Well pattern design method for green mining of ionic rare earth ore

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ionic rare earth ore liquid injection engineering, and discloses a well pattern design method for green mining of ionic rare earth ore, which comprises the following steps: exploring field geology to obtain well spacing parameters of rare earth ore; according to ore body grade distribution, an ore deposit plane is divided into a rich ore area, a middle ore area and a lean ore area, according to the ore body thickness, the rich ore area, the middle ore area and the lean ore area are divided into a thick layer, a medium-thick layer and a thin layer, and the well spacing ranges are delineated class by class; respectively generating well pattern deployment strategies according to the nine types of combinations; carrying out well spacing topology preliminary design based on a well pattern deployment strategy; well spacing unit deepening design is implemented based on the preliminary design; and dynamically regulating and controlling the liquid injection head and the concentration of the ore leaching liquid. The well spacing is enlarged, the number of drilled wells is reduced, the concentration of the liquid injection water head and the ore leaching liquid can be accurately regulated and controlled in real time, and the slope stability is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ion-type rare earth ore liquid injection engineering, in particular to a well pattern design method for green mining of ion-type rare earth ore. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing in-situ leaching mining process cannot meet the high-quality development needs of the industry, and the green mining process level needs to be improved.

[0003] The current in-situ leaching mining process still has the following problems: first, the rare earth leaching solution (mother liquor) is mainly collected through the bottom flow guide hole or the liquid collection roadway, the mining efficiency is low, and the mining period is long; based on the rare earth leaching rate data collected at the bottom of the mine, it is difficult to accurately control the liquid injection head and the concentration of the leaching solution, especially the injection sequence of first concentration and then dilution, first liquid and then water, which mainly depends on experience and lacks quantitative theoretical basis. Second, the in-situ leaching mining process requires a large amount of ammonium sulfate solution to be injected, which pollutes the soil layer and damages the normal growth of vegetation. Third, the existing well pattern design seeks a balance between leaching blind area and slope stability, and the over-dense well spacing will lead to a shorter unsaturated ore body moisture absorption path, which will further reduce the matrix suction of the ore body and increase the pore water pressure, frequently causing landslides, especially in the rainy season. While over-dense well spacing is prone to form leaching blind area, even if the ore body between the wells is infiltrated by leaching solution, the leaching solution still needs to be collected from the bottom of the ore body. In order to improve the horizontal direction of rare earth leaching efficiency, a large amount of leaching solution must be consumed, which will further increase the mining cost.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a well pattern design method for green mining of ion-type rare earth ore to solve the technical problem that the green mining process level needs to be improved in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a well pattern design method for green mining of ion-type rare earth ore, which aims to solve the problem that the green mining process level needs to be improved in the prior art.

[0006] The present application provides a well pattern design method for green mining of ion-type rare earth ore, comprising: Exploring field geology to obtain the well distribution parameters of the rare earth ore; wherein the well distribution parameters include the ore body grade, the ore body thickness and the weathering crust structure characteristics; Determine the well distribution range of the rare earth ore based on the well distribution parameters: divide the ore deposit plane into rich ore area, medium ore area and poor ore area according to the ore body grade distribution, and subdivide the rich ore area, the medium ore area and the poor ore area into thick layer, medium-thick layer and thin layer according to the ore body thickness, a total of nine combinations, and delineate the well distribution range by category; According to nine kinds of combinations, well pattern deployment strategies are generated respectively: for rich thick layer, staggered well placement and two-way liquid recovery are adopted; for rich medium thick layer, conventional well placement and two-way liquid recovery are adopted; for rich thin layer, conventional well placement and one-way liquid recovery are adopted; for medium thick layer, staggered well placement and two-way liquid recovery are adopted; for medium medium thick layer and medium thin layer, conventional well placement and one-way liquid recovery are adopted; for poor thick layer and poor medium thick layer, conventional well placement and one-way liquid recovery are adopted; for poor thin layer, temporary mining is adopted; Based on the well pattern deployment strategy, a preliminary design of well placement topology is carried out; Based on the preliminary design, a deepening design of well placement unit is implemented: the injection well is a shallow well, only used for injection; the injection and extraction integrated well is a medium or deep well, with the functions of injection and extraction; the field control monitoring well is a medium or deep well, used for monitoring the leaching liquid inside the ore body; The water level parameters, pore water pressure, key ion concentration parameters of leaching liquid, specific impurity ion concentration of leaching liquid, electrical conductivity of leaching liquid and oxidation-reduction potential of leaching liquid are collected and analyzed in real time, and the injection water head and leaching liquid concentration are dynamically controlled.

[0007] Further, when the water level parameters, pore water pressure, key ion concentration parameters of leaching liquid, specific impurity ion concentration of leaching liquid, electrical conductivity of leaching liquid and oxidation-reduction potential of leaching liquid are collected and analyzed in real time, and the injection water head and leaching liquid concentration are dynamically controlled, it includes: The injection well uses low-concentration non-ammonium leaching liquid; in the injection and extraction integrated well, the medium well uses low-concentration leaching liquid mixed with a dye tracer, and the deep well uses high-concentration leaching liquid; The water level parameters of the leaching liquid of the injection and extraction integrated well are monitored in real time, the dynamic of the wetting front of the leaching liquid around the medium well and the deep well in the horizontal direction is evaluated, and the preliminary control of the injection water head is realized: the injection and extraction integrated well adopts a double-channel structure, the upper part extracts liquid, the lower part injects liquid, and the middle part is physically isolated; when the water level of the upper part of the medium well rises to the initial injection water head of the shallow well, the liquid extraction system is automatically triggered until the water level falls to the bottom elevation of the shallow well, and the extracted leaching liquid is discharged into the collection ditch along the slope through the liquid extraction pipe network; when the water level of the upper part of the deep well rises to the medium value of the initial injection water head of the shallow well and the medium well, the liquid extraction system is automatically triggered until the water level falls to the bottom elevation of the medium well, and the extracted leaching liquid is discharged into the collection ditch along the slope through the liquid extraction pipe network; Real-time monitoring of pore water pressure in the ore body where the integrated injection and pumping well is located is used to assess the slope instability risk of the ore body surrounding the intermediate and deep wells, and to achieve precise control of the injection head: when the pore water pressure head of the intermediate well reaches 95% of the initial injection head of the shallow well, the pumping system is activated, and the injection head of the shallow well is reduced, thereby reducing the pore water pressure in the ore body and preventing shallow landslides induced by injection or rainfall infiltration; when the pore water pressure head of the deep well rises to the arithmetic mean of the initial injection heads of the shallow and intermediate wells, the pumping system is activated, and the injection head of the intermediate well is reduced, thereby reducing the pore water pressure in the ore body and simultaneously adjusting the injection head of the deep well to ensure the linkage of well group parameters; Real-time monitoring of key ion concentration parameters of the leaching solution in the field control monitoring wells is conducted to assess the rare earth leaching rate of the leaching solution in the horizontal direction in shallow and medium-sized wells, thereby achieving the main control of the leaching solution concentration. Based on the key ion concentration data, and combined with the ore body quality, ore body grade, and elemental composition, the rare earth leaching rate LR1 of the leaching solution horizontally migrates from the shallow well to the control area of ​​the medium-sized well is calculated. The calculation formula is as follows: ; ; in, C 1 represents the total rare earth ion concentration at the well site, in g / L. V 1 represents the total volume of the leaching solution in the upper part of the well, in liters (L). M mctr1 It refers to the orebody mass in the shallow well area controlled by the central well, expressed in tons (t). G mr This represents the total rare earth grade of the ore body in the Zhongjing controlled area, expressed in % (%). C m,i It is the first Nakai department i The concentration of rare earth elements; ω i It is the first i The rare earth element components are expressed in percentages of %. The deep well adopts a dual-channel structure design. The upper part of the deep well is used to analyze the rare earth leaching rate LR2 of the leaching solution that flows horizontally from the shallow well, bypasses the intermediate well, and reaches the deep well control area. The calculation formula is as follows: ; ; in, C 2 represents the total rare earth ion concentration in the upper part of the deep well, in g / L; V 2 represents the total volume of the leaching solution in the upper part of the deep well, in liters (L). M dctr1 It refers to the ore body mass in the shallow well area controlled by the deep well, expressed in tons (t). G dr This represents the total rare earth grade of the ore body in the deep well controlled area, expressed in % (%). Cd,i It is the upper part of Fukai. i The concentration of rare earth elements; ω i It is the first i The rare earth element components are expressed in percentages of %. The rare earth leaching rate LR3, specifically used in the lower part of the deep well for quantifying the horizontal migration of leaching solution from the intermediate well to the deep well control zone, is calculated using the following formula: ; ; in, C 3 represents the total rare earth ion concentration in the lower part of the deep well, in g / L; V 3 represents the total volume of the leaching solution in the lower part of the deep well, in liters (L). M dctr2 It refers to the ore body mass of the well area controlled by the deep well, expressed in tons (t). G dr This represents the total rare earth grade of the ore body in the deep well controlled area, expressed in % (%). C d,j It is the lower part of the deep well. j The concentration of rare earth elements; ω j It is the first j One rare earth element component, % The concentration of the shallow well leaching solution in the well control zone is dynamically adjusted based on the changes in LR1 and LR2 data: when the sum of LR1 and LR2 decreases from its peak value, the concentration of the shallow well leaching solution is reduced; when the sum of LR1 and LR2 decreases to a constant value, top water injection is switched; when... C 1 and C When the total concentration of 2 is less than 0.1 g / L, the injection should be terminated; By analyzing the changes in LR3 data, the concentration of the leaching solution in the intermediate wells within the deep well control zone is dynamically adjusted, and the concentration of the leaching solution in the deep wells is adjusted simultaneously: when LR3 decreases from its peak value, the concentrations of the leaching solutions in both the intermediate and deep wells are reduced; when LR3 remains constant, both the intermediate and deep wells switch to top water injection; when... C 3. When the concentration is below 0.1 g / L, terminate the injection. Real-time monitoring of specific impurity ion concentrations, conductivity, and redox potential parameters of the leachate in field-controlled monitoring wells allows for the diagnosis of leaching agent consumption and residue levels in shallow and medium-sized wells. It also assesses the horizontal permeability of the leachate in medium and deep wells, enabling auxiliary control of the leaching solution concentration. Based on the concentration variation pattern of specific impurity ions, the consumption of leaching agent in the horizontal direction in shallow and medium wells is accurately quantified. By analyzing real-time abnormal fluctuations in electrical conductivity, it is possible to determine whether there are preferential flow channels or excessive residual leaching agent in the shallow-to-medium-depth, shallow-to-deep, and medium-to-deep wells. Synchronous tracking of redox potential dynamic changes, diagnosis of colloidal plugging risk of ore body pores, and revealing the causes of preferential flow; After determining the preferential flow and the plugging area, the interwell resistivity tomography measurement line is laid out and repeated periodically. Based on the measurement data, the interwell ore body resistivity two-dimensional profile image is formed by numerical inversion, and then the images of different periods are compared to dynamically track the evolution of the preferential flow path and the plugging area of the leaching solution.

[0008] Further, the low-concentration ammonium-free leaching solution uses 1%~2% magnesium sulfate, the low-concentration conventional leaching solution uses 1%~2% ammonium sulfate, and the high-concentration conventional leaching solution uses 2%~3% ammonium sulfate.

[0009] Further, when the field control monitoring well is used to monitor the leaching solution inside the ore body, it comprises: The field control monitoring well is arranged at least one in each mining area, and one in the connection position of different mining areas, and the total number is not less than 3.

[0010] Further, when the well network deployment strategy is used to carry out preliminary design of well layout topology, it comprises: The preliminary design comprises a plurality of well groups, each well group comprising a liquid injection well, an injection and pumping integrated well, and a field control observation well, the horizontal projection of the well group is a double-layered regular polygon structure, and the plane is densely packed by single or multiple regular polygon combinations.

[0011] Further, the double-layered regular polygon structure comprises a regular quadrilateral, a regular hexagon, or a regular octagon.

[0012] Further, the medium well control area is a polyhedral unit composed of a medium well and its adjacent multiple shallow wells, and the deep well control area is a polyhedral unit composed of a deep well and its adjacent multiple medium wells or shallow wells.

[0013] Further, the weathering crust structure features include soil layer and completely weathered layer.

[0014] Further, the staggered well layout requires staggered wells, well depth is divided into shallow well, medium well, and deep well according to the depth of the discovered ore, and the corresponding well bottom is located in the upper, middle, and lower layers of the completely weathered layer, respectively, while the conventional well layout specifies the well depth as 0.5~1m of the discovered ore.

[0015] Further, the one-way liquid collection is through the flow guide hole and the roadway from the bottom of the ion-type rare earth ore, and the two-way liquid collection includes collecting liquid from the bottom of the ore body and collecting liquid from the upper part of the ion-type system ore through the injection and pumping integrated well.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that: the application realizes four breakthroughs: (1) for the traditional dense well pattern with vertical seepage as the core, the well pattern is arranged in a staggered manner, the well spacing is expanded, and the number of drilling wells is reduced; (2) for the defects of response lag and insufficient precision of traditional well pattern liquid injection parameter regulation, based on the dynamic feedback of horizontal seepage zone leaching efficiency, the liquid injection head and leaching liquid concentration are real-time and accurate; (3) for the problems of ammonium nitrogen pollution, vegetation degradation and long leaching period caused by traditional full well network ammonium sulfate leaching, a layered ammonium control and grade adaptive leaching system is used; (4) for the key problem of slope instability induced by liquid injection activities and rainfall infiltration in traditional mining, injection and extraction integrated well groups are deployed, the pore water pressure field is adjusted through dynamic extraction, and the slope stability is effectively improved. At the same time, the injection and extraction integrated well can realize bidirectional efficient recovery of leaching liquid, reduce the number of liquid collecting roadways, reduce the disturbance of artificial excavation to the slope, and further ensure the safety of the slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference made to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting in any respect. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views, wherein: Figure 1 A single double-layered regular hexagonal planar structure schematic diagram provided by the application; Figure 2 A single double-layered regular octagonal planar structure schematic diagram provided by the application; Figure 3 A planar structure schematic diagram provided by the application, in which multiple regular hexagons are connected; Figure 4 A planar structure schematic diagram provided by the application, in which multiple regular octagons and regular quadrilaterals are connected; Figure 5 A profile structure schematic diagram of injection and extraction integrated well staggered well arrangement provided by the application; Figure 6 A profile structure schematic diagram of field control monitoring well staggered well arrangement provided by the application; Figure 7 A structure schematic diagram of bidirectional liquid recovery provided by the application; Figure 8 A structure schematic diagram of middle well or deep well in injection and extraction integrated well provided by the application; Figure 9 A structure schematic diagram of middle well in field control monitoring well provided by the application; Figure 10 A structure schematic diagram of deep well in field control monitoring well provided by the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it is understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood, and the scope of the present disclosure can be accurately conveyed to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0019] Referring to Figures 1-10 , in the figure, h1 is the water head of the shallow well, h2 is the water head of the middle well, and h3 is the water head of the deep well; the number of tetrahedral units 1, 2, and 3 is 4 respectively.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present application, the present embodiment provides a well pattern design method for green mining of ion-type rare earth ore, comprising: Exploring field geology to obtain well distribution parameters of rare earth ore; wherein the well distribution parameters include ore body grade, ore body thickness, and weathering crust structure characteristics; Determining the well distribution range of the rare earth ore based on the well distribution parameters: dividing the deposit plane into rich ore area, medium ore area, and lean ore area according to the ore body grade distribution, and subdividing the rich ore area, medium ore area, and lean ore area into thick layer, medium-thick layer, and thin layer according to the ore body thickness, respectively, a total of nine combinations, and delineating the well distribution range by category; According to the nine combinations, respectively generate well pattern deployment strategies: for rich ore thick layer, adopt staggered well distribution and two-way liquid recovery, for rich ore medium-thick layer, adopt conventional well distribution and two-way liquid recovery, for rich ore thin layer, adopt conventional well distribution and one-way liquid recovery; for medium ore thick layer, adopt staggered well distribution and two-way liquid recovery, for medium ore medium-thick layer and medium ore thin layer, adopt conventional well distribution and one-way liquid recovery; for lean ore thick layer and lean ore medium-thick layer, adopt conventional well distribution and one-way liquid recovery, and for lean ore thin layer, temporarily postpone mining; Based on the well pattern deployment strategy, carry out preliminary design of well distribution topology; Based on the preliminary design, implement deepening design of well distribution unit: the injection well is a shallow well, only used for injection; the injection and extraction integrated well is a middle well or a deep well, with the dual functions of injection and extraction; the field control monitoring well is a middle well or a deep well, used for monitoring the leaching liquid inside the ore body; Real-time collection and analysis of water level parameters, pore water pressure, key ion concentration parameters of leaching liquid, specific impurity ion concentration of leaching liquid, electrical conductivity of leaching liquid, and oxidation-reduction potential of leaching liquid, dynamic regulation of injection water head and leaching liquid concentration.

[0021] Specifically, the weathering crust structure characteristics include soil layer and completely weathered layer, etc.

[0022] Ore body grade is the mass fraction of rare earth oxides in the ore body that can be leached by ion exchange. The grade is greater than 0.15% in rich ore areas, between 0.05% and 0.15% in medium ore areas, and less than 0.05% in lean ore areas. Ore thickness is defined as the ore body with a light (heavy) rare earth grade greater than 0.03 (0.02)%, with thick ore having a thickness greater than 10 m, medium-thick ore having a thickness between 5 and 10 m, and thin ore having a thickness less than 5 m.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the real-time acquisition and analysis of leachate water level parameters, pore water pressure, key ion concentration parameters of the leachate, specific impurity ion concentration of the leachate, conductivity of the leachate, and redox potential of the leachate, and the dynamic control of the injection head and leaching solution concentration, includes: Injection wells use low-concentration ammonium-free leaching solution; in integrated injection and extraction wells, medium-sized wells use low-concentration leaching solution mixed with dye tracer, while deep wells use high-concentration leaching solution. Real-time monitoring of the water level parameters of the leaching fluid in the integrated injection and pumping wells is conducted to assess the dynamics of the horizontal wetting line of the leaching fluid around the intermediate and deep wells, enabling preliminary control of the injection head. Based on key ion concentration data, and combined with ore body quality, grade, and elemental composition, the rare earth leaching rate LR1, which is horizontally transported from the shallow well to the control area of ​​the intermediate well, is calculated using the following formula: ; ; in, C 1 represents the total rare earth ion concentration at the well site, in g / L. V 1 represents the total volume of the leaching solution in the upper part of the well, in liters (L). M mctr1 It refers to the orebody mass in the shallow well area controlled by the central well, expressed in tons (t). G mr This represents the total rare earth grade of the ore body in the Zhongjing controlled area, expressed in % (%). C m,i It is the first Nakai department i The concentration of rare earth elements; ω i It is the first i One rare earth element component, in units of % The deep well adopts a dual-channel structure design. The upper part of the deep well is used to analyze the rare earth leaching rate LR2 of the leaching solution that flows horizontally from the shallow well, bypasses the intermediate well, and reaches the deep well control area. The calculation formula is as follows: ; ; in, C 2 represents the total rare earth ion concentration in the upper part of the deep well, in g / L; V2 is the total volume of the upper part of the deep well leaching liquid, unit: L; M dctr1 is the ore body quality of the deep well control shallow well area, unit: t; G dr is the total rare earth grade of the ore body in the deep well control area, unit: %; C d,i is the concentration of the first rare earth element in the upper part of the deep well; i ω i is the first rare earth element component, unit: %; i The deep well lower part is specially used to quantify the rare earth leaching rate LR3 of the leaching liquid from the middle well horizontal migration to the deep well control area, and its calculation formula is as follows: ; ; Among them, C 3 is the total rare earth ion concentration in the lower part of the deep well, unit: g / L; V 3 is the total volume of the lower part of the deep well leaching liquid, unit: L; M dctr2 is the ore body quality of the deep well control middle well area, unit: t; G dr is the total rare earth grade of the ore body in the deep well control area, unit: %; C d,j is the concentration of the first rare earth element in the lower part of the deep well; j ω j is the first rare earth element component, %; j Through the change of LR1 and LR2 data, the concentration of shallow well leaching liquid in middle well control area is dynamically adjusted: when the sum of LR1 and LR2 decreases from the peak value, the concentration of shallow well leaching liquid is reduced; when the sum of LR1 and LR2 decreases to a constant, the top water injection is switched; when the sum of C 1 and C 2 is lower than 0.1 g / L, the injection is terminated; Through the change of LR3 data, the concentration of middle well leaching liquid in deep well control area is dynamically adjusted, and the concentration of deep well leaching liquid is adjusted at the same time: when LR3 decreases from the peak value, the concentration of middle well and deep well leaching liquid is reduced; when LR3 decreases to a constant, the middle well and deep well switch to top water injection; when C 3 is lower than 0.1 g / L, the injection is terminated; The specific impurity ion concentration, conductivity and redox potential parameters of the field control monitoring well leaching liquid are monitored in real time, the consumption and residual amount of leaching agent in shallow well and middle well are diagnosed, and the horizontal permeability efficiency of leaching liquid in middle well and deep well is evaluated, so as to realize the auxiliary regulation of leaching liquid concentration: ​​​​According to the concentration variation law of specific impurity ions, the consumption of leaching agent in the horizontal direction of shallow wells and middle wells is accurately quantified; low-concentration magnesium sulfate leaching solution is used in shallow wells, low-concentration ammonium sulfate leaching solution mixed with fluorescein sodium tracer is used in middle wells, and high-concentration ammonium sulfate leaching solution is used in deep wells. Before leaching, the initial concentration of magnesium ions in the middle well control shallow well area, the initial concentration of magnesium ions in the deep well control shallow well area, and the initial concentration of ammonium ions in the deep well control middle well area are determined by indoor test respectively; after leaching, the current concentration of magnesium ions in the upper part of the middle well, the current concentration of magnesium ions in the upper part of the deep well, and the current concentration of fluorescein anions and ammonium ions in the lower part of the deep well are determined by indoor test respectively; if the difference between the concentration of specific impurity ions before and after leaching (current concentration-initial concentration) is called residual concentration, then the consumption of leaching agent = injection concentration-residual concentration, that is, the consumption of leaching agent in the horizontal direction of shallow wells = magnesium ion consumption in middle wells + magnesium ion consumption in deep wells, and the consumption of leaching agent in the horizontal direction of middle wells is the consumption of fluorescein anions or ammonium ions; By the real-time abnormal fluctuation of conductivity, it is determined whether there is a preferential flow channel or excessive residual leaching agent from shallow wells to middle wells, from shallow wells to deep wells, and from middle wells to deep wells; before leaching, a quantitative conversion formula of conductivity and the concentration of specific impurity ions is established by indoor column leaching test, that is, a reference curve. In the early stage of leaching, the reference curve is calibrated by monitoring the on-site conductivity and the concentration of specific impurity ions. During the leaching process, based on the calibrated curve, if the conductivity of the middle well abnormally rises rapidly and LR1 is low, it is determined that there is preferential flow in the horizontal seepage from shallow wells to middle wells; if the upper part of the deep well abnormally rises rapidly and LR2 is low, it is determined that there is preferential flow in the horizontal seepage from shallow wells to deep wells; if the lower part of the deep well abnormally rises rapidly and LR3 is low, it is determined that there is preferential flow in the horizontal seepage from middle wells to deep wells; Synchronously tracking the dynamic change of oxidation-reduction potential, diagnosing the risk of colloidal plugging of ore body pores, and revealing the cause of preferential flow; when the oxidation-reduction potential of leaching solution appears V-shaped or U-shaped dynamic change, if the PH is controlled at 5.5-6.0, it indicates that in the potential recovery stage, the ore body pores are mainly at risk of being plugged by iron hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide colloids.

[0024] After determining the preferential flow and the plugging area, the inter-well resistivity tomography measurement line is laid out and repeated measurement is carried out regularly. Based on the measurement data, the two-dimensional profile image of the inter-well ore body resistivity is formed by numerical inversion, and then the images of different periods are compared to dynamically track the evolution of the dominant migration path of leaching solution and the plugging area.

[0025] Specifically, the injection well, injection-extraction integrated well and field control monitoring well all adopt corrosion-resistant, pressure-resistant and shear-resistant tubular porous material to protect the wall; wherein, the bottom end of the field control monitoring well is sealed; the filter material is filled between the wall of the injection-extraction integrated well and the ore body, and the bentonite ball is used for perfusion at the position 10-15 cm above and below the physical isolation layer to prevent the downward leaching liquid from upward osmosis through the filter material.

[0026] In addition, the liquid extraction pipe network is a pipe network system for collecting leaching liquid from each liquid extraction integrated well and transporting to the water collecting ditch. The key ion is a rare earth cation, and the specific impurity ion is a magnesium ion, a sulfate anion, an ammonium cation and a fluorescein anion.

[0027] Specifically, Figure 5 a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of staggered well arrangement provided by the present application; Figure 6 a structure schematic diagram of bidirectional liquid collection provided by the present application; Figure 7 a well structure schematic diagram in the injection-extraction integrated well provided by the present application; Figure 8 a deep well structure schematic diagram in the injection-extraction integrated well provided by the present application; Figure 9 a well structure schematic diagram in the field control monitoring well provided by the present application; Figure 10 a deep well structure schematic diagram in the field control monitoring well provided by the present application.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the low-concentration ammonium-free leaching liquid uses 1%-2% magnesium sulfate, the low-concentration conventional leaching liquid uses 1%-2% ammonium sulfate, and the high-concentration conventional leaching liquid uses 2%-3% ammonium sulfate.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the field control monitoring well is a medium well or a deep well, and when used for monitoring the leaching liquid inside the ore body, it comprises: The field control monitoring well is arranged at least one in each mining area, and one in the connection position of different mining areas, and the total number is not less than 3.

[0030] Preferably, part of the qualified geological exploration boreholes can be transformed into field control monitoring wells to reduce repeated drilling and save costs. Specifically, the selected borehole should be representative in the well group, usually located at the center of the well group or near the center, and its depth should ensure that it penetrates the full weathering layer depth.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present application, when the well arrangement topology preliminary design is carried out based on the well pattern deployment strategy, it comprises: The preliminary design comprises a plurality of well groups, each well group comprising an injection well, an injection-extraction integrated well and a field control monitoring well, and the horizontal projection of the well group is a double-layer regular polygon structure, and the plane is densely packed by single or multiple regular polygon combinations.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, the double-layer regular polygon structure comprises a regular quadrilateral, a regular hexagon or a regular octagon.

[0033] Referring to Figures 1-4 , Figure 1 A single double-layer regular hexagonal planar structure provided by the present application is shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 2 A single double-layer regular octagonal planar structure provided by the present application is shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 3 A planar structure provided by the present application is shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 4 A planar structure provided by the present application is shown in the schematic diagram.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present application, the medium well control area is a polyhedral unit composed of a medium well and its adjacent multiple shallow wells, and the deep well control area is a polyhedral unit composed of a deep well and its adjacent multiple medium wells or shallow wells.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present application, the weathering crust structure features include soil layer and completely weathered layer.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the staggered well arrangement requires staggered wells, well depth is divided into shallow well, medium well and deep well according to the ore depth, and the corresponding well bottom is located in the upper layer, middle layer and lower layer of the completely weathered layer, respectively, while the conventional well arrangement requires the well depth to be 0.5-1m of the ore.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, the one-way liquid collection is through the flow guide hole and the roadway from the bottom of the ion-type rare earth ore, and the two-way liquid collection includes collecting liquid from the bottom of the ore body and collecting liquid from the upper part of the ion-type system ore through the injection and extraction integrated well.

[0038] It can be understood that in the injection and extraction integrated well, the water level and the pore water pressure of the leaching solution are measured by the water level meter and the osmotic pressure meter, respectively, and the leaching solution is extracted by the submersible pump; in the field control monitoring well, the sample is taken by the monitoring pipe network and sent to the laboratory or subjected to rapid detection on site.

[0039] In summary, the application realizes four breakthroughs: (1) for the traditional dense well pattern with vertical seepage as the core, the staggered well arrangement is adopted to expand the well spacing, thereby reducing the number of drilling wells; (2) for the defects of response lag and insufficient precision in the traditional well pattern liquid injection parameter regulation, based on the dynamic feedback of the leaching efficiency in the horizontal seepage area, the liquid injection head and the leaching liquid concentration are regulated in real time and accurately; (3) for the problems of ammonium-nitrogen pollution, vegetation degradation and long leaching period caused by the traditional full well network ammonium sulfate leaching, the layered ammonium control and grade adaptive leaching system is used; (4) for the key problem of slope instability induced by liquid injection activities and rainfall infiltration in the traditional mining, the injection and extraction integrated well group is deployed, the pore water pressure field is adjusted through dynamic extraction, and the slope stability is effectively improved. At the same time, the injection and extraction integrated well can realize bidirectional efficient recovery of leaching liquid, reduce the number of liquid collection roadways, reduce the disturbance of artificial excavation to the slope, and further ensure the safety of the slope.

[0040] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the application can be supplied as a method, a system or a computer program product. Accordingly, the application can be embodied in the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the application can be embodied in the form of a computer program product on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROMs, optical storage media, etc.) having computer usable program code embodied therein.

[0041] The application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, apparatus (system) and computer program product according to the embodiments of the application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions, and the combination of the flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a device that implements the functions specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 The functions specified in one or more flows and / or blocks. Figure 1 The means for performing the functions specified in one or more flows and / or blocks.

[0042] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium capable of guiding the computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific way, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable storage medium produce a product including instruction means, which implements the functions specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 The functions specified in one or more flows and / or blocks. Figure 1 The means for performing the functions specified in one or more flows and / or blocks.

[0043] These computer program instructions can also be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flowcharts and / or blocks Figure 1 one or more flowcharts and / or blocks

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limit the technical solutions of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments of the present application can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and any modification or equivalent replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application should be covered in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth deposits, characterized in that, include: Explore the geological field to obtain the well layout parameters for rare earth deposits; wherein, the well layout parameters include ore body grade, ore body thickness and weathering crust structural characteristics; Based on the well layout parameters, the well layout range of rare earth mines is determined as follows: the deposit plane is divided into rich ore area, medium ore area and poor ore area according to the ore body grade distribution. According to the ore body thickness, the rich ore area, medium ore area and poor ore area are further subdivided into thick layer, medium-thick layer and thin layer, for a total of nine combinations, and the well layout range is delineated for each category. Based on the nine combinations, well network deployment strategies are generated as follows: for thick layers of rich ore, staggered well placement and bidirectional fluid collection are adopted; for medium-thick layers of rich ore, conventional well placement and bidirectional fluid collection are adopted; for thin layers of rich ore, conventional well placement and unidirectional fluid collection are adopted; for thick layers of medium ore, staggered well placement and bidirectional fluid collection are adopted; for medium-thick and thin layers of medium ore, conventional well placement and unidirectional fluid collection are adopted; for thick and medium-thick layers of lean ore, conventional well placement and unidirectional fluid collection are adopted; and for thin layers of lean ore, mining is temporarily suspended. Based on the well network deployment strategy, a preliminary well topology design is carried out; Based on the preliminary design, the well layout unit is further designed: the injection well is a shallow well, used only for injection; the injection-extraction integrated well is a medium or deep well, with both injection and extraction functions; the field control monitoring well is a medium or deep well, used to monitor the leaching fluid inside the ore body. The system collects and analyzes in real time the water level parameters, pore water pressure, key ion concentration parameters, specific impurity ion concentrations, conductivity, and redox potential of the leachate, and dynamically adjusts the injection head and leaching solution concentration.

2. The well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time acquisition and analysis of leachate parameters such as water level, pore water pressure, key ion concentration, specific impurity ion concentration, conductivity, and redox potential, and the dynamic control of injection head and leaching solution concentration, include: Injection wells use low-concentration ammonium-free leaching solution; in integrated injection and extraction wells, medium-sized wells use low-concentration conventional leaching solution mixed with dyeing tracer, while deep wells use high-concentration conventional leaching solution. Real-time monitoring of the water level parameters of the leachate in the injection-extraction integrated well is conducted to assess the dynamics of the horizontal wetting line of the leachate around the intermediate and deep wells, thereby achieving preliminary control of the injection head. The injection-extraction integrated well adopts a dual-channel structure, with pumping at the top and injection at the bottom, and physical isolation in the middle. When the water level in the upper part of the middle well rises to the initial injection head of the shallow well, the pumping system is automatically triggered until the water level falls back to the bottom elevation of the shallow well. The pumped leachate is then discharged into the collection ditch along the slope through the pumping pipeline network. When the water level in the upper part of the deep well rises to the median of the initial injection heads of the shallow and intermediate wells, the pumping system is automatically triggered until the water level falls back to the bottom elevation of the middle well. The pumped leachate is then discharged into the collection ditch along the slope through the pumping pipeline network. Real-time monitoring of pore water pressure in the ore body where the integrated injection and pumping well is located is used to assess the slope instability risk of the ore body surrounding the intermediate and deep wells, and to achieve precise control of the injection head: when the pore water pressure head of the intermediate well reaches 95% of the initial injection head of the shallow well, the pumping system is activated, and the injection head of the shallow well is reduced, thereby reducing the pore water pressure in the ore body and preventing shallow landslides induced by injection or rainfall infiltration; when the pore water pressure head of the deep well rises to the arithmetic mean of the initial injection heads of the shallow and intermediate wells, the pumping system is activated, and the injection head of the intermediate well is reduced, thereby reducing the pore water pressure in the ore body and simultaneously adjusting the injection head of the deep well to ensure the linkage of well group parameters; Real-time monitoring of key ion concentration parameters of the leaching solution in the field control monitoring wells is conducted to assess the rare earth leaching rate of the leaching solution in the horizontal direction in shallow and medium-sized wells, thereby achieving the main control of the leaching solution concentration. Based on the key ion concentration data, and combined with the ore body quality, ore body grade, and elemental composition, the rare earth leaching rate LR1 of the leaching solution horizontally migrates from the shallow well to the control area of ​​the medium-sized well is calculated. The calculation formula is as follows: ； ； in, C 1 represents the total rare earth ion concentration at the well site, in g / L. V 1 represents the total volume of the leaching solution in the upper part of the well, in liters (L). M mctr1 It refers to the orebody mass in the shallow well area controlled by the central well, expressed in tons (t). G mr This represents the total rare earth grade of the ore body in the Zhongjing controlled area, expressed in % (%). C m,i It is the first Nakai department i The concentration of rare earth elements; ω i It is the first i The rare earth element components are expressed in percentages of %. The deep well adopts a dual-channel structure design. The upper part of the deep well is used to analyze the rare earth leaching rate LR2 of the leaching solution that flows horizontally from the shallow well, bypasses the intermediate well, and reaches the deep well control area. The calculation formula is as follows: ； ； in, C 2 represents the total rare earth ion concentration in the upper part of the deep well, in g / L; V 2 represents the total volume of the leaching solution in the upper part of the deep well, in liters (L). M dctr1 It refers to the ore body mass in the shallow well area controlled by the deep well, expressed in tons (t). G dr This represents the total rare earth grade of the ore body in the deep well controlled area, expressed in % (%). C d,i It is the upper part of Fukai. i The concentration of rare earth elements; ω i It is the first i The rare earth element components are expressed in percentages of %. The rare earth leaching rate LR3, specifically used in the lower part of the deep well for quantifying the horizontal migration of leaching solution from the intermediate well to the deep well control zone, is calculated using the following formula: ； ； in, C 3 represents the total rare earth ion concentration in the lower part of the deep well, in g / L; V 3 represents the total volume of the leaching solution in the lower part of the deep well, in liters (L). M dctr2 It refers to the ore body mass of the well area controlled by the deep well, expressed in tons (t). G dr This represents the total rare earth grade of the ore body in the deep well controlled area, expressed in % (%). C d,j It is the lower part of the deep well. j The concentration of rare earth elements; ω j It is the first j One rare earth element component, % The concentration of the shallow well leaching solution in the well control zone is dynamically adjusted based on the changes in LR1 and LR2 data: when the sum of LR1 and LR2 decreases from its peak value, the concentration of the shallow well leaching solution is reduced; when the sum of LR1 and LR2 decreases to a constant value, top water injection is switched; when... C 1 and C When the total concentration of 2 is less than 0.1 g / L, the injection should be terminated; By analyzing the changes in LR3 data, the concentration of the leaching solution in the intermediate wells within the deep well control zone is dynamically adjusted, and the concentration of the leaching solution in the deep wells is adjusted simultaneously: when LR3 decreases from its peak value, the concentrations of the leaching solutions in both the intermediate and deep wells are reduced; when LR3 remains constant, both the intermediate and deep wells switch to top water injection; when... C 3. When the concentration is below 0.1 g / L, terminate the injection. Real-time monitoring of specific impurity ion concentrations, conductivity, and redox potential parameters of the leachate in field-controlled monitoring wells allows for the diagnosis of leaching agent consumption and residue levels in shallow and medium-sized wells. It also assesses the horizontal permeability of the leachate in medium and deep wells, enabling auxiliary control of the leaching solution concentration. Based on the concentration variation pattern of specific impurity ions, the consumption of leaching agent in the horizontal direction in shallow and medium wells is accurately quantified. By analyzing real-time abnormal fluctuations in electrical conductivity, it is possible to determine whether there are preferential flow channels or excessive residual leaching agent in the shallow-to-medium-depth, shallow-to-deep, and medium-to-deep wells. By synchronously tracking the dynamic changes in redox potential, we can diagnose the risk of colloidal blockage in ore body pores and reveal the causes of preferential flow. After determining the preferred flow and blockage areas, inter-well resistivity tomography survey lines are laid out and repeated measurements are performed periodically. Based on the measurement data, a two-dimensional resistivity profile image of the inter-well ore body is generated through numerical inversion. Then, by comparing the images from different periods, the dominant migration path of the leaching fluid and the evolution of the blockage area are dynamically tracked.

3. The well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals according to claim 2, characterized in that, Low-concentration ammonium-free leaching solutions use 1%~2% magnesium sulfate, low-concentration conventional leaching solutions use 1%~2% ammonium sulfate, and high-concentration conventional leaching solutions use 2%~3% ammonium sulfate.

4. The well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals according to claim 2, characterized in that, The field control monitoring well is a medium- or deep well, used for monitoring the leachate inside the ore body, including: At least one field control monitoring well shall be installed in each mining area, and one well shall be installed at the connection point between different mining areas, for a total of no less than three wells.

5. The well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preliminary design of well topology based on the well network deployment strategy includes: The preliminary design includes multiple well groups, each of which includes injection wells, integrated injection and extraction wells, and field control observation wells. The horizontal projection of the well groups is a double-layer regular polygon structure, and planar tiling is achieved by combining one or more regular polygons.

6. The well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals according to claim 5, characterized in that, The double-layer regular polygonal structure includes a regular quadrilateral, a regular hexagon, or a regular octagon.

7. The well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium-well control zone is a polyhedral unit consisting of a medium-well and several adjacent shallow wells, while the deep-well control zone is a polyhedral unit consisting of a deep well and several adjacent medium-wells or shallow wells.

8. The well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weathering crust structure features include a soil layer and a completely weathered layer.

9. The well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The staggered layout requires the wells to be staggered, and the well depth is divided into shallow wells, medium wells, and deep wells according to the depth of mineralization. The bottom of the corresponding wells is located in the upper, middle and lower layers of the fully weathered layer, respectively. In contrast, the conventional layout specifies that the well depth is 0.5 to 1m when mineralization is encountered.

10. The well pattern design method for green mining of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unidirectional liquid collection is carried out from the bottom of the ion-adsorption rare earth ore through diversion holes and tunnels; the bidirectional liquid collection includes liquid collection from the bottom of the ore body and liquid collection from the upper part of the ion-adsorption system ore through an integrated injection and extraction well.

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