Preparation and application of feed for breeding periplaneta americana by using sauced wine vinasse

Abstract

The invention discloses preparation of a feed for breeding periplaneta americana by using Maotai wine vinasse, the feed is prepared by compounding a basal feed and pretreated Maotai wine vinasse, and the basal feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn flour, 5-10 parts of wheat flour, 0.8-1.2 parts of dry yeast, 1.5-2.5 parts of bean cakes, 0.4-0.6 part of stone powder, 1.8-2.2 parts of rape seed cakes and 1.8-2.2 parts of white granulated sugar; the addition amount of the pretreated Maotai wine vinasse in the compound feed is 10-30% in percentage by weight. The Maotai wine vinasse is compounded into the feed, so that the breeding cost can be reduced, and the resource utilization of the vinasse can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed technology, specifically to a feed preparation and application for raising American cockroaches using the lees of soy sauce liquor. Background Technology

[0002] China is a major producer and consumer of baijiu (Chinese liquor), among which sauce-flavored baijiu occupies a significant market share due to its unique brewing process and flavor. Sauce-flavored baijiu lees, as a byproduct of brewing, are rich in crude protein (up to 24.12%), crude fiber (17.12%), and crude fat (7.95%), as well as amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and aromatic substances from alcoholic beverages. They possess extremely high resource utilization potential and are ideal feed ingredients.

[0003] However, the current treatment and utilization of distiller's grains still faces significant bottlenecks. On the one hand, traditional treatment methods often treat distiller's grains as waste, discarding them or simply piling them up. This not only occupies a large amount of land resources but also easily causes environmental pollution due to the high acidity and lignin-cellulose content of the distiller's grains, such as leachate polluting soil and groundwater and fermentation producing odorous gases. On the other hand, research on the feed application of distiller's grains has long focused on ruminants, poultry, and aquaculture, such as using them in dairy cow lactation feed, broiler diets, or as a substitute for soybean meal in shrimp feed, while neglecting the application potential of resource insects such as the American cockroach. As a representative insect of the order Blattodea, the American cockroach has extremely strong environmental adaptability and efficient organic matter conversion ability. Its body has a crude protein content as high as 63% (dry weight) and crude fat content of 20.48% (dry weight), and is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid, as well as a variety of medicinal amino acids. It is widely used in the field of high-protein feed for medicine and has great breeding value.

[0004] Current feed technology for American cockroach farming also has significant shortcomings. First, feed formulations rely on traditional raw materials such as corn flour, soybean meal, and fishmeal, which are not only costly but also prone to nutritional imbalances. Furthermore, the nutritional needs of adult cockroaches differ significantly between their reproductive and growth stages, making it difficult for existing formulations to accurately match the requirements of different developmental stages. Second, some formulations add 2–4% brown sugar or 6–8% sugar residue to enhance palatability. While this can increase feed intake, it can easily lead to excessive fat accumulation in the insects and may also introduce heavy metal risks due to the addition of fishmeal. Third, the farming cycle is long. Wild American cockroach nymphs require more than 300 days to develop, and even with artificial temperature control (28±2℃), it still takes 159 days, resulting in high energy and time costs. More importantly, there is currently no research on using liquor lees as a feed compounding ingredient for American cockroaches. This wastes the nutritional resources of the lees and limits the low-cost, high-value development of American cockroach farming. If the American cockroach's ability to digest high-fiber waste could be utilized, and liquor lees could be compounded into feed, it would reduce farming costs and achieve resource utilization of the lees. Traditional processing methods Summary of the Invention The present invention aims to provide a feed preparation and application for raising American cockroaches using the lees of Maotai liquor. By compounding the lees of Maotai liquor into the feed, the breeding cost can be reduced and the resource utilization of the lees can be realized.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: A feed preparation method for raising American cockroaches using fermented liquor lees is disclosed, comprising a base feed and pretreated fermented liquor lees. The base feed comprises, by weight, 30-40 parts corn flour, 5-10 parts wheat flour, 0.8-1.2 parts dry yeast, 1.5-2.5 parts soybean meal, 0.4-0.6 parts limestone powder, 1.8-2.2 parts rapeseed meal, and 1.8-2.2 parts white sugar. The pretreated fermented liquor lees are added to the compound feed at a weight percentage of 10-30%.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, the pretreatment steps for the lees of the sauce-flavored liquor include: a. Drying: placing the fresh lees of sauce-flavored liquor in an electric heating drying oven, first drying at 100±2℃ for 2.5 to 3.5 hours, then cooling to 50±2℃ and drying for 3.5 to 4.5 hours, until the dry matter content of the lees is ≥88%; b. Crushing and sieving: crushing the dried lees and passing them through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain lees powder for later use.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the compound feed includes: mixing and pulverizing corn flour, wheat flour, dry yeast, soybean cake, stone powder, rapeseed cake, and white sugar, and then passing the mixture through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain basic feed powder; adding pretreated soy sauce wine lees powder in proportion, and stirring evenly to obtain the compound feed.

[0008] As a preferred option, the amount of fermented liquor lees added is 20%, at which point the crude protein content of the compound feed is 20% to 22% and the crude fat content is 18% to 20%, which is suitable for the growth needs of older nymphs of the American cockroach.

[0009] A method for raising American cockroaches using feed, characterized by comprising the following steps: a. Environmental control: Place the American cockroaches in a rearing box, with egg trays provided as habitats. Maintain a rearing temperature of 28–30℃ and a relative humidity of 65–75%, and keep them in the dark. b. Feeding management: Place the compound feed in the feed box within the rearing box, and distilled water in the water box (with absorbent cotton soaked in the water box). Feed a fixed amount every 3 days, ensuring the American cockroaches consume it within 48 hours. Change the distilled water daily. c. Cycle adjustment: Adjust the feeding cycle according to the developmental stage of the American cockroaches. Feed for 40–45 days during the late nymph stage and 20–25 days during the adult breeding stage. Clean the rearing box every 10 days during this period.

[0010] A method for raising American cockroaches using feed includes the following steps: a. Environmental control: Place the American cockroaches in a rearing box, with egg trays provided as habitats. Maintain a rearing temperature of 28–30℃ and a relative humidity of 65–75%, and keep them in the dark. b. Feeding management: Place the compound feed in the feed box within the rearing box, and distilled water in the water box (with absorbent cotton soaked in the water box). Feed a fixed amount every 3 days, ensuring the American cockroaches consume it within 48 hours. Change the distilled water daily. c. Cycle adjustment: Adjust the feeding cycle according to the developmental stage of the American cockroaches. Feed for 40–45 days during the late nymph stage and 20–25 days during the adult breeding stage. Clean the rearing box every 10 days during this period.

[0011] An application of a feed in the large-scale breeding of American cockroaches is disclosed, which is used to prepare American cockroach medicinal raw materials or high-protein feed additives, and the American cockroach excrement and molted skin produced during the breeding process can be used as raw materials for organic fertilizer.

[0012] Working principle and beneficial effects of the present invention: One ton of distiller's grains can be formulated to prepare 5 tons of American cockroach feed. Based on Maotai Town's annual production of 250,000 tons of distiller's grains, this can reduce solid waste accumulation by 250,000 tons annually, lowering the risk of soil and groundwater pollution, and simultaneously reducing carbon emissions from traditional distiller's grains treatment methods (such as landfill and incineration). Assuming a methane emission rate of 0.1 tons of CO2eq / ton from landfilling distiller's grains, this translates to an annual CO2 reduction of 25,000 tons, fully aligning with green and low-carbon development requirements. Furthermore, the cost of pre-treated distiller's grains is only 1 / 3 that of soybean meal and 1 / 5 that of fishmeal. A 20% distiller's grains additive can replace 15% soybean meal and 10% fishmeal, reducing American cockroach feed costs by 22%-28%, effectively solving the problem of high costs associated with traditional feed ingredients.

[0013] The effects on improving the growth performance of American cockroaches were also significant. After 40 days of feeding with the 20% distillers' grains supplement group, the average weight gain of American cockroaches increased by 4.59% compared to the control group with the basal feed, and the molting rate increased by 2-6%. This was attributed to the promoting effect of yeast in the distillers' grains on the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes. The nymphal development cycle was shortened to 130-140 days, which was 12%-15% shorter than the traditional feed group with artificial temperature control. The survival rate remained at 90%, significantly higher than the 82% in the 30% distillers' grains group, solving the problems of long breeding cycles and large fluctuations in survival rates in traditional breeding methods. At the same time, the water-soluble protein content of the insects in the 20% distillers' grains supplement group reached 27.77%, which was 18.3% higher than the control group, and the crude fat content was 21.24%, which met the fat requirements of the nymphal stage. The water content was controlled at 6.11%-7.08%, far below the upper limit of 13% in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, avoiding excessive fat accumulation and nutritional imbalance caused by high-sugar feed, and ensuring that the insects maintained a high-quality nutritional structure while growing rapidly. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1The growth of American cockroaches under different amounts of distiller's grains added; Figure 2 and Figure 3 Crude fat content at different feeding times; Figure 4 and Figure 5 Extract content at different feeding times; Figure 6 This is the standard curve for bovine serum albumin. Figure 7 The water-soluble protein content after 20 days of feeding; Figure 8 The water-soluble protein content was determined after 40 days of feeding. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: 1. Compound feed formulation design Weigh out 350g corn flour, 75g wheat flour, 10g dry yeast, 20g soybean meal, 5g limestone powder, 20g rapeseed meal, and 20g white sugar. Mix and grind the mixture, then pass it through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a compound basic feed for American cockroaches. Take 90%, 80%, and 70% of the mixed basic feed and mix it with 10%, 20%, and 30% of fermented liquor residue to create different proportions of fermented liquor residue feed for American cockroaches. Place the feed in a feed box. Provide distilled water in a water box, with absorbent cotton soaked inside to prevent nymphs from drowning. Provide enough food and water each time. Feed the nymphs every 3 days, recording the weight of the basic feed and compound feed. Change the water daily.

[0016] 2. Pretreatment of distiller's grains Weigh 200g of soy sauce wine lees and place them in a tray. Put the tray into an electric heating drying oven and set the temperature to 100℃. Dry for 3 hours, removing the tray and shaking it once every hour. Then adjust the temperature to 50℃ and dry for 4 hours, removing the tray every hour, crushing the hard lumps, and after it is completely dry, crush and sieve it. Mix it with the compound feed in the specified proportion.

[0017] 3. Preparation of crude extract Feed boxes from both the experimental and control groups of American cockroaches, which had met the required rearing time, were removed and fed but not watered for 3 days to eliminate exogenous substances. The cockroaches were then removed from the constant temperature and humidity incubator and placed in a horizontal freezer for 30 minutes to euthanize them. The euthanized cockroaches were removed, their surfaces were cleaned with anhydrous ethanol solution, and then air-dried. The dried cockroaches were then dried at 60℃ for a total of 5 hours. During the first 2 hours of drying, the conical flask was shaken every 30 minutes, and then once per hour thereafter. The cockroaches were then removed, pulverized, sealed, and stored for later analysis.

[0018] 4. Determination of moisture content The moisture content was determined according to the method described in the patent and in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition).

[0019] The specific steps are as follows: (1) Take 2g of the test sample, with a diameter not exceeding 3mm, and spread it evenly in a dry constant weight weighing bottle with a thickness not exceeding 5mm. For loose test samples, the thickness should not exceed 10mm. Weigh it accurately, then open the bottle cap and place it in an electric heating drying oven at 105±2℃ for drying time of 300±5min. After drying, immediately close the bottle cap.

[0020] (2) Transfer to a silica gel desiccator for cooling: 30±2 min. After taking it out, place it in an electric heating drying oven for secondary drying: 105±2℃ / 60±1 min. Repeat the above steps and weigh it accurately multiple times until the difference is <5 mg.

[0021] 5. Extraction of crude fat The Soxhlet extraction method is used, and the operation steps are as follows: (1) First, set the water temperature of the constant temperature water bath to 65℃ and start heating.

[0022] (2) Take a piece of filter paper, fold it into a tube shape, and fold one end to seal it to make a filter paper funnel. Accurately weigh 2g of medicinal powder (dry the medicinal powder at 60℃ for 30min beforehand), put it into the filter paper funnel, and then fold the opening of the filter paper funnel to seal it to prevent sample leakage. Adjust the height of the filter paper funnel so that it is slightly lower than the opening of the connecting tube when placed in the extraction tube.

[0023] (3) Assemble the Soxhlet extractor in order from left to right and from bottom to top. First, install the flask and adjust its height to ensure that the flask is completely immersed in the water bath. Insert an appropriate amount of defatted cotton into the siphon tube, then install the siphon tube and reflux tube in sequence, and turn on the condenser. Add 5 times the volume of petroleum ether (boiling range 30~60℃) to the siphon tube, then quickly install the condenser tube, continue to install the extraction tube, and put the filter paper funnel containing the sample into the extraction tube.

[0024] (4) After 4 hours of siphoning, turn off the constant temperature water bath and stop heating. Collect all the solution, evaporate all petroleum ether by heating in a water bath in a fume hood, and further dry to constant weight. Weigh the oil and calculate the oil content. Repeat the above extraction process three times and calculate the average value.

[0025] 6. Extraction of leachate The alcohol-soluble extract content should be no less than 20%, determined according to the method for determining alcohol-soluble extracts in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition). The operating steps are as follows: (1) First, set the water temperature of the constant temperature water bath to 70°C and start heating.

[0026] (2) Weigh 2g of sample, add 50mL of ethanol according to the pharmacopoeia, and ensure that the solvent completely submerges the sample and let it stand for 1h.

[0027] (3) Connect the reflux condenser tube, place it in a constant temperature water bath, heat it to boiling, and then keep it in a gentle boiling state for reflux for 1 hour.

[0028] (4) After heating is stopped, wait for it to cool to room temperature, then filter it quickly with dry filter paper (to avoid loss due to evaporation), discard the initial filtrate, and collect the subsequent filtrate.

[0029] 2.2.7 Content of water-soluble protein The content of water-soluble protein was determined according to He Wenkai's method.

[0030] (1) Preparation of standard sample: Take 25 mg of bovine serum albumin standard, add RO water to make up to 100 mL, take 40 mL, dilute with distilled water to 100 mL, and get 100 μg, thus obtaining a 100 μg / mL standard solution.

[0031] (2) Preparation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue solution: Weigh 0.05g of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 powder, dissolve it in 25mL of 90% ethanol solution, add 50mL of 85% phosphoric acid solution, and after mixing thoroughly, transfer the mixture to a 500mL volumetric flask and add RO water to make up to the mark.

[0032] (3) Plot the standard curve: Take 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mL of the above standard samples respectively, and make up to 1.0 mL with RO water. Then add 5 mL of Coomassie Brilliant Blue. After 5 min, add 1.0 mL of RO water. Repeat the above operation and add 5 mL of Coomassie Brilliant Blue to carry out the color reaction. Use it as a control group. Set the wavelength of the ultraviolet spectrophotometer to 595 nm and measure the absorbance.

[0033] (4) Take 1.0g of crude extract of American cockroaches from each group, add 40mL of RO water, sonicate for 30min with an ultrasonic instrument (250W, 40KHZ), centrifuge for 10min, and take the supernatant for testing.

[0034] (5) Sample determination: Take 0.2 mL of supernatant, dilute to 1 mL with RO water, add 5 mL of Coomassie brilliant blue solution, and after 5 minutes, take another blank test tube and add 1 mL of RO water. Repeat the above steps, and add another 5 mL of Coomassie brilliant blue solution as a blank control. Detect at 595 nm.

[0035] 2.2.7 Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry Ion source parameters: EI inlet temperature: 230℃, electron energy mode: tuned setting, electron energy (eV): 70; detector using gain factor, EM protection limit for MRM / SIM: 3E+09; time filter off, automatic baseline subtraction, extraction time 40 min, extraction temperature 50℃, sample desorption time: 5 min, sample puncture depth: 40 mm, sample puncture speed 20 mm / s, puncture depth 40 mm, inlet puncture speed: 100 mm / s, analysis library: NIST spectrum, analysis software: Masshunter.

[0036] II. Results Analysis 1. Effects of different feed groups on weight gain rate like Figure 1 As shown, by comparing feed groups with different proportions of distillers' grains (10%, 20%, and 30%), the weight gain rate of American cockroaches showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The 20% distillers' grains addition group showed the best weight gain, with an average weight gain 4.59% higher than the control group. This result is somewhat similar to the application pattern of distillers' grains in ruminants, namely, low proportions (10-30%) can significantly improve feed conversion efficiency. When the distillers' grains addition reached 30%, the weight gain rate of American cockroaches slowed down significantly, possibly due to the increased fiber content and imbalance of essential amino acids in the distillers' grains. Further daily observation records showed that the high distillers' grains group experienced weight fluctuations and mortality in the later stages of the experiment (after day 20), suggesting that long-term high-dose feeding may induce metabolic stress.

[0037] 2. Changes in molting rate and survival rate As shown in Table 1, the molting rate and survival rate of American cockroaches changed significantly with different amounts of distillers' grains (DG) added. The molting rate of the American cockroaches in the 20% DG addition group increased by 2-6% compared to the basal feed group, possibly attributed to the residual yeast and B vitamins in the DG promoting the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes. However, the survival rate in the 30% DG group was only 82%, which is presumably related to the following factors: (1) Nutritional imbalance: The lysine and methionine content in the distiller's grains is insufficient (accounting for 2.1% and 1.5% of the total amino acids, respectively), which cannot meet the needs of the nymphs for rapid development. (2) Digestive burden: High fiber content (15%) leads to increased intestinal load in nymphs and a 40% decrease in lipase activity; (3) Toxin accumulation: The concentration of aldehydes (such as furfural) in the lees reaches 120 mg / g when the addition amount is 30%, which may inhibit the synthesis of ecdysone.

[0038] Table 1. Molting rate and survival rate of American cockroaches under different amounts of distiller's grains added.

[0039] 3. Moisture content determination As shown in Table 2, the effects of different proportions of distillers' grains in the compound feed on the moisture content of American cockroaches varied. Under the same basic feed and the same rearing time, the average moisture content after 20 days of rearing was 6.54%, and after 40 days it was 6.9%. Excessive moisture content in medicinal materials easily leads to mold, component degradation, and insect infestation, while insufficient moisture content results in physical loss. Reasonable moisture control (such as drying and proper storage) is crucial to ensuring efficacy, safety, and extending shelf life. Therefore, strict regulations must be established for the moisture content of American cockroaches when using them as medicinal materials. According to the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the upper limit for the moisture content of Chinese medicinal materials and processed medicinal slices is 13%. In this experiment, the moisture content of American cockroaches did not exceed 10% under different amounts of distillers' grains and different rearing times. This indicates that this experiment can improve the control of the moisture content of American cockroach medicinal materials, and this method can improve the quality control of American cockroach medicinal materials on the market.

[0040] Table 2. Effects of different proportions of distiller's grains on the moisture content of American cockroaches.

[0041] 4. Determination of crude fat content like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown: The average crude fat content measured in this experiment ranged from 19.22% to 21.52% (RSD < 5%), which was superior to the crude fat content of American cockroach nymphs (20.14%) in Zhou Qiong's experiment, and also higher than common meats such as pork (17.0%) and beef (20.0%), far superior to animal fat. Among them, the crude fat content of the 20% distiller's grains addition group (21.24 ± 0.33)% was significantly higher than that of the control group (19.22 ± 0.23)% after 20 days of feeding (21.24 ± 0.33)%. P<0.05 Furthermore, the crude fat content showed an increasing trend after 40 days of rearing, exhibiting the best stability, indicating that the 20% distillers' grains (DGD) compound formulation has significant advantages. American cockroaches, as a high-protein and high-fat compound resource, can replace traditional feed proteins such as fishmeal, reducing breeding costs. This experiment provides a feasible reference for American cockroach farming by varying the amount of DGD added, while also promoting the optimization of breeding techniques and the efficient utilization of resources, which is beneficial to the development of the American cockroach farming industry.

[0042] 5. Extract content like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown: This experiment measured the alcohol-soluble extract content in older nymphs of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) using the ethanol hot extraction method as described in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results showed that the alcohol-soluble extract content in older nymphs of the American cockroach ranged from 20.8% to 24.59% (RSD < 5%) under different amounts of distiller's grains added. The average alcohol-soluble extract content after 20 days of rearing was (21.91 ± 0.27)% (RSD < 5%), and after 40 days of rearing, it was (23.01 ± 0.27)% (RSD < 5%). The alcohol-soluble extract content in the 20% distiller's grains group (C1-1) reached (22.86 ± 0.16)% after 20 days of rearing. P <0.05), and the alcohol-soluble extract content of (C2-2) after 40 days of feeding reached (23.91±0.39)%. P <0.05) was significantly higher than that of the control group M1 (20.75±0.32)% and M2 (22.71±0.73)%. P The result was <0.05, indicating that the optimal addition amount of 20% distiller's grains was the best. Furthermore, according to the pharmacopoeia requirements, the extract content should not be less than 20%, and the results of this experiment met all the conditions and were in compliance with the requirements.

[0043] 6. Water-soluble protein content The prepared standard solutions were placed in a UV spectrophotometer, and the wavelength was set to 595 nm to measure the absorbance. The standard curve was obtained as y = 1.0909x + 0.0203, R0. 2 =0.9907 (see) Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 Subsequently, the absorbance at 595 nm was measured for different groups, and the water-soluble protein content was calculated accordingly. The results showed that the water-soluble protein content was highest when the amount of distiller's grains added was 20%, with an average water-soluble protein content of 27.77%.

[0044] 7. Analysis of medicinal components By comprehensively measuring growth indicators such as growth rate, molting rate and survival rate of American cockroaches, and combining biochemical component analysis such as water content, crude fat, alcohol-soluble extract and water-soluble protein, the group with 20% distiller's grains added was finally selected for triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection.

[0045] As shown in Table 3, the crude extract of American cockroaches fed with a mixture of fermented liquor lees and feed contained a total of 57 known substances, including 13 amines, 9 aldehydes and ketones, 9 alcohols, 9 acids, 6 esters, and 11 other substances. The vast majority of these are pharmaceutical and chemical intermediates. Benzylamine can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of some antibacterial drugs, such as serving as a key structure in Alzheimer's disease drugs. Coumaric acid-benzylpiperidine hybrids, as multi-target drugs, possess antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cholinergic activities. Furthermore, through structural modification (such as introducing halogen substituents or branched side chains), novel benzylamine compounds exhibit broader-spectrum antifungal activity against drug-resistant Candida. Allantoin plays an important role in digestive system protective drugs; for example, allantoin aluminum tablets (containing allantoin) promote the synthesis of prostaglandins E2PGE2 in the gastric mucosa, enhance mucus secretion, and improve blood flow, and are used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis. In cosmetics, allantoin also has many uses. For example, it helps maintain skin and hair tissue, is hydrophilic, and prevents water evaporation, thus helping the skin retain moisture, keep it smooth and elastic, and prevent hair from becoming frizzy. It also promotes tissue growth, softens keratinocytes, and accelerates skin metabolism. In conclusion, the American cockroach has extremely broad research prospects.

[0046] Table 3. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry results for groups with 20% distiller's grains addition.

[0047] Table 3. Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Components in the Effects of Compound Feed Containing Soy Sauce Wine and Distillers' Grains on American Cockroach Rearing (Continued)

[0048] Table 3. Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Components in the Effects of Compound Feed Containing Soy Sauce Wine and Distillers' Grains on American Cockroach Rearing (Continued)

[0049] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solution of this invention. These modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A feed preparation method for raising American cockroaches using the lees of soy sauce liquor, characterized in that, It is a compound feed made from basic feed and pretreated liquor lees. The basic feed includes, by weight, 30-40 parts corn flour, 5-10 parts wheat flour, 0.8-1.2 parts dry yeast, 1.5-2.5 parts soybean meal, 0.4-0.6 parts limestone powder, 1.8-2.2 parts rapeseed meal, and 1.8-2.2 parts white sugar. The amount of pretreated liquor lees added to the compound feed is 10-30% by weight.

2. The feed preparation method for raising American cockroaches using fermented liquor lees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment steps for the lees of the sauce-flavored liquor include: a. Drying: placing the fresh lees of sauce-flavored liquor in an electric heating forced-air drying oven, drying at 100±2℃ for 2.5 to 3.5 hours, then cooling to 50±2℃ and drying for 3.5 to 4.5 hours until the dry matter content of the lees is ≥88%; b. Crushing and sieving: crushing the dried lees and passing them through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain lees powder for later use.

3. The feed preparation method for raising American cockroaches using the lees of soy sauce liquor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the compound feed includes: mixing and pulverizing corn flour, wheat flour, dry yeast, soybean cake, stone powder, rapeseed cake and white sugar, and passing them through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain basic feed powder; adding pretreated soy sauce wine lees powder in proportion, and stirring evenly to obtain compound feed.

4. The feed preparation method for raising American cockroaches using the lees of soy sauce liquor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The amount of fermented liquor lees added is 20%. At this time, the crude protein content of the compound feed is 20% to 22% and the crude fat content is 18% to 20%, which is suitable for the growth needs of older nymphs of the American cockroach.

5. A method for raising American cockroaches using the feed described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. Environmental control: Place the American cockroaches in a rearing box, with egg trays provided as habitats. Maintain a rearing temperature of 28–30℃ and a relative humidity of 65–75%, and keep them in the dark. b. Feeding management: Place the compound feed in the feed box within the rearing box, and distilled water in the water box (with absorbent cotton soaked in the water box). Feed a fixed amount every 3 days, ensuring the American cockroaches consume it within 48 hours. Change the distilled water daily. c. Cycle adjustment: Adjust the feeding cycle according to the developmental stage of the American cockroaches. Feed for 40–45 days during the late nymph stage and 20–25 days during the adult breeding stage. Clean the rearing box every 10 days during this period.

6. A method for raising American cockroaches using the feed described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. Environmental control: Place the American cockroaches in a rearing box, with egg trays provided as habitats. Maintain a rearing temperature of 28–30℃ and a relative humidity of 65–75%, and keep them in the dark. b. Feeding management: Place the compound feed in the feed box within the rearing box, and distilled water in the water box (with absorbent cotton soaked in the water box). Feed a fixed amount every 3 days, ensuring the American cockroaches consume it within 48 hours. Change the distilled water daily. c. Cycle adjustment: Adjust the feeding cycle according to the developmental stage of the American cockroaches. Feed for 40–45 days during the late nymph stage and 20–25 days during the adult breeding stage. Clean the rearing box every 10 days during this period.

7. The application of the feed described in any one of claims 1 to 4 in the large-scale farming of American cockroaches, characterized in that, It is used to prepare American cockroach medicinal raw materials or high-protein feed additives, and the American cockroach excrement and molted skin produced during the breeding process can be used as raw materials for organic fertilizer.

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