Dehumidification and heat preservation system for mine main ventilation unit

Abstract

The invention discloses a dehumidification and heat preservation system for a mine main ventilation unit, and relates to the technical field of mine ventilation and waste heat utilization. The system is applied to a main ventilator unit provided with a first main ventilator and a second main ventilator which are used and standby, and an outlet of each main ventilator is connected with a diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber; the system comprises a dehumidification and heat preservation device communicated with pressure equalizing chambers of two diffusion towers; when one main ventilator serves as a running ventilator, the device extracts part of damp and hot return air from the pressure equalizing chamber corresponding to the running ventilator, heat of the return air is used for heating external dry and cold air, and the heated dry and hot air is fed into the pressure equalizing chamber corresponding to the standby ventilator; and when the operation state of the main ventilator is switched, the process is carried out reversely. And waste heat is used for preventing the standby fan from freezing, energy is saved, efficiency is high, and mine ventilation safety is guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine ventilation and waste heat utilization, and particularly relates to a dehumidification and heat preservation system for a mine main ventilation unit. BACKGROUND

[0002] In mine production, in order to ensure the safety of underground operation and the environment, it is necessary to continuously and uninterruptedly mechanically ventilate the mine. Therefore, the ground main ventilation system of a large mine usually configures two main ventilators, and adopts a "one-use-one-backup" operation mode to ensure that the standby ventilator can be quickly started when the main ventilator fails or needs to be repaired, so as to ensure the continuity and reliability of ventilation.

[0003] In mines in cold regions such as the north, in order to save energy and prevent the inhaled cold air from causing the air inlet shaft to freeze in winter, a mine return air waste heat utilization system is generally used. The system transfers the heat carried by a large amount of constant-temperature, high-humidity return air (waste air) discharged from the underground to the outdoor fresh dry cold air through a heat exchange device, and the heated fresh air is then sent into the underground. When implementing such a waste heat utilization scheme, a diffusion tower and a pressure equalization chamber are usually arranged at the outlets of the two main ventilators for collecting and guiding the humid and hot return air flow. However, the combination of this "one-use-one-backup" operation mode and the return air waste heat utilization system will cause a serious technical problem when operating in winter. Although the standby main ventilator is in a shutdown state, its internal space is connected to the high-temperature and high-humidity return air flow discharged by the main ventilator that is operating. Therefore, the inside of the standby main ventilator is also filled with humid and hot air. Under the condition of extremely cold outdoor environment temperature far below zero, the huge temperature difference between the inside and outside of the standby main ventilator will cause the humid and hot air inside to rapidly condense and freeze on components such as the fan blades, the motor, and the inner wall of the machine shell.

[0004] According to relevant safety regulations, the standby main ventilator must be in good condition at all times to ensure that it can be successfully started within 10 minutes after receiving an instruction. However, the icing phenomenon inside the machine body will increase the starting resistance, and may even cause the blades to be frozen and unable to rotate, so that the standby machine cannot be started on time in an emergency, thereby constituting a major production safety hazard. In order to solve this problem, the prior art usually adopts methods such as winding an electric heating belt on the fan shell, building a heat preservation workshop for the ventilator and heating it, or relying on artificial regular inspection and deicing, which not only increases a large amount of equipment investment and energy consumption, but also increases the operation and maintenance cost and management difficulty. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application relates to the technical field of mine ventilation and waste heat utilization, and particularly relates to a dehumidification and heat preservation system for a mine main ventilation unit. The embodiment of the present application provides a dehumidification and heat preservation system for a mine main ventilation unit, the mine main ventilation unit comprises a first main ventilation machine and a second main ventilation machine which are communicated with respective return air shafts, an outlet of the first main ventilation machine is connected with a first diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber, an outlet of the second main ventilation machine is connected with a second diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber, and the dehumidification and heat preservation system further comprises a diffusion tower communication dehumidification and heat preservation device which is communicated with the first diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber and the second diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber; the diffusion tower communication dehumidification and heat preservation device is configured to: when the first main ventilation machine is used as a running ventilation machine and the second main ventilation machine is used as a standby ventilation machine, a part of hot and humid return air is extracted from the first diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber, heat of the hot and humid return air is used to heat external dry and cold air, and the heated dry and hot air is sent into the second diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber; and when the second main ventilation machine is used as a running ventilation machine and the first main ventilation machine is used as a standby ventilation machine, a part of hot and humid return air is extracted from the second diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber, heat of the hot and humid return air is used to heat external dry and cold air, and the heated dry and hot air is sent into the first diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber.

[0006] Preferably, the diffusion tower communication dehumidification and heat preservation device comprises a working medium phase change heat exchange device.

[0007] Preferably, the working medium phase change heat exchange device comprises an evaporation section for heat exchange with the hot and humid return air and a condensation section for heat exchange with the external dry and cold air.

[0008] Preferably, the diffusion tower communication dehumidification and heat preservation device further comprises: a first return air passage for communicating the first diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber with the working medium phase change heat exchange device; and a second return air passage for communicating the second diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber with the working medium phase change heat exchange device; the first return air passage and the second return air passage are respectively provided with first return air control components and second return air control components which can selectively open or close the first return air passage and the second return air passage.

[0009] Preferably, the first return air control components comprise a first air valve and a first air fan; and the second return air control components comprise a third air valve and a third air fan.

[0010] Preferably, the diffusion tower communication dehumidification and heat preservation device further comprises: a first dry and hot air passage for communicating the working medium phase change heat exchange device with the first diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber; and a second dry and hot air passage for communicating the working medium phase change heat exchange device with the second diffusion tower pressure equalizing chamber; the first dry and hot air passage and the second dry and hot air passage are respectively provided with first dry and hot air control components and second dry and hot air control components which can selectively open or close the first dry and hot air passage or the second dry and hot air passage.

[0011] Preferably, the first dry and hot air control components comprise a second air valve and a second air fan; and the second dry and hot air control components comprise a fourth air valve and a fourth air fan.

[0012] Preferably, the evaporating section has a first return air inlet for receiving the wet and hot return air from the first diffusion tower plenum and a second return air inlet for receiving the wet and hot return air from the second diffusion tower plenum, and shares one return air outlet; the condensing section has a fresh air inlet for receiving the external dry and cold air, and has a first fresh air outlet for delivering the dry and hot air to the second diffusion tower plenum and a second fresh air outlet for delivering the dry and hot air to the first diffusion tower plenum.

[0013] Preferably, when the first main fan is the running fan and the second main fan is the standby fan, the first air valve, the first fan, the fourth air valve and the fourth fan are opened, and the second air valve, the second fan, the third air valve and the third fan are closed, so as to transfer the heat of the wet and hot return air drawn from the first diffusion tower plenum to the external dry and cold air, and send the heated dry and hot air into the second diffusion tower plenum.

[0014] Preferably, when the second main fan is the running fan and the first main fan is the standby fan, the third air valve, the third fan, the second air valve and the second fan are opened, and the first air valve, the first fan, the fourth air valve and the fourth fan are closed, so as to transfer the heat of the wet and hot return air drawn from the second diffusion tower plenum to the external dry and cold air, and send the heated dry and hot air into the first diffusion tower plenum.

[0015] Preferably, the diffusion tower communication dehumidification and heat preservation device is configured to heat the external dry and cold air to above 2°C.

[0016] Preferably, the first diffusion tower plenum and the second diffusion tower plenum are further respectively communicated with a return air duct through a first round shift conversion air valve and a second round shift conversion air valve, and the return air duct guides the wet and hot return air to a main heat exchange module for shaft anti-freezing.

[0017] Preferably, the first diffusion tower plenum and the second diffusion tower plenum are further respectively provided with a first seasonal conversion air valve and a second seasonal conversion air valve.

[0018] Advantages: This invention provides a dehumidification and insulation system for main ventilation units in mines, cleverly utilizing some of the waste heat discharged by the main ventilation fans in the mine return air waste heat recovery system. By setting up a dehumidification and insulation device connecting the pressure equalization chambers of the diffusion towers of the two main ventilation fans, this heat, which would otherwise be wasted, is used to heat the dry, cold air outside. The heated dry, hot air is then actively and continuously sent into the standby main ventilation fan, which is in a shutdown state. This solution fundamentally solves the technical problem in the prior art where standby main ventilation fans condense and freeze in low-temperature winter environments due to the presence of humid, hot air inside. It effectively maintains a dry and positive temperature inside the standby main ventilation fan, ensuring that its blades, motors, and other key components are always in good standby condition, thereby greatly improving the safety and reliability of the mine ventilation system. More importantly, this invention achieves "waste-to-waste treatment," eliminating the need for additional high-cost, high-energy-consumption measures such as electric heating, coal-fired heating, or the construction of insulated workshops, significantly reducing the system's operating and maintenance costs, and demonstrating significant energy-saving, environmental protection, and economic value. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a dehumidification and heat preservation system for a mine main ventilation unit proposed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a diffusion tower-connected dehumidification and heat preservation device proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working fluid phase change heat exchange device proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Attached reference numerals: 1. Underground mine shaft; 2. First main ventilation fan; 3. Second main ventilation fan; 4. Second diffusion tower equalization chamber; 5. Diffusion tower connected to dehumidification and insulation device; 6. First diffusion tower equalization chamber; 7. First seasonal switching air valve; 8. First rotating switching air valve; 9. Return air duct; 10. Second rotating switching air valve; 11. Second seasonal switching air valve; 12. Main heat exchange module; 13. Fresh air duct; 14. Inlet shaft; 5-1. First air valve; 5-2. First fan. ; 5-3, Working fluid phase change heat exchanger; 5-4, Third fan; 5-5, Third air valve; 5-6, Second air valve; 5-7, Second fan; 5-8, Fourth fan; 5-9, Fourth air valve; 5-3-1, Second return air inlet; 5-3-2, Return air outlet; 5-3-3, Evaporation section; 5-3-4, First return air inlet; 5-3-5, Condensation section; 5-3-6, Second fresh air outlet; 5-3-7, Fresh air inlet; 5-3-8, First fresh air outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention or the prior art, the invention will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure of the drawings is only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is for the purpose of helping to understand the invention, but does not constitute a limitation on the invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "set up" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., in the specification, claims, and drawings are used only for distinguishing descriptions and are not necessarily used to indicate or imply relative importance or a specific order.

[0024] Example This embodiment discloses a dehumidification and heat preservation system for a mine main ventilation unit. Please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 .

[0025] Reference Figure 1This figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dehumidification and heat preservation system for a main ventilation unit in a mine, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The system is built upon a complete mine ventilation and waste heat recovery infrastructure. The system serves underground mine 1. To ensure continuous and stable air circulation within underground mine 1, the surface ventilation system is equipped with two main ventilation fans, specifically defined in this embodiment as the first main ventilation fan 2 and the second main ventilation fan 3. According to mine safety regulations, these two main ventilation fans operate in a "one-in-use, one-out-of-use" mode. That is, at any given time, one main ventilation fan (the operating fan) is in operation, responsible for extracting the polluted exhaust air (i.e., hot and humid return air) from underground mine 1, while the other main ventilation fan (the standby fan) is in a standby state, ensuring that if the operating fan malfunctions or requires maintenance, it can be started and take over within the extremely short time required by regulations, thereby guaranteeing the absolute safety and uninterrupted operation of mine ventilation.

[0026] During the cold season, the return air extracted from underground mine shaft 1 has relatively constant temperature (usually between 15°C and 25°C) and near-saturated humidity, containing a large amount of usable heat energy. To recover and utilize this heat energy, and to prevent the cold air drawn in during winter from causing frost damage to the intake shaft 14, a main waste heat recovery loop is installed. The core device of this loop is the main heat exchange module 12. To effectively collect and guide the return air discharged from the main ventilators to the main heat exchange module 12, a diffusion tower equalization chamber is connected to the outlet of each main ventilator. Specifically, the outlet of the first main ventilator 2 is connected to the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6, while the outlet of the second main ventilator 3 is connected to the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4. The main function of the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4 and the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6 is to act as a buffer and flow stabilization chamber, collecting the high-speed airflow discharged from the main ventilators and providing a relatively uniform initial environment in terms of pressure and flow rate for its subsequent guidance and treatment.

[0027] The first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6 and the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4 are both connected to a common return air duct 9 via their respective independent control valve groups. Specifically, the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6 is connected to the return air duct 9 via a first-shift switching valve 8; the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4 is connected to the return air duct 9 via a second-shift switching valve 10. When a main ventilator, such as the first main ventilator 2, is in operation, its corresponding first-shift switching valve 8 will open, directing most of the hot and humid return air from the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6 into the return air duct 9, and ultimately delivering it to the main heat exchange module 12.

[0028] The main heat exchange module 12 is a large-scale air-to-air heat exchange device. When the hot, humid return air carrying heat flows through its interior, it undergoes non-contact heat exchange with the extremely cold, dry fresh air drawn in from the outside through the fresh air duct 13. After absorbing the latent and sensible heat in the return air, the temperature of the dry, cold fresh air is significantly increased (e.g., from tens of degrees below zero to 2 degrees above freezing), and then it is safely delivered into the underground mine 1 through the intake shaft 14, thus achieving anti-freezing protection for the intake shaft 14. The return air, having completed the heat exchange and cooled down, is then discharged from the main heat exchange module 12 into the atmosphere.

[0029] In addition, to adapt to the operational needs of different seasons, the system is also equipped with seasonal switching dampers. A first seasonal switching damper 7 is installed on the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6, and a second seasonal switching damper 11 is installed on the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4. During warm seasons such as spring, summer, and autumn, when waste heat recovery is not required, these two seasonal switching dampers can be opened, allowing the return air exhausted from the main ventilation fan to be directly and with low resistance discharged into the atmosphere, thereby effectively reducing the operating resistance and energy consumption of the entire ventilation system.

[0030] However, the aforementioned conventional "one in use, one on standby" system structure with waste heat recovery presents a serious technical problem during winter operation: the main ventilation fan in standby mode, such as the second main ventilation fan 3, has its internal space connected to the entire system filled with high-temperature and high-humidity return air via the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4. This means that the interior of the standby second main ventilation fan 3 is also filled with high-temperature and high-humidity air from the underground mine 1. Under extremely cold conditions where the outdoor ambient temperature is far below zero degrees Celsius, there is a huge temperature difference between the inside and outside of the metal casing of the standby second main ventilation fan 3. This inevitably leads to a large amount of humid and hot air condensing and rapidly freezing on components such as the fan blades, bearings, motor, and inner walls. In severe cases, the icing can completely freeze the fan impeller, preventing it from starting quickly as required by regulations in an emergency, posing a significant safety hazard.

[0031] To fundamentally solve this technical problem in an energy-saving and environmentally friendly manner, the core innovation of this embodiment lies in the addition of a diffusion tower connected to a dehumidification and insulation device 5. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the diffusion tower connected to the dehumidification and insulation device 5 is horizontally connected to the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6 and the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4 in terms of physical structure, forming an independent and intelligent thermal management subsystem. Its core function is configured to: automatically utilize a small portion of the waste heat from the return air discharged by the currently operating main ventilation fan to heat the external dry and cold air according to the operating status of the main ventilation fan, and then precisely send the heated dry and hot air into the main ventilation fan that is currently in standby mode, thereby actively and continuously maintaining the dryness and positive temperature state inside the standby main ventilation fan.

[0032] Please refer to the following carefully. Figure 2 This figure details the internal structure of the diffusion tower-connected dehumidification and insulation device 5. The design of this device fully considers functional symmetry and reversibility to ensure that either the first main ventilator 2 or the second main ventilator 3 receives equally effective protection regardless of which one is used as a backup. The core component of this device is a high-efficiency working fluid phase change heat exchanger 5-3, around which all airflow organization and heat exchange take place. To precisely control the source, path, and destination of the airflow, the device has four independent airflow channels, each controlled by a combination of dampers and fans.

[0033] Specifically, the diffusion tower connected to the dehumidification and insulation device 5 includes: A first return air passage is provided, which connects the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6 to the working fluid phase change heat device 5-3. A first return air control assembly is provided on the first return air passage, which specifically includes a first air valve 5-1 for on / off control and a first fan 5-2 for providing airflow driving force.

[0034] A second return air passage connects the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4 to the working fluid phase change heat device 5-3. A second return air control assembly is installed on this second return air passage, specifically including a third air valve 5-5 and a third fan 5-4.

[0035] A first dry hot air passage is provided, which connects the working fluid phase change heat exchange device 5-3 to the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6. A first dry hot air control component is provided on the first dry hot air passage, which specifically includes a second air valve 5-6 and a second fan 5-7.

[0036] A second dry hot air passage is provided, which connects the working fluid phase change heat exchange device 5-3 to the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4. A second dry hot air control assembly is provided on the second dry hot air passage, which specifically includes a fourth air valve 5-9 and a fourth fan 5-8.

[0037] By logically combining and controlling these four groups of eight actuators (i.e., first air valve 5-1, first fan 5-2, third air valve 5-5, third fan 5-4, second air valve 5-6, second fan 5-7, fourth air valve 5-9, and fourth fan 5-8), the system can flexibly realize all the functions of extracting heat from the equalization chamber on one side and delivering the heated air to the equalization chamber on the other side.

[0038] Please refer to now. Figure 3The figure shows in detail the internal structure of the working fluid phase change heat exchange device 5-3, which serves as the core of the heat exchange. This embodiment preferably uses this type of heat pipe heat exchanger because it utilizes the latent heat of phase change of the working medium for heat transfer, exhibiting extremely high equivalent thermal conductivity, rapid thermal response, and excellent isothermal performance. The device is internally composed of a large array of independent, sealed metal tubes (i.e., heat pipes) evacuated internally and filled with a small amount of a specific working medium.

[0039] Structurally, the working fluid phase change heat exchanger 5-3 is clearly divided into two functional areas by a central partition: One evaporation section, 5-3-3, is the end of the heat pipe that absorbs heat. In this system, high-temperature, high-humidity return air drawn from the operating side equalization chamber flows through this area. The heat from the return air is transferred to the heat pipe, causing the working medium inside the pipe to boil and rapidly evaporate into high-temperature steam.

[0040] The heat pipe has a condensation section 5-3-5, which is the end that releases heat. High-temperature vapor inside the pipe flows at high speed to this area driven by a small saturated vapor pressure difference. When it encounters the cold, dry air flowing through this area, the vapor rapidly condenses into a liquid, releasing a significant amount of latent heat of vaporization in the process. This heat is efficiently transferred to the cold, dry air, significantly raising its temperature. The condensed liquid working fluid then automatically flows back to the evaporation section 5-3-3 by gravity or the capillary structure on the inner wall of the pipe, thus completing a full, efficient heat transfer cycle that requires no external power.

[0041] To perfectly match the requirements of bidirectional system operation, the interface layout of the working fluid phase change heat exchanger 5-3 has undergone a special symmetrical design, with clearly defined functions: The evaporation section 5-3-3 has a first return air inlet 5-3-4 for receiving hot and humid return air from the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6 and a second return air inlet 5-3-1 for receiving hot and humid return air from the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4, and shares a return air outlet 5-3-2.

[0042] The condensation section 5-3-5 has a fresh air inlet 5-3-7 for receiving external dry and cold air, and a first fresh air outlet 5-3-8 for supplying dry and hot air to the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4 and a second fresh air outlet 5-3-6 for supplying dry and hot air to the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6.

[0043] This symmetrical interface design of "two inlets and one outlet" and "one inlet and two outlets" seamlessly connects with the combined control logic of the four external air valves and fans, which is the key physical basis for realizing the reversibility of the five functions of the entire diffusion tower connected dehumidification and heat preservation device.

[0044] The following sections will illustrate the workflow and automatic control logic of the system provided in this embodiment through two typical operating conditions. It is assumed that the system is fully automatically controlled by a central programmable logic controller (PLC) or similar distributed control system.

[0045] Operating condition 1: When the first main ventilator 2 is in operation and the second main ventilator 3 is in standby operation.

[0046] When the system is in this operating condition, the central control system will perform the following series of coordinated operations: Operation of the main ventilation and waste heat recovery circuit: The control system confirms that the first main ventilation fan 2 is in operation, and then opens the first rotating switching air valve 8 while ensuring that the first seasonal switching air valve 7 is closed. The hot and humid return air from the underground mine 1 is forcefully extracted by the first main ventilation fan 2 and enters the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6 through its outlet. The majority of the return airflow passes through the opened first rotating switching air valve 8, enters the return air duct 9, and is transported to the main heat exchange module 12 to heat the incoming fresh air. Simultaneously, the control system ensures that the second rotating switching air valve 10 and the second seasonal switching air valve 11, associated with the standby second main ventilation fan 3, are both completely closed.

[0047] Start-up and operation of the diffusion tower connected to the dehumidification and insulation device 5: After detecting that the second main ventilation fan 3 is in standby mode, the control system immediately activates its dehumidification and heat preservation protection program.

[0048] Heat extraction stage: The control system issues a command to open the first air valve 5-1 on the first return air passage and start the first fan 5-2. A small stream of controlled-flow, humid, hot return air (accounting for only a small portion of the total return air volume) is actively extracted from the equalization chamber 6 of the first diffusion tower, enters through the first return air inlet 5-3-4 of the working fluid phase change heat exchanger 5-3 via the first return air passage, and flows through the evaporation section 5-3-3. During this process, the humid, hot return air efficiently transfers its contained heat to the heat pipes, its own temperature decreases, and some of the water vapor it contains condenses and precipitates. The cooled and dehumidified exhaust air is finally discharged into the atmosphere from the shared return air outlet 5-3-2.

[0049] Fresh air heating stage: Simultaneously, the control system issues another set of commands to open the fourth air valve 5-9 on the second dry hot air passage and start the fourth fan 5-8. The fourth fan 5-8 draws in low-temperature dry air from the external environment and enters the condensation section 5-3-5 of the working fluid phase change heat exchanger 5-3 through the fresh air inlet 5-3-7. As the dry cold air flows through the heat pipe array, it fully absorbs the heat transferred from the evaporation section 5-3-3, and its temperature is rapidly raised to above a safe target value (e.g., 2°C), thus transforming into dry hot air.

[0050] Dry and hot air delivery stage: The heated dry and hot air flows out from the first fresh air outlet 5-3-8, passes through the opened fourth air valve 5-9, and is precisely sent into the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4 under the drive of the fourth fan 5-8.

[0051] Thermal insulation and dehumidification are achieved as follows: The dry, hot air entering the equalizing chamber 4 of the second diffusion tower quickly fills the space and, through diffusion and natural convection, enters and replaces the original cold, humid air inside the standby second main ventilator 3. This continuous supply of dry, hot air not only maintains the internal temperature above freezing, but more importantly, due to its extremely low relative humidity, it effectively absorbs and removes residual moisture from the unit, fundamentally preventing condensation and icing. This ensures that the second main ventilator 3 is always in optimal, readily available standby condition.

[0052] Isolation of non-working pathways: Under this condition, to ensure the accuracy of airflow organization and system efficiency, the control system will ensure that all valves and fans in non-working pathways are closed or stopped. Specifically, the second air valve 5-6, the second fan 5-7, the third air valve 5-5, and the third fan 5-4 are all closed.

[0053] Operating Condition 2: When the second main ventilator 3 is in operation and the first main ventilator 2 is in standby operation.

[0054] When the mine rotates the main ventilation fan according to the production plan, the central control system will automatically detect the change in operating status and seamlessly switch to the reverse dehumidification and heat preservation mode.

[0055] Operation of the main ventilation and waste heat recovery circuit: The control system confirms that the second main ventilation fan 3 is in operation, and therefore opens the second rotating switching valve 10 and closes the second seasonal switching valve 11. Hot and humid return air enters the second diffusion tower equalization chamber 4 from the underground mine shaft 1 via the second main ventilation fan 3, then passes through the opened second rotating switching valve 10 into the return air duct 9, and is delivered to the main heat exchange module 12. The first rotating switching valve 8 and the first seasonal switching valve 7, associated with the standby first main ventilation fan 2, remain closed.

[0056] Reverse start-up and operation of the diffusion tower connected to the dehumidification and insulation device 5: After the control system detects that the first main ventilation fan 2 is in standby mode, it immediately initiates its dehumidification and heat preservation protection program.

[0057] Heat source extraction stage: The control system issues a command to open the third air valve 5-5 on the second return air passage and start the third fan 5-4. A small stream of hot and humid return air is then extracted from the equalization chamber 4 of the second diffusion tower, passes through the second return air passage, enters the evaporation section 5-3-3 of the working fluid phase change heat device 5-3 from the second return air inlet 5-3-1 for heat exchange, and is discharged from the return air outlet 5-3-2 after cooling and dehumidification.

[0058] Fresh air heating stage: Simultaneously, the control system opens the second air valve 5-6 on the first dry hot air passage and starts the second fan 5-7. External dry cold air is still drawn in from the shared fresh air inlet 5-3-7 and heated as it flows through the condenser section 5-3-5.

[0059] Dry and hot air delivery stage: The heated dry and hot air will flow out from the second fresh air outlet 5-3-6, and through the opened second air valve 5-6, it will be precisely sent into the first diffusion tower equalization chamber 6 under the drive of the second fan 5-7.

[0060] Thermal insulation and dehumidification effects are achieved: dry and hot air fills the pressure equalization chamber 6 of the first diffusion tower and the interior of the standby first main ventilation fan 2, continuously dehumidifying and insulating them to ensure that they are in good standby condition.

[0061] Isolation of non-working paths: Under this reverse operating condition, the control system ensures that the first air valve 5-1, the first fan 5-2, the fourth air valve 5-9, and the fourth fan 5-8 are all kept closed and stopped.

[0062] In summary, this embodiment utilizes a sophisticatedly designed, fully symmetrical, and automatically reversible diffusion tower connected to a dehumidification and insulation device 5. This fully leverages the residual heat resources inherent in mine return air, perfectly solving the significant safety hazard of icing in backup main ventilation fans during winter in large mine ventilation systems with "zero additional energy consumption." The system has a clear structure, well-defined control logic, and a high degree of automation, requiring no manual intervention. It not only ensures production safety but also brings significant energy savings and economic benefits.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dehumidification and heat preservation system for a mine main ventilation unit, the mine main ventilation unit comprising a first main ventilation fan (2) and a second main ventilation fan (3) connected to their respective return air shafts, wherein the outlet of the first main ventilation fan (2) is connected to a first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6), and the outlet of the second main ventilation fan (3) is connected to a second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4), characterized in that, The dehumidification and heat preservation system also includes a diffusion tower connected to a dehumidification and heat preservation device (5), which is connected to the first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6) and the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4). The diffusion tower connected to a dehumidification and heat preservation device (5) is configured to: when the first main fan (2) is the operating fan and the second main fan (3) is the standby fan, a portion of hot and humid return air is drawn from the first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6), the heat of the hot and humid return air is used to heat the external dry and cold air, and the heated dry and hot air is sent into the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4); and when the second main fan (3) is the operating fan and the first main fan (2) is the standby fan, a portion of hot and humid return air is drawn from the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4), the heat of the hot and humid return air is used to heat the external dry and cold air, and the heated dry and hot air is sent into the first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6).

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diffusion tower connected dehumidification and heat preservation device (5) includes a working fluid phase change heat exchange device (5-3); the working fluid phase change heat exchange device (5-3) includes an evaporation section (5-3-3) for heat exchange with the humid and hot return air and a condensation section (5-3-5) for heat exchange with the external dry and cold air.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The diffusion tower connecting dehumidification and heat preservation device (5) further includes: a first return air passage for connecting the first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6) with the working fluid phase change heat device (5-3); and a second return air passage for connecting the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4) with the working fluid phase change heat device (5-3); the first return air passage and the second return air passage are respectively provided with a first return air control component and a second return air control component that can selectively open or close the first return air passage and the second return air passage; the first return air control component includes a first air valve (5-1) and a first fan (5-2); the second return air control component includes a third air valve (5-5) and a third fan (5-4).

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diffusion tower connecting dehumidification and heat preservation device (5) further includes: a first dry hot air passage for connecting the working fluid phase change heat device (5-3) to the first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6); and a second dry hot air passage for connecting the working fluid phase change heat device (5-3) to the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4); the first dry hot air passage and the second dry hot air passage are respectively provided with a first dry hot air control component and a second dry hot air control component that can selectively open or close the first dry hot air passage or the second dry hot air passage.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first dry hot air control component includes a second air valve (5-6) and a second fan (5-7); the second dry hot air control component includes a fourth air valve (5-9) and a fourth fan (5-8).

6. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The evaporation section (5-3-3) has a first return air inlet (5-3-4) for receiving humid and hot return air from the first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6) and a second return air inlet (5-3-1) for receiving humid and hot return air from the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4), and shares a return air outlet (5-3-2); the condensation section (5-3-5) has a fresh air inlet (5-3-7) for receiving external dry and cold air, and has a first fresh air outlet (5-3-8) for supplying dry and hot air to the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4) and a second fresh air outlet (5-3-6) for supplying dry and hot air to the first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6).

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the first main ventilator (2) is the operating ventilator and the second main ventilator (3) is the standby ventilator, the first air valve (5-1), the first fan (5-2), the fourth air valve (5-9) and the fourth fan (5-8) are opened, while the second air valve (5-6), the second fan (5-7), the third air valve (5-5) and the third fan (5-4) are closed, so as to transfer the heat of the humid and hot return air drawn from the first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6) to the external dry and cold air, and send the heated dry and hot air into the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4).

8. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the second main ventilator (3) is the operating ventilator and the first main ventilator (2) is the standby ventilator, the third air valve (5-5), the third fan (5-4), the second air valve (5-6), and the second fan (5-7) are opened, while the first air valve (5-1), the first fan (5-2), the fourth air valve (5-9), and the fourth fan (5-8) are closed, so as to transfer the heat of the humid and hot return air drawn from the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4) to the external dry and cold air, and send the heated dry and hot air into the first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6).

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6) and the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4) are also connected to a return air duct (9) through the first shift switching air valve (8) and the second shift switching air valve (10), respectively. The return air duct (9) guides the hot and humid return air to a main heat exchange module (12) for wellbore antifreeze.

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first diffusion tower equalization chamber (6) and the second diffusion tower equalization chamber (4) are also respectively equipped with a first seasonal switching air valve (7) and a second seasonal switching air valve (11).

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