A method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates

Abstract

This disclosure provides a method for unsealing decompressed photovoltaic (PV) laminates, belonging to the field of PV module recycling technology. The method uses a solution comprising terpinene, isopropanol, and lauroyl sarcosine as the unsealing agent to disrupt the cross-linked network structure of EVA, causing EVA to lose its adhesiveness and releasing the EVA. This achieves complete separation of the backsheet, glass, and silicon layer in the decompressed PV laminate, facilitating the subsequent recycling of organic and metal resources from the backsheet. The entire process is green, efficient, and produces no secondary pollution. The unsealing agent can be recovered and recycled through distillation and condensation, resulting in significant economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module recycling technology, and more specifically to a method for unsealing retired photovoltaic laminates. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing severity of global energy and environmental problems, the focus of global energy strategies is shifting towards sustainable and renewable energy. Solar energy, as an important sustainable and renewable clean energy source, is a crucial driving force for solving energy and environmental issues. Therefore, the recycling of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates is not only important for environmental protection but also even more important for the sustainable development of resources.

[0003] Currently, many photovoltaic (PV) laminates use ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer as an encapsulant, bonding the layers together through a high-temperature process. To recycle retired PV modules, decapsulation is necessary, meaning the encapsulant must be completely removed or its adhesiveness broken. Current decapsulation technologies for retired PV laminates include mechanical decapsulation, pyrometallurgical decapsulation, and wet decapsulation. Mechanical decapsulation primarily involves crushing and sorting the PV laminate to obtain small particle sizes, but EVA still adheres to the layers after this process. Pyrometallurgical decapsulation mainly involves pyrolyzing the PV laminate to remove EVA; however, the post-treatment of fluorine-containing organic waste gases and high energy consumption remain significant challenges. Wet decapsulation generally uses chemical solvents to swell or dissolve EVA, achieving decapsulation, but this method generates large amounts of toxic wastewater and waste gas and requires high temperatures. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to develop a decapsulation method for retired PV laminates that is energy-efficient, fast, low-polluting, and provides effective separation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this disclosure is as follows: a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The decommissioned photovoltaic laminate was immersed in a desealing agent and then stirred at room temperature for 9-12 hours to separate each layer of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate.

[0007] The unblocking agents include terpinene, isopropanol, and lauroyl sarcosine;

[0008] Based on the volume percentage of the unblocking reagent being 100%, the volume percentage of terpinene is 45-75%, the volume percentage of isopropanol is 1.5-5%, and the volume percentage of lauroyl sarcosine is 0.025-0.15%.

[0009] In some embodiments, the volume percentage of lauroyl sarcosine is 0.05-0.1%, based on a volume percentage of 100% for the unblocking agent.

[0010] In some embodiments, the isopropanol content is 2-4% by volume, based on a 100% volume percentage of the unblocking agent.

[0011] In some embodiments, the stirring speed is 100-200 r / min.

[0012] In some embodiments, the stirring time is 10-11 hours.

[0013] In some embodiments, the retired photovoltaic laminate is pretreated by immersing it in a desealing agent.

[0014] In some embodiments, the preprocessing includes disassembly and cutting.

[0015] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate after cutting is ≤10cm.

[0016] In some embodiments, the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate is at least one of a decommissioned crystalline silicon photovoltaic laminate, a decommissioned copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic laminate or plate, or a decommissioned CdTe thin-film photovoltaic laminate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this disclosure are as follows: The desealing method for decommissioned photovoltaic laminates disclosed herein uses a solution comprising terpinene, isopropanol, and lauroyl sarcosine as the desealing reagent. Terpinene has a high calorific value, which can reduce energy consumption, and is green and non-toxic. Isopropanol can promote the generation of strong oxidative free radicals from terpinene, and lauroyl sarcosine can accelerate the diffusion rate of strong oxidative free radicals. The strong oxidative free radicals cause the molecular structures of EVA, such as -CH2- and -CO-CH2-, to break, thereby destroying the cross-linked network structure of EVA, causing EVA to lose its adhesiveness, and releasing EVA. This achieves complete separation of the backsheet, glass, and silicon layer in the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate, which is beneficial for the subsequent recycling of organic and metal resources of the backsheet. The whole process is green and efficient, with no secondary pollution generated. The desealing reagent can be recovered and recycled through distillation and condensation, resulting in significant economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 These are photos showing the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate before and after unsealing in Example 1;

[0019] Figure 2 These are photos showing the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate before and after unsealing in Comparative Example 5;

[0020] Figure 3The photos show the actual photovoltaic laminate before and after unsealing in Comparative Example 9. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To facilitate understanding of this disclosure, a more complete description will be provided below. However, this disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure.

[0022] As used in this disclosure:

[0023] "Prepared from" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", or any other variations thereof as used in this disclosure are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article, or apparatus that includes the listed elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or elements inherent to such composition, step, method, article, or apparatus.

[0024] The conjunction "composed of..." excludes any unspecified elements, steps, or components. If used in a claim, this phrase makes the claim closed, excluding materials other than those described, except for associated conventional impurities. When the phrase "composed of..." appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following it, it limits only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0025] When a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pair of any upper or preferred value with any lower or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. For example, when the range “1-5” is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including ranges “1-4”, “1-3”, “1-2”, “1-2 and 4-5”, “1-3 and 5”, etc. When numerical ranges are described in this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range.

[0026] In these embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the portions and percentages are all by weight.

[0027] "Parts by mass" refers to the basic unit of measurement that expresses the mass ratio of multiple components. One part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that component A has 'a' parts by mass and component B has 'b' parts by mass, it means that the mass ratio of component A to component B is a:b. It is important to understand that, unlike mass percentage content, the sum of the mass parts of all components is not limited to 100 parts.

[0028] "And / or" is used to indicate that one or both of the described situations may occur, for example, A and / or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).

[0029] This application provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, comprising the following steps:

[0030] The decommissioned photovoltaic laminate was immersed in a desealing agent and then stirred at room temperature to separate each layer of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate.

[0031] The unblocking agents include terpinene, isopropanol, and lauroyl sarcosine;

[0032] Based on the volume percentage of the unblocking reagent being 100%, the volume percentage of terpinene is 45-75%, the volume percentage of isopropanol is 1.5-5%, and the volume percentage of lauroyl sarcosine is 0.025-0.15%.

[0033] This disclosure discloses a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, using a solution comprising terpinene, isopropanol, and lauroyl sarcosine as the unsealing reagent. Terpinene has a high calorific value, which can reduce energy consumption, and is green and non-toxic. Isopropanol can promote the generation of strong oxidative free radicals from terpinene, and lauroyl sarcosine can accelerate the diffusion rate of strong oxidative free radicals. The strong oxidative free radicals cause the -CH2- and -CO-CH2- molecular structures of EVA to break, thereby destroying the cross-linked network structure of EVA, causing EVA to lose its adhesiveness, and releasing EVA. This achieves complete separation of the backsheet, glass, and silicon layer in the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate, which is beneficial for the subsequent recycling of organic and metal resources from the backsheet. The entire process is green, efficient, and produces no secondary pollution. The unsealing reagent can be recovered and recycled through distillation and condensation, resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0034] In the desealing reagent, the volume percentage of terpinene, isopropanol, and lauroyl sarcosine affects the desealing effect of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates. If the volume percentage of terpinene, isopropanol, and lauroyl sarcosine is too low or too high, the desealing effect of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates will decrease.

[0035] In this application, room temperature refers to 23-27℃; during the soaking process, if the temperature is too high, it will cause a chemical reaction between terpinene, isopropanol and lauroyl sarcosine, which will result in the inability to separate each layer of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate.

[0036] Specifically, with the volume percentage of the unblocking reagent as 100%, the volume percentage of terpinene can be one or any two of the following: 45%, 47%, 50%, 53%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 65%, 67%, 70%, 73%, and 75%.

[0037] Specifically, based on the volume percentage of the unsealing agent being 100%, the volume percentage of isopropanol can be one or any two of the following: 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, 2.4%, 2.7%, 3%, 3.3%, 3.6%, 3.9%, 4.2%, 4.5%, 4.8%, and 5%; preferably 2-4%, specifically one or any two of the following: 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.6%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.2%, 3.4%, 3.6%, 3.8%, and 4%.

[0038] Specifically, based on the volume percentage of the unblocking reagent being 100%, the volume percentage of lauroyl sarcosine can be one or any two of the following: 0.025%, 0.03%, 0.035%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, and 0.15%; preferably 0.025-0.08%, specifically one or any two of the following: 0.025%, 0.03%, 0.035%, 0.04%, 0.045%, 0.05%, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%, and 0.08%.

[0039] In some embodiments, the unsealing agent further includes water.

[0040] To improve the dispersibility of isopropanol and lauroyl sarcosine in the deblocking agent, this disclosure first mixes isopropanol and lauroyl sarcosine with water to obtain isopropanol solution and lauroyl sarcosine solution respectively; then the isopropanol solution, lauroyl sarcosine solution and terpinene are mixed evenly to form the deblocking agent.

[0041] Specifically, the volume percentage of isopropanol in the isopropanol solution is 10-20%, for example, it can be one or any two of 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%.

[0042] Specifically, the volume percentage of lauroyl sarcosine in the lauroyl sarcosine solution is 0.5-2%, for example, it can be one or any two of the following values: 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2%.

[0043] Specifically, the stirring time is 9-12 hours, for example, it can be one or any two of 9 hours, 9.5 hours, 10 hours, 10.5 hours, 11 hours, 11.5 hours, and 12 hours; preferably 10-11 hours.

[0044] In this disclosure, the stirring speed and time are within the above-mentioned range, which is beneficial to improve the separation effect of each layer structure of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate. If the stirring time is too short, the separation effect of each layer structure of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate will be worse. If the stirring time is too long, the EVA adhesive will swell excessively and the silicon layer will be severely broken, which is not conducive to subsequent recycling.

[0045] In some embodiments, the stirring speed is 100-200 r / min, for example, it can be one or any two of 100 r / min, 120 r / min, 140 r / min, 160 r / min, 180 r / min, 200 r / min; preferably 120-160 r / min.

[0046] In this disclosure, the stirring speed is within the above-mentioned range, which is beneficial for unsealing the swollen EVA by the reagent and improving the separation effect of each layer structure of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate.

[0047] In some embodiments, the retired photovoltaic laminate is pretreated by immersing it in a desealing agent.

[0048] In some implementations, pretreatment includes disassembly and cutting.

[0049] Specifically, the disassembly and cutting process includes the following steps:

[0050] The photovoltaic module is disassembled to obtain an integral component mainly composed of glass, silicon wafers, and a backsheet;

[0051] The integral part is cut to obtain the block-shaped parts to be separated;

[0052] Specifically, disassembling retired photovoltaic laminates is a conventional preliminary treatment method for photovoltaic modules in this technical field. This typically involves removing the aluminum alloy frame and junction box connected to the photovoltaic module. Conventional recycling methods such as mechanical disassembly / separation can be used, for example, manually removing the aluminum alloy frame and junction box. Those skilled in the art can disassemble the photovoltaic module to obtain a complete component mainly composed of glass, silicon wafers, and a backsheet, depending on the actual situation of the photovoltaic module to be separated. If necessary, other non-integral components may also be processed through simple mechanical disassembly (e.g., referring to the disassembly of the aluminum alloy frame) to obtain the complete component described in this disclosure.

[0053] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate after cutting is ≤10cm, for example, it can be a value between one or any two of 0.5cm, 1cm, 1.5cm, 2cm, 2.5cm, 3cm, 3.5cm, 4cm, 4.5cm, 5cm, 5.5cm, 6cm, 6.5cm, 7cm, 7.5cm, 8cm, 8.5cm, 9cm, 9.5cm, and 10cm; preferably 2-5cm.

[0054] In this disclosure, the outer diameter of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate after cutting is ≤10cm, the purpose of which is to improve the subsequent separation efficiency. The cutting method can be directly selected using conventional equipment recycling methods or conventional cutting methods for sheet parts. It should be noted that the shape of the block to be separated obtained by cutting usually does not affect the efficiency of backsheet separation using the method of this invention. Based on the principle of convenient cutting, in the following embodiments, the whole part is cut to obtain rectangular block to be separated with a side length not exceeding 10cm.

[0055] It should be noted that, based on the cut shape and size of the block to be separated, experiments have shown that cutting the block with a smaller side length (square, 2-5cm side length) results in a more efficient backplate separation than cutting the block with a larger side length (square, 8-10cm side length). However, the backplate obtained from the smaller side length block is also smaller, making it inconvenient to separate the backplate under external force and potentially hindering subsequent recycling. Therefore, in one preferred embodiment, the integral part is cut to obtain a block with an outer diameter of 2-5cm.

[0056] In some embodiments, the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate is at least one of a decommissioned crystalline silicon photovoltaic laminate, a decommissioned copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic laminate or plate, or a decommissioned CdTe thin-film photovoltaic laminate.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, including the following steps:

[0059] Pre-processing: The retired photovoltaic modules are disassembled to obtain an integral component mainly composed of glass, silicon wafers, and backsheets; the integral component is then cut to obtain 2cm×2cm blocks to be separated.

[0060] Preparation of unblocking reagent: Add lauroyl sarcosine to water and stir evenly to obtain a lauroyl sarcosine solution with a volume percentage of 1%;

[0061] Isopropanol was added to water and stirred until homogeneous to obtain an isopropanol solution with a volume percentage of 15%.

[0062] The unblocking agent is prepared by mixing terpinene, isopropanol solution and lauroyl sarcosine solution evenly. The unblocking agent consists of the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 3% isopropanol, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0063] Unsealing process: Place the block to be separated in a reaction vessel and add unsealing reagent to the reaction vessel to completely submerge the block to be separated; then stir at 140 r / min for 11 h at room temperature. After removal, the glass and back plate are separated under external force.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, including the following steps:

[0066] Pre-processing: The retired photovoltaic modules are disassembled to obtain an integral component mainly composed of glass, silicon wafers, and backsheets; the integral component is then cut to obtain 2cm×2cm blocks to be separated.

[0067] Preparation of unblocking reagent: Add lauroyl sarcosine to water and stir evenly to obtain a lauroyl sarcosine solution with a volume percentage of 0.5%;

[0068] Isopropanol was added to water and stirred until homogeneous to obtain an isopropanol solution with a volume percentage of 20%.

[0069] The terpinene, isopropanol solution, and lauroyl sarcosine solution are mixed evenly to obtain the unblocking reagent. The unblocking reagent consists of the following components by volume percentage: 60% terpinene, 3% isopropanol, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0070] Unsealing process: Place the block to be separated in a reaction vessel and add unsealing reagent to the reaction vessel to completely submerge the block to be separated; then stir at 100 r / min for 12 h at room temperature. After removal, the glass and back plate are separated under external force.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, including the following steps:

[0073] Pre-processing: The retired photovoltaic modules are disassembled to obtain an integral component mainly composed of glass, silicon wafers, and backsheets; the integral component is then cut to obtain 10cm×10cm blocks to be separated.

[0074] Preparation of unblocking reagent: Add lauroyl sarcosine to water and stir evenly to obtain a lauroyl sarcosine solution with a volume percentage of 2%;

[0075] Isopropanol was added to water and stirred until homogeneous to obtain an isopropanol solution with a volume percentage of 10%.

[0076] The unblocking reagent is prepared by mixing terpinene, isopropanol solution and lauroyl sarcosine solution evenly. The unblocking reagent consists of the following components by volume percentage: terpinene 45%, isopropanol 3%, lauroyl sarcosine 0.05%, and water balance.

[0077] Unsealing process: Place the block to be separated in a reaction vessel and add unsealing reagent to the reaction vessel to completely submerge the block to be separated; then stir at 200 r / min for 9 hours at room temperature. After removal, the glass and back plate are separated under external force.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 1.5% isopropanol, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 2% isopropanol, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0082] Example 6

[0083] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 4% isopropanol, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0084] Example 7

[0085] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 5% isopropanol, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0086] Example 8

[0087] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 3% isopropanol, 0.025% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0088] Example 9

[0089] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 3% isopropanol, 0.08% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0090] Example 10

[0091] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 3% isopropanol, 0.1% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0092] Example 11

[0093] This embodiment provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 3% isopropanol, 0.15% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0094] Comparative Example 1

[0095] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 3% isopropanol, and the balance being water.

[0096] Comparative Example 2

[0097] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0098] Comparative Example 3

[0099] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 3% isopropanol, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0100] Comparative Example 4

[0101] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 6% isopropanol, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0102] Comparative Example 5

[0103] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 3% isopropanol, 0.2% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0104] Comparative Example 6

[0105] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: pinene 75%, isopropanol 3%, lauroyl sarcosine 0.05%, and water balance.

[0106] Comparative Example 7

[0107] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: geraniol 75%, isopropanol 3%, lauroyl sarcosine 0.05%, and water as the balance.

[0108] Comparative Example 8

[0109] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: limonene 75%, isopropanol 3%, lauroyl sarcosine 0.05%, and water as the balance.

[0110] Comparative Example 9

[0111] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 3% ethanol, 0.05% lauroyl sarcosine, and the balance being water.

[0112] Comparative Example 10

[0113] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the unsealing reagent includes the following components by volume percentage: 75% terpinene, 3% isopropanol, 0.05% lauroyl glutamic acid, and the balance being water.

[0114] Comparative Example 11

[0115] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the stirring time is 13 hours.

[0116] Comparative Example 12

[0117] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing decommissioned photovoltaic laminates, which differs from Example 1 in that the stirring time is 8 hours.

[0118] Comparative Example 13

[0119] This comparative example provides a method for unsealing a decommissioned photovoltaic laminate, which differs from Example 1 in that the stirring temperature is 30°C.

[0120] Performance testing

[0121] The separation effect of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate in the test examples and comparative unsealing methods is distinguished by the degree of separation. The test method for the degree of separation is as follows: the area of ​​the surface glass of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate before and after unsealing is captured by camera. The pixel value represents the area size, and the amount of glass residue represents the degree of separation. That is, the degree of separation = the area of ​​the surface glass of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate after unsealing / the area of ​​the surface glass of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate before unsealing × 100%.

[0122] The test results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1-3 As shown.

[0123] Table 1

[0124] Separation degree / % Example 1 100 Example 2 100 Example 3 100 Example 4 60 Example 5 70 Example 6 70 Example 7 60 Example 8 80 Example 9 70 Example 10 65 Example 11 60 Comparative Example 1 30 Comparative Example 2 30 Comparative Example 3 0 Comparative Example 4 0 Comparative Example 5 0 Comparative Example 6 0 Comparative Example 7 0 Comparative Example 8 50 Comparative Example 9 0 Comparative Example 10 0 Comparative Example 11 40 Comparative Example 12 40 Comparative Example 13 30

[0125] As can be seen from the experimental data in Table 1, when the desealing method of the present invention is used to deseale retired photovoltaic laminates, the degree of glass separation is ≥60%, indicating that the desealing effect of the present invention on retired photovoltaic laminates is good.

[0126] The experimental data from Examples 1, 4-11, and Comparative Examples 4-5 show that the volume percentage of isopropanol and lauroyl sarcosine in the desealing reagent affects the desealing effect of the decompressed photovoltaic laminate. When the volume percentage of isopropanol in the desealing reagent is 2-4%, or the volume percentage of lauroyl sarcosine is 0.025-0.08%, the separation degree of the decompressed photovoltaic laminate is ≥70%, indicating that when the volume percentage of isopropanol in the desealing reagent is 2-4%, or the volume percentage of lauroyl sarcosine is 0.025-0.08%, the desealing effect of the decompressed photovoltaic laminate can be improved.

[0127] The experimental data from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 show that the absence of any component in the unsealing reagent will lead to a significant decrease in the separation degree of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate.

[0128] The experimental data from Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 6-10 show that when pinene, geraniol, or limonene are used to replace terpinene, or ethanol is used to replace isopropanol, or lauroylglutamic acid is used to replace lauroylsarcosine, the separation degree of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate is ≤50%. This indicates that only the desealing reagent composed of terpinene, isopropanol, and lauroylsarcosine can obtain decommissioned photovoltaic laminates with a high degree of separation.

[0129] The experimental data from Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 11-13 show that too short a stirring time or too high a stirring temperature will significantly reduce the separation degree of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate.

[0130] Figure 1 These are photos showing the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate before and after unsealing in Example 1; Figure 2 These are photos showing the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate before and after unsealing in Comparative Example 5; Figure 3 These are photos showing the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate in Example 9 before and after it was unsealed. Figure 1 As can be seen, the unsealing method for decommissioned photovoltaic laminates of the present invention can cause the EVA in the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate to swell and break, and completely lose its adhesiveness, allowing the glass and backsheet to automatically and completely separate from the EVA. Figure 2 As can be seen, the volume percentage of terpinene in the unsealing agent was too low, resulting in no swelling of the EVA in the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate, and the loss of viscosity, making it impossible to separate the glass and backsheet from the EVA. Figure 3As can be seen, after replacing terpinene with limonene, some of the EVA in the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate swelled and broke, and some glass and backsheet automatically separated from the EVA. The possible reason is that limonene has an isolated double bond with high steric hindrance and low reactivity. Under the combined action of isopropanol and lauroyl sarcosine, it is difficult to generate strong oxidative free radicals or the number of strong oxidative free radicals is small. In contrast, terpinene has an isolated double bond and a conjugated double bond with high electron cloud density. Under the combined action of isopropanol and lauroyl sarcosine, it is easy to generate strong oxidative free radicals, which destroy the cross-linking structure of EVA, thereby improving the desealing effect of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate unsealing method disclosed in this paper.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure and not to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure without departing from the substance and scope of the technical solutions of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method of debonding a decommissioned photovoltaic laminate, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: immersing the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate in a debonding reagent, and then stirring at room temperature for 9-12 hours to separate each layer structure of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate from each other; wherein the debonding reagent comprises terpinolene, isopropyl alcohol and lauroyl sarcosine; in terms of volume percentage of the debonding reagent, the volume percentage of terpinolene is 45-75%, the volume percentage of isopropyl alcohol is 1.5-5%, and the volume percentage of lauroyl sarcosine is 0.025-0.15%.

2. The method of de-encapsulation of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates of claim 1, wherein, in terms of volume percentage of the debonding reagent, the volume percentage of lauroyl sarcosine is 0.05-0.1%.

3. The method of de-encapsulation of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates of claim 1, wherein, in terms of volume percentage of the debonding reagent, the volume percentage of isopropyl alcohol is 2-4%.

4. The method of de-encapsulation of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates of claim 1, wherein, the stirring speed is 100-200 r / min.

5. The method of de-encapsulation of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates of claim 1 wherein, the stirring time is 10-11 hours.

6. The method of de-encapsulation of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates of claim 1 wherein, the immersing of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate in the debonding reagent is preceded by pretreatment of the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate.

7. The method of de-encapsulation of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates of claim 6, wherein, the pretreatment comprises disassembly treatment and cutting treatment.

8. The method of de-commissioning a retired photovoltaic laminate of claim 7, wherein, the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate after the cutting treatment has an outer diameter of ≤10 cm.

9. The method of de-encapsulation of decommissioned photovoltaic laminates of claim 1 wherein, the decommissioned photovoltaic laminate is at least one of decommissioned crystalline silicon photovoltaic laminate, decommissioned copper-indium-gallium-selenium photovoltaic laminate or panel, and decommissioned CdTe thin-film photovoltaic laminate.

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