Large component open caisson construction method for sewage treatment

Abstract

The large component open caisson construction method for sewage treatment comprises the following steps that S1, foundation pit pretreatment is conducted, specifically, an open caisson construction foundation pit is excavated, and a cushion layer is laid at the pit bottom; s2, a formwork is built at the preset position in the foundation pit to pour components, and a prefabricated shaft is formed and maintained to the design strength; s3, auxiliary sinking assemblies are evenly distributed between the periphery of the shaft and the wall of the foundation pit, and each auxiliary sinking assembly comprises a base, a buffering cylinder, a water tank and a water pump; the buffer cylinder, the water tank and the water pump are installed at the top end of the base, the bottom of the buffer cylinder is communicated with an electric control valve, the other end of the electric control valve is connected with the water tank, the water tank is filled with fluid media, and the input end of the water pump is connected with the water tank while the output end is connected with the buffer cylinder; the sinking speed is adjusted through the auxiliary sinking assembly, inclination is monitored in real time and deviation is rapidly corrected through the pull rope and the touch switch, the supporting assembly is attached to the outer wall of the open caisson in a self-adaptive mode and is conveniently reset, and safety, stability and high efficiency of large open caisson construction are comprehensively guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of open caisson construction, and particularly relates to a large component open caisson construction method for sewage treatment. BACKGROUND

[0002] In a sewage treatment project, as a core structure, the construction quality and efficiency of a large open caisson directly affect the overall progress of the project. The current mainstream open caisson construction method is divided into two types: drainage sinking and non-drainage sinking. Although the method has been widely used, there are still key technical bottlenecks for large and overweight open caissons, which are difficult to meet the construction requirements of high precision and high safety. The sinking speed of the existing open caisson mainly depends on manual adjustment. When sinking by drainage, the speed is controlled by controlling the amount of excavated soil and adjusting the displacement of the drainage pump. When sinking by non-drainage, the speed is controlled by adjusting the frequency of soil removal and the suction force of the suction dredger. This method has obvious hysteresis. The interval between manual observation and operation adjustment is long. When encountering heterogeneous soil layers, the phenomenon of "sudden sinking" or "slow sinking" may occur. Too fast sinking may cause the soil around the blade to be hollowed out, causing the shaft to tilt and the blade to crack. The existing inclination monitoring mainly adopts the mode of "periodic observation + manual judgment". The construction personnel measures the open caisson elevation and perpendicularity by instruments at regular intervals. After the inclination is found, the deviation needs to be corrected by supplementing excavation, adjusting weight or lateral jacking. This mode has the problem of non-real-time monitoring. It is difficult to capture the micro-inclination of the open caisson in time. When the inclination is found, the inclination has been accumulated. The correction needs to pause the operation, which takes a long time and may cause cracks in the shaft wall. Moreover, it is too dependent on the experience of personnel. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a large component open caisson construction method for sewage treatment to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a large component open caisson construction method for sewage treatment, comprising the following steps: S1, foundation pit pretreatment: excavating the open caisson construction foundation pit and laying a cushion on the pit bottom; S2, pouring the component at the preset position in the foundation pit to form a prefabricated shaft, and curing to the design strength; S3, evenly distributing auxiliary sinking assemblies between the outer periphery of the shaft and the foundation pit wall, each auxiliary sinking assembly comprising a base, a buffer cylinder, a water tank and a water pump; the buffer cylinder, the water tank and the water pump are all installed on the top end of the base, and the bottom of the buffer cylinder is provided with an electric control valve in communication, the other end of the electric control valve is connected with the water tank, the water tank is filled with a fluid medium, the input end of the water pump is connected with the water tank, and the output end is connected with the buffer cylinder; a sealing block is slidably arranged in the buffer cylinder, the top end of the sealing block is connected with a support column, and the top end of the support column is provided with an adjustable support assembly which dynamically abuts against the outer wall of the shaft; S4, after removing the bottom pad, excavate and sink, and control the sinking speed by adjusting the opening of the electric valve, and pause the work every certain distance, monitor the inclination and correct the deviation; S5, after the sinking well is in place, clean the base, and pour the underwater concrete bottom sealing layer.

[0005] Further, the support assembly comprises a support seat and an arc-shaped pressing block, the top end of the buffer cylinder is provided with a guide rod upward at each corner, a corresponding sliding hole is formed in the support seat, and the support seat slides up and down along the guide rod; the middle part of the arc-shaped pressing block is hingedly assembled to one end of the support seat close to the shaft, the other side of the support seat is hingedly provided with a telescopic cylinder, and the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder is hingedly connected to the top end of the arc-shaped pressing block, so that the arc-shaped pressing block is driven to rotate around the middle hinge point by the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder, and the pressing between the arc-shaped pressing block and the outer peripheral wall of the sinking well is realized.

[0006] Further, the lower surface of the arc-shaped pressing block is provided with anti-skid lines, a through opening is formed in the middle part of the lower end of the arc-shaped pressing block, a resisting block is hingedly connected in the through opening, a torsion spring is connected between the resisting block and the side wall of the through opening, a groove is formed in the outer end face close to the resisting block, and a plurality of rubber pieces are equidistantly distributed in the groove.

[0007] Further, mounting holes are formed in the left and right ends of the support seat, a rotating rod is arranged outside the mounting holes on the left and right sides, a wire reel is rotatably arranged in the mounting hole on one side, a pull rope is wound on the wire reel, a hand wheel connected with the wire reel is arranged at the top end of the support seat, a fixing column is arranged in the mounting hole on the other side, a bayonet is formed in the fixing column, and a corresponding clamping block is arranged at the end of the pull rope; a touch switch is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the mounting holes on the left and right sides, and the touch switch is electrically connected with an alarm; the pull rope is horizontally straightened and extended to be clamped with the fixing column on the adjacent side.

[0008] Further, a speed measuring sensor is mounted on the support seat, and the speed measuring sensor is electrically connected with the electric control valve through a processor; the actual sinking speed is calculated and fed back to the processor by collecting the displacement change data of the sinking well in real time; the processor compares the actual sinking speed with the preset target sinking speed range: if the actual sinking speed is greater than the upper limit of the target range, the opening of the electric control valve is reduced; and if the actual sinking speed is less than the lower limit of the target range, the opening of the electric control valve is increased.

[0009] Further, a plurality of speed reduction mechanisms are distributed between the outer periphery of the shaft and the foundation pit wall, the speed reduction mechanism comprises an adjusting seat and a rubber friction wheel, a lead screw and a sliding rail are arranged on the adjusting seat, a sliding seat is arranged on the sliding rail, and the sliding seat is threadedly connected with the lead screw, the lead screw is driven to rotate by a first motor, and the rubber friction wheel is assembled on the sliding seat and driven to rotate by a second motor.

[0010] Further, a reset spring is connected between the lower end of the sealing block and the bottom end of the buffer cylinder, and a control valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the water pump and the buffer cylinder.

[0011] Further, a pressure sensor array is embedded in the arc-shaped pressing block of the support assembly, and the telescopic cylinder is a servo electric cylinder; the processor adjusts the telescopic cylinder in real time according to the pressure distribution data of each arc-shaped pressing block, so that the contact pressure of the arc-shaped pressing block and the wellbore wall is homogenized.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: 1. The present application has simple structure and reasonable design, and through the cooperation of the support assembly and the buffer cylinder, the fluid medium in the buffer cylinder and the electric control valve work cooperatively, and the processor compares the actual speed with the preset range: when the sinking is too fast, the electric control valve reduces the opening, a "water cushion resistance" is formed in the buffer cylinder, and the resistance is transmitted to the wellbore through the support structure to form a brake, so as to avoid the risk of tilting caused by out-of-control speed; when the sinking is too slow, the electric control valve increases the opening to weaken the resistance, and cooperates with the self-weight of the wellbore and the effect of earth excavation to naturally accelerate; at the same time, the rubber friction wheel of the speed reduction mechanism can further assist, so that the speed is stably kept in the safe range, and the pain point of "speed control difficulty" of the traditional open caisson is solved, and the structural deformation or delay of the construction period caused by abnormal speed is reduced.

[0013] 2. The present application constructs a real-time tilting monitoring system through the cooperative design of the horizontally tensioned pull rope between the support seats, the touch switch and the alarm. When sinking normally, the pull rope remains in a horizontally tensioned state; if the wellbore tilts due to uneven soil, the sinking speed difference between the two sides of the support seat will cause the pull rope to tilt, the touch switches at the upper and lower ends are touched and the audible and light alarm is triggered, so that the operator can pause the operation and correct the deviation in time. After correction, the operation can be quickly restored by adjusting the pull rope through the hand wheel, without complex debugging, effectively avoiding safety accidents such as wellbore cracking and collapse caused by tilting expansion, and greatly improving the safety redundancy of open caisson construction.

[0014] 3. The structural design of the support assembly fully considers the adaptability and protection to the outer wall of the wellbore: the anti-skid pattern of the arc-shaped pressing block, the torsional spring self-adaptive structure (which can fit the small concave-convex of the wellbore), the friction enhancement and buffering effect of the rubber sheet, the triple design ensures that the support assembly closely fits the outer wall of the wellbore and synchronously moves downward, avoiding the relative sliding to affect the speed control accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present application; Figure 2 It is a top view of the present application; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary sinking assembly of the present application; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the stop block of the present application; Figure 5 This is a front view of the pull rope of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a side view of the support component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the deceleration mechanism of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram, the components are: base-1, buffer cylinder-2, water tank-3, water pump-4, electric control valve-5, sealing block-6, support column-7, support assembly-8, support seat-9, arc-shaped pressure block-10, guide rod-11, telescopic cylinder-12, stop block-13, groove-14, rubber sheet-15, mounting port-16, rotating rod-17, reel-18, pull rope-19, handwheel-20, fixed column-21, bayonet-22, locking block-23, touch switch-24, deceleration mechanism-25, adjusting seat-26, rubber friction wheel-27, lead screw-28, slide rail-29, slide seat-30, return spring-31, well shaft-32, and auxiliary sinking assembly-33. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] like Figures 1-7 As shown, a construction method for a large component caisson for sewage treatment includes the following steps: S1. Foundation pit pretreatment: Excavate the foundation pit for caisson construction and lay a cushion layer at the bottom of the pit; S2. Build formwork and pour components at the preset location in the foundation pit to form a precast well cylinder 32, and cure it to the design strength; S3. Auxiliary sinking components 33 are evenly distributed between the outer periphery of the well shaft 32 and the foundation pit wall. Each set of auxiliary sinking components 33 includes a base 1, a buffer cylinder 2, a water tank 3, and a water pump 4. The buffer cylinder 2, the water tank 3, and the water pump 4 are all installed on the top of the base 1. An electric control valve 5 is connected to the bottom of the buffer cylinder 2. The other end of the electric control valve 5 is connected to the water tank 3. The water tank 3 is filled with fluid medium. The input end of the water pump 4 is connected to the water tank 3, and the output end is connected to the buffer cylinder 2. A return spring 31 is connected between the lower end of the sealing block 6 and the bottom end of the buffer cylinder 2. A control valve is installed on the connecting pipeline between the water pump 4 and the buffer cylinder 2. The sealing block 6 is slidably installed inside the buffer cylinder 2. The top end of the sealing block 6 is connected to a support column 7. An adjustable support component 8 is installed on the top end of the support column 7. The support component 8 dynamically abuts against the outer wall of the well shaft 32. The base 1 is fixed at a preset position between the foundation pit wall and the shaft 32 as the mounting base of the whole assembly, bears the total load of the buffer cylinder 2, the water tank 3, the water pump 4 and the support assembly 8, ensures the position stability of the assembly during the sinking of the open caisson, and avoids the influence of force deviation on the control accuracy S4, after the bottom cushion layer is removed, the earth is excavated and sunk, the opening degree of the electric valve is adjusted to control the sinking speed, and the work is paused every certain distance, the inclination is monitored and deviation is corrected; S5, after the open caisson is in place, the base is cleaned, and the underwater concrete bottom sealing layer is poured.

[0019] In the embodiment, the support assembly 8 includes a support seat 9 and an arc-shaped pressing block 10, the top end of the buffer cylinder 2 is provided with guide rods 11 upward at four corners, the support seat 9 is provided with corresponding sliding holes, and slides up and down along the guide rods 11; the middle part of the arc-shaped pressing block 10 is hingedly assembled to one end of the support seat 9 close to the shaft 32, the other side of the support seat 9 is hingedly provided with a telescopic cylinder 12, the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 12 is hingedly connected to the top end of the arc-shaped pressing block 10, so that the arc-shaped pressing block 10 is driven to rotate around the middle hinge point by the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 12, and the pressing between the arc-shaped pressing block 10 and the outer wall of the open caisson is realized.

[0020] The guide rods 11 at the top end of the buffer cylinder 2 limit the support seat 9 to only slide vertically (consistent with the sinking direction of the shaft 32), so as to avoid horizontal deviation of the support seat 9 due to the inclination or lateral force of the shaft 32, and ensure that the support force always acts on the shaft 32 in the radial direction; In the embodiment, the lower surface of the arc-shaped pressing block 10 is provided with anti-skid lines, the lower end of the arc-shaped pressing block is provided with a through opening, a resisting block 13 is hingedly connected in the through opening, a torsional spring is connected between the resisting block 13 and the side wall of the through opening, the resisting block 13 is provided with a groove 14 close to the outer end face, and a plurality of rubber pieces 15 are equidistantly distributed in the groove 14.

[0021] In work, the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 12 is retracted, drives the arc-shaped pressing block 10 to rotate around the middle hinge point, so that the lower part of the arc-shaped pressing block 10 is attached to the outer wall of the shaft 32 and is pressed against, the anti-skid lines on the lower part of the arc-shaped pressing block 10 increase the static friction force with the outer wall of the shaft 32, and prevent the relative sliding between the support assembly 8 and the shaft 32; the resisting block 13 in the through opening is elastically hinged through the torsional spring, can adapt to the slight concave-convex or deformation of the outer wall of the shaft 32, and ensures the local close contact; the rubber pieces 15 in the groove 14 of the resisting block 13 further enhance the friction coefficient, and at the same time buffer the instantaneous fluctuation of the support force through elastic deformation.

[0022] By adjusting the compression degree of the arc-shaped pressing block 10 and the abutting block 13 and the outer wall of the well hole 32, when the well hole 32 sinks, the support assembly 8 can move downward synchronously with the well hole 32, and the sealing block 6 connected to the lower end of the support column 7 can slide downward along the inner wall of the buffer cylinder 2. At this time, the fluid medium (water) below the sealing block 6 in the buffer cylinder 2 needs to be discharged to the water tank 3 through the bottom electric control valve 5 to allow the sealing block 6 to sink synchronously with the well hole 32; If the sinking speed of the well hole 32 is too fast (exceeds the preset target range), the processor controls the electric control valve 5 to reduce the opening degree, at this time, the discharge speed of the water in the buffer cylinder 2 is slow, which is less than the sinking speed of the sealing block 6 (with the well hole 32). The water below the sealing block 6 is accumulated due to the slow discharge, which generates an upward reaction force (equivalent to "water cushion resistance") on the sealing block 6, which hinders the sealing block 6 from continuing to descend; this resistance is transmitted to the outer wall of the well hole 32 through the support column 7 and the support assembly 8, forming a "braking resistance" to the sinking of the well hole 32, forcing the well hole 32 to slow down until the sinking speed matches the water discharge.

[0023] If the sinking speed of the well hole 32 is too slow (below the preset target range), the processor controls the electric control valve 5 to increase the opening degree, and the discharge speed of the water is increased to keep synchronization (or slightly faster) with the sinking speed of the sealing block 6. There is no obvious water accumulation below the sealing block 6, the upward reaction force is reduced, the resistance of the support assembly 8 to the well hole 32 is weakened, and the well hole 32 can naturally accelerate the sinking under the action of its own weight and earth excavation.

[0024] And after the well hole 32 descends for a distance, the support seat 9 cannot continue to descend when it descends to the top end of the buffer cylinder 2. At this time, the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 12 extends outward, so that the arc-shaped pressing block 10 is separated from the cylinder wall, and then the control valve is opened. The water pump 4 pumps the water in the tank into the buffer cylinder 2, so that the support seat 9 is reset to the uppermost side under the action of the inflowing water and the reset spring 31, and then the arc-shaped pressing block 10 is reconnected by the telescopic cylinder 12, so that the work can continue.

[0025] In the embodiment, the left and right ends of the support seat 9 are provided with mounting holes 16, and the outer sides of the mounting holes 16 on the left and right sides are provided with rotating rods 17. A wire wheel 18 is rotatably arranged in one of the mounting holes 16, a pull rope 19 is wound on the wire wheel 18, and a hand wheel 20 is arranged at the top end of the support seat 9 and connected with the wire wheel 18. A fixed column 21 is arranged in the other mounting hole 16, the fixed column 21 is provided with a clamping hole 22, and the end of the pull rope 19 is provided with a clamping block 23 corresponding to the clamping hole 22. Touch switches 24 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the mounting holes 16 on the left and right sides, and the touch switches 24 are electrically connected with the alarm. In the installation, the pull rope 19 is retracted and released by rotating the hand wheel 20, one end of the pull rope 19 is pulled out and clamped to the fixed column 21 on the support seat 9 on the adjacent side through the clamping block 23 and the clamping hole 22, and then the pull rope 19 is rotated to wind the pull rope 19, so that the pull rope 19 is in a horizontal tension state (perpendicular to the sinking direction of the well shaft 32), at this time the pull rope 19 is neither loose nor vertical, the height of the pull rope 19 keeps a distance (does not contact) from the touch switch 24 on the upper and lower ends of the installation port 16 on both sides, and the alarm is in a standby state.

[0026] When the well shaft 32 is vertically and uniformly sinking, each support seat 9 vertically moves (sinking speed is consistent) synchronously with the well shaft 32, and the horizontal tension of the pull rope 19 remains unchanged; when the well shaft 32 is tilted due to uneven soil, unbalanced force and other reasons, the sinking speed of the support seats 9 on both sides is different (one side is fast and the other side is slow), which causes the horizontal tension state of the pull rope 19 to be destroyed, and the specific performance is as follows: If the well shaft 32 tilts to one side (for example, the left side sinks faster than the right side), the sinking distance of the left support seat 9 is greater than that of the right side, and the vertical height difference is formed between the support seats 9 on both sides: the left support seat 9 is lower, the right support seat 9 is higher, and the pull rope 19 connecting the two is tilted due to excessive sinking on the left side. The tilted pull rope 19 will touch the touch switch 24, no matter the upper end or the lower end of the touch switch 24, the switch will immediately send an electrical signal to the alarm, trigger the alarm to sound and light, and prompt the operator that the well shaft 32 has tilted and the operation needs to be paused and corrected.

[0027] When the operator completes the correction of the well shaft 32, the vertical height difference between the support seats 9 on both sides disappears, at this time the wire wheel 18 can be rotated by the hand wheel 20 to release and wind the pull rope 19, so that the pull rope 19 returns to the horizontal tension state (keeps a distance from the touch switch 24), the alarm stops alarming, and the sinking well can continue to sink.

[0028] In the embodiment, a speed measuring sensor is installed on the support seat 9, the speed measuring sensor is electrically connected with the electric control valve 5 through a processor; by collecting the displacement change data of the sinking well in real time, the actual sinking speed is calculated and fed back to the processor; the processor compares the actual sinking speed with the preset target sinking speed range: if the actual sinking speed is greater than the upper limit of the target range, the electric control valve 5 is controlled to reduce the opening; if the actual sinking speed is less than the lower limit of the target range, the electric control valve 5 is controlled to increase the opening.

[0029] In the embodiment, a plurality of speed reduction mechanisms 25 are also distributed between the outer periphery of the well shaft 32 and the foundation pit wall, the speed reduction mechanism 25 includes an adjusting seat 26 and a rubber friction wheel 27, a lead screw 28 and a sliding rail 29 are arranged on the adjusting seat 26, a sliding seat 30 is arranged on the sliding rail 29, and the sliding seat 30 is threadedly connected with the lead screw 28, the lead screw 28 is driven to rotate by a first motor, and the rubber friction wheel 27 is assembled on the sliding seat 30 and driven to rotate by a second motor. The first motor drives the screw rod 28 to rotate, and the sliding seat 30 moves along the slide rail 29, so that the rubber friction wheel 27 contacts the outer wall of the wellbore 32; the second motor drives the rubber friction wheel 27 to rotate, when the sinking speed of the wellbore 32 is too fast, the friction force between the rubber and the outer wall of the wellbore 32 generates a reverse resistance to the wellbore 32, further slowing down the sinking speed (especially when the sinking speed is too fast, cooperating with the electric control valve 5 to enhance the deceleration effect), improving the reliability of the lifting speed control, on the contrary, if the sinking speed of the wellbore 32 is too slow, the rubber friction wheel 27 rotates in the positive direction, generating a downward thrust.

[0030] In the embodiment, the arc-shaped pressing blocks 10 of the support assembly 8 are embedded with a pressure sensor array, and the telescopic cylinders 12 are servo electric cylinders; the processor adjusts the telescopic cylinders 12 in real time according to the pressure distribution data of each arc-shaped pressing block 10, so that the contact pressure of the arc-shaped pressing blocks 10 and the wall of the wellbore 32 is uniformized.

[0031] Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements to part of the technical features, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A construction method for a large-scale component caisson for sewage treatment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Foundation pit pretreatment: Excavate the foundation pit for caisson construction and lay a cushion layer at the bottom of the pit; S2. Build formwork and pour components at the preset positions in the foundation pit to form a precast well cylinder, and cure it to the design strength; S3. Auxiliary sinking components are evenly distributed between the outer perimeter of the well shaft and the foundation pit wall. Each set of auxiliary sinking components includes a base, a buffer cylinder, a water tank, and a water pump. The buffer cylinder, water tank, and water pump are all installed on the top of the base. An electrically controlled valve is connected to the bottom of the buffer cylinder. The other end of the electrically controlled valve is connected to the water tank, which is filled with a fluid medium. The input end of the water pump is connected to the water tank, and the output end is connected to the buffer cylinder. A sealing block is slidably arranged inside the buffer cylinder. A support column is connected to the top of the sealing block. An adjustable support component is provided at the top of the support column. The support component dynamically abuts against the outer wall of the well shaft. S4. After removing the bottom cushion layer, excavate and sink the soil. Control the sinking speed by adjusting the opening of the electric valve. Pause the work every certain distance to monitor the tilt and correct the deviation. S5. After the caisson is in place, clean the base and pour underwater concrete to seal the bottom layer.

2. The construction method for a large component caisson for sewage treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support assembly includes a support base and an arc-shaped pressure block. Guide rods are provided at the four corners of the top of the buffer cylinder. Corresponding sliding holes are provided on the support base, and the block slides up and down along the guide rods. The middle part of the arc-shaped pressure block is hinged to one end of the support base near the well shaft. A telescopic cylinder is hinged to the other side of the support base. The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder is hinged to the top of the arc-shaped pressure block. Thus, the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder drives the arc-shaped pressure block to rotate around its middle hinge point, thereby achieving the pressing between the arc-shaped pressure block and the outer peripheral wall of the caisson.

3. The construction method for a large component caisson for sewage treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower surface of the arc-shaped pressure block is provided with anti-slip texture. An opening is provided in the middle of the lower end of the arc-shaped pressure block. A stop block is hinged to the opening. A torsion spring is connected between the stop block and the side wall of the opening. A groove is provided near the outer end face of the stop block. Several rubber pieces are evenly distributed in the groove.

4. The construction method for a large component caisson for sewage treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support base has mounting openings at both ends, and rotating rods are provided on the outer sides of the mounting openings on both sides. A spool is rotatably installed in one mounting opening, and a pull rope is wound on the spool. A handwheel connected to the spool is provided at the top of the support base. A fixing post is provided in the mounting opening on the other side, and a locking slot is provided on the fixing post. A corresponding locking block is provided at the end of the pull rope. Touch switches are provided at the top and bottom ends of the mounting openings on both sides. The touch switches are electrically connected to the alarm. The pull rope is stretched horizontally and extends to engage with the fixing post on the adjacent side.

5. The construction method for a large component caisson for sewage treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A speed sensor is installed on the support base, and the speed sensor is electrically connected to the electric control valve through the processor. By collecting the displacement change data of the caisson in real time, the actual sinking speed is calculated and fed back to the processor. The processor compares the actual sinking speed with the preset target sinking speed range: if the actual sinking speed is greater than the upper limit of the target range, the electric control valve is controlled to reduce the opening. If the actual sinking speed is less than the lower limit of the target range, the control valve will increase its opening.

6. The construction method for a large component caisson for sewage treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that: Several deceleration mechanisms are distributed between the outer periphery of the well shaft and the foundation pit wall. Each deceleration mechanism includes an adjusting seat and a rubber friction wheel. The adjusting seat is equipped with a lead screw and a slide rail. The slide rail is equipped with a sliding block, which is threadedly connected to the lead screw. The lead screw is driven to rotate by a first motor. The rubber friction wheel is mounted on the sliding block and is driven to rotate by a second motor.

7. The construction method for a large component caisson for sewage treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A return spring is connected between the lower end of the sealing block and the bottom end of the buffer cylinder, and a control valve is installed on the connecting pipeline between the water pump and the buffer cylinder.

8. The construction method for a large component caisson for sewage treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc-shaped pressure block of the support component is embedded with a pressure sensor array, and the telescopic cylinder is a servo electric cylinder; the processor adjusts the telescopic cylinder in real time according to the pressure distribution data of each arc-shaped pressure block, so as to make the contact pressure between the arc-shaped pressure block and the well wall uniform.

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