Cultivation method for reducing super-early-maturing Nanfeng tangerine sun fruits and improving fruit slagging degree of Nanfeng tangerine sun fruits

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of citrus planting, and particularly discloses a cultivation method for reducing extra-early-maturing Nanfeng tangerine sun fruits and improving the fruit slugging degree, the cultivation method comprises the following steps of soil and fertilizer management, garden cleaning in winter, grass growing cultivation, disease and pest prevention drug spraying, trimming in summer, water management and the like, and starting from the cultivation technology, the cultivation method is simple and high in operability; in soil and fertilizer management, organic fertilizer is used for improving the soil environment and improving the fruit quality and the slugging degree; cleaning the orchard in winter to reduce orchard pathogens and insect pathogens; trimming in summer to balance nutrition of the tree body, promote autumn shoots, shield sunlight and reduce sun fruits; according to grass growing cultivation and water management, tree bodies are cooled, water is retained, the fruit slugging degree is improved, the quality pain point of the variety is solved, the time advantage of early maturing and marketing can be kept, and differentiated competitiveness can be formed in the market by means of the quality advantages of low sun fruit rate and high slugging degree.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of citrus planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for reducing sun fruits of a super-early-maturing Nanfeng honey tangerine and improving the slaking degree of the fruits. BACKGROUND

[0002] "Nanfeng honey tangerine" is a local characteristic fine citrus variety with a long cultivation history in China, and is originally from Nanfeng County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, and has a cultivation history of 1700 years. "Nanfeng honey tangerine" is famous at home and abroad for its golden yellow color, thin and tender peel, sweet and strong flavor, and aromatic smell, and the brand value reached 19.952 billion yuan in 2024, and was selected into the top 100 regional brands. "Guiyuehong" is a super-early-maturing bud mutation variety of Nanfeng honey tangerine, and can be matured nearly 50 days earlier than the common Nanfeng honey tangerine without affecting the quality, and can be matured in the eighth lunar month, so is named "Guiyuehong".

[0003] In recent years, the frequent occurrence of extreme high temperature weather and the quick-acting and instant results in cultivation technology result in more and more sun fruits of Guiyuehong and worse and worse slaking degree of the fruits, which directly affects the yield and quality of Nanfeng honey tangerine.

[0004] Sun fruits are physiological disorders of fruits formed by continuous exposure to sunlight in high temperature weather. Sun fruits often occur on the sunny side of fruits in extreme high temperature weather, and are burned by strong sunlight. When the burn is slight, the fruits can be repaired slowly later, and when the burn is serious, the fruits are irreversibly damaged and have no commodity value.

[0005] The slaking degree of fruits refers to the amount of solid substances that are not dissolved in saliva after chewing the fruit sac petals in the mouth. In the citrus industry, it is an important index for measuring the quality. The citrus with good slaking degree feels melted in the mouth and almost no residue is left.

[0006] At present, the methods for reducing sun fruits of "Guiyuehong" and improving the slaking degree of the fruits mainly include high-temperature water spraying and covering sunshade nets. The high-temperature water spraying method is relatively simple, and reduces sun fruits by using the principle of water spraying cooling. However, the method needs to lay a sprinkler irrigation system, and has high investment. In addition, the sprinkler pipeline is prone to blockage and aging, and the later maintenance is complicated. In order to improve the sugar content of fruits, a certain amount of water is controlled before the maturity of citrus. "Guiyuehong" is matured in the eighth lunar month, and the seventh lunar month is a relatively hot period (commonly known as "autumn tiger") in a year. Therefore, the water spraying cooling has a certain influence on the quality of "Guiyuehong".

[0007] The method of covering sunshade nets is also a physical cooling method for reducing sun fruits and improving the slaking degree of fruits, but has high labor cost. In addition, the quality of fruits is also affected by the reduction of light of the tree body.

[0008] Therefore, aiming at increasing the sun fruits of Guiyuehong and reducing the slagging degree, a method for improving from the planting technology is particularly important for improving the management efficiency of Guiyuehong, improving the quality and orchard economic benefits, and promoting the sustainable and stable development of Nanfeng honey tangerine industry. SUMMARY

[0009] The purpose of the present application is to provide a cultivation method for reducing the sun fruits of early-maturing Nanfeng honey tangerine and improving the slagging degree of the fruits, so as to solve the problems of high investment cost of the sprinkler system for spraying water in the high-temperature period, complicated maintenance in the later period, and the influence of water spraying on the quality of Guiyuehong, as well as the high labor cost caused by shading net and the influence of light reduction on the quality of the fruits.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0011] A cultivation method for reducing the sun fruits of early-maturing Nanfeng honey tangerine and improving the slagging degree of the fruits, the variety of the Nanfeng honey tangerine is specifically Guiyuehong, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step one, soil and fertilizer management:

[0013] In November-December, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, 8-12 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.6-1 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.8-1 kg of lime per plant, and flower bud differentiation is completed;

[0014] Step two, winter cleaning:

[0015] In January-February, diseased branches, dead branches, drooping branches, dense branches and crossing branches are pruned and burned, and then the whole garden is disinfected with fungicides;

[0016] Step three, grass cultivation:

[0017] In March-April, summer grass seeds are planted in the orchard rows and under the tree;

[0018] Step four, disease and pest prevention:

[0019] In January-July, disease and pest prevention drugs are sprayed;

[0020] Step five, summer pruning:

[0021] In late June to early July, small fruits, diseased fruits, dense fruits and abnormal fruits are removed, and at the same time, the fruits at the top of the branches are removed to avoid direct sunlight, and on the other hand, the long fruiting branches are cut at 15-20 cm to promote autumn shoots;

[0022] Step six, water management:

[0023] In July-August, using the integrated facilities, water once a day, 18-22 days before the fruit ripening, every 5-7 days, water once;

[0024] The new shoot occurs in the whole year every 10-15 days, and the agent is prevented and controlled once, 2-3 times, in May-June, August-September, the occurrence peak of citrus psylla, 70% haloxon wettable powder is used to prevent and control citrus psylla by root irrigation, 2-3 times a year.

[0025] Preferably, between steps one and two, according to the tree situation, if the tree is a high-yield tree, spring sprout fertilizer is applied before spring sprout, high-nitrogen low-potassium compound fertilizer 1kg, urea 0.5kg is applied, if the tree is a newly fruiting tree, spring sprout fertilizer is applied before spring sprout, high-nitrogen low-potassium compound fertilizer 0.5kg, urea 0.25kg is applied 2 times, with an interval of 15 days each time, so as to avoid burning seedlings.

[0026] Preferably, 0.3% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3% borax foliar fertilizer is sprayed before and after flowering in April, once every 10-15 days, and sprayed continuously 2-3 times.

[0027] Preferably, the grass seed selection in step three includes one of alfalfa, centipede grass, bahia grass, white clover.

[0028] Preferably, the disease and pest prevention medicine in step four includes medicine for preventing and controlling red spider, leaf borer, citrus psylla, aphid, black spot.

[0029] Preferably, in step five, 4-5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per plant every week after summer pruning, diluted 5 times, and continuously applied 4-5 times.

[0030] Preferably, 70% haloxon wettable powder is used to prevent and control citrus psylla by root irrigation, 2-3 times a year, in the peak period of citrus psylla, in the serious psyllid orchard, in March, May-June, August-September, each time, in the lighter psyllid orchard, also in May-June, August-September, each time.

[0031] Among them, soil and fertilizer management, summer pruning is very important in the method of the application. Sun fruit is a physiological disorder formed by continuous exposure to strong sunlight, and the degree of fruit slagging is related to weather, soil organic matter content and water. Therefore, sufficient organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer should be applied during the flower bud differentiation period of the fruit tree, which not only improves the long-acting fertilizer of the degree of fruit slagging, but also guarantees the rapid growth of the tree, so that the fruit tree has guarantee in yield and quality, and the soil and fertilizer management can be fertilized according to the tree condition. If the fertilization year belongs to the high yield year, in order to quickly recover the tree vigor and not affect the flower bud differentiation to cause the yield reduction of the next year, 12 kg of rotten organic fertilizer and 1 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied. If the fertilization year is a small year and the tree vigor is relatively strong, 8 kg of rotten organic fertilizer and 0.6 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied. Summer pruning is carried out, and 15-20 cm is left, which can better sprout autumn shoots and shade the fruit. The branch of 'Guiyuehong' sprouts long and soft, if the short cutting is not carried out here, the branch cannot bear the weight after the fruit swells and breaks or falls to the ground, which affects the quality formation of the fruit in the later period.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The method of the application starts from cultivation technology, is simple and has strong operability, the soil and fertilizer management uses organic fertilizer to improve the soil environment, improve the fruit quality and the degree of slagging, the winter cleaning reduces the pathogens and insect pathogens in the orchard, the summer pruning balances the nutrition of the tree and promotes the occurrence of autumn shoots, and the shading reduces the sun fruit, the grass cultivation and water management reduce the temperature of the tree, save water and improve the degree of fruit slagging. The application can reduce the sun fruit from 40% to less than 5%, and can also improve the yield and fruit quality of 'Guiyuehong', the yield is increased by 10%-20%, the soluble solids are increased by at least 1.5%, the per mu yield of the 'Guiyuehong' orchard is increased by more than 0.2 ten thousand yuan, the effect is remarkable, and the application is suitable for promotion.

[0034] Meanwhile, compared with the cost investment of the traditional high-temperature water spraying which needs to lay a sprinkler system, the grass cultivation and summer pruning technology used in the application do not need to purchase large equipment, the grass can grow naturally (2-3 times of pruning per year), the summer pruning and fruit thinning operation can be completed at the same time, and the cost per mu per year can be reduced, which greatly reduces the financial pressure of small and medium-sized planters.

[0035] In summary, through technical optimization, the application solves the quality pain points of the variety, so that it can not only maintain the time advantage of early maturity, but also has the quality advantage of low sun fruit rate and high slagging degree, and forms differentiated competitiveness in the market. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0037] Embodiment one:

[0038] A cultivation method for reducing sun fruits of early-maturing Nanfeng orange "Guiyuehong" and improving the residue degree of fruits, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Step one, soil and fertilizer management: applying sufficient base fertilizer in November-December, burying 8-12 kg of matured organic fertilizer, 0.6-1 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.8-1 kg of lime per plant in expanded holes, and completing flower bud differentiation;

[0040] Step two, winter garden cleaning: in January-February, pruning diseased branches, dead branches, drooping branches, over-dense branches and crossing branches, and then burning them, and then disinfecting the whole garden with fungicides;

[0041] Step three, grass cultivation: in March-April, planting grass seeds that can survive summer in the rows between the orchard and under the tree;

[0042] Step four, disease and pest prevention: in January-July, spraying disease and pest prevention drugs;

[0043] Step five, summer pruning: in late June to early July, removing small fruits, diseased fruits, over-dense fruits and deformed fruits to ensure that other normal fruits have sufficient nutrients and can grow normally, and removing fruits at the top of the branches to avoid direct sunlight, and on the other hand, shortening the branches at a length of 15-20 cm to promote autumn shoots;

[0044] Step six, water management: in July-August, using a fertilizer-water integrated facility to drip water once a day, and dripping water once every 5-7 days about 20 days before the fruits mature.

[0045] Between the steps one and two, the following step is further included: applying spring germination fertilizer before the spring shoots germinate, and scattering 0.8-1 kg of high-nitrogen and low-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.4-0.5 kg of urea.

[0046] In April, before and after flowering, spraying 0.3% urea + 0.2% dihydrogen potassium phosphate + 0.3% borax foliar fertilizer once every 10-15 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times.

[0047] The grass seeds in step three have low requirements for soil and do not easily cause diseases and pests, and can be any one of alfalfa, dog tooth grass, bahia grass and white clover.

[0048] The disease and pest prevention medicine in step four refers to the medicine for preventing and treating red spider, leaf borer, citrus psylla, aphid and black spot.

[0049] In the step five, 4-5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per plant per week after summer pruning, diluted 5 times, and applied continuously for 4-5 times.

[0050] During the whole year, every 10-15 days, a chemical control is performed, and the process is repeated for 2-3 times. In May and June, and August and September, when the citrus psylla is in the peak period, 70% flupyradifurone wettable powder is used to control the citrus psylla by root irrigation, and the process is repeated for 2-3 times per year.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] The traditional Nanfeng honey orange cultivation method is used to cultivate “Guiyuehong”, i.e. not expanding the hole to apply organic fertilizer, directly applying compound fertilizer, not cultivating grass, and not pruning in summer. The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0053] Experimental Example

[0054] In Nanfeng, a “Guiyuehong” planting base is selected, and 3 rows (15 trees) of Guiyuehong with the same tree age and tree vigor and the same cultivation density are selected for the example and the comparative example. The cultivation and management methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are used for cultivation and management, and the management period is one year. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0055] The refractometer is used to measure the soluble solids, the pH meter is used to measure the soil pH, and the titration method is used to measure the soil organic matter.

[0056] Sun-fruit rate: After the fruits mature, 25 fruits are randomly selected from the east, south, west and north of the tree body, and 5 people are organized to screen the sun-fruit. The sun-fruit rate = the number of sun-fruit / the total number of fruits, and then the average value of 5 people is calculated.

[0057] Slag degree: After the fruits mature, 25 fruits are randomly selected from the east, south, west and north of the tree body, and 5 people are organized to taste the experimental fruits and score the slag degree, where the most slag is 5 points and the least slag is 1 point. Finally, the average value is calculated, which is the slag degree of the fruits.

[0058]

[0059] In summary, through the invention, the problem of sun fruits is solved from three dimensions of blocking direct light, improving the microenvironment, and enhancing fruit resistance through summer pruning, removing terminal fruits, promoting autumn shoot shading, grass cultivation, and precise water control. The prevention and control effect is much better than traditional methods such as spraying water and covering shading nets. At the same time, organic fertilizer improves the soil, and the whole cycle of nutrient supply is matched with foliar fertilizer during flowering and summer fertilizer to improve the content of soil organic matter and reduce the coarse fiber of fruit capsule. It avoids the influence of extreme drought or excessive humidity on fruit quality. It reduces the reduction of facilities and labor input, achieves significant yield and income increase effect, and has important significance for promoting the high-quality development of citrus industry.

[0060] It should be understood that during the development of any actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions can be made. Such development efforts might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure, without undue experimentation.

[0061] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for reducing sunken fruits of early-maturing Nanfeng mandarin and increasing the fruit percentage of the early-maturing Nanfeng mandarin, characterized in that, The variety of the Nanfeng honey tangerines is (Guiyuehong), and the cultivation method comprises the following steps. Step one, soil and fertilizer management: In November-December, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, 8-12 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.6-1 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.8-1 kg of lime per plant, and flower bud differentiation is completed; Step two, winter garden cleaning: In January-February, diseased and insect branches, dead branches, drooping branches, over-dense branches and crossing branches are pruned and burned, and then the garden is disinfected with fungicides; Step three, grass cultivation: In March-April, summer grass seeds are planted in the orchard rows and under the tree; Step four, disease and insect prevention: In January-July, disease and insect prevention drugs are sprayed; Step five, summer pruning: In late June to early July, over-ripe fruits, diseased and insect fruits, over-dense fruits and deformed fruits are removed, and the fruits at the top of the branches are also removed to avoid direct sunlight, and on the other hand, the long fruiting branches are cut at 15-20 cm to promote autumn shoots; Step six, water management: In July-August, the water and fertilizer integration facility is used to drip water once a day, and 18-22 days before the fruit ripens, drip water once every 5-7 days; The new shoot occurs every 10-15 days throughout the year, and the drug control is carried out once, 2-3 times, in the peak period of citrus psylla in May-June and August-September, and 70% flupyradifurone wettable powder is used to control citrus psylla by root irrigation, 2-3 times a year.

2. The cultivation method for reducing sunken fruit of early-maturing Nanfeng mandarin and increasing the fruit residue rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: Between steps one and two, the following step is also included: before the spring shoots germinate, spring germination fertilizer is applied, and 0.8-1 kg of high-nitrogen low-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.4-0.5 kg of urea are scattered.

3. The cultivation method for reducing sunken fruit of super-early-matured Nanfeng honey tangerines and increasing the fruiting rate of the sunken fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In April, before and after flowering, 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3% borax foliar fertilizer is sprayed, once every 10-15 days, for 2-3 times of continuous spraying.

4. The cultivation method for reducing sunken fruit of super-early-matured Nanfeng honey tangerines and increasing the fruiting rate of the sunken fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grass seed selection in step three includes one of alfalfa, Bermuda grass, centipede grass and white clover.

5. The cultivation method for reducing sun-induced fruit set in extra-early maturing Nanfeng tangerines and improving fruit juiciness according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disease and insect prevention drugs in step four include drugs for preventing red spider mites, leaf moths, citrus psylla, aphids and black spot disease.

6. The cultivation method for reducing sunken fruit of super-early-matured Nanfeng honey tangerines and increasing the fruiting rate of the sunken fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: After summer pruning in step five, 4-5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per plant per week, diluted 5 times, for 4-5 times of continuous application.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the method is for reducing the sunken fruit of the super-early-maturing Nanfeng citrus and increasing the fruit residue degree, characterized in that: Between steps one and two, according to the tree condition, for the high-yield trees, spring germination fertilizer is applied before the spring shoots germinate, and 1 kg of high-nitrogen low-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of urea are scattered.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the method is for reducing the sunken fruit of the super-early-maturing Nanfeng citrus and increasing the fruit residue degree. Between steps one and two, according to the tree condition, for the newly fruiting trees, spring germination fertilizer is applied before the spring shoots germinate, and 0.5 kg of high-nitrogen low-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.25 kg of urea are scattered twice with an interval of 15 days to prevent burning seedlings.

Images