A Method for Constructing a Multiphysics Collaborative Simulation Model of Electricity, Heat, Fluidity, and Gas

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of data analysis technology, specifically to a method for constructing a multi-physics collaborative simulation model of electro-thermal-fluid-gas fields. The method includes: collecting temperature data from multiple locations in an electrolytic cell and acquiring fluid velocity; defining a temperature range based on the temperature data and analyzing the temperature range to determine the local high-temperature compliance; screening local high-temperature regions based on the local high-temperature compliance, analyzing these regions to determine the bubble retention compliance, and obtaining the bubble retention degree based on the bubble retention compliance and the area of ​​the local high-temperature region; obtaining the actual bubble retention degree by combining the bubble retention degree with the fluid velocity at the corresponding moment; obtaining the actual flow velocity based on the actual bubble retention degree, and adjusting the electrolysis voltage based on the severity of bubble retention; and visually displaying the actual flow velocity and the adjusted electrolysis voltage. After eliminating local high-temperature interference caused by density inhomogeneity based on the temperature data, the method analyzes bubble retention, corrects the fluid velocity, and adjusts the electrolysis voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data analysis technology, specifically to a method for constructing a multi-physics collaborative simulation model of electro-thermal-fluid-gas fields. Background Technology

[0002] By adaptively adjusting parameters such as electrolyte flow rate and operating voltage, the fluid shear force and bubble nucleation rate at the electrode-electrolyte interface can be dynamically optimized. Higher flow rate enhances the stripping and flushing effect on trapped bubbles, while voltage regulation controls the amount and size of bubbles generated from the source. Through the coordinated regulation mechanism of flow rate and voltage, the gas holdup is effectively reduced, diffusion resistance and ohmic overpotential are decreased, and the overall mass transfer efficiency and overall energy efficiency of the electrolyzer are improved.

[0003] Traditional methods rely solely on the temperature of localized high-temperature areas to determine the degree of bubble retention in electrolytic cells, neglecting the interference of uneven current density on localized high temperatures. This leads to inaccurate assessment of the local potential structure during electrolysis, which in turn affects the accuracy of adjusting electrolytic cell parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem that traditional methods rely solely on the temperature of localized high-temperature regions to determine bubble retention, neglecting other factors that could interfere with localized high temperatures and thus affect the accuracy of electrolytic cell parameter adjustments, this invention aims to provide a method for constructing a multi-physics-field collaborative simulation model involving electro-thermal-fluid-gas fields. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0005] Acquire the electrolytic cell, collect temperature data at multiple locations within the electrolytic cell, and obtain fluid velocity;

[0006] Determine the temperature range based on the temperature data, and analyze the temperature range to determine the local high temperature compliance.

[0007] Local high temperature regions are screened based on the compliance of local high temperature, and the bubble retention compliance of local high temperature regions is analyzed. The degree of bubble retention is obtained by combining the bubble retention compliance with the area of ​​the local high temperature region.

[0008] The actual bubble retention degree is obtained by combining the bubble retention degree with the fluid velocity at the corresponding moment. The actual flow velocity is obtained based on the actual bubble retention degree, and the electrolysis voltage is adjusted according to the severity of bubble retention.

[0009] The actual flow rate and adjusted electrolysis voltage are visualized.

[0010] Preferably, temperature data is collected from multiple locations within the electrolytic cell, specifically:

[0011] Acquire the data acquisition equipment, construct a temperature field for the electrolytic cell, preset the deployment cost of the data acquisition equipment, determine the deployment location of the data acquisition equipment in the temperature field based on the deployment cost, and collect temperature data at each deployment location.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature range is defined based on the temperature data, and the local high temperature compliance is determined by analyzing the temperature range, including:

[0013] Clustering of temperature data at different locations in the electrolytic cell at the same time yields several temperature ranges.

[0014] The average temperature data for all temperature ranges at the current analysis time is averaged to obtain the temperature value for the corresponding temperature range. The lowest temperature value is obtained by comparison. The local high temperature compliance of the corresponding temperature range is obtained by combining the lowest temperature value and the temperature value of each temperature range.

[0015] Preferably, the local high-temperature regions are screened based on the local high-temperature compliance, and the bubble retention compliance in the local high-temperature regions is analyzed, including:

[0016] Set a filtering threshold. If the local high temperature compliance is greater than the filtering threshold, the temperature range corresponding to the local high temperature compliance is the local high temperature region.

[0017] Based on the local high temperature region, the temperature rise start time is obtained, and the time interval between the corresponding time of the local high temperature region and the temperature rise start time is determined.

[0018] Obtain the local high temperature compliance of all local high temperature regions at all times, filter the maximum local high temperature compliance to obtain the difference between the local high temperature compliance of the currently analyzed local high temperature region, and combine the time interval to determine the bubble retention compliance.

[0019] Preferably, obtaining the temperature rise initiation time based on a localized high-temperature region includes:

[0020] Based on the corresponding time of the local high temperature region, all temperature ranges of the adjacent previous time are filtered to obtain the corresponding temperature range of the local high temperature region at the adjacent previous time.

[0021] Determine the local high temperature compliance rate within the corresponding temperature range. If it is less than the screening threshold, the current time within the corresponding temperature range is the starting time of the temperature rise.

[0022] Preferably, the degree of bubble retention is determined based on the bubble retention conditions combined with the area of ​​the local high-temperature region, including:

[0023] The local high-temperature region of bubble retention is determined by the bubble retention condition, the area of ​​the local high-temperature region of bubble retention is obtained, and the area of ​​the local high-temperature region of bubble retention at all times is selected to obtain the maximum area.

[0024] The degree of bubble retention is obtained by combining the ratio of the area of ​​the local high-temperature region where bubbles are trapped to the maximum area, and the bubble retention conditions.

[0025] Preferably, the actual bubble retention degree is obtained by combining the bubble retention degree with the fluid velocity at the corresponding moment, and the actual flow velocity is obtained based on the actual bubble retention degree, including:

[0026] Obtain the fluid velocity at the corresponding moment of bubble retention and normalize it, then combine it with the bubble retention level to determine the actual bubble retention level;

[0027] The maximum actual bubble retention degree is obtained by screening the local high-temperature areas where all bubbles are trapped at the current analysis time, and then normalizing the process to correct the fluid velocity at the current analysis time to obtain the actual flow rate.

[0028] Preferably, adjusting the electrolysis voltage based on the severity of bubble retention includes:

[0029] The number of locally high-temperature regions where bubbles are trapped at the current analysis time is counted, and the actual bubble trapping degree of all locally high-temperature regions where bubbles are trapped at the current analysis time is calculated by summing them up to obtain the severity of bubble trapping.

[0030] Set a judgment threshold. If the severity of bubble retention is greater than the judgment threshold, obtain the electrolysis voltage at the current analysis time, adjust the electrolysis voltage at the current analysis time in combination with the severity of bubble retention, adjust the wall lubrication coefficient of the electrolytic cell, obtain the fluid velocity again, and iterate the actual degree of bubble retention.

[0031] Preferably, adjusting the wall lubrication coefficient corresponding to the electrolytic cell includes:

[0032] The maximum actual bubble retention degree is obtained by screening all local high-temperature areas where bubbles are retained at the corresponding moment based on the actual flow rate. The degree of adjustment of the wall lubrication coefficient is obtained by combining the difference between the fluid velocity and the actual flow rate.

[0033] Obtain the adjustment reference value of the wall lubrication force coefficient, and determine the actual adjustment value of the wall lubrication force coefficient by adjusting the reference value and the degree of adjustment;

[0034] The wall lubrication coefficient is adjusted by gradually subtracting the actual value until the fluid velocity obtained by CFD simulation is the same as the actual flow velocity. The current wall lubrication coefficient is then defined as the final wall lubrication coefficient.

[0035] Preferably, the fluid velocity is reacquired, and the actual bubble retention degree is iterated, specifically as follows:

[0036] Based on the final wall lubrication coefficient, the fluid velocity is re-obtained through CFD simulation, and the actual bubble retention degree is re-determined in combination with the bubble retention degree.

[0037] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] Temperature data from multiple locations within the electrolytic cell were collected, temperature ranges were defined, and the temperature distribution was analyzed to assess the bubble retention in different areas of the cell, determining the degree of localized high temperatures and whether these high temperatures were caused by bubble retention. Localized high-temperature areas were selected and their internal temperature changes were used to determine the degree of bubble retention, thus eliminating interference from uneven density. The area of ​​these localized high-temperature areas was analyzed to determine the degree of bubble retention, which was then adjusted based on changes in electrolyte flow rate. The severity of bubble retention was further determined; in cases of severe retention, the electrolysis voltage was adjusted to reduce bubble generation, effectively addressing the high-temperature changes caused by bubble retention, reducing wear and tear on the electrolytic cell, and extending its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for constructing a multiphysics-physics-gas co-simulation model, which is provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an electrolytic cell for constructing a multi-physics field co-simulation model of electro-thermal-fluid-gas according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a method for constructing a multiphysics-physics-gas co-simulation model based on the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0044] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the specific scheme of the method for constructing a multi-physics field collaborative simulation model of electro-thermal-fluid-gas provided by the present invention.

[0045] Existing methods for obtaining electrolytic cell parameters only assess the degree of bubble retention based on the temperature performance of localized high-temperature areas, failing to exclude interference from other factors such as uneven current density, resulting in low accuracy of electrolytic cell parameters. Therefore, this method assesses the bubble retention in different areas based on the temperature distribution within the electrolytic cell, analyzes the internal temperature changes in localized high-temperature areas to eliminate interference from uneven current density, and then adjusts the bubble retention under different conditions based on the impact of electrolyte flow rate changes. Furthermore, when the degree of bubble retention is severe, the electrolysis voltage is adjusted.

[0046] Please combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 It shows a flowchart of the steps for constructing a multi-physics co-simulation model of electro-thermal-fluid-gas provided in the first embodiment of the present invention and a schematic diagram of an electrolytic cell. The method includes:

[0047] Step S1: Obtain the electrolytic cell, collect temperature data at multiple locations within the electrolytic cell, and acquire fluid velocity;

[0048] Step S2: Determine the temperature range based on the temperature data, and analyze the temperature range to determine the local high temperature compliance.

[0049] Step S3: Screen local high temperature areas based on the local high temperature compliance, analyze the local high temperature areas to determine the bubble retention compliance, and obtain the bubble retention degree based on the bubble retention compliance and the area of ​​the local high temperature area.

[0050] Step S4: Obtain the actual bubble retention degree by combining the bubble retention degree with the fluid velocity at the corresponding moment, obtain the actual flow rate based on the actual bubble retention degree, and adjust the electrolysis voltage according to the severity of bubble retention.

[0051] Step S5: Visualize the actual flow rate and the adjusted electrolysis voltage.

[0052] To better illustrate this, the synergistic effect of multiple physical fields (electricity, heat, flow, and gas) in an electrolytic cell refers to the interaction of the electric field, thermal field, flow field, and gas field. The electric field represents the voltage applied during electrolysis, which determines the intensity and direction of the current flowing through the electrolyte. The thermal field refers to the temperature within the electrolytic cell, which is used to explain the gas field. The flow field refers to the electrolyte velocity, which promotes mass transfer and improves electrolysis efficiency. The gas field reflects the retention of air bubbles in the electrolytic cell. The formation and movement of bubbles directly affect the stability and efficiency of the electrolysis process, and excessive bubble retention hinders electrolyte flow, impacting the electrolysis effect. Therefore, a synergistic simulation model for multiple physical fields is constructed to determine the specific causes of localized high temperatures in the electrolytic cell through multiple factors, eliminate the influence of bubble retention on the electrolysis voltage, and reduce bubble generation.

[0053] As an optional implementation, the electrolyzer typically includes an alkaline electrolyzer and a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. The alkaline electrolyzer uses potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide as the electrolyte, while the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer typically uses a solid proton exchange membrane and the electrolyte is composed of a strong acid solution such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.

[0054] Furthermore, in step S1, temperature data is collected at multiple locations within the electrolytic cell, specifically as follows:

[0055] Acquire the data acquisition equipment, construct a temperature field for the electrolytic cell, preset the deployment cost of the data acquisition equipment, determine the deployment location of the data acquisition equipment in the temperature field based on the deployment cost, and collect temperature data at each deployment location.

[0056] Preferably, in this embodiment, the acquisition device is a temperature sensor, and a thermocouple is selected as the temperature sensor, which has the characteristics of fast response and high accuracy, and can monitor temperature fluctuations in the electrolysis process in real time. In practical applications, in order to protect the thermocouple from electrolyte corrosion, it is usually encapsulated in a protective sleeve made of corrosion-resistant material to extend its service life.

[0057] Specifically, the electrolytic cell generates initial points using a three-dimensional mesh model. Each intersection of the grid in the three-dimensional mesh model serves as an initial point, covering both the internal and external spaces of the entire electrolytic cell to ensure accurate simulation of the temperature field. The locations of the data acquisition devices are defined as target points. Based on the actual operating data of the electrolytic cell, the real-time temperature of each initial point is recorded. Using an inverse distance weighted interpolation algorithm, the temperature field is constructed based on the distance between each initial point and the target point. The deployment locations of the data acquisition devices are optimized by controlling deployment costs. That is, based on the actual situation, the deployment costs of the data acquisition devices are minimized. The deployment locations of the data acquisition devices in the electrolytic cell are obtained through the temperature field and the minimum deployment cost.

[0058] It can be explained that the placement locations are usually the contact areas of supports, partitions, and equipment components in the electrolytic cell, as well as the bottom and side walls of the electrolytic cell. In the contact areas, the unevenness of the electrode surface and the gaps formed at the connection points of related internal structures are high-risk areas for bubble retention. At the bottom of the electrolytic cell, due to gravity, bubbles may accumulate in corners and edges, forming a bubble layer that is difficult to remove, resulting in poor electrolyte circulation. The side walls will experience retention due to the rising and adhesion of bubbles, hindering the release of gases during the electrolysis process.

[0059] Next, the temperature at each location in the electrolytic cell is collected in real time by thermocouples, and high-precision time synchronization between multiple temperature sensors is achieved through synchronization protocols such as PTP (Precision Time Protocol). Nanosecond-level synchronization is achieved by using hardware timestamps and network transmission delay calculations to ensure the stability of temperature data throughout the electrolysis process.

[0060] As explained, in step S1, the fluid velocity is obtained by using a 3D CAD (3D Computer-Aided Design) model of the fluid flow space in the electrolyzer, a pressure-based solver, a multiphase flow model, a turbulence model, etc., and then analyzing and outputting the most suitable electrolyte fluid velocity and flow field distribution arrangement for the current electrolyzer through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation methods.

[0061] The system includes a 3D CAD model of the electrolyzer's fluid flow space, which provides a detailed view of the internal structure of the electrolyzer, including the design of electrodes, diaphragms, and flow channels; a pressure-based solver for accurately calculating the behavior of the electrolyte fluid under high pressure, used for the main dynamics calculations; a multiphase flow model to simulate the interaction between the electrolyte and gas, capturing interfacial phenomena; and a turbulence model to depict the turbulent characteristics of the fluid. Specifically, the 3D CAD model... The CAD model is imported into the CFD for mesh generation. A pressure-based solver is used to solve the velocity and pressure fields of the fluid. The pressure field solution is correlated with the velocity field through a pressure-velocity coupling algorithm. A turbulence model is used to calculate turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate to accurately describe the fluid's velocity distribution and energy exchange. A multiphase flow model is used to simulate the interaction between bubbles and the electrolyte, handling mass transfer and momentum exchange in the gas-liquid two-phase fluid. This allows the CFD solver to obtain the fluid velocity, pressure, and turbulence intensity distribution at different locations within the electrolytic cell, ultimately outputting a suitable electrolyte flow rate, i.e., the fluid velocity. This fluid velocity is used to control the electrolyte flow in the electrolytic cell, performing corresponding electrolysis operations, and making adjustments based on subsequent data analysis.

[0062] Understandably, during the electrolysis process in an electrolytic cell, gaseous products insoluble in the electrolyte are generated on the electrode surface, forming tiny and dense bubbles in the electrolyte. These bubbles are discharged with the flow of the electrolyte. However, due to improper arrangement of components in the electrolytic cell, bubbles may become trapped in areas such as the electrode grooves, which are high-incidence areas of bubble trapping. This hinders the effective flow of the electrolyte, preventing heat from dissipating in time and causing the temperature in these high-incidence areas to rise, forming localized high-temperature zones. This not only affects the electrolysis efficiency but may also damage the electrolytic cell.

[0063] Further, step S2 includes:

[0064] Step S21: Cluster the temperature data at different locations in the electrolytic cell at the same time to obtain several temperature ranges.

[0065] Optionally, the DBSCAN density clustering algorithm is used to cluster the temperature data to obtain multiple cluster ranges. Each cluster range corresponds to a temperature range, which reflects the heat distribution at different locations in the electrolytic cell at the same time. Among them, the DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithm can effectively identify dense and sparse regions in the temperature data to accurately divide the temperature range, which is beneficial to understanding the temperature change pattern in the electrolytic cell.

[0066] For better illustration, in this embodiment, based on time... To perform analysis, that is, at time... Multiple temperature ranges are obtained, denoted as , Indicates time The total number of corresponding temperature ranges.

[0067] Step S22: Average the temperature data of all temperature ranges at the current analysis time to obtain the temperature value of the corresponding temperature range. Obtain the lowest temperature value by comparison. Combine the lowest temperature value with the temperature value of each temperature range to obtain the local high temperature compliance of the corresponding temperature range.

[0068] To clarify, during the analysis process, at any given time... The Middle The temperature range will be explained.

[0069] Specifically, the first The average value is obtained by averaging all temperature data within a given temperature range. This average value is used as the first... The temperature values ​​within a temperature range are denoted as... Similarly, the time is obtained. The lowest temperature value is obtained by filtering all temperature values ​​within the given temperature range and denoted as . Then, the local high temperature compliance within the temperature range is calculated, and the corresponding calculation formula is:

[0070]

[0071] in, Indicates time The Middle Local high temperature compliance within a temperature range; This is used to prevent the temperature difference between the minimum temperature value and the temperature range from being zero.

[0072] It should be noted that in practice, the lowest temperature value may be the temperature range currently being analyzed, i.e. and They may be equal, therefore, to ensure that the temperature difference is meaningful, we use... The process is carried out in a manner that is appropriate for the temperature value. The larger the value, the lower the minimum temperature value. The larger the difference, the more it indicates that the first... The larger the temperature data within a given temperature range corresponds to a region within the electrolytic cell compared to other regions, the more likely that region is a localized high-temperature area. The localized high-temperature compliance is then normalized using the max-min normalization method to obtain... Its range is The core principle of the maximum-minimum normalization method is to determine the maximum and minimum values ​​of the local high temperature compliance for all temperature ranges, then subtract the minimum value from each local high temperature compliance value, and divide by the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​to obtain the normalized result. This eliminates the influence of dimensions and provides a basis for subsequent data processing.

[0073] Understandably, conditions such as bubble retention and uneven current density within the electrolytic cell can lead to localized high temperatures. Localized high temperatures caused by uneven current density are significantly affected by the current, and their changes are almost synchronous with the current. That is, when the current increases, the heat generation increases immediately according to a square relationship, and the temperature rises rapidly. However, localized high temperatures caused by bubble retention are relatively slow and have inertia. Their temperature changes lag behind the current changes, and the rate of increase is relatively slow. Therefore, by observing the temperature rise changes, we can eliminate the interference of high temperatures caused by uneven current density distribution.

[0074] Further, in step S3, local high-temperature regions are screened based on the local high-temperature compliance, and the bubble retention compliance in these regions is analyzed, including:

[0075] Step SA31: Set a screening threshold. If the local high - temperature compliance is greater than the screening threshold, the temperature range corresponding to the local high - temperature compliance is the local high - temperature area.

[0076] As an optional implementation, in this embodiment, the screening threshold is 0.7, which is specifically set according to the actual situation.

[0077] Specifically, when the local high - temperature compliance is greater than the screening threshold, that is, if the normalized local high - temperature compliance at time in the th temperature range is the local high - temperature area, that is, the area in the electrolytic cell corresponding to the th temperature range is the local high - temperature area; conversely, at time in the th temperature range shows relatively normal temperature performance, that is, there may be no situation of bubble retention.

[0078] Step SA32: Based on the local high - temperature area, obtain the starting time of temperature rise and determine the time interval between the time corresponding to the local high - temperature area and the starting time of temperature rise.

[0079] It should be noted that the starting time of temperature rise refers to the time point when the area in the electrolytic cell begins to experience the temperature - rising process, which is used to judge whether the temperature change is slow or rapid.

[0080] Furthermore, in step SA32, obtaining the starting time of temperature rise based on the local high - temperature area includes:

[0081] Step SA321: Screen all temperature ranges at the adjacent previous time according to the time corresponding to the local high - temperature area, and obtain the corresponding temperature range of the local high - temperature area at the adjacent previous time.

[0082] For better illustration, assume that the th temperature range in time is determined as the local high - temperature area. Based on this, select time for analysis. At time multiple temperature ranges are defined, denoted as , represents the total number of temperature ranges corresponding to time . Compare each temperature range in time with the th temperature range in time . Find the temperature range with the most overlapping temperature data with the th temperature range in time , denoted as . Then, the th temperature range in time Temperature range and time The Middle Each temperature range corresponds to a specific temperature range.

[0083] Step SA322: Determine the local high temperature compliance of the corresponding temperature range. If it is less than the screening threshold, the current time of the corresponding temperature range is the starting time of the temperature rise.

[0084] It can be explained that, based on step S2, the local high temperature compliance of the corresponding temperature range determined in step SA321 is obtained similarly, that is, the first... The local high temperature compliance within a temperature range is denoted as . After normalization, we obtain ,like This indicates that at that moment For a moment The Middle The onset time of temperature rise within a temperature range; conversely, if , indicating the time The Middle Each temperature range is also a localized high-temperature region, so the time can be determined similarly according to step SA321. Adjacent previous time In time The Middle The corresponding temperature range for each temperature range is determined, and so on, until the current analysis time is determined. The initial time of temperature rise is denoted as .

[0085] Next, in step SA32, the time interval between the corresponding time of the local high-temperature region and the time of the onset of temperature rise is determined; based on the time... With the start of the temperature rise Calculate the time interval, denoted as , indicating based on time The Middle The temperature rise start time is determined for a specific temperature range. The time interval between them.

[0086] Step SA33: Obtain the local high temperature compliance of all local high temperature regions at all times, filter the maximum local high temperature compliance to obtain the difference between the local high temperature compliance of the currently analyzed local high temperature region, and judge the bubble retention compliance in combination with the time interval.

[0087] Specifically, time The Middle Each temperature range is considered a locally high-temperature region. The explanation is based on this locally high-temperature region. The local high-temperature compliance rate for each locally high-temperature region at each time point is determined through the aforementioned steps, and then compared and filtered to obtain the maximum local high-temperature compliance rate, denoted as [missing information]. This allows us to determine the bubble retention status, and the corresponding calculation formula is:

[0088]

[0089] in, Indicates time The Middle Bubble retention within a temperature range meets the requirements; Indicates time The Middle Local high temperature compliance within a temperature range; This is used to prevent the difference between the maximum local high temperature compliance and the local high temperature compliance corresponding to the currently analyzed local high temperature region from being zero. This indicates normalization processing.

[0090] It can be noted that when the difference between the maximum local high temperature compliance and the local high temperature compliance corresponding to the currently analyzed local high temperature region is small, that is... Smaller, and time interval The longer the time, the more important it is to pay attention to this. The larger the value, the more likely it is to indicate a localized high-temperature region in the current analysis. The localized high temperature is obvious and the temperature rises slowly, indicating that this localized high temperature area is more consistent with the localized high temperature situation of the electrolytic cell caused by bubble retention.

[0091] Preferably, the maximum-minimum normalization method is used for... After normalization, we get Its range is .

[0092] Further, in step S3, the degree of bubble retention is obtained based on the bubble retention conditions and the area of ​​the local high-temperature region, including:

[0093] Step SB31: Determine the local high-temperature region of bubble retention by the bubble retention condition, obtain the area of ​​the local high-temperature region of bubble retention, and filter the area of ​​the local high-temperature region of bubble retention at all times to obtain the maximum area.

[0094] Specifically, a threshold is set to determine the compliance of the normalized bubble retention. In this embodiment, the threshold is 0.7, which is set according to the actual situation. At that time, determine the moment. The Middle One temperature range is the high-temperature region generated by bubble retention; conversely, when When, explain Larger, time interval The shorter the length, the more likely the high temperature is caused by factors other than bubble retention, such as uneven current density.

[0095] Provide an explanation, assuming a specific time. The Middle The temperature range was determined as a localized high-temperature region where bubbles are trapped. Analysis was conducted based on this region, and its area was the [missing value]. The area of ​​the convex hull at the data acquisition device corresponding to the temperature data within a temperature range, i.e., the size of the convex hull shape covered by the local high-temperature region, is denoted as... , indicating time The Middle The area of ​​each temperature range; similarly, the area of ​​the local high-temperature region where all bubbles are trapped at all times is obtained, and then filtered to obtain the maximum area, denoted as . .

[0096] Step SB32: Based on the ratio of the area of ​​the local high-temperature region where bubbles are trapped to the maximum area, and combined with the bubble trapping conditions, the degree of bubble trapping is obtained.

[0097] Specifically, the corresponding calculation formula is:

[0098]

[0099] in, Indicates time The Middle The degree of bubble retention within a specific temperature range; Indicates time The Middle Bubble retention within a specific temperature range meets the requirements. This indicates normalization processing.

[0100] It can be explained that the ratio of the area of ​​the localized high-temperature region where the bubble is trapped to the maximum area, i.e. The larger, and The larger the value, the more significant the time. The Middle The more bubbles are trapped within a temperature range, and the more significant the temperature rise, the more severe the bubble trapping becomes. Therefore, a higher fluid velocity is needed to expel the trapped bubbles.

[0101] Understandably, an increase in electrolyte flow rate, or fluid velocity, alters the heat transport capacity of the fluid surrounding the bubbles. Higher flow rates indicate that more "cold" electrolyte, either from cooling zones or those yet unheated, flows through heating zones per unit time. This reduces the temperature difference between the locally hot areas caused by bubble retention and the surrounding normal areas. Therefore, at higher fluid velocities, the locally hot areas caused by bubble retention are less visible, making the degree of bubble retention less pronounced and affecting the assessment of changes in electrolyte flow rate.

[0102] Further, in step S4, the actual bubble retention degree is obtained by combining the bubble retention degree with the fluid velocity at the corresponding moment, and the actual flow velocity is obtained based on the actual bubble retention degree, including:

[0103] Step SA41: Obtain the fluid velocity at the time corresponding to the bubble retention degree and normalize it, and determine the actual bubble retention degree in conjunction with the bubble retention degree.

[0104] It should be noted that the fluid velocity obtained in step S1 will change accordingly with time. To ensure the accuracy of data analysis, the fluid velocity at the time corresponding to the bubble retention level is obtained for analysis, denoted as . , indicating time The fluid velocity.

[0105] Specifically, regarding fluid velocity Normalization was performed using the max-min normalization method to obtain... Its range is Then, in conjunction with the degree of bubble retention, the actual degree of bubble retention is determined, and the corresponding calculation formula is:

[0106]

[0107] in, Indicates time The Middle The actual degree of bubble retention within a temperature range; Indicates time Normalized fluid velocity; Indicates time The Middle The degree of bubble retention within a temperature range.

[0108] It can be explained that when the fluid velocity The larger the value, the greater the degree of bubble retention obtained in step SB32. The more it is covered, the more time it corresponds to. The Middle The greater the actual bubble retention within a given temperature range, the greater the increase in fluid velocity is required to expel the bubbles in such cases; conversely, the smaller the fluid velocity, the greater the increase in fluid velocity. A smaller value indicates the current fluid velocity. It can expel air bubbles.

[0109] Step SA42: Filter the actual bubble retention degree of all local high-temperature areas where bubbles are trapped at the current analysis time to obtain the maximum actual bubble retention degree, and normalize it to correct the fluid velocity at the current analysis time to obtain the actual flow rate.

[0110] The maximum actual bubble retention rate is recorded as follows: The minimum-maximum normalization method was used for normalization to obtain the following result. Its range is .

[0111] Specifically, when The larger the value, the higher the fluid velocity at the current analysis moment. The larger the fluid velocity, the better, so that all bubbles trapped in the local high-temperature areas can be expelled in a timely manner. The greater the increase, the higher the actual flow velocity. Therefore, the fluid velocity at the current analysis moment is corrected to obtain the actual flow velocity. The corresponding calculation formula is:

[0112]

[0113] in, Indicates time The actual flow rate; Indicates time The fluid velocity.

[0114] Understandably, reducing the electrolysis voltage can reduce the current density and suppress the gas generation rate. When the bubble retention in the electrolytic cell is more severe, the continuous and large-scale generation of bubbles at the anode may lead to an increase in the bubble retention area and severity, resulting in increased energy consumption of the electrolytic cell. Therefore, when the bubble retention is severe, it is necessary to adjust the electrolysis voltage in a timely manner to reduce bubble generation and mitigate the adverse effects of bubble retention.

[0115] Further, in step S4, determining the severity of bubble retention and adjusting the electrolysis voltage includes:

[0116] Step SB41: Count the number of local high-temperature regions where bubbles are trapped at the current analysis time, and sum them up to calculate the actual bubble trapping degree of all local high-temperature regions where bubbles are trapped at the current analysis time, so as to obtain the severity of bubble trapping.

[0117] Specifically, still based on time Perform analysis and statistical analysis of time points. The number of localized high-temperature zones generated by bubble retention is denoted as Based on this number, the summation calculation time is... The actual degree of bubble retention in the localized high-temperature areas where all bubbles are trapped is denoted as . The severity of bubble retention is determined by the following formula:

[0118]

[0119] in, Indicates time The severity of bubble retention in the electrolytic cell at that time.

[0120] It can be explained that when the number The larger the sum, the greater the actual degree of bubble retention. The larger the value, the more likely it is to represent the corresponding time. The greater the degree of bubble retention in the electrolytic cell, the more severe the bubble retention, and the more necessary it is to adjust the electrolysis voltage.

[0121] Step SB42: Set a judgment threshold. If the severity of bubble retention is greater than the judgment threshold, obtain the electrolysis voltage at the current analysis time, adjust the electrolysis voltage at the current analysis time in combination with the severity of bubble retention, adjust the wall lubrication coefficient of the electrolytic cell, obtain the fluid velocity again, and iterate the degree of bubble retention.

[0122] It is explained that the judgment threshold is used to determine whether the severity of bubble retention has reached the point where the electrolysis voltage needs to be adjusted. In this embodiment, the judgment threshold is 0.4, which is set according to the actual situation.

[0123] Specifically, the severity of bubble retention is determined using maximum-minimum normalization. After normalization, we get Its range is When the normalized severity of bubble retention exceeds the judgment threshold, i.e. This indicates that the electrolysis voltage at the current analysis time needs to be reduced to promptly remove air bubbles. The adjustment amount is determined based on the normalized bubble retention level combined with the original electrolysis voltage at the current analysis time. The corresponding calculation formula is:

[0124]

[0125] in, Indicates time Adjusted electrolysis voltage; Indicates time The electrolysis voltage at that moment, that is, the original electrolysis voltage at that time; Indicates time The severity of bubble retention after normalization.

[0126] At this point, it indicates that the bubble retention is severe. While adjusting the electrolysis voltage, it is necessary to adjust the wall lubrication coefficient of the electrolytic cell. That is, to determine whether the severe bubble retention is due to the inaccuracy of the fluid velocity obtained from the CFD simulation. Therefore, by adjusting the wall lubrication coefficient, the accuracy of the fluid velocity obtained from the CFD simulation, i.e., the electrolyte flow rate, can be improved.

[0127] Conversely, when the normalized severity of bubble retention is less than or equal to the judgment threshold, i.e. If the bubble retention is relatively mild, the bubbles can be expelled based on the current electrolysis voltage at the time of analysis, and there is no need to adjust the wall lubrication coefficient.

[0128] Understandably, when bubble retention is more severe, i.e., the higher the value of the bubble retention severity, the accuracy of the CFD simulation needs further confirmation. This is because the CFD simulation's prediction of trapped bubbles is highly dependent on the wall lubrication force coefficient. The wall lubrication force refers to the force generated by the asymmetric flow of the surrounding liquid when a bubble is very close to the wall, pushing the bubble away from the wall. This force is crucial for preventing bubble retention on the electrode surface and promoting its detachment. When the wall lubrication force coefficient used is larger than the actual required coefficient, the predicted bubble retention will be smaller than the actual situation, leading to a lower predicted fluid velocity. This also affects the reduction in the actual bubble retention degree, making the subsequently calculated bubble retention severity potentially less than or equal to the judgment threshold. This indicates that the bubble retention is relatively minor under the current conditions, so the wall lubrication coefficient should not be adjusted. Therefore, to make the CFD simulation results more accurate, the wall lubrication coefficient should be appropriately reduced, that is, to avoid the increase of the wall lubrication coefficient leading to a less severe bubble retention and affecting the adjustment of the electrolysis voltage.

[0129] Further, in step SB42, adjusting the wall lubrication coefficient corresponding to the electrolytic cell includes:

[0130] Step SB421: Filter all the local high-temperature areas where bubbles are trapped at the corresponding moment based on the actual flow rate to obtain the maximum actual bubble trapping degree. Combine the difference between the fluid velocity and the actual flow rate to obtain the adjustment degree of the wall lubrication coefficient.

[0131] Specifically, the electrolyzer is adjusted based on the actual flow rate. Let's assume the time corresponding to the adjustment of the actual flow rate is time [time]. Then, the actual flow rate is adopted through step SA41. Similarly, the time is obtained The actual bubble retention degree of all corresponding local high-temperature areas is obtained by taking the maximum actual bubble retention degree, denoted as . And obtain the difference between the fluid velocity and the actual flow rate, i.e. The degree of adjustment of the wall lubrication coefficient is obtained, and the corresponding calculation formula is:

[0132]

[0133] in, Indicates the wall lubrication coefficient The degree of adjustment.

[0134] It can be explained that when the difference The larger the value, the greater the actual bubble retention rate corresponding to the actual flow rate. A larger value indicates a lower fluid velocity simulated by CFD, and a lower wall lubrication coefficient currently in use. The actual value is larger, therefore adjustments are needed to appropriately reduce the current wall lubrication coefficient. .

[0135] Step SB422: Obtain the adjustment reference value of the wall lubrication force coefficient, and determine the actual adjustment value of the wall lubrication force coefficient by adjusting the reference value and the degree of adjustment.

[0136] Preferably, the adjustment reference value for the wall lubrication coefficient is... .

[0137] Specifically, the adjustment degree is determined using the max-min normalization method. After normalization, we get Combined with adjusting reference values The actual adjustment value of the wall lubrication force coefficient is determined by the following calculation formula:

[0138]

[0139] in, Indicates the wall lubrication coefficient Adjust the actual value.

[0140] It can be explained that when the degree of adjustment The larger the value, the larger the corresponding normalization result; in this case, adjusting the actual value... Also bigger.

[0141] Step SB423: Adjust the wall lubrication coefficient by gradually subtracting the actual value until the fluid velocity obtained by CFD simulation is the same as the actual flow velocity. Define the current wall lubrication coefficient as the final wall lubrication coefficient.

[0142] The explanation is as follows: the wall lubrication coefficient is gradually adjusted by subtracting from the actual value. This involves progressively reducing the wall lubrication coefficient through subtraction, and then performing CFD simulations on each adjusted wall lubrication coefficient to obtain the corresponding fluid velocity. This process is repeated until the simulated fluid velocity is obtained. Compared with actual flow rate Similarly, the wall lubrication coefficient corresponding to the two speeds being the same is taken as the final wall lubrication coefficient.

[0143] Further, in step SB42, the fluid velocity is reacquired, and the actual bubble retention degree is iterated, specifically as follows:

[0144] Based on the final wall lubrication coefficient, the fluid velocity is re-obtained through CFD simulation, and the actual bubble retention degree is re-determined in combination with the bubble retention degree.

[0145] It can be explained that by using the final wall lubrication coefficient to output the corresponding fluid velocity through CFD simulation, repeating the aforementioned steps can redetermine the actual degree of bubble retention, and then redetermine the severity of bubble retention. This is then compared with the judgment threshold to determine whether the bubble retention is severe. If severe, the electrolysis voltage is adjusted, and the wall lubrication coefficient is adjusted simultaneously according to step SB42; otherwise, if not severe, it indicates that the fluid velocity before adjusting the electrolysis voltage was sufficient to expel the bubbles normally.

[0146] As explained, in step S5, the actual flow rate and the adjusted electrolysis voltage are visualized; that is, the actual flow rate and the adjusted electrolysis voltage of the electrolytic cell at different times are transmitted to the database for storage, resulting in Table 1, a table comparing time, flow rate and voltage in the electrolytic cell; it uses SQL (Structured Query Language) query statements to visualize the actual flow rate and the adjusted electrolysis voltage of the electrolytic cell at different times, which helps staff to quickly grasp the corresponding changes in the current electrolytic cell.

[0147] Table 1. Comparison of Time, Flow Rate, and Voltage in Electrolytic Cells

[0148]

[0149] As an optional implementation, the actual flow rate of the electrolyzer and the adjusted electrolysis voltage are input into a PID (Proportional Integral Derivative Controller), which outputs a control level curve corresponding to the motor that controls the fluid velocity, i.e., the electrolyte flow rate, and the voltage. This curve contains clear information on current and voltage changes to ensure the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis process. The control level curve is then transmitted to the corresponding control motor to adjust the fluid velocity and voltage. In other words, closed-loop control is achieved through the PID controller to ensure that the electrolysis process in the electrolyzer is always kept in the optimal working state.

[0150] Understandably, collecting temperature data from multiple locations within the electrolytic cell, defining temperature ranges, and analyzing temperature distribution are crucial for assessing bubble retention in different areas of the cell. This involves determining the degree of localized high temperatures and identifying whether high temperatures are caused by bubble retention. Locally high-temperature areas are then selected and their internal temperature variations are analyzed to determine bubble retention levels, thus eliminating interference from uneven density. The area of ​​these locally high-temperature areas is analyzed to determine the degree of bubble retention. The actual degree of bubble retention is then obtained based on changes in electrolyte flow rate and corrected accordingly. Further assessment of the severity of bubble retention is necessary. In cases of severe retention, adjusting the electrolysis voltage reduces bubble generation, effectively addressing high-temperature variations caused by bubble retention, reducing wear and tear on the electrolytic cell, and extending its service life.

[0151] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0152] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an electro-thermal-fluid-gas multi-physical field co-simulation model, characterized in that, The method comprises: acquiring the electrolytic cell, collecting temperature data of multiple positions in the electrolytic cell, and acquiring fluid velocity; determining a temperature range according to the temperature data, analyzing the temperature range to determine local high-temperature compliance; screening a local high-temperature area based on the local high-temperature compliance, analyzing the local high-temperature area to determine bubble retention compliance, and obtaining bubble retention degree according to the bubble retention compliance and the area of the local high-temperature area; obtaining actual bubble retention degree by combining the bubble retention degree with fluid velocity at the corresponding moment, obtaining actual flow rate based on the actual bubble retention degree, and determining bubble retention severity to adjust electrolysis voltage; visually displaying the actual flow rate and the adjusted electrolysis voltage; the analysis method for determining bubble retention compliance of the local high-temperature area, comprising: setting a screening threshold, if the local high-temperature compliance is greater than the screening threshold, the temperature range corresponding to the local high-temperature compliance is the local high-temperature area; obtaining a temperature rise starting moment based on the local high-temperature area, determining the time interval between the corresponding moment of the local high-temperature area and the temperature rise starting moment; obtaining the local high-temperature compliance of all local high-temperature areas at all moments, screening the maximum local high-temperature compliance to obtain the difference of the local high-temperature compliance corresponding to the current analysis local high-temperature area, and determining bubble retention compliance by combining the time interval; the method for obtaining the temperature rise starting moment, comprising: screening all temperature ranges of the adjacent previous moment according to the corresponding moment of the local high-temperature area, to obtain the corresponding temperature range of the local high-temperature area at the adjacent previous moment; determining the local high-temperature compliance of the corresponding temperature range, if it is less than the screening threshold, the moment of the current corresponding temperature range is the temperature rise starting moment; the method for determining bubble retention degree, comprising: determining the local high-temperature area of bubble retention through bubble retention compliance, obtaining the area of the local high-temperature area of bubble retention, and screening the area of all local high-temperature areas of bubble retention at all moments to obtain the maximum area value; obtaining bubble retention degree based on the ratio of the area of the local high-temperature area of bubble retention to the maximum area value, and combining bubble retention compliance.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Collecting temperature data of multiple positions in the electrolytic cell, specifically: obtaining a collection device, constructing a temperature field for the electrolytic cell, presetting the deployment cost of the collection device, determining the deployment position of the collection device in the temperature field in combination with the deployment cost, and collecting temperature data of each deployment position.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, Determining a temperature range according to the temperature data, analyzing the temperature range to determine local high-temperature compliance, comprising: clustering temperature data of different positions at the same moment in the electrolytic cell to obtain a plurality of temperature ranges; obtaining temperature values of corresponding temperature ranges by averaging temperature data of all temperature ranges at the current analysis moment, obtaining the lowest temperature value by comparison, and obtaining the local high-temperature compliance of the corresponding temperature range in combination with the lowest temperature value and the temperature value of each temperature range.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, Obtaining actual bubble retention degree by combining bubble retention degree with fluid velocity at the corresponding moment, and obtaining actual flow rate based on actual bubble retention degree, comprising: obtaining fluid velocity at the corresponding moment of the bubble retention degree and normalizing, and determining actual bubble retention degree in combination with the bubble retention degree; Screening the actual bubble retention degree of all local high-temperature areas where bubbles are retained at the current analysis moment to obtain the maximum actual bubble retention degree, and normalizing the fluid velocity at the current analysis moment to obtain the actual flow rate.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, Determining the bubble retention severity to adjust the electrolysis voltage, comprising: Counting the number of local high-temperature areas where bubbles are retained at the current analysis moment, and summing up the actual bubble retention degree of all local high-temperature areas where bubbles are retained at the current analysis moment to obtain the bubble retention severity. Setting a judgment threshold, if the bubble retention severity is greater than the judgment threshold, obtaining the electrolysis voltage at the current analysis moment, adjusting the electrolysis voltage at the current analysis moment in combination with the bubble retention severity, and adjusting the wall surface lubrication coefficient corresponding to the electrolytic cell to reacquire the fluid velocity, and iterating the actual bubble retention degree.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises: Adjusting the wall surface lubrication coefficient corresponding to the electrolytic cell, comprising: Screening the actual bubble retention degree of all local high-temperature areas where bubbles are retained at the corresponding moment based on the actual flow rate to obtain the maximum actual bubble retention degree, and obtaining the adjustment degree of the wall surface lubrication coefficient in combination with the difference between the fluid velocity and the actual flow rate; Obtaining the adjustment reference value of the wall surface lubrication coefficient, and determining the adjustment actual value of the wall surface lubrication coefficient through the adjustment reference value and the adjustment degree; Adjusting the wall surface lubrication coefficient based on the adjustment actual value step by step until the fluid velocity obtained by CFD simulation is the same as the actual flow rate, and defining the current wall surface lubrication coefficient as the final wall surface lubrication coefficient.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: Reacquiring the fluid velocity and iterating the actual bubble retention degree, specifically: Reacquiring the fluid velocity through CFD simulation according to the final wall surface lubrication coefficient, and re-determining the actual bubble retention degree in combination with the bubble retention degree.

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