Five-axis grinding machine

Abstract

The five-axis grinding machine comprises a workpiece clamp, a cooling disc is installed in the center of the workpiece clamp, the workpiece clamp is sleeved with a water supply ring, the water supply ring and the cooling disc are rotationally matched for supplying liquid to the cooling disc, the cooling disc is externally communicated with a middle spraying pipe, and a dispersing rod is slidably connected into the middle spraying pipe; the end part of the dispersion rod is fixedly connected with a dispersion sheet, and the dispersion sheet is provided with a rear-end dispersion ring at the outlet of the middle spray pipe for spraying liquid sprayed by the middle spray pipe in a round cover shape; a workpiece can be arranged outside the middle spray pipe in a sleeving mode, cooling liquid is sprayed out in an annular sheet shape and evenly sprayed to the inner ring of the workpiece, then an inner circle can be cooled and waste residues can be washed away when the inner circle is ground, the opening angle of the guide cover can be changed, the angle of the sprayed cooling liquid is changed accordingly, and the adjustable component speed is achieved in the length direction of the workpiece; and the spraying distance is changed, so that the internal grinding device is suitable for internal grinding of slender workpieces or workpieces with larger diameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding technology, specifically a five-axis grinding machine. Background Technology

[0002] Five-axis compound grinding machines can perform various grinding processes on workpieces, offering high flexibility and comprehensive functions. However, during internal grinding, the grinding wheels mostly penetrate deep into the workpiece for grinding, especially for workpieces with smaller diameters. Existing spray nozzles cannot effectively spray coolant onto the grinding area, failing to effectively cool down and remove debris, resulting in poor grinding effect on inner holes.

[0003] Existing technologies that use air jets or cooling structures on the spindle to cool the inner diameter have poor cooling effects. Air jet cooling increases the complexity of the spindle and can easily affect its accuracy. Cooling vibrations can also affect spindle operation, making them unsuitable for multi-axis grinding machines with high flexibility.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention designs a five-axis grinding machine to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a five-axis grinding machine to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that the existing spray nozzles cannot effectively spray coolant to the grinding area, cannot effectively cool down and remove debris, resulting in poor grinding effect of inner holes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a workpiece fixture, wherein a cooling disc is mounted at the center of the workpiece fixture, a water supply ring is provided on the outer sleeve of the workpiece fixture, the water supply ring is rotatably engaged with the cooling disc to supply liquid to the cooling disc, a central spray pipe is connected to the outside of the cooling disc, a dispersing rod is slidably connected inside the central spray pipe, a dispersing plate is fixedly connected to the end of the dispersing rod, and a rear dispersing ring is provided at the outlet of the central spray pipe for spraying the liquid sprayed from the central spray pipe in a dome shape.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the cooling disc is connected to multiple branch pipes, the workpiece fixture is fitted with a connecting ring, the connecting ring is connected to all the branch pipes, the water supply ring is located on one side of the connecting ring and is rotatably connected to it, the water supply ring is connected to the inside of the connecting ring, and the bottom of the water supply ring is connected to a liquid supply pipe.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a guide cover, a front end ring, and a rear retaining ring are sleeved on the outer side of the central nozzle. The guide cover is a rubber elastic cover. The rear retaining ring and the rear end dispersion ring clamp and fix the rear end of the guide cover inside. The front end ring is a two-piece clamping ring that can be closed by screws. The front end ring fixes and clamps the front end of the guide cover inside. A pressure ring is threadedly connected to the outer side of the central nozzle. The pressure ring is used to fix the rear retaining ring at the rear end dispersion ring. The front end ring and the rear retaining ring are distributed front and rear to pull the guide cover into a trumpet shape.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a base ring is fixedly connected to the outside of the central nozzle by a bending bracket, and the front end ring is connected to the central ring by multiple synchronous rods. An electric rod is installed between the base ring and the central ring. The extension or retraction of the output end of the electric rod can move the front end ring back and forth through the central ring. The back and forth movement of the front end ring can change the opening angle of the guide cover.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, an adjusting plate is slidably provided between the rear end dispersion ring and the dispersion plate of the central nozzle. The adjusting plate is sleeved on the inner side of the central nozzle through an extension sleeve. An adjusting inner ring is fixedly provided on the inner side of the central ring. The adjusting inner ring and the adjusting plate are connected by a sliding rod. The sliding rod passes through the rear end dispersion ring and the rear retaining ring and slides with it. The adjusting inner ring and the sliding rod are magnetically connected or connected by screws.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, an outer sleeve rod is installed inside the cooling disc, the dispersing rod is slidably connected inside the outer sleeve rod, an opening and closing motor is installed inside the outer sleeve rod, the output end of the opening and closing motor is fixedly connected to the dispersing rod, and a chamfered sealing gasket is fixedly connected to the rear end of the dispersing plate.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the central nozzle is connected to the cooling disc via a corrugated pipe. The interior of the central nozzle is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve via an inner frame. The outer sleeve extends through the center of the workpiece fixture and slides into it. A threaded sleeve is rotatably installed inside the workpiece fixture. A central square rod is slidably connected inside the outer sleeve. An extension nut is installed at the tail end of the outer sleeve. The extension nut is located inside the threaded sleeve and the two are threadedly engaged. The diameter of the outer sleeve is smaller than the diameter of the extension nut. The central square rod is fixedly connected to the inner side of the workpiece fixture.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, an end gear is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the workpiece threaded sleeve, an extension motor is fixedly installed inside the workpiece fixture, and a side gear is fixedly installed at the output end of the extension motor, the side gear meshing with the end gear.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a housing and a working platform. The working platform is installed inside the housing. A receiving ring is installed on the top of the working platform. A sponge ring is provided inside the receiving ring. A water drain pipe is connected to the bottom of the receiving ring. The receiving ring can move left and right on the surface of the working platform.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the top of the working platform is supported by a support and a multi-axis machine head, a turntable is installed on the front side of the support, the front side of the turntable is connected to the workpiece fixture, and a liquid storage tank is provided at the bottom of the working platform, which is connected to a drain pipe and a supply pipe.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The workpiece can be fitted outside the central nozzle, and coolant is introduced into the center of the cooling disc. The coolant then enters the central nozzle and is sprayed out in a ring shape by the action of the dispersing plate and the rear dispersing ring, evenly spraying it onto the inner circle of the workpiece. This allows for cooling and rinsing of waste residue on the inner circle during internal grinding.

[0017] The inner circular surface covering cooling eliminates the need to adjust the spray position. The inner circular grinding head can penetrate deeper into the workpiece, resulting in a larger grinding range. At the same time, under the centrifugal force generated by the joint rotation of the workpiece fixture and the workpiece during grinding, the annularly sprayed coolant can adhere perfectly to the inner wall of the workpiece and flow, thereby achieving a cooling and rinsing effect.

[0018] The front end ring clamps the front end of the guide cover and can move back and forth, lengthening or shortening the guide cover and thus changing the opening angle of the guide cover. This changes the spray angle of the coolant after it is guided by the guide cover, so that the sprayed coolant has an adjustable component velocity in the length direction of the workpiece, changing the spray distance. It is suitable for internal grinding of slender workpieces or workpieces with large diameters. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the workpiece fixture and cooling disk of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a half-section view of the workpiece fixture and cooling disk assembly of the present invention from a front and side perspective. Figure 3 This is an enlarged structural diagram of part A of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the change of the front end ring moving guide cover of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a half-section structural diagram of the workpiece fixture and cooling disk assembly side view of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an enlarged structural diagram of part B of the present invention; Figure 7This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the workpiece fixture and cooling disk assembly from a front and side view according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a top-view stepped cross-sectional view of the assembly of the workpiece fixture and cooling disk of the present invention. Figure 9 This is an enlarged structural diagram of part C of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the distributed installation of the working platform of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the overall installation of the present invention.

[0021] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Workpiece clamp; 2. Cooling disc; 3. Water supply ring; 4. Central nozzle; 5. Dispersing rod; 6. Dispersing plate; 7. Rear dispersion ring; 8. Branch pipe; 9. Connecting ring; 10. Liquid supply pipe; 11. Guide cover; 12. Front ring; 13. Rear retaining ring; 14. Pressure ring; 15. Bending bracket; 16. Base ring; 17. Synchronizing rod; 18. Central ring; 19. Electric rod; 20. Adjusting plate; 21. Extension cylinder; 22. Adjustment 23. Inner ring; 24. Slide rod; 25. Outer rod; 26. Start / stop motor; 27. Chamfered sealing gasket; 28. Bellows; 29. ​​Inner frame; 30. Threaded sleeve; 31. Middle square rod; 32. Extension nut; 33. End gear; 34. Extension motor; 35. Side gear; 36. Housing; 37. Working platform; 38. Receiving ring; 39. Sponge ring; 40. Drain pipe; 41. Liquid storage tank; 42. Pad; 43. Rubber ring. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Please see Figure 1-11 The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: it includes a workpiece fixture 1, a cooling disc 2 is installed at the center of the workpiece fixture 1, a water supply ring 3 is provided on the outer sleeve of the workpiece fixture 1, the water supply ring 3 is rotatably engaged with the cooling disc 2 to supply liquid to the cooling disc 2, a central nozzle 4 is connected to the outside of the cooling disc 2, a dispersing rod 5 is slidably connected inside the central nozzle 4, a dispersing plate 6 is fixedly connected to the end of the dispersing rod 5, and a rear dispersing ring 7 is provided at the outlet of the central nozzle 4 to spray the liquid sprayed from the central nozzle 4 in a dome shape.

[0023] When using this device, the workpiece is installed using the workpiece clamp 1, so that the workpiece can be sleeved outside the central nozzle 4. After the workpiece is installed, the rotation axis is aligned with the center of the central nozzle 4. After the workpiece is installed, coolant is introduced into the center of the cooling disc 2, and then enters the central nozzle 4. Under the action of the dispersing plate 6 and the rear dispersing ring 7, the coolant is sprayed out in a ring-shaped distribution, evenly spraying on the inner circle of the workpiece. Thus, during the inner circle grinding, the inner circle can be cooled and waste residue can be washed away. The annular coolant sprayed from the dispersion plate 6 and the rear dispersion ring 7 can cover the entire inner ring of the workpiece. Therefore, regardless of the working position of the inner grinding head, it can achieve the effects of cooling and rinsing off waste chips. Setting the cooling nozzle at the center of the workpiece fixture 1 solves the problem of the inconvenience of inserting external cooling pipes for cooling during inner grinding. At the same time, it can also achieve the effect of cooling grinding for some inner grinding with smaller diameters. The inner surface covering cooling does not require adjustment of the spray position or consideration of the position of the cooling pipe head. Therefore, the inner grinding head can penetrate deeper into the workpiece, resulting in a larger grinding range. At the same time, under the centrifugal force generated by the joint rotation of the workpiece fixture 1 and the workpiece during grinding, the annularly sprayed coolant can adhere to the inner wall of the workpiece and flow, thereby achieving the effects of cooling and rinsing.

[0024] Specifically, the coolant is supplied into the connecting ring 9 through the supply pipe 10 and the water supply ring 3, and then flows into the cooling disc 2 through multiple branch pipes 8. It is then sprayed out through the central nozzle 4, guided by the dispersing plate 6 and the rear dispersing ring 7. The size of the sprayed annular water curtain can be adjusted by the supply pressure. A higher supply pressure and a larger flow rate result in a larger diameter water curtain that can cover the inner circular surface with a larger diameter. When the workpiece fixture 1 and the workpiece rotate together during grinding, the water supply ring 3 rotates relative to the workpiece fixture 1 and connects with the connecting ring 9 to ensure the supply of coolant.

[0025] By providing a guide cover 11 on the outside of the dispersing plate 6, the sprayed water curtain can be changed to a cone-shaped water curtain with a forward spray state, thereby accelerating the flow speed along the length of the workpiece, avoiding the long-term accumulation of coolant on the inner wall of the workpiece, improving cooling efficiency, and facilitating the flushing out of grinding chips.

[0026] Reference Figures 3-6 Based on this, the middle ring 18 is driven by the electric rod 19 to move forward together with the front ring 12 via the synchronous rod 17. At this time, the rear dispersion ring 7 and the rear retaining ring 13 remain stationary. The front ring 12 clamps the front end of the guide cover 11 and moves forward, stretching the guide cover 11 and spreading it evenly, thereby reducing the opening angle of the guide cover 11. As a result, the spray angle of the coolant after being guided by the guide cover 11 also becomes smaller, so that the sprayed coolant has a larger component velocity in the length direction of the workpiece, and the spraying distance is also longer. This is suitable for the internal grinding of slender workpieces. If the middle ring 18 is driven to move backward together with the front ring 12 via the synchronous rod 17 through the electric rod 19, the rear dispersion ring 7 and the rear retaining ring 13 remain stationary. The front ring 12 clamps the front end of the guide cover 11 and moves backward, shortening the guide cover 11. The guide cover 11 contracts evenly, thereby increasing the opening angle of the guide cover 11. As a result, the sprayed coolant also sprays out at a larger angle after being guided by the guide cover 11. This results in the sprayed coolant having a larger component velocity in the diameter direction of the workpiece, and the sprayed cone-shaped water curtain has a larger diameter, which can cover the grinding cooling of workpieces with larger diameters.

[0027] Both the front and rear ends of the guide cover 11 are provided with annular protrusions, which facilitates the front end ring 12 to clamp and fix its front end, and also facilitates the rear end ring 13 and the rear end dispersing ring 7 to clamp and fix its rear end. The guide cover 11 is fixed from the rear side of the rear end dispersing ring 7 to the front, which also prevents the sprayed liquid from spreading backward. By tightening the pressure ring 14 forward, the rear pressure ring 13 can be pressed and fixed in the position that clamps and fixes the guide cover 11, which makes it easier to replace the guide cover 11.

[0028] Reference Figures 8-9 During the process of the electric rod 19 driving the middle ring 18 to move forward or backward together with the front ring 12 via the synchronous rod 17, the adjusting inner ring 22 can also be driven to move forward and backward. The adjusting inner ring 22 can drive the adjusting plate 20 to move forward or backward via the slide rod 23, thereby changing the gap size between the rear dispersion ring 7 and the dispersion plate 6. With the flow rate remaining constant, the gap is reduced to increase the water velocity, which in turn makes the sprayed cone water curtain faster. The water velocity increases with the forward movement of the front ring 12, which is suitable for workpieces with larger length and smaller diameter. Conversely, the water velocity is reduced, which is suitable for workpieces with smaller length. The adjusting inner ring 22 can be unconnected to the slide rod 23 in the initial state. When the front ring 12 moves forward to a certain extent, it is magnetically connected to the slide rod 23. At this time, the front ring 12 and the adjusting plate 20 move synchronously. When the guide cover 11 is stretched to near the limit position, the water velocity is further enhanced, and a longer coverage length is obtained.

[0029] When inner circle cooling is not required, the dispersing rod 5 is retracted by turning on the start / stop motor 25, which in turn seals the dispersing plate 6 and the water outlet of the central spray pipe 4. The chamfered sealing gasket 26 provides a better sealing effect, thereby shutting off the inner circle cooling, which is relatively simple and convenient.

[0030] Reference Figures 7-8By connecting the extension motor 33, the threaded sleeve 29 rotates through the transmission of the side gear 34 and the end gear 32. Under the action of the central square rod 30, the outer sleeve rod 24 and the extension nut 31 do not rotate, thereby driving the internally threaded extension nut 31 to move forward, so that the outer sleeve rod 24 extends forward, and the central nozzle 4 and the dispersion plate 6 extend forward together. At this time, the bellows 27 is stretched to adapt to the forward movement of the central nozzle 4. Thus, during internal grinding, the cooling central nozzle 4 can be moved forward a certain distance to reach the grinding position or be closer to the grinding position, increasing the applicable workpiece length range. At the same time, the spray cooling starting point can be changed, making it more suitable for the grinding position and achieving rapid cooling.

[0031] Before grinding, the receiving ring 37 can be adjusted to the front end of the workpiece to be ground. When grinding, the coolant sprayed into the workpiece will be thrown out along the front end face of the workpiece under the action of centrifugal force, and thus most of it will be received by the circumferential receiving ring 37. The thrown-out coolant will seep into the receiving ring 37 after being filtered through the sponge ring 38, and then be discharged through the drain pipe 39. The sponge ring 38 plays a filtering role and avoids splashing.

[0032] It should be noted that when installing the workpiece, the bottom of the workpiece can be raised by the pad 41 without being tightly attached to the workpiece fixture 1, so that the central spray pipe 4 can spray from the tail end of the workpiece as much as possible, covering the inner surface of the workpiece to the greatest extent; at the same time, a rubber ring 42 of appropriate size is placed on the tail end of the workpiece. The inner diameter of the rubber ring 42 is smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole of the workpiece, so that the rubber ring 42 seals the inner ring of the through hole at the tail end of the workpiece to a certain extent, preventing the coolant from flowing out of the rear end in large quantities when spraying cooling during grinding.

[0033] The receiving coil 37 can be connected and adjusted by bolts and multiple holes on the working platform 36, or by magnetic attraction or guide rail screw, which can make the receiving coil 37 stable and movable.

[0034] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the top of the working platform 36 is supported by a support and a multi-axis machine head. A turntable is installed on the front side of the support, and the front side of the turntable is connected to the workpiece fixture 1. The turntable drives the workpiece fixture 1 to rotate, thereby meeting the rotation requirements. The bottom of the working platform 36 is provided with a liquid storage tank 40, which is connected to the drain pipe 39 and the supply pipe 10 to facilitate the supply and circulation of coolant.

Claims

1. A five-axis grinding machine, comprising a workpiece fixture (1), characterized in that: The workpiece fixture (1) is equipped with a cooling disc (2) at its center. A water supply ring (3) is provided on the outer sleeve of the workpiece fixture (1). The water supply ring (3) is rotatably engaged with the cooling disc (2) to supply liquid to the cooling disc (2). A central nozzle (4) is connected to the outside of the cooling disc (2). A dispersing rod (5) is slidably connected inside the central nozzle (4). A dispersing plate (6) is fixedly connected to the end of the dispersing rod (5). A rear dispersing ring (7) is provided at the outlet of the central nozzle (4) to spray the liquid sprayed from the central nozzle (4) in a dome shape.

2. A five-axis grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling disc (2) is connected to multiple branch pipes (8). The workpiece clamp (1) is covered with a connecting ring (9). The connecting ring (9) is connected to all the branch pipes (8). The water supply ring (3) is located on one side of the connecting ring (9) and is rotatably connected to it. The water supply ring (3) is connected to the inside of the connecting ring (9). The bottom of the water supply ring (3) is connected to a liquid supply pipe (10).

3. A five-axis grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle nozzle (4) is fitted with a guide cover (11), a front end ring (12) and a rear retaining ring (13) on its outer side. The guide cover (11) is a rubber elastic cover. The rear retaining ring (13) and the rear end dispersion ring (7) clamp and fix the rear end of the guide cover (11) inside. The front end ring (12) is a two-piece clamping ring that can be closed by screws. The front end ring (12) fixes and clamps the front end of the guide cover (11) inside. The middle nozzle (4) is threaded with a pressure ring (14) on its outer side. The pressure ring (14) is used to fix the rear retaining ring (13) at the rear end dispersion ring (7). The front end ring (12) and the rear retaining ring (13) are distributed front and rear to pull the guide cover (11) into a trumpet shape.

4. A five-axis grinding machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central nozzle (4) is fixedly connected to a base ring (16) via a bent bracket (15). The front end ring (12) is connected to a central ring (18) via multiple synchronous rods (17). An electric rod (19) is installed between the base ring (16) and the central ring (18). The output end of the electric rod (19) can extend or retract, and the front end ring (12) can be moved back and forth via the central ring (18). The forward and backward movement of the front end ring (12) can change the opening angle of the guide cover (11).

5. A five-axis grinding machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: An adjusting plate (20) is slidably provided between the rear end dispersion ring (7) and the dispersion plate (6) of the central nozzle (4). The adjusting plate (20) is sleeved on the inner side of the central nozzle (4) through the extension tube (21). An adjusting inner ring (22) is fixedly provided on the inner side of the central ring (18). The adjusting inner ring (22) and the adjusting plate (20) are connected by a sliding rod (23). The sliding rod (23) passes through the rear end dispersion ring (7) and the rear retaining ring (13) and slides with it. The adjusting inner ring (22) and the sliding rod (23) are magnetically connected or connected by screws.

6. A five-axis grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling disc (2) is equipped with an outer sleeve rod (24), the dispersing rod (5) is slidably connected inside the outer sleeve rod (24), the outer sleeve rod (24) is equipped with an opening and closing motor (25), the output end of the opening and closing motor (25) is fixedly connected to the dispersing rod (5), and the rear end of the dispersing plate (6) is fixedly connected with a chamfered sealing gasket (26).

7. A five-axis grinding machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The central nozzle (4) is connected to the cooling disc (2) by a corrugated pipe (27). The interior of the central nozzle (4) is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve (24) by an inner frame (28). The outer sleeve (24) extends out of the middle of the workpiece clamp (1) and slides with it. A threaded sleeve (29) is rotatably installed inside the workpiece clamp (1). A central square rod (30) is slidably connected inside the outer sleeve (24). An extension nut (31) is installed at the tail end of the outer sleeve (24). The extension nut (31) is located inside the threaded sleeve (29) and the two are threaded together. The diameter of the outer sleeve (24) is smaller than the diameter of the extension nut (31). The central square rod (30) is fixedly connected to the inside of the workpiece clamp (1).

8. A five-axis grinding machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer ring of the workpiece threaded sleeve (29) is fixedly connected to an end gear (32), and an extension motor (33) is fixedly installed inside the workpiece fixture (1). A side gear (34) is fixedly installed at the output end of the extension motor (33), and the side gear (34) meshes with the end gear (32).

9. A five-axis grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a housing (35) and a working platform (36), the working platform (36) is installed inside the housing (35), a receiving ring (37) is installed on the top of the working platform (36), a sponge ring (38) is provided in the inner ring of the receiving ring (37), a water drain pipe (39) is connected to the bottom of the receiving ring (37), and the receiving ring (37) can move left and right on the surface of the working platform (36).

10. A five-axis grinding machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The top of the working platform (36) is supported by a support and a multi-axis machine head. A turntable is installed on the front side of the support. The front side of the turntable is connected to the workpiece fixture (1). The bottom of the working platform (36) is provided with a liquid storage tank (40). The liquid storage tank (40) is connected to the drain pipe (39) and the supply pipe (10).

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