Special compound feed for weaning sows as well as preparation method and use method of special compound feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pig feeds, and particularly discloses a special compound feed for weaning sows, the feed comprises a functional additive, the functional additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of a plant extract compound, 2-5 parts of conjugated linoleic acid, 0.0003-0.0005 part of selenomethionine, 0.15-0.35 part of vitamin E, and 0.15-0.3 part of vitamin C; the plant extract compound is prepared from the following components: astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, epigallocatechin gallate and a carrier, and the mass ratio of the astragalus polysaccharide to the icariin to the epigallocatechin gallate is 1 to (1 to 4) to (0.2 to 0.8). The special compound feed for the weaned sows is used for feeding the weaned sows through a scientific and reasonable formula, can promote follicular development of the sows after weaning, improve the oestrus rate and reduce the proportion of non-oestrus sows, and can solve the problem of slow ovarian function recovery of the sows in summer high-temperature seasons.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pig feed, in particular to a special compound feed for weaned sows and a preparation method and use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pig industry is one of the core industries of China's animal husbandry. With the development of economy and technology, pig industry is gradually developing towards scale and standardization. In the process of breeding, the reproductive efficiency of sows is one of the factors affecting the economic benefits of breeding farms.

[0003] Currently, there is a problem of delayed or no estrus after weaning of sows in most large-scale pig farms, which leads to a decrease in the annual productivity of sows. A longer interval between weaning and estrus not only reduces the annual number of fetal production, but also increases the non-production days, resulting in an increase in breeding costs. For sows that do not have estrus, the existing technology mainly uses exogenous hormones such as PG600, cloprostenol, and lutalyse to induce estrus. PG600 contains pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which directly stimulates follicular development. Cloprostenol is a prostaglandin analogue that dissolves the persistent corpus luteum to restore the estrus cycle. Lutalyse has the specificity of promoting follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. However, this method has the disadvantages of high cost, complicated operation, and poor reproductive performance of sows after parturition. In addition, there are hidden dangers of drug residues, animal stress, and food safety, and it does not meet the development trend of green and healthy breeding.

[0004] Some studies have also attempted to improve sow reproductive performance through nutritional strategies. Typically, sows are fed conventional lactation and pregnancy feed after weaning. The design of these feeds focuses on meeting the needs of lactation and pregnancy physiological periods, but the effect of improving sow estrus after weaning is limited, and the interval between weaning and estrus still averages 5-7 days. In particular, during the summer high-temperature season, the recovery of sow ovarian function is slow due to heat stress, and the estrus rate within 7 days after weaning is even less than 80%, which seriously affects the batch production management of pig farms. Patent CN 115531439 A discloses a solid emulsion for promoting sow estrus and a preparation method thereof. The composition and weight of the solid emulsion are as follows: motherwort extract 3-5 g, radix astragali extract 3-5 g, angelica sinensis extract 3-5 g, epimedium extract 3-5 g, thyme phenol 3-5 g, vitamin E 3-5 g, yeast selenium 0.5-1 g, purified water 20-25 g, glycerol monostearate 4-6 g, coconut oil or soybean oil 30-35 g, calcium stearate 10-12 g, PEG4000 4-6 g, and micro-powder silica gel 15-25 g. The solid emulsion promotes sow estrus, and most sows added with the solid emulsion have estrus after 4-5 days, with an estrus rate of 86%. However, the estrus rate needs to be further improved, and the situation during the summer high-temperature season is not considered. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the application provides a special formula feed for weaned sows, a preparation method and a use method thereof. The special formula feed for weaned sows comprises a functional additive, and the functional additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of a plant extraction compound, 2-5 parts of conjugated linoleic acid, 0.0003-0.0005 parts of selenomethionine, 0.15-0.35 parts of vitamin E and 0.15-0.3 parts of vitamin C.

[0006] The special formula feed for weaned sows can promote follicle development of sows after weaning, shorten the estrus interval, and improve the estrus rate, and solve the problems of low estrus rate and long interval time of sows after weaning.

[0007] Preferably, in the special formula feed for weaned sows, the carrier is microcrystalline cellulose, and the mass of the carrier accounts for 40-60% of the mass of the plant extraction compound.

[0008] Preferably, in the special formula feed for weaned sows, the preparation method of the plant extraction compound comprises the following steps: weighing the astragalus polysaccharide, the icariin, the epigallocatechin gallate and the carrier according to the formula proportion, mixing them in a mixer for 3 minutes, and then granulating to obtain the plant extraction compound granules.

[0009] Preferably, in the special formula feed for weaned sows, the mass ratio of the astragalus polysaccharide, icariin and epigallocatechin gallate is 1:1-2:0.2-0.5.

[0010] Preferably, in the special formula feed for weaned sows, the mass ratio of the astragalus polysaccharide, icariin and epigallocatechin gallate is 1:1.5:0.3.

[0011] Preferably, in the special formula feed for weaned sows, the functional additive comprises the following raw materials: 2 parts of plant extract compound, 3.5 parts of conjugated linoleic acid, 0.0004 part of selenomethionine, 0.3 part of vitamin E, and 0.2 part of vitamin C.

[0012] Preferably, in the special formula feed for weaned sows, per ton of the feed comprises: 350-600 kg of corn, 100-200 kg of flour, 15-25 kg of soybean oil, 10-20 kg of coconut oil, 120-180 kg of soybean meal, 30-50 kg of fermented soybean meal, 20-40 kg of fish meal, 10-20 kg of stone powder, 10-20 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1-5 kg of L-lysine hydrochloride, 1-3 kg of DL-methionine, 1-5 kg of L-threonine, 3-7 kg of sodium chloride, 1-5 kg of compound vitamin, 2-3 kg of compound trace element, and 3.2-8.7 kg of functional additive. The feed of the present application adopts a combination of soybean oil and coconut oil, and the medium-chain fatty acids provided by the coconut oil synergize with CLA to quickly provide energy and improve energy balance of the body.

[0013] Preferably, in the special formula feed for weaned sows, the compound vitamin is prepared according to the following ingredients: 18000 IU of vitamin A, 2000 IU of vitamin D3, 2 mg of vitamin K, 0.8 mg of vitamin B1, 6.5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 0.02 mg of vitamin B12, 18.5 mg of niacin, 15.5 mg of pantothenic acid, and 1 mg of folic acid.

[0014] Preferably, in the special formula feed for weaned sows, the compound trace element is prepared according to the following ingredients: 160 mg of iron, 15 mg of copper, 100 mg of zinc, 40 mg of manganese, and 0.5 mg of iodine.

[0015] In another aspect, the present application also provides a preparation method of the special formula feed for weaned sows, comprising the following steps: crushing corn, soybean meal and fermented soybean meal by using a crusher, and the screen mesh aperture of the crusher is 2.0 mm; then mixing other solid components uniformly, and then adding liquid components to mix, and then granulating to obtain the special formula feed for weaned sows.

[0016] In another aspect, the application also provides a method for using the special formula feed for weaned sows, wherein 2.5-3.8 kg of the special formula feed is fed to each sow per day since the weaning day.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The special formula feed for weaned sows has a scientific and reasonable formula, and can promote the follicle development of sows after weaning, improve the estrus rate, reduce the proportion of sows without estrus, and solve the problem of slow recovery of ovarian function of sows in summer high-temperature seasons. The test shows that the estrus rate of sows reaches more than 90% within 7 days after weaning in summer high-temperature seasons by using the special formula feed for weaned sows, the interval between weaning and estrus is shortened to 3-5 days, and the average interval between weaning and estrus is shortened by more than 2 days.

[0018] 2. The special formula feed for weaned sows can regulate the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis, promote hormone secretion, completely avoid the use of estrus-promoting hormones, improve the uterine involution of weaned sows, promote the proliferation of follicular granulosa cells, significantly improve the reproductive performance of sows, and is suitable for popularization and application in large-scale pig farms, and has important practical significance and economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The specific embodiments of the application are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the application is not limited by the specific embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all the professional terms used in the following are the same as the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used in this paper are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the application. Unless otherwise specified, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the application can be purchased from the market or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0020] Raw material sources: Radix Astragali polysaccharide, purity 65%, Guilin Huayi Health Technology Co., Ltd.; Icariin, purity 50%, Guilin Yitiancheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), purity 50%, Xi'an Tianlei Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0021] Example 1 A special formula feed for weaned sows, each ton of feed comprising: 6 kg of functional additives, the functional additives consisting of the following components by weight: plant extract compound 2 parts, conjugated linoleic acid 3.5 parts, selenium methionine 0.0004 parts, vitamin E 0.3 parts, vitamin C 0.2 parts. The rest of the feed is the basic daily ration. The plant extract compound consists of the following components: astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, epigallocatechin gallate, microcrystalline cellulose, the mass ratio of astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, epigallocatechin gallate being 1:1.5:0.3, and the mass of microcrystalline cellulose accounting for 50% of the total mass of the plant extract compound.

[0022] The preparation method of the plant extract compound of the present embodiment comprises: weighing astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, epigallocatechin gallate and carriers according to the formula ratio, then putting them into a mixer for mixing for 5 minutes, and then granulating to obtain the plant extract compound granules.

[0023] The preparation method of the special formula feed for weaned sows of the present embodiment comprises: uniformly mixing the solid components, then adding the liquid components for mixing, and then granulating to obtain the special formula feed for weaned sows.

[0024] Example 2 A special formula feed for weaned sows, the feed comprising 3.5 kg of functional additives, the functional additives consisting of the following components by weight: plant extract compound 1 part, conjugated linoleic acid 2 parts, selenium methionine 0.0005 parts, vitamin E 0.15 parts, vitamin C 0.3 parts, and the rest of the feed being the basic daily ration. The plant extract compound consists of the following components: astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, epigallocatechin gallate, microcrystalline cellulose, the mass ratio of astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, epigallocatechin gallate being 1:2:0.6, and the mass of microcrystalline cellulose accounting for 50% of the total mass of the plant extract compound.

[0025] The preparation method of the plant extract compound of the present embodiment comprises: The preparation method of the special formula feed for weaned sows of the present embodiment comprises: uniformly mixing the solid components, then adding the liquid components for mixing, and then granulating to obtain the special formula feed for weaned sows.

[0026] Example 3 The difference between the present embodiment and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, epigallocatechin gallate is 1:3:0.7.

[0027] Example 4 A special formula feed for weaned sows, each ton of feed has the following components: 541 kg of corn, 150 kg of flour, 20 kg of soybean oil, 15 kg of coconut oil, 150 kg of soybean meal, 40 kg of fermented soybean meal, 30 kg of fish meal, 15 kg of stone powder, 15 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 kg of L-lysine hydrochloride, 2 kg of DL-methionine, 3 kg of L-threonine, 5 kg of sodium chloride, 3 kg of compound vitamin, 2 kg of compound trace element, and 6 kg of functional additive. The functional additive is composed of the same components as in Example 1.

[0028] The compound vitamin is prepared according to the following components: 18000 IU of vitamin A, 2000 IU of vitamin D3, 2 mg of vitamin K, 0.8 mg of vitamin B1, 6.5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 0.02 mg of vitamin B12, 18.5 mg of niacin, 15.5 mg of pantothenic acid, and 1 mg of folic acid.

[0029] The compound trace element is prepared according to the following components: 160 mg of iron, 15 mg of copper, 100 mg of zinc, 40 mg of manganese, and 0.5 mg of iodine.

[0030] The preparation method of the plant extraction compound of the present embodiment comprises the following steps: The present embodiment also provides a preparation method of a special formula feed for weaned sows, which comprises the following steps: weighing various raw materials according to the proportion, then crushing the corn, soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal by a crusher, with a screen size of 2.0 mm; then mixing other solid components uniformly, adding liquid components, and then granulating to obtain the special formula feed for weaned sows.

[0031] Comparative Example 1 The present comparative example differs from the embodiment in that the functional additive is composed of the following components by weight: conjugated linoleic acid 3.5 parts, selenomethionine 0.0004 parts, vitamin E 0.3 parts, and vitamin C 0.2 parts, and the other components are the same as in Example 1.

[0032] Comparative Example 2 The present comparative example differs from Example 1 in that the plant extraction compound is composed of the following components: astragalus polysaccharide and microcrystalline cellulose, and the mass fraction of microcrystalline cellulose in the total mass of the plant extraction compound is 50%; and the other components are the same as in Example 1.

[0033] Comparative Example 3 The present comparative example differs from Example 1 in that the plant extraction compound is composed of the following components: icariin and microcrystalline cellulose, and the mass fraction of microcrystalline cellulose in the total mass of the plant extraction compound is 50%; and the other components are the same as in Example 1.

[0034] Comparative Example 4 The comparative example differs from Example 1 in that the plant extract complex is composed of the following components: epigallocatechin gallate, microcrystalline cellulose, and the mass of microcrystalline cellulose accounts for 50% of the total mass of the plant extract complex; the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 5 The comparative example differs from Example 1 in that the plant extract complex is composed of the following components: astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, and microcrystalline cellulose, the mass ratio of astragalus polysaccharide to icariin is 1:1.5, and the mass of microcrystalline cellulose accounts for 50% of the total mass of the plant extract complex; the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0036] The above basic daily ration is composed of the following components per ton of basic daily ration: corn 622 kg, flour 100 kg, soybean oil 20 kg, soybean meal 180 kg, fish meal 30 kg, stone powder 15 kg, calcium hydrogen phosphate 15 kg, L-lysine hydrochloride 3 kg, DL-methionine 2 kg, L-threonine 3 kg, sodium chloride 5 kg, complex vitamin 3 kg, and complex trace element 2 kg.

[0037] The complex vitamin is prepared according to the following ingredients: containing 18000 IU of vitamin A, 2000 IU of vitamin D3, 2 mg of vitamin K, 0.8 mg of vitamin B1, 6.5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 0.02 mg of vitamin B12, 18.5 mg of niacin, 15.5 mg of pantothenic acid, and 1 mg of folic acid.

[0038] The complex trace element is prepared according to the following ingredients: containing 160 mg of iron, 15 mg of copper, 100 mg of zinc, 40 mg of manganese, and 0.5 mg of iodine.

[0039] The feed of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 is used for weaned sow feeding test Test design: 10 groups of Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-5, and a control group are set up, 500 weaned sows (Long White x Large White) of the same breed and similar parity and healthy body condition are selected and randomly divided into 10 groups, 50 sows per group.

[0040] Test method: on the day of the test, each sow in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 is fed with 3.2 kg of corresponding feed per day, and the control group is fed with an equal amount of basic daily ration. The test period is summer, and the environmental temperature is 25-35℃. The estrus is observed and recorded until the 7th day after weaning, and blood samples are collected on the 0th day and the 7th day after weaning to determine the reproductive hormone level, and the results are listed in Table 1.

[0041] As shown in Table 1, the estrus rate of the example group within 7 days after weaning is obviously higher than that of the control group and the comparison group, and the highest estrus rate of the example group reaches 96%. In terms of promoting the secretion of reproductive hormones, the FSH and E2 levels in the serum of the example group are also extremely significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.05). Although the effects of the single astragalus polysaccharide (comparison example 2), the single icariin (comparison example 3) and the single epigallocatechin gallate (comparison example 4) are certain, the effects are significantly lower than those of the example group (three are combined in a certain proportion), which indicates that the three plant extracts in the plant extraction compound of the present application have a synergistic effect. At the same time, the follicle development of the example group and the comparison group is observed, and the number of medium follicles with a diameter of 3-5 mm and large follicles with a diameter of more than 5 mm in the example group is increased compared with the comparison group and the control group.

[0042] The above results show that the special weaning sow feed of the present application can effectively promote the estrus of weaning sows, shorten the estrus time, effectively activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis, fundamentally promote the follicle development, and significantly improve the reproductive performance of sows without adding exogenous hormones.

[0043] Table 1: Production performance indicators of each treatment group The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the application is intended to be illustrative only and is not intended to limit the application to the precise forms described. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. The exemplary embodiments are chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the application and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the application and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the application be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A weaner pig specific compound feed, characterized in that, The feed comprises a functional additive, the functional additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: plant extraction compound 1-3 parts, conjugated linoleic acid 2-5 parts, selenomethionine 0.0003-0.0005 parts, vitamin E 0.15-0.35 parts, and vitamin C 0.15-0.3 parts. The plant extraction compound is composed of the following components: astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, epigallocatechin gallate, and a carrier, and the mass ratio of the astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, and epigallocatechin gallate is 1:1-4:0.2-0.

8.

2. The weaner pig specific feed mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carrier is microcrystalline cellulose, and the mass of the carrier accounts for 40-60% of the mass of the plant extraction compound.

3. The weaner pig specific feed mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the plant extraction compound comprises the following steps: weighing the astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, epigallocatechin gallate, and carrier according to the formula proportion, then putting them into a mixer and mixing for 3-10 min, and then granulating to obtain the plant extraction compound granules.

4. The weaner pig specific feed mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, and epigallocatechin gallate is 1:1-2:0.2-0.

5.

5. The weaner pig specific feed mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the astragalus polysaccharide, icariin, and epigallocatechin gallate is 1:1.5:0.

3.

6. The weaner pig specific feed mix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional additive comprises the following raw materials: plant extraction compound 2 parts, conjugated linoleic acid 3.5 parts, selenomethionine 0.0004 parts, vitamin E 0.3 parts, and vitamin C 0.2 parts.

7. The weaner pig specific feed mix according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each ton of the feed comprises: corn 350-600 kg, flour 100-200 kg, soybean oil 15-25 kg, coconut oil 10-20 kg, soybean meal 120-180 kg, fermented soybean meal 30-50 kg, fish meal 20-40 kg, stone powder 10-20 kg, calcium hydrogen phosphate 10-20 kg, L-lysine hydrochloride 1-5 kg, DL-methionine 1-3 kg, L-threonine 1-5 kg, sodium chloride 3-7 kg, complex vitamin 1-5 kg, complex trace element 2-3 kg, and functional additive 3.2-8.7 kg.

8. A method of producing a weaner pig specific compound feed as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: weighing various raw materials according to the proportion, then crushing the corn, soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal with a 2.0 mm screen sheet; then adding other solid components and mixing uniformly, then adding liquid components and mixing, and then granulating to obtain the special compound feed for weaned sows.

9. A method of using a weaner pig diet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that, Each sow is fed with 2.5-3.8 kg per day from the weaning day.

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