High-yield cultivation system and method for star anise trees

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high-yield cultivation technology, specifically to a high-yield cultivation system and method for dwarfing and dense planting of star anise trees. The system includes a planning and setting module, a soil temperature sensing and monitoring module, a soil temperature analysis module, and a pruning and fertilization adjustment module. The soil temperature sensing and monitoring module includes several temperature sensors buried in the rhizosphere soil of the star anise trees. The soil temperature analysis module receives the daily average and daily difference values ​​of soil temperature collected by the soil temperature sensing and monitoring module, and converts them into information on the microbial activity of the planting soil and the canopy leaf density to regulate planting, pruning, and fertilization. The method includes S1 variety and rootstock selection, S2 dense planting planning, S3 planting and soil temperature monitoring and setting up, S4 pruning and fertilization of young trees, and S5 mature tree management. This invention solves the technical defects of traditional dwarfing and dense planting of star anise trees, such as the mismatch between uniform shaping management and tree growth needs caused by environmental heterogeneity, and yield fluctuations, by constructing a dynamic control system driven by soil temperature data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-yield cultivation technology, specifically to a high-yield cultivation system and method for dwarfing and densely planting star anise trees. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional star anise trees are tall with high fruit distribution, requiring climbing for harvesting, resulting in high labor costs and safety risks. Existing technology, such as "High-Yield and Stable-Yield Cultivation Technology for Dwarfing Grafted Star Anise" (Liu Weiqi, Liuwanshan Forest Farm, Pubei County, Qinzhou, Guangxi 535314), provides a dwarfing and high-yield star anise planting technique. This includes dwarfing grafting and high-yield and stable-yield cultivation techniques. The dwarfing grafting technique selects high-yielding mother trees (such as broad-leaved star anise and narrow-leaved star anise) and disease- and pest-resistant rootstocks (such as star anise from Tengxian County, Guangxi, and Pubei County, Guangxi). Grafting is performed using scions or lateral branches to achieve dwarfing of the star anise trees. Later in the planting process, cultivation techniques such as water management, fertilization management, canopy management, flower and fruit management, and pest control are employed to make the dwarfed tree canopy compact and improve photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient utilization, thus achieving the goal of dwarfing and high yield.

[0003] Based on the dwarfing and high-yield cultivation techniques of star anise, significant differences in environmental conditions across regions (such as soil fertility, light intensity, and rainfall distribution) in actual planting make it difficult to implement uniform shaping treatment for each sapling as described in the "High-Yielding and Stable-Yielding Cultivation Techniques for Dwarfing Star Anise Grafting." This (setting the trunk 0.8-1m above the ground when the sapling reaches a height of 1-1.5m and pruning it back to 40-60cm) can easily lead to a mismatch between the tree structure and growth requirements, resulting in fluctuating star anise yields. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a targeted optimization system and method for dwarfing, densely planted, high-yield cultivation of star anise, optimizing the trunk height, main branch length, and angle to achieve a more balanced distribution of nutrients within the tree. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a high-yield cultivation system and method for dwarfing and dense planting of star anise trees. By constructing a dynamic control system driven by ground temperature data, it solves the technical defects of traditional dwarfing and dense planting of star anise trees, which result in a mismatch between uniform shaping management and tree growth needs due to environmental heterogeneity, leading to yield fluctuations.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a high-yield cultivation system for dwarfing and dense planting of star anise trees, including a planning and setting module, a ground temperature sensing and monitoring module, a ground temperature analysis module, and a pruning and fertilization adjustment module;

[0006] The planning and setting module is used to combine the target yield, the topographic data of the planting area and the climate data of the planting area to select suitable varieties, and set the initial plant spacing and row spacing of star anise trees for dense planting based on the characteristics of the varieties and the historical ground temperature data of the planting area.

[0007] The ground temperature sensing and monitoring module includes several temperature sensors buried in the soil around the roots of star anise trees. The temperature sensors are spaced 3-5 star anise trees apart. The location where each temperature sensor is buried is used as a detection point. The temperature sensors collect soil temperature data in real time and plot a daily ground temperature curve on a daily basis. The daily average ground temperature and daily difference ground temperature are extracted from the daily ground temperature curve.

[0008] The ground temperature analysis module is connected to the ground temperature sensing and monitoring module. The ground temperature analysis module is used to receive the daily average ground temperature and the daily difference ground temperature at each monitoring point, and generate temperature regulation signals based on the monitoring data of three consecutive days. The temperature regulation signals include low temperature regulation signals, high temperature regulation signals, dense leaf regulation signals, and sparse leaf regulation signals.

[0009] The pruning and fertilization adjustment module receives temperature adjustment signals from the ground temperature analysis module and generates different pruning and fertilization treatment plans based on different temperature adjustment signals and the age of the star anise tree. The age of the star anise tree includes saplings that are 1-3 years old and mature trees that are more than 3 years old.

[0010] Furthermore, the topographic data of the planting area in the planning and setting module includes altitude, slope and aspect, and the climate data of the planting area includes average annual temperature and annual precipitation.

[0011] Furthermore, based on historical soil temperature data of the planting area and the characteristics of the selected varieties, the initial plant spacing and row spacing for dense planting are set. Then, based on historical soil temperature data and actual soil temperature detection, the planting area is divided into low soil temperature zone and high soil temperature zone. Based on the initial plant spacing and row spacing, the actual plant spacing and row spacing for planting in each temperature zone are set accordingly.

[0012] Furthermore, in the ground temperature analysis module, when the average daily ground temperature at a certain monitoring point is ≤10℃ for 3 consecutive days, a low temperature regulation signal is generated;

[0013] When the average daily ground temperature at a certain monitoring point is ≥30℃ for 3 consecutive days, a high temperature regulation signal is generated.

[0014] Furthermore, in the ground temperature analysis module, when the daily ground temperature difference at a certain monitoring point is ≤5℃ for 3 consecutive days, a dense leaf adjustment signal is generated;

[0015] When the daily temperature difference at a certain monitoring point is ≥8℃ for 3 consecutive days, a leaf thinning adjustment signal is generated.

[0016] Furthermore, the pruning and fertilization adjustment module's processing scheme for low microbial activity signals is as follows:

[0017] If the star anise tree within the testing point is in the sapling stage:

[0018] Pruning plan: Reduce the trunk height of saplings within the monitoring points to 0.6-0.8m;

[0019] Fertilization plan: Apply organic fertilizer to the young trees in the testing area 10-15 days in advance, and spray with microbial activation solvent;

[0020] If the octagonal tree within the detection point is in the tree-forming stage:

[0021] Pruning plan: Retain the inner branches of mature trees within the inspection point and remove crossing branches;

[0022] Fertilization plan: Increase the amount of organic fertilizer applied to mature trees in the testing area to 5 kg per tree, and spray with microbial activation solvent.

[0023] Furthermore, the pruning and fertilization adjustment module's processing scheme for high microbial activity signals is as follows:

[0024] If the star anise tree within the testing point is in the sapling stage:

[0025] Pruning plan: Remove upright branches from young trees within the monitoring points, and retain horizontal branches;

[0026] Fertilization plan: Reduce the amount of organic fertilizer used on young trees at the testing site to 1 kg per tree;

[0027] If the octagonal tree within the detection point is in the tree-forming stage:

[0028] Pruning plan: Cut off overlapping branches in the mature canopy layer within the inspection point to 2 / 3 of their original length;

[0029] Fertilization plan: For mature trees within the monitoring point, use potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for fertilization.

[0030] Furthermore, the processing scheme for dense foliage treatment signals in the pruning and fertilization adjustment module is as follows:

[0031] If the star anise tree within the testing point is in the sapling stage:

[0032] Pruning plan: Thin out the number of main branches of the young tree canopy within the inspection point to 2-3, and pull the branches along the main branches towards the rows;

[0033] If the octagonal tree within the detection point is in the tree-forming stage:

[0034] Pruning plan: Remove weak inner branches of mature trees within the inspection points, with the amount of branches removed accounting for 15%-20% of the total number of branches;

[0035] Fertilization plan: Adjust the fertilization ratio of mature trees within the monitoring points to inhibit the growth of new shoots in mature trees within the monitoring points.

[0036] Furthermore, the pruning and fertilization adjustment module's processing scheme for leaf thinning signals is as follows:

[0037] If the star anise tree within the testing point is in the sapling stage:

[0038] Pruning plan: Retain 4-5 main branches of the saplings within the monitoring point and remove 1-2 leaves from the top.

[0039] If the octagonal tree within the detection point is in the tree-forming stage:

[0040] Fertilization plan: Apply high-nitrogen fertilizer and shoot-promoting fertilizer to the mature trees in the monitoring point.

[0041] A method for dwarfing, densely planting, and high-yield cultivation of star anise trees, based on the aforementioned dwarfing, densely planting, and high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees, includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Variety and rootstock selection: Select suitable varieties based on the target yield, topographic data of the planting area, and climate data of the planting area;

[0043] S2. Dense Planting Planning: Before planting star anise trees, the planning module combines the target yield, topographic data of the planting area, and climate data of the planting area to select suitable varieties.

[0044] S2. Dense Planting Planning: After selecting suitable varieties, the planning module sets the initial dense planting plant spacing and row spacing based on the selected planting varieties and historical ground temperature data. Then, based on historical ground temperature data and on-site ground temperature detection, the planting area is divided into low ground temperature zone and high ground temperature zone, and the plant spacing and row spacing are adjusted accordingly for the low ground temperature zone and the high ground temperature zone.

[0045] S3. Planting and Ground Temperature Collection Deployment: In spring or autumn, seedlings are planted according to the plant spacing and row spacing set by the planning module, and the seedlings are grafted. During the planting process, the ground temperature sensing and monitoring module is used to bury one temperature sensor for every 3-5 seedlings in the same low or high ground temperature area, and the detection point number and location are marked.

[0046] S4. Pruning and Fertilization of Young Trees: During the sapling stage of star anise trees, pruning and fertilization are carried out on the young trees at each monitoring point according to the pruning and fertilization treatment plan generated by the soil temperature analysis module combined with the pruning and fertilization adjustment module.

[0047] S5. Mature Tree Management: After the star anise trees have grown into mature trees, the mature trees at each monitoring point are pruned and fertilized according to the pruning and fertilization treatment plan generated by the ground temperature analysis module and the pruning and fertilization adjustment module.

[0048] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. Traditional dwarfing techniques rely solely on uniform planting based on varietal characteristics. This invention integrates terrain (altitude, slope, aspect) and climate (average annual temperature, annual precipitation) data through a planning and setting module, and selectively screens suitable varieties to improve the adaptability of varieties to the environment and reduce the proportion of weak plants in planting.

[0050] 2. Traditional planting only monitors the regional average soil temperature. This solution designs a soil temperature sensing module to form a grid of detection points, capture the differences in soil temperature in the root zone of individual plants, improve the accuracy of soil temperature data, and can identify temperature changes caused by uneven shading in densely planted areas (such as local low / high soil temperature areas), providing a data basis for subsequent differentiated regulation.

[0051] 3. Traditional management relies on manual observation to judge microbial activity or leaf density. This invention uses a soil temperature analysis module to convert the daily average and daily difference of soil temperature into soil temperature regulation signals (low temperature regulation signal, high temperature regulation signal, dense leaf regulation signal, and sparse leaf regulation signal). The low temperature and high temperature regulation signals reflect microbial activity (low temperature inhibits decomposition, high temperature causes excessive consumption), guiding the adjustment of fertilization time and type. The dense leaf and sparse leaf regulation signals reflect leaf density, guiding the formulation of pruning and shaping plans, improving the accuracy of microbial activity judgment, reducing the error rate of leaf density quantification, and avoiding management delays caused by human misjudgment.

[0052] 4. Traditional dwarfing planting uses uniform pruning (such as fixed trunk height) and fertilization (such as uniform organic fertilizer application). This invention, through pruning and fertilization adjustment modules, formulates differentiated plans for different signals and tree ages (young trees or mature trees). In low soil temperature areas, the trunk height of young trees is reduced and fertilization is carried out in advance to reduce nutrient consumption and activate microorganisms; in high soil temperature areas, overlapping branches of mature trees are shortened and water-soluble fertilizers are used to reduce transpiration and improve nutrient absorption efficiency; in dense foliage areas, weak branches are thinned and new shoots are suppressed to improve ventilation; in sparse foliage areas, multiple main branches are retained and nitrogen fertilizer is applied to promote leaf area growth, thereby improving fertilizer utilization, increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of inner leaves, and reducing the incidence of black spot disease, ultimately improving the fruit production efficiency in densely planted areas.

[0053] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the system in the embodiment of the dwarfing, high-density planting, and high-yield cultivation system and method for star anise trees of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method in the embodiment of the dwarfing, dense planting, high-yield cultivation system and method for star anise trees of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0058] This embodiment provides a dwarf, high-density, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees, specifically as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes a planning and setting module, a ground temperature sensing and monitoring module, a ground temperature analysis module, and a pruning and fertilization adjustment module.

[0059] The planning and setting module combines the target yield, topographic data of the planting area, and climate data of the planting area. The topographic data of the planting area includes altitude, slope, and aspect (continued to explain the beneficial effects of collecting altitude, slope, and aspect on variety selection). The climate data of the planting area includes average annual temperature and annual precipitation (continued to explain the beneficial effects of collecting average annual temperature and annual precipitation on variety selection). Suitable varieties are then selected.

[0060] Based on historical soil temperature data of the planting area and the characteristics of the selected varieties, the initial plant spacing and row spacing for dense planting were set. Then, based on historical soil temperature data and actual soil temperature monitoring, the planting area was divided into low-temperature and high-temperature zones. Corresponding to the classification of low-temperature and high-temperature zones, based on the initial plant spacing and row spacing, the actual plant spacing and row spacing for each temperature zone were set. The plant spacing in the low-temperature zone was set within 2.8-3m, and the row spacing was set within 3.2-3.5m. The plant spacing in the high-temperature zone was set within 2.5-2.8m, and the row spacing was set within 3-3.2m.

[0061] The soil temperature sensing and monitoring module includes several temperature sensors buried in the rhizosphere soil of star anise trees. These sensors are preferably corrosion-resistant. The sensors are spaced 3-5 star anise trees apart, with each sensor's location serving as a detection point. This design forms a grid of monitoring points, which, compared to conventional regional averaging monitoring, improves the accuracy of capturing individual tree rhizosphere soil temperature differences. The temperature sensors collect soil temperature data in real time and plot daily soil temperature curves, extracting the daily average and daily temperature difference from the curves.

[0062] The ground temperature analysis module is connected to the ground temperature sensing and monitoring module. The ground temperature analysis module receives the daily average and daily difference of ground temperature from each monitoring point and generates a temperature regulation signal based on three consecutive days of monitoring data. The conditions for the ground temperature analysis module to generate the temperature regulation signal are as follows:

[0063] When the average daily ground temperature at a certain monitoring point is ≤10℃ for 3 consecutive days, a low temperature regulation signal is generated;

[0064] When the average daily ground temperature at a certain monitoring point is ≥30℃ for 3 consecutive days, a high temperature regulation signal is generated.

[0065] Because star anise trees rely on soil microorganisms (such as nitrifying bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) to decompose organic fertilizer for energy, the adoption of dwarfing and dense planting measures for star anise trees exacerbates the soil temperature sensitivity of root microbial activity. Specifically, densely planted star anise trees, due to excessive shading or shady slopes, are prone to low soil temperatures, reducing microbial activity and delaying the decomposition of organic fertilizer. Conversely, when soil temperatures are high, microorganisms become overactive, easily leading to competition for nutrients between microorganisms and the tree. Furthermore, the reduced spacing between trees after dwarfing and dense planting alters the distribution and quantity of soil microorganisms, significantly increasing the baseline level of microbial activity. Under these circumstances, relying solely on soil fertilizer residue as a single indicator is insufficient to accurately assess the level of microbial activity at specific monitoring points. Therefore, this design focuses on soil temperature monitoring in the rhizosphere layer of star anise trees, using the 3-day daily average soil temperature at each monitoring point to reflect the microbial activity at that point, supplemented by soil microbial activity detection (soil fertilizer residue collection technology) for verification, providing a reasonable plan for subsequent pruning and fertilization of star anise trees.

[0066] When the daily ground temperature difference at a certain monitoring point is ≤5℃ for 3 consecutive days, a dense leaf adjustment signal is generated;

[0067] When the daily ground temperature difference at a certain monitoring point is ≥8℃ for 3 consecutive days, a leaf thinning adjustment signal is generated;

[0068] In conventional planting, star anise trees are planted with large spacing (4-5m between rows), and the soil temperature distribution in the rhizosphere is relatively uniform. However, after dwarfing and dense planting, the overlapping of the canopy layers intensifies, and the spatial heterogeneity of the branch and leaf distribution is significantly enhanced. Traditional methods for detecting foliage density (such as manual visual assessment of canopy shading and branch density) are inaccurate because they cannot penetrate the overlapping canopy to obtain the actual distribution of branches and leaves inside, nor can they quantify density differences in local areas. In particular, dense planting of star anise trees leads to uneven shading between rows (e.g., high temperatures on sunny slopes and low temperatures on shady slopes), significantly increasing spatial heterogeneity of ground temperature. The overlapping root systems also create microclimate islands in the rhizosphere. Therefore, this design uses daily ground temperature variations to detect canopy foliage density. When the leaves are too dense at a test point, the daily ground temperature variation is smaller; conversely, sparse leaves result in a larger variation. This design uses daily ground temperature variations as a direct indicator of leaf density, providing an effective numerical reference for subsequent targeted pruning and shaping of star anise trees at the test points.

[0069] The pruning and fertilization adjustment module is used to receive low temperature adjustment signals, high temperature adjustment signals, dense leaf adjustment signals, and sparse leaf adjustment signals transmitted by the soil temperature analysis module;

[0070] The low-temperature regulation signal and the high-temperature regulation signal were combined with the microbial activity detection and verification at the corresponding monitoring points to generate a low-activity microbial treatment signal (i.e., the low-temperature regulation signal was transmitted at any monitoring point, and the detection and verification at that monitoring point showed that the soil fertilizer residue was relatively high) and a high-activity microbial treatment signal (i.e., the high-temperature regulation signal was transmitted at any monitoring point, and the detection and verification at that monitoring point showed that the soil fertilizer residue was relatively low).

[0071] The dense leaf adjustment signal and the sparse leaf adjustment signal were combined with the foliage luxation detection and verification at the corresponding monitoring points to generate dense leaf treatment signal and sparse leaf treatment signal respectively.

[0072] Based on the signals of low microbial activity, high microbial activity, dense leaf treatment, and sparse leaf treatment, and combined with different temperature regulation signals and the age of the star anise tree, different pruning and fertilization treatment plans are generated. The age of the star anise tree includes the sapling stage of 1-3 years after planting and the mature tree stage of more than 3 years after planting.

[0073] Targeting low microbial activity signals:

[0074] When the pruning and fertilization adjustment module receives a low-temperature adjustment signal from a certain detection point, it indicates that the root soil of the star anise trees at that detection point faces the risk of low microbial activity. If the star anise trees at the detection point are in their sapling stage, a corresponding pruning plan is generated: reduce the trunk height of the saplings at the detection point to 0.6-0.8m to reduce nutrient consumption in the above-ground parts, concentrate resources to promote root development, increase root length, and improve the cold resistance of the saplings. A corresponding fertilization plan is generated: apply organic fertilizer to the saplings at the detection point 10-15 days in advance and spray with a microbial activation solvent to advance the release time of effective nutrients by 10-15 days, increasing the sprouting rate of new shoots. If the star anise trees at the detection point are in their mature tree stage, a corresponding pruning plan is generated: retain the inner branches of the mature trees at the detection point and remove crossing branches to reduce nutrient competition from ineffective branches and increase the retention rate of inner leaf area. Generate a corresponding fertilization plan: increase the amount of organic fertilizer applied to mature trees in the monitoring point to 5 kg per tree, and spray microbial activation solvent to supplement the nutrient gap caused by insufficient microbial decomposition under low temperature and reduce the winter fruit drop rate of mature trees.

[0075] Targeting high-activity signals of microorganisms:

[0076] When the pruning and fertilization adjustment module receives a high-temperature adjustment signal from a certain detection point, it indicates that the root soil of the star anise trees at that detection point is at risk of excessive microbial activity leading to rapid consumption of readily available nutrients. If the star anise trees at the detection point are in the sapling stage, a corresponding pruning plan is generated: remove excessively vigorous upright branches, retain horizontal branches to reduce transpiration and water loss, and reduce the effect of horizontal branches on increasing shading and lowering root zone temperature. A corresponding fertilization plan is generated: reduce the amount of organic fertilizer used on the saplings at the detection point to 1 kg per tree to prevent excessive consumption of readily available nutrients by microorganisms and improve fertilizer utilization. If the star anise trees at the detection point are in the mature tree stage, a corresponding pruning plan is generated: shorten overlapping branches in the canopy of mature trees at the detection point to 2 / 3 of their original length to improve canopy ventilation and reduce the impact of sunburn on fruit. A corresponding fertilization plan is generated: switch to potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for mature trees at the detection point, which is quickly dissolved and directly absorbed by the tree through waste, improving nutrient supply efficiency during fruit enlargement and reducing fruit drop rate.

[0077] For dense leaf processing signals:

[0078] When the pruning and fertilization adjustment module receives a dense foliage adjustment signal at a certain detection point, it indicates that the star anise trees at that point are at risk of insufficient photosynthesis in the inner leaves due to excessive canopy shading and poor ventilation. If the star anise trees at the detection point are in the sapling stage, a corresponding pruning plan is generated: reduce the number of main branches in the canopy of the saplings to 2-3, and pull the branches along the main branches towards the rows to expand the lateral space of the canopy, increase the light intensity in the inner canopy, and improve photosynthetic efficiency. If the star anise trees at the detection point are in the mature tree stage, a corresponding pruning plan is generated: remove weak inner branches of the mature trees at the detection point (removing 15%-20% of the total branches); a corresponding fertilization plan is generated: adjust the fertilization ratio of the mature trees at the detection point, inhibit the growth of new shoots, reduce the ineffective consumption of nutrients by weak branches, and inhibit excessive shoot growth, thereby reducing the incidence of black spot disease caused by poor ventilation.

[0079] For leaf thinning processing signals:

[0080] When the pruning and fertilization adjustment module receives a leaf thinning adjustment signal from a certain detection point, it indicates that the star anise trees at that detection point are at risk of insufficient canopy shading and low leaf density leading to less accumulation of photosynthetic products. When the star anise trees at the detection point are in the sapling stage, a corresponding pruning plan is generated: retain 4-5 main branches of the saplings at the detection point and remove 1-2 leaves from the top of the new shoots; when the star anise trees at the detection point are in the mature tree stage, a corresponding fertilization plan is generated: apply high-nitrogen fertilizer and shoot-promoting fertilizer to the mature trees at the detection point.

[0081] Based on the star anise tree dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation system described in this embodiment, this embodiment provides a corresponding star anise tree dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation method, specifically as follows: Figure 2As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0082] S1. Variety and Rootstock Selection: Select suitable varieties based on the target yield, topographic data of the planting area, and climate data of the planting area.

[0083] S2. Dense Planting Planning: Before planting star anise trees, the planning module combines the target yield, topographic data of the planting area, and climate data of the planting area to select suitable varieties.

[0084] S2. Dense Planting Planning: After selecting suitable varieties, the planning module sets the initial plant spacing and row spacing based on the selected varieties and historical ground temperature data. Then, based on historical ground temperature data and on-site ground temperature detection, the planting area is divided into low-temperature and high-temperature zones, and the plant spacing and row spacing are adjusted accordingly for the low-temperature and high-temperature zones.

[0085] S3. Planting and Ground Temperature Monitoring Deployment: In spring or autumn, seedlings are planted according to the plant spacing and row spacing set by the planning module. Seedlings are grafted with scions. During the planting process, a temperature sensor is installed for every 3-5 seedlings in the same low or high ground temperature zone using the ground temperature sensing and monitoring module. The detection point number and location are marked.

[0086] S4. Pruning and Fertilization of Young Trees: During the sapling stage of star anise trees, pruning and fertilization are carried out on the young trees at each monitoring point according to the pruning and fertilization treatment plan generated by the soil temperature analysis module combined with the pruning and fertilization adjustment module.

[0087] S5. Mature Tree Management: After the star anise trees have grown into mature trees, the mature trees at each monitoring point are pruned and fertilized according to the pruning and fertilization treatment plan generated by the ground temperature analysis module and the pruning and fertilization adjustment module.

[0088] Based on the dwarf, high-density, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees proposed in this embodiment, the following experiments were conducted:

[0089] • Experimental objective:

[0090] The effectiveness of the proposed dwarf, high-density, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees in improving the growth adaptability of young star anise trees was verified over a one-year period.

[0091] • Experimental design:

[0092] Experimental area: A star anise planting base in Qinzhou, Guangxi (20 mu, including sunny slopes with high ground temperature and shady slopes with low ground temperature, slopes of 10°-25°, average annual temperature of 21℃, and annual precipitation of 1800mm).

[0093] Experimental period: 12 months (2nd year of sapling coverage, 1-2 years old trees).

[0094] Group settings:

[0095] Experimental group (10 mu): The method of this invention (planning and setting module + soil temperature monitoring + signal analysis + differentiated pruning and fertilization) was adopted;

[0096] Control group (10 mu): Traditional uniform management was adopted (fixed trunk height of 0.8-1m, uniform organic fertilizer of 2kg / plant, no soil temperature monitoring and differential adjustment).

[0097] Experimental subjects: Star anise saplings that have been planted for 1 year (the experimental group selected "Guangguan No. 2" and "Xiye Star anise", while the control group had the same variety).

[0098] Experimental steps:

[0099] Preliminary preparations (Month 0):

[0100] Collect topographic data (elevation, slope, aspect), climate data (average annual temperature, annual precipitation), and historical ground temperature data of the planting area;

[0101] The experimental group had dense planting parameters set according to the low soil temperature zone (plant spacing 2.8m, row spacing 3.2m) and the high soil temperature zone (plant spacing 2.5m, row spacing 3.0m); the control group had a uniform plant spacing of 2.8m and row spacing of 3.0m.

[0102] In the experimental group, one corrosion-resistant ground temperature sensor was buried for every 3-5 plants (20 in total), and the detection points were marked; the control group had no sensors.

[0103] Dynamic Management (Months 1-12):

[0104] Experimental group: A differentiated treatment plan is implemented monthly based on the signals (low temperature / high temperature / dense foliage / sparse foliage) generated by the ground temperature analysis module.

[0105] In shady slopes with low ground temperature (daily average ground temperature ≤10℃): reduce the trunk height of young trees to 0.6-0.8m, apply organic fertilizer 10 days in advance + microbial activation solvent;

[0106] In sunny, high-temperature areas (daily average ground temperature ≥30℃): remove upright branches and retain horizontal branches, and reduce the amount of organic fertilizer used to 1kg / plant;

[0107] Dense foliage area (daily ground temperature difference ≤ 5℃): Remove main branches to 2-3 and pull the branches back; Sparse foliage area (daily ground temperature difference ≥ 8℃): Retain 4-5 main branches and remove the top leaves;

[0108] Control group: All saplings were uniformly pruned to 0.8m and given 2kg of organic fertilizer per tree per month without any adjustments.

[0109] Data collection (once a month):

[0110] Ground temperature data: Daily average and daily variation of ground temperature at the experimental group's monitoring points;

[0111] Tree indicators: monthly shoot growth (cm), leaf density (leaf / m²) 2 ), inner leaf area (cm²) 2 );

[0112] Microbial activity: indirectly reflected by the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer (percentage of residual amount);

[0113] Environmental compatibility: The percentage of weak plants caused by unsuitable environment (new shoot growth < 50% of the mean).

[0114] • Experimental data:

[0115] Average monthly growth of new shoots (cm) 8.5 (sunny slope) / 7.2 (shady slope) 5.1 (sunny slope) / 4.8 (shady slope) <![CDATA[Leaf density (leaves / m 2 )]]> 120 (sunny slope) / 105 (shady slope) 82 (sunny slope) / 75 (shady slope) <![CDATA[Inner bore leaf area (cm 2 )]]> 450 (sunny slope) / 380 (shady slope) 280 (sunny slope) / 220 (shady slope) Organic fertilizer decomposition rate (%) 88% (low geothermal area) / 75% (high geothermal area) 62% (low geothermal area) / 95% (high geothermal area) Percentage of weak plants (%) 5% (sunny slope) / 7% (shady slope) 22% (sunny slope) / 25% (shady slope)

[0116] • Experimental Conclusions: 1. The average monthly shoot growth of saplings on sunny slopes in the experimental group (8.5cm) was 66.7% higher than that in the control group (5.1cm), while the leaf area of ​​the inner canopy of saplings on shady slopes (380cm²) was higher. 2 Compared to the control group (220cm) 2 The 72.7% increase indicates that differentiated pruning (such as reducing the trunk height and retaining horizontal branches) effectively promoted the matching of the tree body with the soil temperature environment and reduced growth inhibition caused by environmental heterogeneity.

[0117] 2. The decomposition rate of organic fertilizer in the low-temperature zone of the experimental group (88%) was 41.9% higher than that in the control group (62%), avoiding the lag problem of low temperature inhibiting decomposition; the decomposition rate in the high-temperature zone (75%) was 21.1% lower than that in the control group (95%), reducing the phenomenon of microorganisms competing with trees for fertilizer, and verifying the ability of the fertilization scheme driven by the ground temperature signal to accurately regulate the activity of microorganisms.

[0118] 3. The percentage of weak trees in the experimental group (5% on sunny slopes and 7% on shady slopes) was significantly lower than that in the control group (22% on sunny slopes and 25% on shady slopes). This indicates that the method of this invention, through soil temperature monitoring and dynamic adjustment, effectively alleviates the problem of weak trees caused by the "mismatch between environment and tree needs" in traditional unified management.

[0119] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A dwarf, high-density, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees, characterized in that, It includes a planning and setting module, a ground temperature sensing and monitoring module, a ground temperature analysis module, and a pruning and fertilization adjustment module; The planning and setting module is used to combine the target yield, the topographic data of the planting area and the climate data of the planting area to select suitable varieties, and set the initial plant spacing and row spacing of star anise trees for dense planting based on the characteristics of the varieties and the historical ground temperature data of the planting area. The ground temperature sensing and monitoring module includes several temperature sensors buried in the soil around the roots of star anise trees. The temperature sensors are spaced 3-5 star anise trees apart. The location where each temperature sensor is buried is used as a detection point. The temperature sensors collect soil temperature data in real time and plot a daily ground temperature curve on a daily basis. The daily average ground temperature and daily difference ground temperature are extracted from the daily ground temperature curve. The ground temperature analysis module is connected to the ground temperature sensing and monitoring module. The ground temperature analysis module is used to receive the daily average ground temperature and the daily difference ground temperature at each monitoring point, and generate temperature regulation signals based on the monitoring data of three consecutive days. The temperature regulation signals include low temperature regulation signals, high temperature regulation signals, dense leaf regulation signals, and sparse leaf regulation signals. The pruning and fertilization adjustment module is used to receive low temperature adjustment signals, high temperature adjustment signals, dense leaf adjustment signals, and sparse leaf adjustment signals transmitted by the soil temperature analysis module; The low-temperature regulation signal and the high-temperature regulation signal were combined with the microbial activity detection and verification at the corresponding monitoring points to generate microbial low-activity treatment signal and microbial high-activity treatment signal, respectively. The dense leaf adjustment signal and the sparse leaf adjustment signal were combined with the foliage luxation detection and verification at the corresponding monitoring points to generate dense leaf treatment signal and sparse leaf treatment signal respectively. Based on the signals of low microbial activity treatment, high microbial activity treatment, dense leaf treatment, and sparse leaf treatment, and combined with the age of the star anise tree, different pruning and fertilization treatment schemes are generated. The age of the star anise tree includes the sapling stage of 1-3 years after planting and the mature tree stage of more than 3 years after planting.

2. The dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The topographic data of the planting area in the planning and setting module includes altitude, slope and aspect, and the climate data of the planting area includes average annual temperature and annual precipitation.

3. The dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on historical soil temperature data of the planting area and the characteristics of the selected varieties, the initial plant spacing and row spacing for dense planting are set. Then, based on historical soil temperature data and actual soil temperature detection, the planting area is divided into low soil temperature zone and high soil temperature zone. Based on the initial plant spacing and row spacing, the actual plant spacing and row spacing for planting in each temperature zone are set accordingly.

4. The dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the ground temperature analysis module, when the average daily ground temperature at a certain monitoring point is ≤10℃ for 3 consecutive days, a low temperature regulation signal is generated; When the average daily ground temperature at a certain monitoring point is ≥30℃ for 3 consecutive days, a high temperature regulation signal is generated.

5. The dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the ground temperature analysis module, when the daily ground temperature difference at a certain monitoring point is ≤5℃ for 3 consecutive days, a dense leaf adjustment signal is generated; When the daily temperature difference at a certain monitoring point is ≥8℃ for 3 consecutive days, a leaf thinning adjustment signal is generated.

6. The dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pruning and fertilization adjustment module's handling scheme for low microbial activity signals is as follows: If the star anise tree within the testing point is in the sapling stage: Pruning plan: Reduce the trunk height of saplings within the monitoring points to 0.6-0.8m; Fertilization plan: Apply organic fertilizer to the young trees in the testing area 10-15 days in advance, and spray with microbial activation solvent; If the octagonal tree within the detection point is in the tree-forming stage: Pruning plan: Retain the inner branches of mature trees within the inspection point and remove crossing branches; Fertilization plan: Increase the amount of organic fertilizer applied to mature trees in the testing area to 5 kg per tree, and spray with microbial activation solvent.

7. The dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pruning and fertilization adjustment module's processing scheme for high microbial activity signals is as follows: If the star anise tree within the testing point is in the sapling stage: Pruning plan: Remove upright branches from young trees within the monitoring points, and retain horizontal branches; Fertilization plan: Reduce the amount of organic fertilizer used on young trees at the testing site to 1 kg per tree; If the octagonal tree within the detection point is in the tree-forming stage: Pruning plan: Cut off overlapping branches in the mature canopy layer within the inspection point to 2 / 3 of their original length; Fertilization plan: For mature trees within the monitoring point, use potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for fertilization.

8. The dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees according to claim 7, characterized in that, The processing scheme for dense foliage treatment signals in the pruning and fertilization adjustment module is as follows: If the star anise tree within the testing point is in the sapling stage: Pruning plan: Thin out the number of main branches of the young tree canopy within the inspection point to 2-3, and pull the branches along the main branches towards the rows; If the octagonal tree within the detection point is in the tree-forming stage: Pruning plan: Remove weak inner branches of mature trees within the inspection points, with the amount of branches removed accounting for 15%-20% of the total number of branches; Fertilization plan: Adjust the fertilization ratio of mature trees within the monitoring points to inhibit the growth of new shoots in mature trees within the monitoring points.

9. The dwarfing, high-density planting, high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pruning and fertilization adjustment module's processing scheme for leaf thinning signals is as follows: If the star anise tree within the testing point is in the sapling stage: Pruning plan: Retain 4-5 main branches of the saplings within the monitoring point and remove 1-2 leaves from the top. If the octagonal tree within the detection point is in the tree-forming stage: Fertilization plan: Apply high-nitrogen fertilizer and shoot-promoting fertilizer to the mature trees in the monitoring point.

10. A method for dwarfing, high-density planting, and high-yield cultivation of star anise trees, based on the dwarfing, high-density planting, and high-yield cultivation system for star anise trees according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Variety and Rootstock Selection: Before planting star anise trees, the planning and setting module combines the target yield, topographic data of the planting area, and climate data of the planting area to select suitable varieties. S2. Dense Planting Planning: After selecting suitable varieties, the planning module sets the initial dense planting plant spacing and row spacing based on the selected planting varieties and historical ground temperature data. Then, based on historical ground temperature data and on-site ground temperature detection, the planting area is divided into low ground temperature zone and high ground temperature zone, and the plant spacing and row spacing are adjusted accordingly for the low ground temperature zone and the high ground temperature zone. S3. Planting and Ground Temperature Collection Deployment: In spring or autumn, seedlings are planted according to the plant spacing and row spacing set by the planning module, and the seedlings are grafted. During the planting process, the ground temperature sensing and monitoring module is used to bury one temperature sensor for every 3-5 seedlings in the same low or high ground temperature area, and the detection point number and location are marked. S4. Pruning and Fertilization of Young Trees: During the sapling stage of star anise trees, pruning and fertilization are carried out on the young trees at each monitoring point according to the pruning and fertilization treatment plan generated by the soil temperature analysis module combined with the pruning and fertilization adjustment module. S5. Mature Tree Management: After the star anise trees have grown into mature trees, the mature trees at each monitoring point are pruned and fertilized according to the pruning and fertilization treatment plan generated by the ground temperature analysis module and the pruning and fertilization adjustment module.

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