A design method for differentiating treatment of surplus soil in power transmission line construction

Abstract

The application discloses a power transmission line construction residual soil differential treatment design method, and belongs to the technical field of water and soil conservation of electric power engineering. The method comprises the following steps: collecting multi-source data of a tower foundation construction area; extracting micro-terrain factors such as slope, slope direction and terrain undulation based on a digital elevation model; constructing an evaluation index system comprising terrain factors, ecological sensitive factors, engineering constraint factors and dynamic risk factors; based on the system, calculating the weight of each index through an entropy weight method, establishing an evaluation model and outputting micro-terrain sensitivity classification results; differentially designing residual soil treatment measures according to the classification of I to IV sensitive areas, including the combined application of natural slope, new blocking measures, new soil stabilizing materials and ecological restoration technology; finally, using digital twin technology to perform three-dimensional dynamic simulation and multi-scheme comparison and selection of the stacking scheme, and optimizing and determining the final disposal scheme. The application realizes the precision and ecology of residual soil treatment, and effectively improves the stability of the stacking body and the efficiency of ecological restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation technology in power engineering, specifically a design method for differentiated treatment of excess soil during power transmission line construction. Background Technology

[0002] With the optimization of my country's energy structure and the increasing demand for cross-regional power allocation, the construction of transmission lines has become a crucial support for ensuring power supply security. Currently, the construction of transmission lines in high-altitude, steep mountainous areas faces numerous severe challenges, among which the disposal of surplus construction soil is particularly prominent. The complex terrain (high altitude, steep mountains, slopes generally greater than 25°) and the unique ecological environment present significant challenges to engineering design and construction. On the one hand, the steep terrain and narrow construction space significantly increase the difficulty of transporting surplus construction soil, and traditional transportation methods are difficult to implement due to high transportation costs and road access restrictions. On the other hand, the project lines traverse ecologically sensitive areas such as water source protection areas, nature reserves, and permanent basic farmland, placing extremely high demands on ecological protection and soil and water conservation measures and their effectiveness. The relevant authorities are continuously strengthening environmental supervision and penalties during the construction process. Simultaneously, the steep slopes and limited space in the tower foundation construction area make it easy for surplus soil to cause secondary disasters such as landslides, soil erosion, and slope instability when piled up on-site. Site restoration and vegetation revegetation are also difficult, seriously threatening the stability and sustainability of the regional ecosystem.

[0003] Existing technologies and measures for handling surplus soil from power transmission line construction have significant shortcomings when dealing with the special conditions of high-altitude, steep mountainous areas. Traditional surplus soil handling measures only consider topographic slope, adopting off-site measures for construction on steep slopes (greater than 25°), without fully considering factors such as topography, lithology, ecology, and environment. In flat areas (slope 0~25°), surplus soil is treated on-site, but there is a lack of comprehensive multi-factor evaluation models for surplus soil stability treatment measures. Differentiated on-site treatment measures are not designed for surplus soil with different topography, lithology, and location environment. In terms of retaining and soil stabilization measures, the materials and processes are relatively traditional, making it difficult to meet the requirements of slope stability and ecological restoration efficiency in high-altitude, steep mountainous areas. In terms of design and simulation methods, there is a lack of advanced technical support, making it impossible to achieve dynamic optimization and accurate evaluation of surplus soil disposal schemes.

[0004] In summary, the treatment of surplus soil from power transmission line construction in high-altitude, steep mountainous areas faces two major challenges: high costs and difficulties in transporting surplus soil off-site, and significant ecological risks associated with on-site stockpiling. Existing treatment technologies are insufficient to meet the needs of both engineering construction and ecological protection. There is an urgent need to explore a differentiated on-site treatment method for surplus soil that adapts to the terrain characteristics of high-altitude, steep mountainous areas, in order to overcome the environmental and technical bottlenecks in project implementation and achieve coordinated development between power engineering construction and ecological environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a differentiated design method for handling surplus soil from power transmission line construction. By establishing a multi-factor evaluation model, the method can quickly achieve micro-topographic sensitivity classification of the tower foundation construction area. Based on the micro-topographic sensitivity, differentiated measures for handling surplus soil are designed. Digital twin technology is used to quickly simulate and compare multiple schemes for on-site dumping of surplus soil. This solves the problems of insufficient existing surplus soil handling measures, poor vegetation restoration effect, and insufficient stability of the dump body leading to environmental damage and soil erosion such as slope slippage and slag spillage in power transmission line construction.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is a design method for differentiated treatment of excess soil during power transmission line construction, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Collect multi-source data of the transmission line tower foundation construction area, including land use vector data, tower foundation excavation earthwork volume, digital elevation model, landform type, stratum lithology, rainfall intensity, runoff scour potential, soil type, proximity of ecologically sensitive areas, proximity of residential areas and earthquake zone, and perform data cleaning and quantification on the collected data.

[0008] S2: Extract micro-topographic factors based on the digital elevation model, including slope, aspect, and topographic relief;

[0009] S3: Construct a four-category evaluation index system comprising topographic factors, ecologically sensitive factors, engineering constraint factors, and dynamic risk factors; among which:

[0010] The topographic factors include land use vector data, landform type, stratigraphic lithology, slope, aspect, topographic relief, and soil type;

[0011] The ecologically sensitive factors include the proximity of ecologically sensitive areas;

[0012] The engineering constraint factors include the volume of earth and rock excavated for the tower foundation;

[0013] The dynamic risk factors include rainfall intensity, runoff erosion potential, proximity to residential areas, and proximity to earthquake zones.

[0014] S4: Based on the evaluation index system, calculate the weight of each evaluation index using the entropy weight method, establish an evaluation index evaluation model, and output the micro-topographic sensitivity classification results of the tower foundation construction area, including sensitive areas from level I to level IV.

[0015] S5: Design differentiated measures for handling excess soil based on sensitivity grading results:

[0016] In Class I sensitive areas, natural slope protection combined with ecological restoration will be adopted;

[0017] New barrier measures combined with ecological restoration are adopted in Level II sensitive areas;

[0018] The Level III sensitive area adopts a composite solution of new soil stabilization materials, new barrier measures and ecological restoration.

[0019] In Level IV sensitive areas, excess soil is removed from steep slopes for treatment, while in non-steep slopes, a combined approach of new soil stabilization materials, new retaining measures, and ecological restoration is adopted.

[0020] S6: Use digital twin technology to conduct a three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the surplus soil disposal plan and optimize and determine the final disposal plan.

[0021] Furthermore, the implementation of the entropy weight method in step S4 includes:

[0022] Standardize the evaluation indicators;

[0023] The entropy value Hn of the evaluation index is calculated using a probability distribution, and the entropy weight of the evaluation index is calculated based on the entropy value deviation. ;

[0024] According to entropy weight Calculate the comprehensive evaluation value And based on the comprehensive evaluation value Achieve micro-topographic sensitivity classification in the construction area.

[0025] Furthermore, the specific steps for implementing the entropy weight method are as follows:

[0026] S41, there are M evaluation objects for the treatment of excess soil at the base of the tower, and N evaluation indicators. The value of the nth evaluation indicator for the m-th evaluation object is defined as... Where M represents the number of sites for treating excess soil at the tower foundation, and N represents the number of evaluation indicators. The numerical values ​​of the evaluation indicators;

[0027] S42, for the numerical values ​​of each evaluation indicator Standardization is performed to obtain the indicator evaluation value. Evaluation index values The standardization method is as follows: indicator evaluation value

[0028]

[0029] in It is the minimum value among the evaluation index values ​​of the nth evaluation index corresponding to all tower foundation soil treatment points. The maximum value among the evaluation index values ​​of the nth evaluation index corresponding to all tower foundation soil treatment points;

[0030] S43, Calculate the entropy value of each evaluation index. The calculation method is shown in the following formula.

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, This represents the characteristic weight of the m-th evaluation object in the n-th evaluation index; This represents the entropy value of the nth evaluation index;

[0034] S44, Calculate the entropy weight of each evaluation index. The calculation method is shown in the following formula.

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, This represents the entropy weight of the nth evaluation index;

[0037] S45, Based on the calculation results in S44, calculate the comprehensive evaluation value for each evaluation object. The calculation method is as shown in the following formula. The comprehensive evaluation values ​​of each object are sorted to observe the relative advantages and disadvantages among the evaluation objects.

[0038]

[0039] S46, the comprehensive evaluation value calculated in S45. Threshold segmentation is performed to calculate the sensitivity level of the micro-topography in the construction area.

[0040] Furthermore, the threshold segmentation for sensitivity grading is based on the comprehensive evaluation value. Divided into four levels according to 0.25 intervals, ≤0.25 is Class I, 0.25 < ≤0.5 is Level II, 0.5 < ≤0.75 is classified as Level III. A value greater than 0.75 indicates a Category IV score.

[0041] Furthermore, in step S5, the novel soil-stabilizing material is a microbial-induced calcium carbonate deposition material, which generates calcium carbonate gel crystals by decomposing urea with urease produced by bacterial metabolism.

[0042] The ecological restoration adopts a triple nutrient self-circulation enhancement technology, which constructs a self-circulation system by synergistically applying plant growth regulators, microbial soil conditioners, microbial fertilizers and soil water retention agents;

[0043] The novel barrier is a three-dimensional biomimetic root structure, which uses basalt anchors to simulate the main root, natural coconut fiber mesh to simulate the lateral root, and induced mineralized mycelium to simulate the fibrous root, forming a three-dimensional protective net frame.

[0044] Furthermore, the implementation of digital twin technology in step S6 includes,

[0045] High-precision 3D reality models are generated through integrated air-to-ground laser scanning.

[0046] Integrate the GIM model of the tower base with the real-world model, and automatically calculate the earthwork volume based on GIS spatial analysis;

[0047] The environmental impact of the surplus soil disposal scheme is dynamically estimated using an evaluation model.

[0048] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By establishing a multi-factor evaluation model covering various topographic factors and ecological sensitivity factors, a refined classification of the micro-topographic sensitivity of the tower foundation construction area is achieved. This overcomes the problem of low matching degree between the evaluation results and actual ecological risks caused by using only topographic slope as a single evaluation indicator in existing technologies, thus improving the pertinence and accuracy of excess soil treatment. Based on the classification of micro-topographic sensitivity, differentiated treatment schemes are designed, and different retaining measures and vegetation restoration methods are adopted for different sensitive areas. This solves the "one-size-fits-all" technical bottleneck of existing technologies that use a uniform model for excess soil treatment and cannot adapt to complex micro-environmental differences. This ensures both the stability of the pile body and improves... Ecological restoration efficiency: By introducing digital twin technology to construct a three-dimensional digital model, various indicators under different stockpiling schemes are dynamically simulated and multiple schemes are compared. This breaks through the limitations of traditional design relying on experience and static calculations, and realizes the visualization, quantification, and optimization of surplus soil stockpiling schemes. It significantly reduces the ecological risks after the scheme is implemented, reduces the amount of surplus soil transported from the source, and controls the ecological risks of on-site stockpiling within the ecological red line. It solves the core contradiction between "high cost and difficulty in transporting surplus soil" and "high ecological risk of on-site stockpiling", and realizes the coordinated development of power engineering construction and ecological environmental protection. It provides a replicable and scalable technical paradigm for similar projects. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for differentiated treatment of excess soil during the construction of power transmission lines, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1: Collect multi-source data of the transmission line tower foundation construction area, including land use vector data, tower foundation excavation earthwork volume, digital elevation model, landform type, stratum lithology, rainfall intensity, runoff scour potential, soil type, proximity of ecologically sensitive areas, proximity of residential areas and earthquake zone, and perform data cleaning and quantification on the collected data.

[0053] S2: Extract micro-topographic factors based on the digital elevation model, including slope, aspect, and topographic relief;

[0054] S3: Construct a four-category evaluation index system comprising topographic factors, ecologically sensitive factors, engineering constraint factors, and dynamic risk factors; among which:

[0055] The topographic factors include land use vector data, landform type, stratigraphic lithology, slope, aspect, topographic relief, and soil type;

[0056] The ecologically sensitive factors include the proximity of ecologically sensitive areas;

[0057] The engineering constraint factors include the volume of earth and rock excavated for the tower foundation;

[0058] The dynamic risk factors include rainfall intensity, runoff erosion potential, proximity to residential areas, and proximity to earthquake zones.

[0059] S4: Based on the evaluation index system, calculate the weight of each evaluation index using the entropy weight method, establish an evaluation index evaluation model, and output the micro-topographic sensitivity classification results of the tower foundation construction area, including sensitive areas from level I to level IV.

[0060] S5: Design differentiated measures for handling excess soil based on sensitivity grading results:

[0061] In Class I sensitive areas, natural slope protection combined with ecological restoration will be adopted;

[0062] New barrier measures combined with ecological restoration are adopted in Level II sensitive areas;

[0063] The Level III sensitive area adopts a composite solution of new soil stabilization materials, new barrier measures and ecological restoration.

[0064] In Level IV sensitive areas, excess soil is removed from steep slopes for treatment, while in non-steep slopes, a combined approach of new soil stabilization materials, new retaining measures, and ecological restoration is adopted.

[0065] S6: Utilize digital twin technology to conduct three-dimensional dynamic simulation and multi-scheme comparison of surplus soil disposal plans, and optimize and determine the final disposal plan.

[0066] Furthermore, the implementation of the entropy weight method in step S4 includes:

[0067] Standardize the evaluation indicators;

[0068] The entropy value Hn of the evaluation index is calculated using a probability distribution, and the entropy weight of the evaluation index is calculated based on the entropy value deviation. ;

[0069] According to entropy weight Calculate the comprehensive evaluation value And based on the comprehensive evaluation value Achieve micro-topographic sensitivity classification in the construction area.

[0070] Furthermore, the specific steps for implementing the entropy weight method are as follows:

[0071] S41, there are M evaluation objects for the treatment of excess soil at the base of the tower, and N evaluation indicators. The value of the nth evaluation indicator for the m-th evaluation object is defined as... Where M represents the number of sites for treating excess soil at the tower foundation, and N represents the number of evaluation indicators. The numerical values ​​of the evaluation indicators;

[0072] S42, for the numerical values ​​of each evaluation indicator Standardization is performed to obtain the indicator evaluation value. Evaluation index values The standardization method is as follows: indicator evaluation value ;

[0073]

[0074] in It is the minimum value among the evaluation index values ​​of the nth evaluation index corresponding to all tower foundation soil treatment points. The maximum value among the evaluation index values ​​of the nth evaluation index corresponding to all tower foundation soil treatment points;

[0075] S43, Calculate the entropy value of each evaluation index. The calculation method is shown in the following formula.

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, This represents the characteristic weight of the m-th evaluation object in the n-th evaluation index; This represents the entropy value of the nth evaluation index;

[0079] S44, Calculate the entropy weight of each evaluation index. The calculation method is shown in the following formula.

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, This represents the entropy weight of the nth evaluation index;

[0082] S45, Based on the calculation results in S44, calculate the comprehensive evaluation value for each evaluation object. The calculation method is as shown in the following formula. The comprehensive evaluation values ​​of each object are sorted to observe the relative advantages and disadvantages among the evaluation objects.

[0083]

[0084] S46, the comprehensive evaluation value calculated in S45. Threshold segmentation is performed to calculate the sensitivity level of the micro-topography in the construction area.

[0085] Furthermore, the threshold segmentation for sensitivity grading is based on the comprehensive evaluation value. Divided into four levels according to 0.25 intervals, ≤0.25 is Class I, 0.25 < ≤0.5 is Level II, 0.5 < ≤0.75 is classified as Level III. A value greater than 0.75 indicates a Category IV score.

[0086] Furthermore, in step S5, the novel soil-stabilizing material is a microbial-induced calcium carbonate deposition material, which generates calcium carbonate gel crystals by decomposing urea with urease produced by bacterial metabolism.

[0087] The ecological restoration adopts a triple nutrient self-circulation enhancement technology, which constructs a self-circulation system by synergistically applying plant growth regulators, microbial soil conditioners, microbial fertilizers and soil water retention agents;

[0088] The novel barrier is a three-dimensional biomimetic root structure, which uses basalt anchors to simulate the main root, natural coconut fiber mesh to simulate the lateral root, and induced mineralized mycelium to simulate the fibrous root, forming a three-dimensional protective net frame.

[0089] Furthermore, the implementation of digital twin technology in step S6 includes,

[0090] High-precision 3D reality models are generated through integrated air-to-ground laser scanning.

[0091] Integrate the GIM model of the tower base with the real-world model, and automatically calculate the earthwork volume based on GIS spatial analysis;

[0092] The environmental impact of the surplus soil disposal scheme is dynamically estimated using an evaluation model.

[0093] Example 1

[0094] Taking the N28 tower foundation of a 500kV transmission line project in a mountainous area of ​​southwestern China as an example, the implementation process of the method of this invention will be explained in detail step by step. The tower foundation is located on a mountain ridge at an altitude of about 3,200 meters, with an average natural slope of about 28°. It is adjacent to the buffer zone of a national nature reserve, has high ecological sensitivity, and the construction site is cramped, making it extremely difficult to transport excess soil.

[0095] S1: Multi-source data acquisition and preprocessing

[0096] This step aims to build a comprehensive and accurate database of the foundation construction area for the tower base.

[0097] 1. Data Collection List and Sources:

[0098] Land use vector data: The construction boundary of tower foundation No. N28 was directly extracted from the GIM of the transmission line engineering design unit to accurately define the analysis scope.

[0099] Excavation volume of the tower foundation: Based on the design drawings, using the excavation dimensions of the foundation pit (22m in this example). 18m A preliminary estimate of 3.5m was made; at the same time, for accurate calculation, the earthwork volume will be calculated in conjunction with the high-precision DEM extracted from S2.

[0100] Digital Elevation Model (DEM): Using a drone equipped with a lidar to perform "air-ground integrated" scanning, high-precision DEM data with a resolution better than 0.5 meters is obtained, and the point cloud density reaches 16 points / square meter.

[0101] Geomorphological type and stratigraphic lithology: Drilling was commissioned to a professional geological survey unit, with a total of 5 exploration points set up at the four corners and center of the tower base. Drilling results showed that the surface layer consisted of 1.2-meter-thick gravelly silty clay, underlying moderately weathered sandstone. This data is archived in the form of an exploration report and core photographs.

[0102] Rainfall intensity and runoff scour potential: Maximum annual daily rainfall data for the past 20 years were obtained from the local meteorological bureau, and the design rainfall intensity for the region was calculated to be 85 mm / day. Runoff scour potential was quantitatively assessed using the R-factor and K-factor in the modified general soil loss equation.

[0103] Soil type: Based on soil samples from geological surveys and 1:50,000 soil maps, the soil type was determined to be gravelly loam.

[0104] Proximity of ecologically sensitive areas: Vector data of ecological protection red lines for nature reserves and water sources were obtained from provincial natural resources departments. Through GIS spatial analysis, the minimum Euclidean distance between the base boundary and the nearest national nature reserve boundary was calculated to be 520 meters.

[0105] Residential proximity: Using open-source geospatial data such as Tianditu or conducting field surveys, the nearest settlement (a village of about 20 households) was determined to be 1.8 kilometers away from Taji.

[0106] Earthquake zone proximity: According to the "China Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zoning Map" (GB18306-2015), the tower base is located in the 0.20g peak ground acceleration zone, 15 kilometers away from the main active fault zone.

[0107] 2. Data cleaning and quantification:

[0108] Unify all the above spatial data into the same coordinate system.

[0109] For continuous data, such as distance and rainfall intensity, normalize; for categorical data, use unique thermal coding or assign values ​​for quantification; for example, assign a value of 0.7 to the erosion resistance of sandstone and 0.5 to shale.

[0110] S2: Micro-topographic factor extraction

[0111] Using GIS software, automated extraction is performed based on the high-precision DEM acquired by S1:

[0112] Slope: Using the slope tool, the output unit is degrees (°). The results show that the average slope in the tower foundation construction area is 26°, and the maximum slope reaches 38°.

[0113] Slope Aspect: Using the slope aspect tool, the output unit is degrees (°). The results show that the slope aspect is mainly sunny (135°-225°), which is conducive to vegetation restoration.

[0114] Topographic relief: A 15m x 15m rectangle was used as the analysis window, and the standard deviation of the elevation within the window was calculated as the topographic relief index. The average relief of this area is 4.5 meters.

[0115] After extraction, the vector data of the tower base land area in S1 is used as a mask to crop out a micro-topographic factor raster map that belongs only to the construction area.

[0116] S3: Construction of Evaluation Index System

[0117] All indicators obtained from S1 and S2 are systematically categorized into the following four factor layers according to their physical and engineering significance, thus constructing a structured evaluation system (see Table 1).

[0118] Table 1: Example of Evaluation Index System for Excess Soil Treatment Measures at Tower Foundation No. N28

[0119]

[0120] S4: The steps for classifying micro-topography sensitivity based on the entropy weight method are as follows:

[0121] S41. Construct the initial matrix: Assume that a total of 15 tower bases need to be evaluated in this project (M = 15), and each tower base has 11 indicators (N = 11). The N28 tower base is one of them, and its initial indicator values form a row of the matrix. For example, the minimum value of the "proximity to ecological sensitive areas" for the 15 tower bases is 100 meters (the most sensitive), and the maximum value is 3000 meters (the least sensitive). The normalization of the 520 meters of the N28 tower base is: μ = (520 - 100) / (3000 - 100) ≈ 0.145.

[0122] S42. Calculate the entropy value and entropy weight:

[0123] According to the formula calculate the characteristic proportion of the m-th tower base under the n-th evaluation indicator.

[0124] According to the formula calculate the entropy value of the n-th evaluation indicator. After calculation, assume that the entropy value of "slope" H1 = 0.82, and the entropy value of "proximity to ecological sensitive areas" H2 = 0.45.

[0125] According to the formula calculate the entropy weight. The smaller the entropy value (such as H2 = 0.45), the greater the difference in this indicator among different tower bases, and its weight is higher. In this example, the weight of "proximity to ecological sensitive areas" will be significantly higher than that of "slope".

[0126] Calculate the comprehensive evaluation value: The comprehensive evaluation value of the N28 tower base . After calculation, rm of the N28 tower base is 0.68.

[0127] Sensitivity grading: According to the threshold (rm ≤ 0.25 is level I, 0.25 < rm ≤ 0.5 is level II, 0.5 < rm ≤ 0.75 is level III, rm > 0.75 is level IV), the N28 tower base is judged as a level III highly sensitive area.

[0128] S5: Design of differential surplus soil treatment measures

[0129] According to the grading result of S4, design a composite treatment plan for the N28 tower base:

[0130] New soil-solidifying materials: Use Sporosarcina pasteurii as the strain, and mix it with urea and calcium source solution. When compacting the surplus soil stack in layers, every 30 cm thick soil layer is laid, and the bacterial solution and cementing solution are evenly sprayed through the spraying system, and the spraying amount is about 5 L / square meter. Through the microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation technology, calcium carbonate crystals are generated in the soil pores to cement the loose soil particles, and it is expected to increase the unconfined compressive strength of the soil by 30% - 50%.

[0131] New retaining measures:

[0132] Main root: Basalt fiber anchors, 2.5 meters long and 25 mm in diameter, are arranged in a quincunx pattern at the toe and surface of the pile body, with a spacing of 1.5 meters, penetrating deep into the stable strata.

[0133] Lateral roots: Lay natural coconut fiber mesh on the slope with a mesh size of 50mm×50mm and firmly tie it to the anchor head.

[0134] Fibrous roots: When spraying bacterial solution, specific mycelia and fungal spores are mixed in, allowing them to grow in the soil and form a mycelial network, which plays a role in microscopic reinforcement.

[0135] Ecological restoration: Add plant growth regulator gibberellin to the slope (10cm thick), at a concentration of 50mg / kg soil.

[0136] Microbial soil conditioner: a compound inoculant containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, with a dosage of 2 kg / mu.

[0137] Microbial fertilizer: organic fertilizer (main component is humic acid), the dosage is 150 kg / mu.

[0138] Soil water retention agent: polyacrylamide (PAM), dosage is 3 kg / mu.

[0139] Vegetation: Select grass species (such as Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue) and shrubs (such as sea buckthorn) that are adapted to the local climate.

[0140] S6: Digital Twin Simulation and Solution Optimization

[0141] Model building: The 3D real-world model generated by LiDAR scanning in S1 is integrated with the GIM design model of the tower base on a professional platform to form a digital twin of the tower base area.

[0142] Parametric design of the solution: In a digital twin environment, design three waste soil disposal schemes:

[0143] Option A (Close-fitting stacking): The remaining soil is stacked close to the foundation pit to form a slope with a maximum height of 4 meters.

[0144] Option B (Graded Slope): Divide the remaining soil pile into two steps, each 2 meters high, and set up a horse walkway.

[0145] Option C (Dispersed Stacking): Utilize two relatively flat depressions within the construction area to disperse the stacking.

[0146] Dynamic simulation and comparison:

[0147] The system automatically calculates the earthwork balance and land area for each scheme.

[0148] The built-in hydrological module was invoked to simulate the slope stability and runoff sediment content of each scheme under a 50-year return period rainfall.

[0149] Visual assessment of the visual impact and potential ecological effects of each option on the nature reserve 520 meters away.

[0150] Optimization and Determination: Simulation results show that Scheme B is the optimal overall option in terms of stability, on-site earthwork balance rate, and ecological impact. Therefore, Scheme B is ultimately recommended, and further refined by combining it with the composite measures for Level III sensitive areas described in S5.

[0151] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for differentiated treatment of excess soil during power transmission line construction, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Collect multi-source data of the transmission line tower foundation construction area, including land use vector data, tower foundation excavation earthwork volume, digital elevation model, landform type, stratum lithology, rainfall intensity, runoff scour potential, soil type, proximity of ecologically sensitive areas, proximity of residential areas and earthquake zone, and perform data cleaning and quantification on the collected data. S2: Extract micro-topographic factors based on the digital elevation model, including slope, aspect, and topographic relief; S3: Construct a four-category evaluation index system comprising topographic factors, ecologically sensitive factors, engineering constraint factors, and dynamic risk factors; among which: The topographic factors include land use vector data, landform type, stratigraphic lithology, slope, aspect, topographic relief, and soil type; The ecologically sensitive factors include the proximity of ecologically sensitive areas; The engineering constraint factors include the volume of earth and rock excavated for the tower foundation; The dynamic risk factors include rainfall intensity, runoff erosion potential, proximity to residential areas, and proximity to earthquake zones. S4: Based on the evaluation index system, calculate the weight of each evaluation index using the entropy weight method, establish an evaluation index evaluation model, and output the micro-topographic sensitivity classification results of the tower foundation construction area, including sensitive areas from level I to level IV. S5: Design differentiated measures for handling excess soil based on sensitivity grading results: In Class I sensitive areas, natural slope protection combined with ecological restoration will be adopted; New barrier measures combined with ecological restoration are adopted in Level II sensitive areas; The Level III sensitive area adopts a composite solution of new soil stabilization materials, new barrier measures and ecological restoration. In Level IV sensitive areas, excess soil is removed from steep slopes for treatment, while in non-steep slopes, a combined approach of new soil stabilization materials, new retaining measures, and ecological restoration is adopted. S6: Use digital twin technology to conduct a three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the surplus soil disposal plan and optimize and determine the final disposal plan.

2. The method for differentiated treatment of residual soil during transmission line construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation of the entropy weight method in step S4 includes: Standardize the evaluation indicators; The entropy value Hn of the evaluation index is calculated using a probability distribution, and the entropy weight of the evaluation index is calculated based on the entropy value deviation. ; According to entropy weight Calculate the comprehensive evaluation value And based on the comprehensive evaluation value Achieve micro-topographic sensitivity classification in the construction area.

3. The method for differentiated treatment of residual soil during transmission line construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps for implementing the entropy weight method are as follows: S41, there are M evaluation objects for the treatment of excess soil at the tower foundation, and N evaluation indicators. The value of the nth evaluation indicator for the m-th evaluation object is defined as... Where M is the number of locations for treating the remaining soil at the tower base, N is the number of evaluation indicators, and λ is the value of the evaluation indicator. S42, for the numerical values ​​of each evaluation indicator Standardization is performed to obtain the indicator evaluation value. Evaluation index values The standardization method is as follows: indicator evaluation value ; in It is the minimum value among the evaluation index values ​​of the nth evaluation index corresponding to all tower foundation soil treatment points. The maximum value among the evaluation index values ​​of the nth evaluation index corresponding to all tower foundation soil treatment points; S43, Calculate the entropy value of each evaluation index. The calculation method is shown in the following formula. In the formula, This represents the characteristic weight of the m-th evaluation object in the n-th evaluation index; This represents the entropy value of the nth evaluation index; S44, Calculate the entropy weight of each evaluation index. The calculation method is shown in the following formula. In the formula, This represents the entropy weight of the nth evaluation index; S45, Based on the calculation results in S44, calculate the comprehensive evaluation value of each evaluation object. The calculation method is as shown in the following formula. The comprehensive evaluation values ​​of each object are sorted to observe the relative advantages and disadvantages among the evaluation objects. S46, the comprehensive evaluation value calculated in S45. Threshold segmentation is performed to calculate the sensitivity level of the micro-topography in the construction area.

4. The method for differentiated treatment of residual soil during transmission line construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The threshold segmentation for sensitivity grading is based on the comprehensive evaluation value. Divided into four levels according to 0.25 intervals, ≤0.25 is Class I, 0.25 < ≤0.5 is Level II, 0.5 < ≤0.75 is classified as Level III. A value greater than 0.75 indicates a Category IV score.

5. The method for differentiated treatment of residual soil during transmission line construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the novel soil-stabilizing material is a microbial-induced calcium carbonate deposition material, which generates calcium carbonate gel crystals by decomposing urea with urease produced by bacterial metabolism. The ecological restoration adopts a triple nutrient self-circulation enhancement technology, which constructs a self-circulation system by synergistically applying plant growth regulators, microbial soil conditioners, microbial fertilizers and soil water retention agents; The novel barrier is a three-dimensional biomimetic root structure, which uses basalt anchors to simulate the main root, natural coconut fiber mesh to simulate the lateral root, and induced mineralized mycelium to simulate the fibrous root, forming a three-dimensional protective net frame.

6. The method for differentiated treatment of residual soil during transmission line construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation of digital twin technology in step S6 includes, High-precision 3D reality models are generated through integrated air-to-ground laser scanning. Integrate the GIM model of the tower base with the real-world model, and automatically calculate the earthwork volume based on GIS spatial analysis; The environmental impact of the surplus soil disposal scheme is dynamically estimated using an evaluation model.

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