Directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia

Abstract

The invention discloses a directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia in the field of medical auxiliary instruments. The directional puncture tool comprises a carrier, a hovering mechanism and a control unit. A collecting mechanism is arranged in the carrier, an adjusting mechanism is arranged on one side of the collecting mechanism, and an anesthesia injection mechanism is arranged on the adjusting mechanism; a resistance sensing mechanism and a locking mechanism are arranged in the anesthesia injection mechanism, the resistance sensing mechanism is used for collecting resistance borne by the anesthesia injection mechanism in the puncture process in real time, and the locking mechanism is used for limiting propelling of the anesthesia injection mechanism; the control unit is used for comparing the resistance with a preset resistance threshold value and controlling operation of the locking mechanism based on a comparison result; the advancing condition of the anesthesia injection mechanism is recognized based on the ultrasonic image, the current tissue level where the anesthesia injection mechanism is located is judged, and a preset resistance threshold value is adjusted to be matched with the current tissue level. The puncture safety can be improved, and the risk of mistaken puncture is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical auxiliary devices, specifically a tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia directional puncture. Background Technology

[0002] Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia is a precise anesthesia method based on real-time ultrasound imaging. It achieves local anesthesia by accurately guiding a puncture needle to the vicinity of the target nerve. Compared to traditional blind puncture and nerve stimulation methods, this technique significantly improves the accuracy and safety of anesthesia and is widely used in surgical procedures, pain management, and regional anesthesia.

[0003] In clinical practice, ultrasound-guided technology helps operators adjust the needle position by visualizing the target nerve, blood vessels and surrounding tissue structures in real time, thereby reducing the occurrence of accidental puncture and complications.

[0004] Current ultrasound-guided anesthesia systems are highly dependent on the operator's experience and skill level. The operator needs to simultaneously control the ultrasound probe and the puncture needle, and determine the needle tip position in dynamic imaging. Due to the limited stability of hand manipulation, the needle tip is prone to deviation, increasing the risk of accidental puncture of blood vessels, nerves, or surrounding vital tissues.

[0005] In existing technologies, such as the "ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia directional puncture device" described in patent document CN120036888A, nerve stimulation is combined with ultrasound guidance. Electrodes are used to send electrical pulses to stimulate the nerve, causing muscle contraction, thereby indirectly locating the nerve. This method solves the problem of difficulty in identifying small nerves to some extent. However, it lacks effective protective structures to prevent accidental puncture, such as puncture depth limiting, automatic retraction, and puncture path correction functions. Once the puncture needle accidentally enters a blood vessel or nerve, there is a lack of automatic identification and avoidance mechanisms, posing a high clinical risk.

[0006] Given the shortcomings of existing technologies, there is an urgent need for a new type of directional puncture tool to improve operational safety, reduce the risk of accidental puncture, and meet the clinical demand for high safety and low accidental puncture rate. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia, which can improve the safety of puncture and reduce the risk of accidental puncture.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia directional puncture includes a carrier, a hovering mechanism, and a control unit. The hovering mechanism is used to hover the carrier at any position. An acquisition mechanism for acquiring ultrasound images is disposed within the carrier. An adjustment mechanism is disposed on one side of the acquisition mechanism, and an anesthesia injection mechanism is disposed on the adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the puncture angle of the anesthesia injection mechanism, and the anesthesia injection mechanism is used to puncture the target area and inject an anesthetic. The anesthesia injection mechanism includes a resistance sensing mechanism and a locking mechanism. The resistance sensing mechanism is used to collect the magnitude of resistance encountered by the anesthesia injection mechanism during the puncture process in real time, and the locking mechanism is used to restrict the advancement of the anesthesia injection mechanism. The control unit compares the resistance magnitude with a preset resistance threshold, controls the operation of the locking mechanism based on the comparison result, and determines the tissue layer where the anesthesia injection mechanism is located based on ultrasound image recognition of the movement of the anesthesia injection mechanism, and adjusts the preset resistance threshold to match the current tissue layer.

[0009] Working principle: The carrier is held above the puncture site by a hovering mechanism. Then, the puncture direction and angle of the anesthesia injection mechanism are adjusted by an adjustment mechanism. The anesthesia injection mechanism is then advanced to penetrate the patient's subcutaneous tissue. During this process, the control unit identifies the movement of the anesthesia injection mechanism through ultrasound images and determines the tissue layer based on its current position. The control unit continuously adjusts the preset resistance threshold to match the current tissue layer. Based on the comparison between the resistance encountered by the anesthesia injection mechanism during its movement in the current tissue layer and the preset resistance threshold, the control unit determines whether abnormal resistance has occurred. If an abnormality is detected, the control locking mechanism restricts the advancement of the anesthesia injection mechanism.

[0010] The above approach has the following beneficial effects: 1. This solution uses a resistance sensing mechanism to collect puncture resistance in real time. Combined with the tissue layer matching threshold preset by the control unit, it can accurately identify abnormal resistance (such as resistance abrupt changes when touching blood vessels, nerves or bones) and trigger a locking mechanism to restrict puncture advancement, effectively avoiding accidental puncture of important structures and reducing the risk of complications such as vascular injury and nerve damage.

[0011] 2. This solution uses ultrasound images to identify the tissue layer (such as subcutaneous fat, muscle, fascia, etc.) where the anesthesia injection site is located in real time, and dynamically adjusts the preset resistance threshold to match the resistance judgment standard with the mechanical properties of the current tissue. Different human tissues (such as fat, muscle, fascia, blood vessel walls) have unique mechanical properties (elastic modulus, resistance coefficient, etc.), and the resistance change patterns during puncture vary significantly. For example, a lower threshold is used in loose connective tissue, while a higher sensitivity threshold is used in dense muscle or near blood vessels, improving the accuracy of abnormal situation identification.

[0012] 3. This solution uses a suspension mechanism to stabilize the carrier at the puncture site, reducing operational errors caused by manually holding the probe and puncture needle; the adjustment mechanism automatically adjusts the puncture angle, combined with ultrasound image guidance, reducing reliance on the operator's experience, making it especially suitable for punctures in novice or complex anatomical locations (such as deep nerves, obese patients), and improving the success rate of nerve block.

[0013] 4. This solution utilizes real-time ultrasound imaging to monitor the puncture path, combined with resistance monitoring for added protection, forming a composite safety mechanism of "visualization + mechanical feedback." Compared to traditional techniques relying on a single ultrasound or neurostimulator, this solution provides physical protection through a mechanical locking mechanism, further reducing the risk of human error.

[0014] Furthermore, the acquisition mechanism includes several ultrasound probes, and the ultrasound beams emitted by the ultrasound probes are parallel to each other. The ultrasound images acquired by the ultrasound probes used to acquire the movement of the anesthesia injection mechanism are recorded as the main image, and the ultrasound images acquired by the other ultrasound probes are recorded as secondary images. The control unit is also used to combine the main image and the secondary images to determine whether the anesthesia injection mechanism deviates from the ultrasound beam plane. When the movement of the anesthesia injection mechanism in the main image does not change, and the anesthesia injection mechanism appears in any secondary image, it is determined that the anesthesia injection mechanism deviates from the ultrasound beam plane, and the locking mechanism is controlled to operate.

[0015] Beneficial effects: By acquiring primary and secondary images using ultrasound probes with multiple parallel sound beam planes, the spatial position of the anesthesia injection facility can be monitored from different dimensions. When the puncture needle shows no change in movement in the primary image (indicating it is not moving within the primary plane), but a needle image appears in the secondary image, it indicates that the puncture needle has deviated from the preset ultrasound beam plane (e.g., tilting to the side). The control unit can immediately trigger locking to prevent deviation of the puncture path due to out-of-plane offset (e.g., accidental puncture into adjacent non-target tissue), thus improving spatial positioning accuracy.

[0016] Traditional single-probe ultrasound can only display two-dimensional planar images, making it difficult to determine the deviation of the puncture needle in the direction perpendicular to the sound beam plane (i.e., "out-of-plane" error). However, multi-probe parallel sound beam design can capture out-of-plane displacement through sub-images, forming a monitoring effect similar to "stereoscopic imaging." For example, when the puncture needle deviates laterally due to tissue resistance or mechanical vibration, the appearance of the needle body in the sub-image can serve as a clear deviation signal, solving the problem of insufficient spatial position determination by single-planar ultrasound.

[0017] Furthermore, the control unit is also used to reconstruct and fit the ultrasound artifact region in the main image in conjunction with the sub-images when ultrasound artifacts appear in the main image, cut out the parts in each sub-image that overlap with the ultrasound artifacts, derive and fit the region image covered by the ultrasound artifacts based on each cut-out image, and cover the ultrasound artifact region in the main image.

[0018] Beneficial effects: When artifacts (such as sound shadows and ringing artifacts) appear in the main image due to gas, bone occlusion, or tissue interface reflections, the control unit cuts out the area in the sub-image that overlaps with the artifact, uses multiplanar image information to deduce and fit the true anatomical structure (such as the continuity of nerves and blood vessels) of the covered area, and replaces the artifact portion in the main image. This mechanism avoids the missing or distorted display of target structures caused by artifacts, ensures the visualization accuracy of the anesthesia injection mechanism's path, and reduces puncture deviations caused by image blurring.

[0019] The secondary image and the primary image have parallel acoustic beam planes, providing complementary information from adjacent anatomical layers. For example, if a blood vessel in the primary image is interrupted by gas artifacts, the secondary image may display the vessel's course completely. Through reassembly and fitting, the continuity of the blood vessel in the primary image can be restored, helping the control unit accurately determine the relative position of the anesthesia injection device and the blood vessel, thus avoiding the risk of accidental puncture. This multi-planar information fusion enhances the spatial integrity of the image, and is particularly suitable for areas susceptible to gas interference, such as the abdomen and neck.

[0020] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment groove on one side of the carrier, a slide rail is provided in the side wall of the adjustment groove, a turntable is slidably connected in the slide rail, the turntable is rotatably connected to the anesthesia injection mechanism, and the anesthesia injection mechanism is slidably engaged with the side wall of the adjustment groove.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The sliding connection between the slide rail and the turntable provides rigid guidance, preventing wobbling or deviation during manual adjustment; the sliding limit of the adjustment groove sidewall on the anesthesia injection mechanism further constrains the puncture direction, ensuring that the needle tip always moves along the preset plane during adjustment. Compared with traditional flexible adjustment structures (such as universal joints), this design can reduce angular errors caused by mechanical clearance and improve the repeatability accuracy of the puncture angle.

[0022] Furthermore, the anesthesia injection mechanism includes a first injection component, one side of which is rotatably connected to a turntable. A second injection component is slidably fitted inside the first injection component, and a puncture needle is slidably connected inside the second injection component. A buffer groove is provided between the puncture needle and the second injection component. When the second injection component moves, it compresses the air in the buffer groove, thereby driving the puncture needle to perform puncture.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The air in the buffer groove forms pneumatic damping. When the second injection element moves, it indirectly pushes the puncture needle forward by squeezing the air, which can buffer the impact force in the initial stage of puncture and avoid the needle tip from suddenly penetrating too deeply (such as penetrating the blood vessel wall or nerve sheath) caused by traditional rigid advancement.

[0024] Furthermore, the resistance sensing mechanism includes a sensing groove formed in the first injection member, the sensing groove being connected to a buffer groove, a sensing plate being slidably fitted inside the sensing groove, and an elastic element being provided between the sensing plate and the side wall of the sensing groove; a distance acquisition unit is provided between the sensing plate and the side wall of the buffer groove, the distance acquisition unit being used to acquire the displacement of the sensing plate, and the distance acquisition unit being electrically connected to the control unit.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The buffer groove and the sensing groove are connected. The puncture resistance is transmitted to the air in the buffer groove through the puncture needle, which in turn pushes the sensing plate to compress the elastic element and generate displacement. The distance acquisition unit converts the mechanical displacement into an electrical signal, realizing indirect quantitative monitoring of resistance. Compared with sensors directly mounted on the needle tip, this design avoids interference from the needle tip sharpness and ultrasound images. At the same time, it amplifies small changes in resistance (such as the sudden drop in resistance when penetrating the fascia layer) through the deformation of the elastic element, improving the monitoring sensitivity in the low-resistance range.

[0026] Furthermore, the locking mechanism includes a binding groove formed in the first injection member, the second injection member passing through the binding groove, and a plurality of conical clamping blocks arranged circumferentially along the outer side of the second injection member in the binding groove. The conical clamping blocks are fixedly connected to the binding groove, and one end of each conical clamping block is provided with an outer conical surface. A conical sleeve is provided at the end of the binding groove near the outer conical surface. The inner side of the conical sleeve is slidably engaged with the second injection member, and the outer side of the conical sleeve is threadedly engaged with the side wall of the binding groove. An inner conical surface is provided at the end of the conical sleeve near the outer conical surface, and the inner conical surface is slidably engaged with the outer conical surface. A power mechanism is also connected to the outer side of the conical sleeve, and the power mechanism is used to drive the conical sleeve to rotate. When the conical sleeve moves toward the conical clamping block, the conical clamping block gradually closes inward and clamps tightly. When the conical sleeve moves away from the conical clamping block, the conical clamping block extends outward.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The tapered sleeve moves within the restraint groove via a threaded engagement. Its inner tapered surface slides against the outer tapered surface of the tapered clamping block, creating a wedge-tightening effect. When the tapered sleeve advances towards the clamping block, the inner tapered surface presses against the outer tapered surface, forcing the circumferentially distributed clamping blocks to retract inward, tightly clamping the second injection component and restricting its axial movement through friction. This structure offers rapid locking response, and the clamping force increases linearly with the tapered sleeve's feed rate. The locking strength can be adjusted according to the degree of resistance anomaly (e.g., partial clamping and deceleration for mild anomalies, complete locking for severe anomalies).

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes an adaptive safety buffer mechanism, which is used to connect the buffer groove to the outside when abnormal resistance occurs.

[0029] Beneficial effects: When the resistance sensing mechanism detects abnormal resistance (such as contact with blood vessels, nerves, or bones), the adaptive safety buffer mechanism quickly connects the buffer groove to the outside, releasing the compressed air inside the groove. This causes the puncture needle to lose its propulsion power and naturally retract (or stop advancing) due to tissue reaction force. This mechanism provides a rapid "pneumatic decompression" response before the locking mechanism physically clamps, forming a two-stage protection of "resistance monitoring → pneumatic buffering → mechanical locking." It is especially suitable for scenarios with sudden changes in high resistance (such as the needle tip instantly contacting bone), minimizing the impact of puncture.

[0030] Furthermore, the adaptive safety buffer mechanism includes a lifting groove on one side of the sensing groove, an isolation plate that slides within the lifting groove, and a release channel that slides between the side of the isolation plate and one end of the sensing plate. The two ends of the release channel are connected to the sensing groove and the outside, respectively. A drive mechanism is provided at one end of the isolation plate to drive the isolation plate to lift and lower to adjust the position of the release channel. The position of the release channel varies depending on the tissue layer where the puncture needle is located. When the puncture needle experiences abnormal resistance, the sensing plate passes over the release channel, and the release channel connects to the buffer groove.

[0031] Beneficial effects: The isolation plate is raised and lowered by a drive mechanism, dynamically adjusting the position of the release channel according to the tissue layer where the puncture needle is located (e.g., the channel position is lower in the subcutaneous fat layer and higher in the muscle layer). When the puncture resistance is abnormal, the sensing plate is displaced by the air pressure in the buffer groove. Only after passing the release channel position corresponding to the current tissue layer is the buffer groove connected to the outside to release pressure. This design deeply binds the pressure release threshold to the tissue mechanical properties (e.g., a small displacement of the sensing plate in loose tissue can trigger pressure release, while a larger displacement is required in dense tissue), avoiding false pressure release or lag caused by a single threshold, and improving the tissue specificity of the buffer response.

[0032] The release channel is opened and closed via a mechanical sliding mechanism between the induction plate and the isolation plate: abnormal resistance pushes the induction plate to move, and when the edge of the induction plate slides past the release channel inlet, the compressed air in the buffer groove is immediately discharged through the channel, without the need for an electrical control signal relay. This is superior to electrically controlled components such as solenoid valves and is unaffected by electromagnetic interference, making it particularly suitable for operating room scenarios with complex electromagnetic environments, ensuring buffering reliability under extreme conditions.

[0033] Furthermore, the distance acquisition unit includes a pair of plates, which are fixedly connected to the sensing plate and the inner wall of the sensing groove, respectively. The pair of plates form a parallel plate capacitor, which is electrically connected to the control unit.

[0034] Beneficial effects: The capacitance of the parallel plate capacitor is linearly related to the distance between the plates (i.e., the displacement of the sensing plate) (C=εS / d). When the sensing plate is displaced due to changes in the air pressure of the buffer tank, the change in the distance between the plates, d, leads to a change in the capacitance. The control unit can accurately calculate the displacement by detecting the change in capacitance. The capacitance change is directly determined by the distance between the plates, and the response time is only affected by the mechanical inertia of the sensing plate (usually <1ms). It can capture instantaneous resistance fluctuations during puncture (such as the "breakthrough sensation" of the needle tip penetrating the fascia layer). Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia directional puncture tool of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A front view of the medium carrier.

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the regulating tank.

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first injection component.

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point M in the middle.

[0040] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Cantilever bracket; 2. Carrier; 3. First injection component; 4. Adjustment groove; 5. Ultrasonic probe; 301. Second injection component; 302. Buffer groove; 303. Puncture needle; 304. Restraint groove; 305. Conical clamp; 306. Conical sleeve; 307. Gear; 308. First drive component; 309. Second drive component; 310. Lead screw; 311. Isolation plate; 312. Sensing groove; 313. Sensing plate; 314. Release channel; 401. Slide rail; 402. Turntable. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "vertical", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0043] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connection" and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components. They can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: The basic implementation examples are as follows: Figures 1-5 The image shows a tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia directional puncture, mainly comprising a carrier 2, a suspension mechanism, and a control unit. The suspension mechanism uses a cantilever support 1 structure, which is installed on one side of the bed. In some other embodiments, the suspension mechanism can also use a multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm to stably suspend the carrier 2 at any position above the patient's puncture site. The carrier 2 contains an acquisition mechanism for acquiring ultrasound images. Specifically, the acquisition mechanism includes several ultrasound probes 5. In this embodiment, a total of three sets of ultrasound probes 5 are provided, arranged side-by-side within the carrier 2. The output ends of the ultrasound probes 5 are located outside the carrier 2, and the ultrasound beams emitted by the ultrasound probes 5 are parallel to each other.

[0045] An adjustment mechanism is provided on one side of the ultrasonic probe 5. Specifically, refer to the attached document. Figure 1 and attached Figure 3 As shown, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment groove 4 located on one side of the carrier 2. A slide rail 401 is provided in the side wall of the adjustment groove 4, and a turntable 402 is slidably connected in the slide rail 401. An anesthesia injection mechanism is rotatably connected to the turntable 402. The ultrasound images acquired by the ultrasound probe 5 used to collect the movement of the anesthesia injection mechanism are recorded as the main images, and the ultrasound images acquired by the other ultrasound probes 5 are recorded as secondary images. Specifically, in this embodiment, the image acquired by the ultrasound probe 5 located in the middle position is recorded as the main image, and the images acquired by the ultrasound probes 5 located on both sides are recorded as secondary images.

[0046] Specifically, the anesthesia injection mechanism includes a first injection component 3, one side of which is rotatably connected to a turntable 402. Preferably, the first injection component 3 is cylindrical, with a through groove at its axis. A second injection component 301 is slidably fitted within the through groove. A hollow groove is formed within the second injection component 301, and a puncture needle 303 is slidably connected within the hollow groove. A buffer groove 302 is provided between the puncture needle 303 and the second injection component 301. Figure 4 As shown, a buffer groove 302 is formed at the bottom of the second injection member 301. The buffer groove 302 and the hollow groove are interconnected and form a "convex" structure, meaning the diameter of the buffer groove 302 is larger than that of the hollow groove. The puncture needle 303 and the second injection member 301 enclose the buffer groove 302 into a sealed structure. When the second injection member 301 moves, it compresses the air inside the buffer groove 302, thereby driving the puncture needle 303 to puncture, thus achieving pneumatic transmission. The puncture needle 303 is used to puncture the target area and inject anesthetic.

[0047] It also includes a resistance sensing mechanism and a locking mechanism. The resistance sensing mechanism is used to collect the magnitude of the resistance experienced by the puncture needle 303 during the puncture process in real time. Specifically, refer to the attached... Figure 5 As shown, the resistance sensing mechanism includes a sensing groove 312 formed within the first injection member 3. The bottom of the sensing groove 312 is connected to the buffer groove 302 via a conduit. A sensing plate 313 is slidably fitted within the sensing groove 312. An elastic element is provided between the top of the sensing plate 313 and the top wall of the sensing groove 312. In this embodiment, the elastic element is a V-shaped metal sheet; in some other embodiments, a spring may also be used. A distance acquisition unit is provided between the sensing plate 313 and the side wall of the buffer groove 302. The distance acquisition unit is used to acquire the displacement of the sensing plate 313 and is electrically connected to the control unit. Specifically, the distance acquisition unit includes a pair of electrode plates (not shown in the figure). These electrode plates are welded and fixed to the inner walls of the sensing plate 313 and the sensing groove 312, respectively. These electrode plates form a parallel plate capacitor, which is electrically connected to the control unit.

[0048] The locking mechanism is used to restrict the advancement of the anesthesia injection device; specifically, in conjunction with the appendix... Figure 4As shown, the locking mechanism includes a binding groove 304 formed in the first injection member 3, and the second injection member 301 passes through the center of the binding groove 304. Several conical clamping blocks 305 are arranged in the binding groove 304 along the outer circumference of the second injection member 301. Preferably, the inner side of the conical clamping block 305 is an arc surface that matches the outer side of the second injection member 301. The bottom of the conical clamping block 305 is welded and fixed to the bottom wall of the binding groove 304. The conical clamping block 305 has a certain elasticity and can be displaced radially along the second injection member 301. The top of each conical clamp 305 is provided with an outer conical surface. A conical sleeve 306 is provided at one end of the binding groove 304 near the outer conical surface. The inner side of the conical sleeve 306 is slidably engaged with the second pusher 301, and the outer side of the conical sleeve 306 is threadedly engaged with the side wall of the binding groove 304. Preferably, the side wall of the binding groove 304 is provided with an internal thread, and the outer side of the conical sleeve 306 is engraved with an external thread. The rotational motion of the conical sleeve 306 is converted into linear motion through the threaded engagement of the internal and external threads. The conical sleeve 306 has an inner conical surface near the outer conical surface, which slides with the outer conical surface. The top outer side of the conical sleeve 306 has a toothed groove, which is connected to a power mechanism for driving the conical sleeve 306 to rotate. Preferably, the power mechanism includes a first driving member 308, which is a servo motor. A gear 307 is axially arranged at the output end of the first driving member 308. The gear 307 is keyed to the output shaft of the first driving member 308 and meshes with the toothed groove at the top of the conical sleeve 306. When the conical sleeve 306 moves toward the conical clamping block 305, that is, when the conical sleeve 306 moves downward in this embodiment, the conical clamping block 305 gradually closes inward and clamps. When the conical sleeve 306 moves away from the conical clamping block 305, that is, when the conical sleeve 306 moves upward, the conical clamping block 305 extends outward.

[0049] It also includes an adaptive safety buffer mechanism, which is used to connect the buffer groove 302 to the outside when abnormal resistance occurs.

[0050] Specifically, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 5As shown, the adaptive safety buffer mechanism includes a lifting groove on one side of the sensing groove 312. An isolation plate 311 is slidably fitted within the lifting groove. The side of the isolation plate 311 is slidably fitted with one end of the sensing plate 313. A release channel 314 is formed within the isolation plate 311, with both ends of the release channel 314 communicating with the sensing groove 312 and the outside, respectively. A driving mechanism is provided at one end of the isolation plate 311. The driving mechanism is used to drive the isolation plate 311 to rise and fall to adjust the position of the release channel 314. Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a second driving member 309 and a lead screw 310. The output shaft of the second driving member 309 and the lead screw 310 are coaxially fixedly connected via a coupling. A spiral groove is formed within the isolation plate 311, and the lead screw 310 is threadedly fitted with the spiral groove. The position of the release channel 314 varies depending on the tissue layer where the puncture needle 303 is located. When the puncture needle 303 experiences abnormal resistance, the sensing plate 313 passes over the release channel 314, and the release channel 314 communicates with the buffer groove 302.

[0051] The control unit is used to compare the resistance magnitude with a preset resistance threshold, and based on the comparison result, control the operation of the first drive unit 308; and based on the ultrasound images (main image and sub-image), identify the movement of the anesthesia injection mechanism (i.e., the puncture needle 303), determine the tissue layer where the current anesthesia injection mechanism (i.e., the puncture needle 303) is located, and adjust the preset resistance threshold to match the current tissue layer.

[0052] The control unit is also used to determine whether the puncture needle 303 deviates from the ultrasonic beam plane (the plane shown in the main image) by combining the main image and the sub-image. When the movement of the puncture needle 303 in the main image does not change, and the puncture needle 303 appears in any sub-image, it is determined that the puncture needle 303 deviates from the ultrasonic beam plane, and the locking mechanism is controlled to operate to limit the advancement of the puncture needle 303.

[0053] The control unit is also used to reassemble and fit the ultrasound artifact region in the main image in combination with the sub-images when ultrasound artifacts appear in the main image, cut out the parts of each sub-image that overlap with the ultrasound artifacts, derive and fit the image of the region covered by the ultrasound artifacts based on each cut-out image, and cover the ultrasound artifact region in the main image. After stitching, a new main image is formed, and the fitted region is highlighted in the new main image to alert medical staff.

[0054] Preferably, it also includes a display screen and an alarm unit. The display screen is used to interact with medical staff and display all images to them. The alarm unit (buzzer and LED flashing light) is used to send an alarm signal (audio-visual signal) to the medical staff when the puncture needle 303 deviates or encounters abnormal resistance.

[0055] The specific implementation process is as follows: By dragging the carrier 2, the cantilever support 1 is adjusted so that the carrier 2 is suspended above the patient's puncture area (such as the sciatic nerve block area in the middle of the thigh). Three sets of probes scan the skin surface. The main image displays the target area in the center, and the secondary image displays the 1cm plane on both sides simultaneously. The control unit automatically identifies the boundaries of tissues such as skin, fat, and muscle, and the display screen displays the layering results in real time.

[0056] Medical personnel observe the main image on the display screen and manually fine-tune the position of carrier 2 to center the target nerve (such as the sciatic nerve) in the main image. After determining the puncture angle and puncture path, the medical personnel push the second injection device 301 to perform the puncture. The bottom of the second injection device 301 compresses the air in the buffer groove 302, and the air in the buffer groove 302 forms pneumatic damping to buffer the impact force in the initial stage of puncture and prevent the needle tip from suddenly penetrating too deeply. During the puncture, the resistance is transmitted to the air in the buffer groove 302 through the puncture needle 303, which pushes the sensing plate 313 to compress the elastic element and generate displacement. The distance acquisition unit (parallel plate capacitor) changes the plate spacing due to the displacement of the sensing plate 313, resulting in a change in capacitance. The control unit accurately calculates the displacement of the sensing plate 313 by detecting the change in capacitance, thereby indirectly quantifying and monitoring the puncture resistance.

[0057] The two auxiliary images are continuously scanned. If the puncture needle 303 shifts laterally due to tissue resistance, causing the needle image to appear in the auxiliary image, the control unit immediately issues an audible and visual alarm and controls the locking mechanism to operate. The first drive member 308 of the locking mechanism drives the conical sleeve 306 to rotate. Since the conical sleeve 306 is threadedly engaged with the side wall of the restraint groove 304, the conical sleeve 306 moves toward the conical clamp 305. The conical clamp 305 gradually closes inward to clamp the second injection member 301, limiting its axial movement through friction to avoid deviation of the puncture path due to out-of-plane offset (awaiting manual confirmation or correction).

[0058] When ultrasound artifacts appear in the main image, the control unit combines the sub-images to reconstruct and fit the ultrasound artifact region in the main image. Areas overlapping with ultrasound artifacts in each sub-image are cropped, and images of the regions covered by ultrasound artifacts are derived and fitted based on each cropped image. These images are then overlaid onto the ultrasound artifact region in the main image, ensuring the visualization accuracy of the anesthesia injection mechanism's movement path.

[0059] Abnormal resistance detection stage: The control unit compares the real-time collected resistance with the current preset resistance threshold. If it determines that there is abnormal resistance, that is, the resistance currently experienced by the puncture needle 303 (e.g., the needle tip of the puncture needle 303 is in the fat area) is greater than the preset resistance threshold (the preset resistance threshold of the fat area), the power mechanism of the locking mechanism drives the conical sleeve 306 to rotate. The conical sleeve 306 moves toward the conical clamp 305, and the conical clamp 305 gradually closes inward to clamp the second injection member 301, restricting its axial movement through friction and limiting the advancement of the anesthesia injection mechanism.

[0060] Meanwhile, the sensing plate 313 is displaced by the air pressure of the buffer groove 302. The position of the release channel 314 varies depending on the tissue layer in which the puncture needle 303 is located (adjusted by the lifting and lowering of the isolation plate 311 via a drive mechanism). Whenever the puncture needle 303 enters a new tissue layer, the control unit, in addition to dynamically adjusting the preset resistance threshold (for example, when the needle tip of the puncture needle 303 moves from fat into the muscle region, the preset resistance threshold switches from A to B), also controls the drive mechanism to adjust the lifting and lowering of the isolation plate 311. When the sensing plate 313 passes the position of the release channel 314 corresponding to the current tissue layer, the release channel 314 connects to the buffer groove 302, and the buffer groove 302 connects to the outside, releasing the compressed air inside the groove. This causes the puncture needle 303 to lose its propulsion power and naturally retract (or stop moving forward) due to tissue reaction force, forming a rapid "pneumatic decompression" response. This further restricts the advancement of the puncture needle 303, forming a two-stage protection system of "resistance monitoring → pneumatic buffering → mechanical locking."

[0061] Once the puncture needle 303 has accurately entered the target area without any abnormalities, continue advancing the second injection unit 301 to bring the puncture needle 303 to the appropriate depth and inject the anesthetic into the target area. After injection, slowly withdraw the puncture needle 303 while observing the patient to ensure no complications occur.

[0062] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific structures and / or characteristics in the solutions are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia, comprising a carrier (2), a suspension mechanism, and a control unit, wherein the suspension mechanism is used to suspend the carrier (2) at any position; characterized in that: The carrier (2) is equipped with an acquisition mechanism for acquiring ultrasound images. An adjustment mechanism is provided on one side of the acquisition mechanism. An anesthesia injection mechanism is provided on the adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the puncture angle of the anesthesia injection mechanism. The anesthesia injection mechanism is used to puncture the target area and inject anesthesia. The anesthesia injection mechanism is equipped with a resistance sensing mechanism and a locking mechanism. The resistance sensing mechanism is used to collect the resistance encountered by the anesthesia injection mechanism during the puncture process in real time. The locking mechanism is used to restrict the advancement of the anesthesia injection mechanism. The control unit compares the resistance magnitude with a preset resistance threshold, controls the operation of the locking mechanism based on the comparison result, and determines the tissue layer where the anesthesia injection mechanism is located based on ultrasound image recognition of the movement of the anesthesia injection mechanism, and adjusts the preset resistance threshold to match the current tissue layer.

2. The directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition mechanism includes several ultrasound probes (5). The ultrasound beams emitted by the ultrasound probes (5) are parallel to each other. The ultrasound images acquired by the ultrasound probes (5) used to acquire the movement of the anesthesia injection mechanism are recorded as the main image, and the ultrasound images acquired by the other ultrasound probes (5) are recorded as the secondary images. The control unit is also used to combine the main image and the secondary images to determine whether the anesthesia injection mechanism deviates from the ultrasound beam plane. When the movement of the anesthesia injection mechanism in the main image does not change, and the anesthesia injection mechanism appears in any secondary image, it is determined that the anesthesia injection mechanism deviates from the ultrasound beam plane, and the locking mechanism is controlled to operate.

3. The directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control unit is also used to reassemble and fit the ultrasound artifact region in the main image in combination with the sub-images when ultrasound artifacts appear in the main image, cut out the parts of each sub-image that overlap with the ultrasound artifacts, derive and fit the image of the region covered by the ultrasound artifacts based on each cut-out image, and cover the ultrasound artifact region in the main image.

4. The directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment groove (4) on one side of the carrier (2), a slide rail (401) is provided in the side wall of the adjustment groove (4), a turntable (402) is slidably connected in the slide rail (401), the turntable (402) is rotatably connected to the anesthesia injection mechanism, and the anesthesia injection mechanism is slidably engaged with the side wall of the adjustment groove (4).

5. The directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anesthesia injection mechanism includes a first injection component (3), one side of which is rotatably connected to a turntable (402). A second injection component (301) is slidably fitted inside the first injection component (3), and a puncture needle (303) is slidably connected inside the second injection component (301). A buffer groove (302) is provided between the puncture needle (303) and the second injection component (301). When the second injection component (301) moves, the second injection component (301) squeezes the air in the buffer groove (302), thereby driving the puncture needle (303) to perform puncture.

6. The directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia according to claim 5, characterized in that: The resistance sensing mechanism includes a sensing groove (312) opened in the first injection member (3), the sensing groove (312) is connected to the buffer groove (302), a sensing plate (313) is slidably fitted in the sensing groove (312), and an elastic member is provided between the sensing plate (313) and the side wall of the sensing groove (312); a distance acquisition unit is provided between the sensing plate (313) and the side wall of the buffer groove (302), the distance acquisition unit is used to acquire the displacement of the sensing plate (313), and the distance acquisition unit is electrically connected to the control unit.

7. The directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia according to claim 6, characterized in that: The locking mechanism includes a binding groove (304) formed in the first injection member (3), and a second injection member (301) passing through the binding groove (304). Several conical clamping blocks (305) are arranged circumferentially along the outer side of the second injection member (301) inside the binding groove (304). The conical clamping blocks (305) are fixedly connected to the binding groove (304). One end of each conical clamping block (305) is provided with an outer conical surface. A conical sleeve (306) is provided near the outer conical surface of the binding groove (304). The inner side of the conical sleeve (306) slides against the second injection member (301). The tapered sleeve (306) is threaded to the side wall of the binding groove (304) on the outside. The tapered sleeve (306) has an inner tapered surface near the outer tapered surface. The inner tapered surface slides with the outer tapered surface. The tapered sleeve (306) is also connected to a power mechanism on the outside. The power mechanism is used to drive the tapered sleeve (306) to rotate. When the tapered sleeve (306) moves toward the tapered clamp (305), the tapered clamp (305) gradually closes inward and clamps. When the tapered sleeve (306) moves away from the tapered clamp (305), the tapered clamp (305) extends outward.

8. The directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes an adaptive safety buffer mechanism, which is used to connect the buffer groove (302) to the outside when abnormal resistance occurs.

9. The directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia according to claim 8, characterized in that: The adaptive safety buffer mechanism includes a lifting groove on one side of the sensing groove (312), an isolation plate (311) is slidably fitted in the lifting groove, the side of the isolation plate (311) is slidably fitted with one end of the sensing plate (313), a release channel (314) is provided in the isolation plate (311), and the two ends of the release channel (314) are respectively connected to the sensing groove (312) and the outside; a driving mechanism is provided at one end of the isolation plate (311), the driving mechanism is used to drive the isolation plate (311) to rise and fall to adjust the position of the release channel (314). The position of the release channel (314) is different depending on the tissue layer where the puncture needle (303) is located. When the puncture needle (303) is subjected to abnormal resistance, the sensing plate (313) passes over the release channel (314), and the release channel (314) is connected to the buffer groove (302).

10. The directional puncture tool for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block anesthesia according to claim 9, characterized in that: The distance acquisition unit includes a pair of plates, which are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the sensing plate (313) and the sensing groove (312) respectively. The pair of plates form a parallel plate capacitor, which is electrically connected to the control unit.

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