in insufficient light received by the crystalline silicon wafers and directly reducing photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Second, durability and waterproofing are insufficient. The edges of the tiles are often simply sealed with adhesive without a dedicated protective structure. Over time, vibrations from pedestrians can cause the sealant to crack, allowing rainwater and dew to seep in from the edges, corroding the crystalline silicon wafers, wiring terminals, and other critical components. First, the components can cause short circuits or performance degradation. Second, the functions are limited and lack adaptability to different scenarios. Existing products mostly have a single transparent or solid color design, making it impossible to customize patterns, logos, or other decorative elements according to the application scenario. They can only provide passive lighting and lack user interaction feedback mechanisms, making it difficult to meet the personalized needs of scenarios such as commercial displays and scenic spot tours. Third, the maintenance is difficult and costly. The various layers and components of existing products are mostly integrally bonded and integrated. Once an internal component is damaged, it cannot be disassembled and replaced individually and must be scrapped as a whole. This not only increases material costs but also causes additional losses due to the unusable ground during the replacement period. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a colored photovoltaic self-illuminating floor tile, which solves the problems of existing technologies such as difficulty in balancing light transmittance and strength, insufficient durability and waterproofing, limited functionality and lack of scene adaptability, and high maintenance difficulty and cost.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a colored photovoltaic self-illuminating floor tile, comprising, from top to bottom: a first transparent glass layer, a first adhesive film layer, a colored glass layer, a second adhesive film layer, a battery cell layer, a third adhesive film layer, and a second transparent glass layer; the colored glass layer employs full-color micro-coating technology; it also includes a built-in energy storage system, a gravity sensing device, a light-emitting component, and a control module; the energy storage system is electrically connected to the battery cell layer, the gravity sensing device is electrically connected to the control module, and the light-emitting component is electrically connected to both the control module and the energy storage system.

[0006] Preferably, both the first and second transparent glass layers are ultra-clear tempered glass with a light transmittance ≥92% and a bending strength ≥150MPa.

[0007] Preferably, the first, second, and third adhesive film layers are all EVA or POE films with a thickness of 0.4-0.6 mm and a light transmittance of ≥90%.

[0008] Preferably, the full-color micro-layer of the colored glass layer is made by mixing inorganic pigments with nano-level binders, with a thickness of 5-10 μm, a light transmittance of ≥85%, and a Mohs hardness of ≥6.

[0009] Preferably, the solar cell layer is composed of monocrystalline silicon solar cells or polycrystalline silicon solar cells connected in series and parallel, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of ≥23%.

[0010] Preferably, the gravity sensing device is a piezoelectric sensor or a capacitive sensor, and the trigger pressure threshold is 5-10N.

[0011] Preferably, the energy storage system is a lithium battery pack or a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a capacity of 5000-10000mAh and a charge-discharge cycle count of ≥2000 times.

[0012] Preferably, the light-emitting component is composed of surface-mount LED beads with a color temperature of 3000K-6000K and a power of 0.3-0.5W / bead.

[0013] Preferably, the edges of the floor tile are filled with silicone sealant, and the outer edges are edged with aluminum alloy; the width of the silicone sealant is 5-8mm, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy edge is 0.8-1.2mm.

[0014] Preferably, the control module (11) integrates a charge and discharge management unit, a sensing signal processing unit and a light-emitting driving unit, and can control the light-emitting component (10) to switch between constant light, flashing or gradual light modes.

[0015] (III) Beneficial Effects This invention provides a colored photovoltaic self-illuminating floor tile. It has the following beneficial effects: This invention balances the light transmittance and structural strength of photovoltaic floor tiles through multi-layer structural design and the application of full-color micro-layer technology. Customized patterns can be displayed during the day, and the energy storage system can emit light at night. The addition of gravity sensing function enhances the decorative and interactive features. The use of multi-layer adhesive film and tempered glass enhances the product's durability and waterproof performance. Daytime power generation and energy storage achieve energy self-sufficiency, meeting the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. At the same time, the reasonable structural design reduces the risk of damage and lowers maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile proposed in this invention; Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the colored glass layer of a colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile proposed in this invention.

[0017] The components include: 1. First transparent glass layer; 2. First adhesive film layer; 3. Colored glass layer; 4. Second adhesive film layer; 5. Battery cell layer; 6. Third adhesive film layer; 7. Second transparent glass layer; 8. Energy storage system; 9. Gravity sensing device; 10. Light-emitting component; and 11. Control module. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example: like Figs. 1-2As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a colored photovoltaic self-illuminating floor tile, which, from top to bottom, includes: a first transparent glass layer 1, a first adhesive film layer 2, a colored glass layer 3, a second adhesive film layer 4, a battery cell layer 5, a third adhesive film layer 6, and a second transparent glass layer 7; the thickness of the first transparent glass layer 1 and the second transparent glass layer 7 is 8mm; the thickness of the colored glass layer 3 is 5mm, and the colored glass layer 3 adopts full-color micro-coating technology; it also includes a built-in energy storage system 8, a gravity sensing device 9, a light-emitting component 10, and a control module 11; the energy storage system 8 is electrically connected to the battery cell layer 5, the gravity sensing device 9 is electrically connected to the control module 11, and the light-emitting component 10 is electrically connected to the control module 11. Module 11 and energy storage system 8 are electrically connected. Full-color micro-layer technology is a surface treatment technology that can be adapted to photovoltaic floor tile application scenarios. Its core feature is that it can form a micro-scale layer structure on the surface of colored glass. This structure can not only carry customized pattern information to meet decorative needs, but also break through the limitation of traditional colored glass that "it is difficult to balance light transmittance and pattern display"—while achieving clear pattern display, it maintains high light transmittance to ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules. At the same time, it has high robustness to resist outdoor environmental erosion and physical trampling, and can avoid the adverse effects of hot spot effect on photovoltaic system. It is a key technology to achieve the "combination of functionality and decoration" of photovoltaic floor tiles.

[0020] Both the first transparent glass layer 1 and the second transparent glass layer 7 are ultra-clear tempered glass with a light transmittance ≥92% and a bending strength ≥150MPa. The first transparent glass layer 1 is made of 8mm thick ultra-clear tempered glass, which is prepared using a physical tempering process. Its light transmittance is 92%, its bending strength reaches 160MPa, and its impact strength is ≥50kJ / m. 2 The glass surface is treated with nano-level anti-fouling treatment (contact angle ≥105°) to reduce dust adhesion; the glass edges are finely ground and chamfered (chamfer radius 2mm) to prevent edge cracking during installation; the second transparent glass layer 7 is exactly the same as the first transparent glass layer 1, which is 8mm thick ultra-white tempered glass, and its lower surface is printed with black insulating ink (10mm wide) to cover edge wires and functional components, improving the appearance of cleanliness; The first adhesive layer 2, the second adhesive layer 4, and the third adhesive layer 6 are all EVA or POE films with a thickness of 0.4-0.6 mm and a light transmittance ≥90%. The first adhesive layer 2 uses a 0.5 mm thick POE film (model: POE-800) with a melt flow index of 2.5 g / 10 min (190℃ / 2.16 kg), a light transmittance of 91%, and a volume resistivity ≥1×10⁻⁶. 16 Ω・cm, possessing excellent resistance to damp heat (bonding strength retention rate ≥80% after aging for 1000h at 85℃ / 85%RH), and is tightly bonded to the first transparent glass layer 1 and the colored glass layer 3 through a hot pressing process; The second adhesive layer 4 has the same specifications as the first adhesive layer 2, and uses a 0.5mm thick POE adhesive film (POE-800) to bond the colored glass layer 3 and the battery cell layer 5, ensuring that there are no air bubbles or gaps between the layers; The third adhesive layer 6 uses a 0.5mm thick POE adhesive film (POE-800), which has the same function as the first and second adhesive layers, to achieve the sealing and bonding of the battery cell layer 5 and the second transparent glass layer 7.

[0021] The full-color micro-layer of the colored glass layer 3 is made of inorganic pigments and nano-level binders, with a thickness of 5-10μm, a light transmittance of ≥85%, and a Mohs hardness of ≥6. The substrate of the colored glass layer 3 is 5mm thick ultra-white float glass (light transmittance of 93%). The full-color micro-layer is prepared on its upper surface using a magnetron sputtering process: titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used as the base, and inorganic colored pigments (red is iron oxide, blue is cobalt blue, and yellow is chrome yellow) and nano-level silane coupling agent (KH550) are mixed in as binders to form a micro-layer with a thickness of 8μm. The micro-layer pattern is designed as a scenic spot guide sign (size: 300mm×300mm). After ultraviolet aging test (1000h of 340nm ultraviolet light irradiation), there is no fading or peeling, and the light transmittance remains at 86%, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5, which can withstand daily foot wear. The cell layer 5 is composed of monocrystalline silicon cells or polycrystalline silicon cells connected in series and parallel, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of ≥23%. The cell layer 5 is composed of 6 monocrystalline silicon cells (model: M10, conversion efficiency 23.5%) of 156mm×156mm, connected in series and parallel (3 series and 2 parallel), with an output voltage of 24V and an output current of 5A. The connecting wires between the cells are tin-plated copper wires (diameter 0.8mm) wrapped with a fluoroplastic insulation layer (temperature resistance rating 150℃). An EVA backing film (thickness 0.2mm) is pasted on the back of the cells to enhance the adhesion with the third adhesive film layer (6).

[0022] The gravity sensing device 9 is a piezoelectric sensor or a capacitive sensor with a trigger pressure threshold of 5-10N. The gravity sensing device 9 uses a piezoelectric sensor (model: PT124G-111) with a sensitivity of 0.5mV / N and a trigger pressure threshold set to 8N. The sensor is encapsulated in an epoxy resin shell (size: 10mm×8mm×5mm) and embedded in the upper left corner edge (15mm from the edge) between the first transparent glass layer 1 and the first adhesive film layer 2. It is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module 11 through two shielded wires (0.3mm in diameter). The energy storage system 8 is a lithium battery pack or a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a capacity of 5000-10000mAh and a charge-discharge cycle life of ≥2000 times. The energy storage system 8 uses a 6000mAh lithium iron phosphate battery pack (specification: 3.2V / 6Ah), which is composed of three 2000mAh lithium iron phosphate single cells connected in series. It is equipped with a protection board (supporting overcharge, over-discharge, and overcurrent protection, protection voltage: 3.65V for overcharge and 2.5V for over-discharge). The battery pack is encapsulated in an ABS plastic shell (size: 50mm×30mm×10mm) and fixed in the reserved cavity between the battery cell layer 5 and the second transparent glass layer 7 (positioned off the center of the floor tile to avoid concentrated pressure from stepping). It is connected to the positive output terminal of the battery cell layer 5 and the control module 11 through wires, and the charge-discharge cycle life is ≥2000 times.

[0023] The light-emitting component 10 is composed of surface-mount LED beads with a color temperature of 3000K-6000K and a power of 0.3-0.5W / bead. The light-emitting component 10 consists of 12 surface-mount LED beads (model: SMD3528), which are evenly distributed in 4 groups on the periphery between the colored glass layer 3 and the second adhesive film layer 4 (3 beads on each side). The LED beads have a color temperature of 4000K (neutral light), a power of 0.5W / bead, a luminous flux of 15lm / bead, and a beam angle of 120°. The beads are connected by an FR4 flexible circuit board with a thickness of 0.2mm and a width of 3mm. The circuit board is connected to the drive output terminal of the control module 11 through wires.

[0024] The edges of the floor tiles are filled with silicone sealant, and the outer edges are edged with aluminum alloy. The width of the silicone sealant is 5-8mm, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy edge is 0.8-1.2mm. The control module 11 integrates a charge / discharge management unit, a sensing signal processing unit, and a light-emitting drive unit, which can control the light-emitting component 10 to switch between constant light, flashing, or gradual light modes. The core chip of the control module 11 uses an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller (32-bit ARM core, 72MHz clock speed) and integrates the following units: Charge and discharge management unit: Employs an MPPT controller (maximum tracking efficiency ≥99%) to control the charging of battery cell layer 5 to energy storage system 8; Sensing signal processing unit: receives the piezoelectric signal from gravity sensor 9, performs AD conversion, and determines whether it is triggered; Light-emitting driving unit: Uses TPIC6B595 driver chip to control the switching on and off of LED beads and mode switching; Light sensing unit: Integrated photoresistor (model: GL5528), which automatically activates the night light mode when the ambient light intensity is ≤50 lux; The control module 11 is encapsulated in a waterproof plastic box (size: 30mm×20mm×8mm), fixed to the side of the energy storage system 8, and electrically connected to the battery cell layer 5, the energy storage system 8, the gravity sensor 9 and the light-emitting component 10 through wires.

[0025] Working principle: During the day, sunlight first penetrates the top layer of the floor tiles, the first transparent glass layer 1. This 8mm thick ultra-white tempered glass layer provides high light transmittance while ensuring structural strength. The light then passes through the first film layer 2, which has good optical transparency, and shines on the colored glass layer 3. This 5mm thick glass surface achieves clear display of customized patterns through full-color micro-coating technology, and the high light transmittance of the full-color micro-coating ensures that the light can continue to penetrate. The light then passes through the second film layer 4 to reach the battery cell layer 5. The battery cell layer 5, composed of high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon wafers, converts light energy into electrical energy. Part of the electrical energy directly provides standby power for the control module 11, and the remaining electrical energy is transmitted through wires to the energy storage system 8, which is located between the battery cell layer 5 and the second transparent glass layer 7, for storage. At night, when the ambient light meets the conditions for luminescence, the charge and discharge management unit of the control module 11 is activated, and the energy storage system 8 begins to supply power to the light-emitting components 10, which are evenly distributed in the edge area between the colored glass layer 3 and the second adhesive film layer 4. The light emitted by the light-emitting components 10 is transmitted through the colored glass layer 3, so that the customized pattern is presented synchronously with the light emission. When a pedestrian steps on the paving tile, the gravity sensing device 9 embedded between the first transparent glass layer 1 and the first adhesive film layer 2 is triggered. The signal generated is transmitted to the sensing signal processing unit of the control module 11. The control module 11 then adjusts the light emission mode of the light-emitting components 10 to flash or gradually change through the light emission driving unit. At the same time, the silicone sealant 13 filling the edges of the paving tile and the aluminum alloy edging 12 set on the outside form a double protection to prevent moisture from seeping in. The third adhesive film layer 6 and the second transparent glass layer 7 further enhance the overall structural stability. Together with the heat sealing of each adhesive film, they protect the internal components to work normally and realize a complete functional closed loop of power generation, energy storage, decoration, light emission and interaction.

[0026] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile, characterized in that, From top to bottom, it includes: a first transparent glass layer (1), a first adhesive film layer (2), a colored glass layer (3), a second adhesive film layer (4), a battery cell layer (5), a third adhesive film layer (6), and a second transparent glass layer (7). The colored glass layer (3) adopts full-color micro-layer technology for pattern customization; it also includes a built-in energy storage system (8), gravity sensing device (9), light-emitting component (10) and control module (11); the energy storage system (8) is electrically connected to the battery cell layer (5), the gravity sensing device (9) is electrically connected to the control module (11), and the light-emitting component (10) is electrically connected to the control module (11) and the energy storage system (8) respectively.

2. The colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first transparent glass layer (1) and the second transparent glass layer (7) are both ultra-white tempered glass with a light transmittance of ≥92% and a bending strength of ≥150MPa.

3. The colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first adhesive film layer (2), the second adhesive film layer (4) and the third adhesive film layer (6) are all EVA adhesive film or POE adhesive film with a thickness of 0.4-0.6mm and a light transmittance of ≥90%.

4. The colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The full-color micro-layer of the colored glass layer (3) is made of inorganic pigments and nano-level binders, with a thickness of 5-10μm, a light transmittance of ≥85%, and a Mohs hardness of ≥6.

5. A colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery cell layer (5) is composed of monocrystalline silicon battery cells or polycrystalline silicon battery cells connected in series and parallel, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of ≥23%.

6. A colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gravity sensing device (9) is a piezoelectric sensor or a capacitive sensor, with a trigger pressure threshold of 5-10N.

7. A colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage system (8) is a lithium battery pack or a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a capacity of 5000-10000mAh and a charge-discharge cycle count of ≥2000 times.

8. A colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-emitting component (10) is composed of surface-mount LED beads with a color temperature of 3000K-6000K and a power of 0.3-0.5W / bead.

9. A colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edges of the floor tiles are filled with silicone sealant, and the outer edges are edged with aluminum alloy. The width of the silicone sealant is 5-8mm, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy edge is 0.8-1.2mm.

10. A colored photovoltaic self-luminous floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module (11) integrates a charge and discharge management unit, a sensing signal processing unit and a light-emitting driving unit, and can control the light-emitting component (10) to switch between constant light, flashing or gradual light modes.

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