Hydraulic support for potassic salt ore

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydraulic support for potassic salt ore. The hydraulic support comprises a top protection plate, two supporting jacks, two arc-shaped side protection plates, two side protection drivers, a gap bridge plate and a pin shaft. The top protection plate is arranged at the tops of the two supporting jacks; the two arc-shaped side protection plates are hinged to the two sides of the top protection plate, the two side protection drivers are installed at the bottom of the top protection plate, and the two side protection drivers are connected with the two arc-shaped side protection plates correspondingly so as to drive the two arc-shaped side protection plates to rotate in the vertical plane; the two ends of the gap bridge plate are provided with long-strip-shaped holes extending in the vertical direction, and the long-strip-shaped holes in the two ends of the gap bridge plate are connected with the bases of the two supporting jacks through the pin shafts correspondingly, and the gap bridge plate has the beneficial effects that stable supporting can be continuously provided, unstable supporting caused by unevenness of the bottom plate is avoided, and the stability and reliability of the whole hydraulic supporting system are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and more particularly to a hydraulic support system for potash mines. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of potash mining, hydraulic support equipment is a key piece of equipment to ensure safe and efficient mining operations. Potash mines have unique geological conditions, with rock strata mainly consisting of broken gypsum and karst. As a result, the cross-section of the tunnels is often designed in an arch shape (such as a semi-circular arch, a three-centered arch, or a horseshoe shape), with vertical or slightly inclined sides. This design utilizes the mechanical advantages of the arch structure to effectively disperse roof pressure and ensure tunnel stability.

[0003] Currently, the cross-sectional shape of coal mine working face roadways is mostly trapezoidal or rectangular. These roadways require hard and stable rock strata (such as sandstone and limestone), have high cross-sectional utilization, and are convenient for arranging transportation equipment and pipelines, but have weak compressive strength and are not suitable for high-stress or fractured strata. Traditional hydraulic support equipment is mostly designed to adapt to rectangular or trapezoidal roadways. In rectangular or trapezoidal roadways, the top and side plates of traditional hydraulic support equipment can fit well against the roadway wall, achieving effective support. However, in arched roadways, traditional top plates cannot fit tightly and completely against the arched roof. Due to the curvature of the arched roof, there will be a large gap between the traditional flat top plate and the roof, resulting in some areas of the roof not being effectively supported, greatly increasing the risk of roof collapse and posing a serious threat to the lives of underground workers. Moreover, traditional top plates are fixed with bolts, which involves many installation steps, has a high probability of damage, low strength, and is prone to being unable to be removed due to damage and corrosion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a hydraulic support for potash mines, which solves the technical problem that the prior art cannot be applied to potash mine roadways and poses safety hazards.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0008] This invention provides a hydraulic support system for potash mines, comprising a top support plate, two support jacks, two arc-shaped side support plates, two side support actuators, a bridge plate, and pins. The top support plate is disposed on top of the two support jacks. The two arc-shaped side support plates are hinged to both sides of the top support plate, and the two side support actuators are installed at the bottom of the top support plate. The two side support actuators are respectively connected to the two arc-shaped side support plates to drive the two arc-shaped side support plates to rotate in a vertical plane to conform to the sidewall of the potash mine tunnel. The bridge plate has elongated holes extending through its thickness direction at both ends. The length direction of the elongated holes is vertical, and the elongated holes at both ends are respectively hinged to two bases of the support jacks by pins. The two bases can slide and be misaligned within the elongated holes by pins to adapt to various potash mine tunnel floor plates.

[0009] Optionally, the arc-shaped side guard plate includes a first side guard plate, a second side guard plate, and a rotary actuator; one side of the first side guard plate is hinged to the top guard plate, and the side guard actuator is connected to the bottom of the first side guard plate; the second side guard plate is installed on the other side of the first side guard plate by the rotary actuator, which can drive the second side guard plate to rotate in a vertical plane to fit the side wall of the potash mine tunnel; the outer surfaces of the first and second side guard plates are covered with a corrosion-resistant flexible rubber layer to prevent the salt from potash mine from penetrating.

[0010] Optionally, at least two first side lugs are provided on one side of the first side guard plate, and at least two embedded first mounting lugs are provided on the top guard plate accordingly; the two first side lugs of the first side guard plate are hinged to the two first mounting lugs of the top guard plate by connecting pins.

[0011] Optionally, a grease channel extending along the length of the connecting pin is provided inside the connecting pin, and multiple permeation holes are uniformly arranged on the surface of the connecting pin; the permeation holes and the grease channel are connected; the grease channel is filled with a water-resistant lubricant suitable for the high humidity environment of potash mines.

[0012] Optionally, the outer surface of the connecting pin is provided with a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy layer.

[0013] Optionally, the bridge plate includes two first segments, two rotating joints, and a second segment; one end of each of the two first segments is connected to both ends of the second segment via the two rotating joints respectively; the other end of each of the two first segments is provided with an elongated hole, and the elongated holes of the two first segments are respectively connected to the bases of two supporting jacks via pins.

[0014] Optionally, the rotating pair includes two connecting forks, a cross shaft, and a bearing assembly; the cross shaft is connected to the two connecting forks via the bearing assembly; the two connecting forks are respectively connected to the first segment and the second segment.

[0015] Optionally, a telescopic component is provided on the first segment; the first segment is connected to the connecting fork via the telescopic component.

[0016] Optionally, the telescopic assembly includes a spline shaft, a spline sleeve, and a spring; the spline sleeve is slidably fitted onto the spline shaft, and the spring is disposed between the spline shaft and the spline sleeve; the first segment is connected to the spline shaft and is connected to the connecting fork via the spline sleeve.

[0017] Optionally, a damper is provided between the two connecting forks; the damper is filled with a silicone-based damping fluid with a kinematic viscosity temperature index ≤90 to adapt to extreme temperature fluctuations under potash mines.

[0018] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] This invention provides a hydraulic support system for potash mines. Through the cooperation of two arc-shaped side plates and a top plate, a continuous and complete support system is formed on the top and sides of the roadway. This system can conform to the roof and sidewalls of the arched roadway, minimizing unsupported areas and effectively preventing collapse accidents caused by local instability. It provides comprehensive safety protection for underground workers and equipment. During mining, the sidewalls are prone to deformation. The arc-shaped side plates rotate under the action of the side plate actuator, adjusting their angle in a timely manner and maintaining good contact with the deformed sidewalls, continuously providing stable support. The elongated holes and pins at both ends of the bridge plate connect to the bases of two support jacks. The pins can slide vertically within the elongated holes, allowing the support jacks to adaptively adjust their positions. This not only accommodates the uneven floor of the potash mine roadway during installation but also maintains good support during mining when the roadway floor becomes uneven, preventing instability caused by uneven floor surfaces and enhancing the stability and reliability of the entire hydraulic support system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hydraulic support for a potash mine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped side guard plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped side guard plate installed on the top guard plate according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a side view schematic diagram of the arc-shaped side guard plate of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bridge plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic component of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0028] 1: Top guard plate; 11: First mounting ear plate; 2: Support jack; 3: Arc-shaped side guard plate; 31: First side guard plate; 32: Second side guard plate; 33: Rotary actuator; 34: First side ear plate; 4: Side guard actuator; 5: Bridge plate; 51: First segment; 52: Second segment; 53: Connecting fork; 54: Spline shaft; 55: Spline sleeve; 56: Spring. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention can be understood more clearly and thoroughly, and that the scope of the present invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a hydraulic support for potash mines, including a top support plate 1, two supporting jacks 2, two arc-shaped side support plates 3, two side support actuators 4, a bridge plate 5, and pins. The top support plate 1 is disposed on the top of the two supporting jacks 2. The two arc-shaped side support plates 3 are hinged to both sides of the top support plate 1. The two side support actuators 4 are installed at the bottom of the top support plate 1 and are respectively connected to the two arc-shaped side support plates 3 to drive the two arc-shaped side support plates 3 to rotate in a vertical plane to fit against the side wall of the potash mine roadway. The bridge plate 5 has elongated holes at both ends that penetrate the thickness direction of the bridge plate. The length direction of the elongated holes is vertical, and the elongated holes at both ends are respectively hinged to the two bases of the supporting jacks 2 by pins. The two bases can slide and be misaligned in the elongated holes by pins to adapt to various potash mine roadway floor plates.

[0032] Specifically, through the cooperation of two arc-shaped side guard plates 3 and the top guard plate 1, a continuous and complete support system is formed on the top and sides of the roadway. This system can fit the roof and sidewalls of the arched roadway, minimizing unsupported areas and effectively preventing collapse accidents caused by local instability, providing comprehensive safety protection for underground workers and equipment. During mining, the sidewalls are prone to deformation. The arc-shaped side guard plates 3 rotate under the action of the side guard actuator 4, adjusting their angle in a timely manner and maintaining good contact with the deformed sidewalls, continuously providing stable support. The elongated holes and pins at both ends of the bridge plate 5 connect the bases of the two support jacks 2. The pins can slide vertically within the elongated holes, allowing the support jacks 2 to adaptively adjust their positions. This ensures that the system can handle the uneven floor of the potash mine roadway during installation and maintain good support during mining when the roadway floor becomes uneven, avoiding instability caused by uneven floor and enhancing the stability and reliability of the entire hydraulic support system.

[0033] Example 2:

[0034] This embodiment provides a hydraulic support for potash mines, which includes all the structures of the hydraulic support in Embodiment 1.

[0035] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, the arc-shaped side guard plate 3 includes a first side guard plate 31, a second side guard plate 32, and a rotary actuator 33; one side of the first side guard plate 31 is hinged to the top guard plate 1, and the side guard actuator 4 is connected to the bottom of the first side guard plate 31; the second side guard plate 32 is installed on the other side of the first side guard plate 31 through the rotary actuator 33, and the rotary actuator 33 can drive the second side guard plate 32 to rotate in the vertical plane to fit the side wall of the potash mine tunnel; and the outer surfaces of the first side guard plate 31 and the second side guard plate 32 are covered with a corrosion-resistant flexible rubber layer to prevent the salt of the potash mine from penetrating. During operation, the angle of the first side guard plate 31 is adjusted by the side guard drive 4, and the angle of the second side guard plate 32 is adjusted by the rotary drive 33. The first side guard plate 31 and the second side guard plate 32 work together to better adapt to the complex and varied sidewall shapes of potash mine roadways. Especially when encountering local depressions or protrusions, the second side guard plate 32 can be rotated independently by the rotary drive 33 to closely fit the uneven sidewall, improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the support, and enhance the protection capability of the roadway sidewall.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 3As shown, at least two first side lugs 34 are provided on one side of the first side guard plate 31, and at least two embedded first mounting lugs 11 are correspondingly provided on the top guard plate 1; the two first side lugs 34 of the first side guard plate 31 are hinged to the two first mounting lugs 11 of the top guard plate 1 by connecting pins. The multiple connection points are evenly distributed, which can effectively disperse the force on the side guard plate, ensure the stability of the side guard plate during rotation, and prevent local stress concentration when subjected to pressure from the side wall, thus extending the service life of the connection between the side guard plate and the top guard plate 1.

[0037] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a grease channel extending along the length of the connecting pin is formed within the connecting pin, and multiple permeation holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the connecting pin. The grease channel is filled with a water-resistant lubricant suitable for the high humidity environment of potash mines. The permeation holes and the grease channel are connected, allowing the grease to evenly penetrate the surface of the connecting pin, reducing friction between the connecting pin and the ear plate. During long-term use, this reduces wear and prevents the connecting pin from jamming or being damaged due to excessive friction, thereby ensuring smooth rotation of the side guard plate, reducing equipment maintenance frequency, and improving equipment operating efficiency.

[0038] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the outer surface of the connecting pin is provided with a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy layer. One end of the connecting pin is provided with a tapered guide head, which guides the connecting pin to accurate alignment when it is inserted into the mounting hole of the ear plate, reducing installation difficulty and improving installation efficiency. Especially when working in confined downhole spaces, this can reduce installation time and lower the labor intensity for workers.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the bridge plate 5 includes two first segments 51, two revolute joints, and a second segment 52. One end of each of the two first segments 51 is connected to both ends of the second segment 52 via the two revolute joints. The other end of each of the two first segments 51 has an elongated hole, which is connected to the base of each of the two supporting jacks 2 via pins. The multi-segment bridge plate 5 formed by the first segments 51 and the second segments 52 can cope with various floor undulations in potash mine roadways, reduce stress concentration, ensure the stability of the supporting jacks 2 bases, and thus improve the stability and reliability of the entire hydraulic support system.

[0040] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the rotating joint includes two connecting forks 53, a cross shaft, and a bearing assembly; the cross shaft is connected to the two connecting forks 53 via the bearing assembly; the two connecting forks 53 are respectively connected to the first segment 51 and the second segment 52. The rotating joint enables the first segment 51 and the second segment 52 to rotate flexibly and quickly, effectively responding to changes in the floor of the potash mine tunnel and ensuring that the bridge plate 5 can effectively perform its connecting and supporting functions under various complex working conditions.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 The first segment 51 is equipped with a telescopic assembly; the first segment 51 is connected to the connecting fork 53 via the telescopic assembly. The telescopic assembly on the first segment 51 can adaptively adjust its length when the relative positions of the segments of the bridge plate 5 change. When uneven settlement occurs in the floor of the potash mine tunnel or displacement occurs between the segments due to other reasons, the telescopic assembly can buffer the stress caused by this change, preventing damage to the bridge plate 5 due to stress concentration, while ensuring the normal operation of the rotating joint and maintaining the stability of the entire bridge plate 5 structure. Specifically, the telescopic assembly includes a spline shaft 54, a spline sleeve 55, and a spring 56; the spline sleeve 55 is slidably fitted on the spline shaft 54, and the spring 56 is disposed between the spline shaft 54 ​​and the spline sleeve 55; the first segment 51 is connected to the spline shaft 54 ​​and is connected to the connecting fork 53 via the spline sleeve 55. The cooperation between the spline shaft 54 ​​and the spline sleeve 55 in the telescopic assembly ensures the accuracy and stability of the telescopic movement, while the spring 56 provides elastic buffering. In practical operation, spring 56 can absorb the impact force generated by the change of the base plate, making the extension and retraction process more stable, protecting the structure of the bridge plate 5 from excessive impact, and further extending the service life of the bridge plate 5.

[0042] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a damper is provided between the two connecting forks 53 to effectively control the rotational speed and amplitude of the rotating pair. The damper is filled with a silicone-based damping fluid with a kinematic viscosity-temperature index ≤90 to adapt to extreme temperature fluctuations under potash mines. When the base plate experiences significant undulations or impacts, the damper prevents excessive rotation between the first segment 51 and the second segment 52, preventing structural damage due to excessive rotation. This makes the deformation of the bridge plate 5 more controllable, enhancing the safety and reliability of the entire hydraulic support system.

[0043] The hydraulic support system for potash mines provided in this embodiment is used as follows: During installation, two support jacks 2 are first placed on the floor of the potash mine roadway. Based on the undulations of the roadway floor, the base plates of the two support jacks 2 are adaptively adjusted using pins and elongated holes to ensure stable support in the roadway. Simultaneously, the angle of the first section 51 is adjusted by a rotating pair, and the axial position of the first section 51 is adaptively adjusted by a telescopic component to adapt to the undulations of the potash mine floor and reduce stress concentration. During mining, the support jacks 2 drive the top protection plate 1 to abut against the roadway roof. Depending on the roadway sidewall conditions, the side protection driver 4 and the rotary driver 33 respectively drive the first side protection plate 31 and the second side protection plate to rotate and abut against the roadway sidewall. The top protection plate 1, the first side protection plate 31, and the second side protection plate 32 provide all-around support and protection for the potash mine roadway, effectively preventing sidewall collapse and ensuring the safe operation of mining. During mining, the floor and sidewalls of potash mine tunnels may dynamically change with the progress of mining, potentially leading to localized subsidence or new protrusions. By sliding and rotating a pin within a corresponding elongated hole, the base of the supporting jack 2 adapts to the dynamic changes in the potash mine tunnel floor. Simultaneously, the side support actuator 4 and the rotary actuator 33 drive the first side support plate 31 and the second side support plate 32 respectively to adapt to changes in the sidewalls of the potash mine tunnel, ensuring stable support for the potash mine tunnel at all times.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0045] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," or "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," or "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0047] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic support system for potash mines, characterized in that, It includes a top guard plate (1), two supporting jacks (2), two arc-shaped side guard plates (3), two side guard actuators (4), and a bridge plate (5); The top guard plate (1) is set on the top of the two supporting jacks (2); the two arc-shaped side guard plates (3) are hinged to the two sides of the top guard plate (1), and the two side guard actuators (4) are installed at the bottom of the top guard plate (1). The two side guard actuators (4) are respectively connected to the two arc-shaped side guard plates (3) to drive the two arc-shaped side guard plates (3) to rotate in the vertical plane to fit the side wall of the potash mine roadway. The bridge plate (5) has long holes extending vertically at both ends, and the long holes at both ends are respectively hinged to the two bases of the supporting jack (2) by pins. The two bases can slide in the long holes to achieve misalignment, so as to adapt to the bottom plate of various potash mine roadways.

2. The hydraulic support for potash mines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped side guard plate (3) includes a first side guard plate (31), a second side guard plate (32), and a rotary actuator (33); One side of the first side guard plate (31) is hinged to the top guard plate (1), and the side guard drive (4) is connected to the bottom of the first side guard plate (31); the second side guard plate (32) is installed on the other side of the first side guard plate (31) by a rotary drive (33), and the rotary drive (33) can drive the second side guard plate (32) to rotate in the vertical plane to fit the side wall of the potash mine tunnel; The outer surfaces of the first side guard plate (31) and the second side guard plate (32) are covered with a corrosion-resistant flexible rubber layer to prevent the salt from penetrating the potash mine.

3. The hydraulic support for potash mines as described in claim 2, characterized in that, At least two first side ear plates (34) are provided on one side of the first side guard plate (31), and at least two embedded first mounting ear plates (11) are provided on the top guard plate (1); the two first side ear plates (34) of the first side guard plate (31) are hinged to the two first mounting ear plates (11) of the top guard plate (1) by connecting pins.

4. The hydraulic support for potash mines as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting pin has a grease channel extending along its length, and multiple penetration holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the connecting pin; the penetration holes and the grease channel are connected. The grease channels are filled with a water-resistant lubricant suitable for the high humidity environment of potash mines.

5. The hydraulic support for potash mines as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The outer surface of the connecting pin is coated with a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy layer.

6. The hydraulic support for potash mines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bridge plate (5) includes two first segments (51), two revolute joints, and a second segment (52); One end of each of the two first segments (51) is connected to the two ends of the second segment (52) through two revolute joints respectively; The other ends of the two first segments (51) are provided with elongated holes, and the elongated holes of the two first segments (51) are respectively connected to the bases of the two supporting jacks (2) by pins.

7. The hydraulic support for potash mines as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The rotating pair includes two connecting forks (53), a cross shaft, and a bearing assembly; The cross shaft is connected to two connecting forks (53) via a bearing assembly; Two connecting forks (53) connect the first segment (51) and the second segment (52) respectively.

8. The hydraulic support for potash mines as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first segment (51) is equipped with a telescopic component; The first segment (51) is connected to the connecting fork (53) via a telescopic assembly.

9. The hydraulic support for potash mines as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The telescopic assembly includes a spline shaft (54), a spline sleeve (55), and a spring (56); The spline sleeve (55) is slidably fitted onto the spline shaft (54), and the spring (56) is disposed between the spline shaft (54) and the spline sleeve (55); The first segment (51) is connected to the spline shaft (54) and is connected to the connecting fork (53) via the spline sleeve (55).

10. The hydraulic support for potash mines as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A damper is provided between the two connecting forks (53); The damper is filled with a silicone-based damping fluid with a kinematic viscosity temperature index ≤90 to adapt to extreme temperature fluctuations under potash mines.

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