Synchronizer structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a synchronizer structure which comprises a tooth holder, a tooth sleeve, a synchronizing ring and a pre-synchronizing assembly. The tooth holder is provided with outer teeth; the gear sleeve is provided with inner teeth and can axially move until the inner teeth of the gear sleeve are meshed with the outer teeth, and a mounting hole extending in the radial direction of the gear sleeve is formed in the outer wall of the gear sleeve; the synchronous ring is arranged on the tooth holder in a sleeving mode, and locking teeth are arranged on the outer wall of the synchronous ring and right face the mounting hole. The end of the pre-synchronization assembly penetrates through the mounting hole, an adjusting distance is formed between the pre-synchronization assembly and the locking teeth, and the pre-synchronization assembly is detachably connected with the mounting hole. In the assembling process, the tooth sleeve can be directly installed on the tooth holder, then the pre-synchronization assembly can be installed in the installation hole from the exterior of the tooth sleeve through the installation hole formed in the outer wall of the tooth sleeve, specifically, the end of the pre-synchronization assembly can penetrate through the tooth sleeve, an adjusting distance is formed between the end of the pre-synchronization assembly and the locking teeth of the synchronous belt, and installation is convenient.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of synchronizer technology, in particular to a synchronizer structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the gearbox, the gears of different gears are different in size and speed. When shifting, the shift fork pushes the sleeve to engage with the target gear ring. Before the sleeve and the gear really contact, the speed of the two is consistent through friction, and then they are combined together silently.

[0003] For example, the patent with application number CN201110264506.X proposes a synchronizer device of a transmission, which has a cylindrical synchronizer housing with external teeth, a shift engagement sleeve with internal teeth, wherein the internal teeth are axially movably engaged with the external teeth of the synchronizer housing, and at least one synchronizing ring with a locking toothing, a pre-synchronization element distributed in a recess in the circumferential direction of the synchronizer housing, the pre-synchronization element is elastically engaged with the shift engagement sleeve and can be locked by the shift engagement sleeve in an intermediate position, and wherein one end side of the locking toothing has a protrusion towards the pre-synchronization element, so as to adjust the spacing between the synchronizing ring and the pre-synchronization element.

[0004] However, during the installation of the tooth sleeve (i.e. the above-mentioned shift engagement sleeve), the spring (i.e. the above-mentioned pre-synchronization element) needs to be pressed to a compressed state, so that the tooth sleeve can be installed on the tooth seat (i.e. the above-mentioned synchronizer housing), and the process of pressing multiple springs and installing the tooth sleeve is extremely inconvenient. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a synchronizer structure to solve the problem that the process of pressing multiple springs and installing the tooth sleeve is extremely inconvenient.

[0006] The present application provides a synchronizer structure, which comprises a tooth seat, a tooth sleeve, a synchronizing ring and a pre-synchronization assembly; the tooth seat has external teeth; the tooth sleeve has internal teeth, the tooth sleeve can be axially moved to engage the internal teeth with the external teeth, and the outer wall of the tooth sleeve is provided with an installation hole extending in the radial direction thereof; the synchronizing ring is sleeved on the tooth seat and is provided with a locking tooth on the outer wall thereof, the locking tooth is arranged opposite to the installation hole; the end of the pre-synchronization assembly passes through the installation hole and forms an adjustment spacing with the locking tooth, and the pre-synchronization assembly is detachably connected with the installation hole.

[0007] Further, the pre-synchronization assembly comprises a supporting column, a spring and a bolt, the supporting column is in sliding connection with the mounting hole, one end of the spring is connected with the supporting column, the other end of the spring is connected with the bolt, the bolt is in matched connection with the threaded part of the mounting hole, and the end of the supporting column, which is away from the spring, is in spacing connection with the locking tooth.

[0008] Further, the mounting hole is a stepped hole, the mounting hole comprises a first hole section, a second hole section and a third hole section which are sequentially connected and have sequentially increased hole diameters, the outer wall of the supporting column is in sliding connection with the first hole section, the end of the supporting column, which is away from the synchronization ring, is in sliding connection with the second hole section, and the bolt is in matched connection with the threaded part arranged in the third hole section.

[0009] Further, the top of the supporting column is inwardly recessed to form a cavity, the spring extends into the cavity and is in abutment with the supporting column.

[0010] Further, the end of the supporting column, which is close to the synchronization ring, is a spherical surface.

[0011] Further, the locking tooth and the pre-synchronization assembly are both multiple, the multiple locking teeth are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the synchronization ring, and the multiple pre-synchronization assemblies are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the tooth sleeve.

[0012] Further, the inner tooth of the tooth sleeve is in abutment with the locking tooth of the synchronization ring.

[0013] Further, two taper rings are further included, the two taper rings are both coaxially arranged with the two tooth seats and are respectively arranged on the two sides of the tooth seats, and the two taper rings are in matched connection with the synchronization ring.

[0014] Further, a shift fork is further included, the shift fork is in detachable connection with the outer wall of the tooth sleeve.

[0015] Further, the shift fork has two fork legs, the opposite sides of the two fork legs are both provided with an insertion slot, the outer wall of the tooth sleeve is formed with an annular protrusion, the mounting hole is arranged on the annular protrusion, and the annular protrusion can be clamped in the insertion slots of the two fork legs.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, when assembling, the tooth sleeve can be directly mounted on the tooth seat, then the pre-synchronization assembly can be mounted in the mounting hole from the outside of the tooth sleeve through the mounting hole arranged on the outer wall of the tooth sleeve, specifically, the end of the pre-synchronization assembly can penetrate the tooth sleeve and form a spacing interval with the locking tooth of the synchronization belt, and the installation is convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the pre-processing assembly in the structure of the synchronizer provided by the embodiment of the application is shown. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the synchronizer structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Partial sectional view of the AA plane; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle shifter fork arrangement. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] Existing technology requires pressing springs during the installation of the gear sleeve to mount it onto the gear seat. Pressing multiple springs simultaneously while installing the gear sleeve is extremely inconvenient. Therefore, as... Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a synchronizer structure including a gear seat 100, a gear sleeve 200, a synchronization ring 300, and a pre-synchronization component 400; the gear seat 100 has external teeth; the gear sleeve 200 has internal teeth, and the gear sleeve 200 can be axially moved so that its internal teeth mesh with its external teeth, and a mounting hole 210 extending radially is provided on the outer wall of the gear sleeve 200; the synchronization ring 300 is sleeved on the gear seat 100 and a locking tooth 310 is provided on its outer wall, the locking tooth 310 being positioned directly opposite the mounting hole 210; the end of the pre-synchronization component 400 passes through the mounting hole 210 and forms an adjustable gap with the locking tooth 310, and the pre-synchronization component 400 is detachably connected to the mounting hole 210.

[0020] During implementation, the gear sleeve 200 can be directly installed onto the gear seat 100 during assembly. Then, the pre-synchronization component 400 can be installed from the outside of the gear sleeve 200 into the mounting hole 210 through the mounting hole 210 on the outer wall of the gear sleeve 200. Specifically, the end of the pre-synchronization component 400 can penetrate the gear sleeve 200 and form an adjustable gap with the locking tooth 310 of the timing belt, making installation convenient.

[0021] In this embodiment, the gear seat 100 is annular in shape, with internal teeth on its inner wall that mesh with the transmission main shaft (not shown), so that the gear seat 100 can be fixed on the transmission main shaft and can rotate as the transmission main shaft rotates.

[0022] In this embodiment, the gear sleeve 200 is the final executor of power transmission in the entire synchronizer assembly. After the synchronization process is completed, the gear sleeve 200 continues to move axially, and its internal teeth pass over the synchronizer ring 300 to directly mesh with the engagement gear ring on the target gear, forming a robust mechanical connection. In this way, power is finally transmitted from the shaft to the target gear through the gear hub and gear sleeve, completing the gear shift.

[0023] Before the speed is synchronized, the synchronization ring 300 is driven to rotate slightly by a friction force applied by the taper of the inner teeth of the gear sleeve 200. At this time, the locking teeth 310 on the synchronization ring 300 are just misaligned with the notch on the inner wall of the gear sleeve 200, causing the synchronization ring to be blocked. Only when the speed is completely synchronized and the friction force disappears, the synchronization ring 300 is slightly returned under the action of the supporting column, the blocking of the gear sleeve 200 is released, and the gear sleeve 200 can smoothly slide and combine with the gear.

[0024] The gear sleeve 200 in the embodiment is in a circular ring shape, and the inner diameter size is matched with the outer diameter size of the gear seat 100. In the installation process, first, the gear seat 100 is placed, then the gear sleeve 200 is coaxially sleeved on the gear seat 100, and the outer teeth of the gear seat 100 and the inner teeth of the gear sleeve 200 are engaged.

[0025] In the prior art, in the process of installing the gear sleeve, the pre-synchronization unit is installed on the outer wall of the gear seat, so the pre-synchronization unit needs to be pressed to be compressed to shorten the length before the gear sleeve is installed on the gear seat. It is inconvenient to press multiple pre-synchronization units at the same time, and multiple operators need to work together to install, which is time-consuming and laborious.

[0026] The present application is different from the prior art. The installation position of the pre-synchronization assembly 400 is changed to the gear sleeve 200. Specifically, the installation hole 210 is formed on the gear sleeve 200, and the pre-synchronization assembly 400 is installed by penetrating the installation hole 210.

[0027] Specifically, the gear sleeve 200 is coaxially sleeved on the gear seat 100, and the multiple pre-synchronization assemblies 400 are respectively penetrated through the multiple installation holes 210. The end of the pre-synchronization assembly 400 penetrates the installation hole 210 and forms an adjusting distance with the locking teeth 310 of the synchronization ring 300. The pre-synchronization assembly 400 is detachably connected with the installation hole 210.

[0028] Of course, in addition to the above installation method, the following installation method can also be adopted in the embodiment. The multiple pre-synchronization assemblies 400 are installed in the multiple installation holes 210 of the gear sleeve 200 in advance, and the gear sleeve 200 is sleeved on the gear seat 100. Since the multiple pre-synchronization assemblies 400 interfere with the outer wall of the gear seat 100, the gear sleeve 200 cannot be sleeved on the outer wall of the gear seat 100 at this time. Therefore, the pre-synchronization assemblies 400 are pressed to be completely hidden in the installation holes 210, and the pressing work of the multiple synchronization assemblies 400 is sequentially completed. The gear sleeve 200 can be directly sleeved on the gear seat 100 under the action of gravity and / or external force, thereby completing the installation process of the synchronizer structure.

[0029] It can be understood that both ways can complete the installation process of the synchronizer structure in the embodiment of the application.

[0030] Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the pretreatment assembly in the synchronizer structure provided by the embodiment of the application, in an embodiment, the pre-synchronization assembly 400 includes a supporting column 410, a spring 420 and a bolt 430, the supporting column 410 is in sliding connection with the mounting hole 210, one end of the spring 420 is connected with the supporting column 410, the other end of the spring 420 is connected with the bolt 430, the bolt 430 is in matched connection with the threaded part of the mounting hole 210, and the end of the supporting column 410 away from the spring 420 is formed with an adjusting interval with the locking tooth 310.

[0031] The supporting column 410 in the embodiment can slide along the length direction of the mounting hole 210, therefore, the outer diameter of the supporting column 410 should be matched with the inner diameter of the mounting hole 210. Meanwhile, the supporting column 410 needs to be comprehensively considered according to its specific application scene, stress condition, working environment and economy, and can be made of carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, tool steel and stainless steel material.

[0032] The supporting column 410 is used for transmitting axial force to start the synchronization process, ensuring the centering and smooth movement of the synchronization ring, realizing the “locking” function, the “unlocking” function after the synchronization is completed and providing positioning and return, it can be understood that the working principle of the supporting column 410 is a conventional setting that can be thought of by those skilled in the art, and only the installation of the supporting column 410 is adjusted in the application, that is, the supporting column 410 is installed on the tooth seat 100 to be adjusted to be installed on the tooth sleeve 200.

[0033] Since the supporting column 410 needs to slide up and down, in order to increase the guiding length, in an embodiment, the top of the supporting column 410 is inwardly recessed to form a cavity, and the spring 420 extends into the cavity and abuts against the supporting column 410. The vertical sectional view of the supporting column 410 is in U-shaped structure, by extending a part of the spring 420 into the cavity of the supporting column 410, a longer spring 420 can be arranged in the limited vertical space, and greater pre-tightening force is provided for the supporting column 410.

[0034] Of course, in other preferred embodiments, the supporting column 410 can also adopt a column structure or a spherical structure to realize the same, and the same can also realize the application intention of the application. It can be understood that when the supporting column 410 is set as a column structure, the vertical installation space of the spring 420 is greatly reduced, so that the length of the spring 420 is limited, in order to ensure that the force applied by the spring 420 to the supporting column 410 meets the requirements, only the thickness of the tooth sleeve 200 can be increased, at this time, the volume of the synchronizer structure is increased, and the production cost is increased. Meanwhile, when the supporting column 410 is set as a spherical structure, it cannot effectively slide to the outside of the tooth sleeve 200 to contact the locking tooth 310 of the synchronization ring 300.

[0035] The spring 420 in the present application must have sufficient pre-tightening force to ensure that the support column 410 and the gear sleeve 200 can be reliably lifted when in neutral, overcoming the slight friction and vibration inside the system, and maintaining positioning. If the pre-tightening force is insufficient (the spring 420 is too long or too soft), it will cause the gear sleeve 200 to be unstable in position when in neutral, resulting in abnormal noise or pre-jumping.

[0036] To define the sliding direction of the support column 410, in one embodiment, the mounting hole 210 is a stepped hole, the mounting hole 210 includes first, second and third hole sections that are sequentially connected and have hole diameters that sequentially increase, the outer wall of the support column 410 is in sliding connection with the first hole section, the end of the support column 410 away from the synchronizing ring 300 is in sliding connection with the second hole section, and the bolt 430 is in mating connection with the threaded part provided in the third hole section. By setting the mounting hole 210 as a stepped hole, it can be ensured that the support column 410 will not fall out, and the gear sleeve 200 and the support column 410 can be pre-assembled, which is high in production efficiency.

[0037] The first and second hole sections form a stepped structure, and when the support column 410 slides towards the synchronizing ring 300, the end of the support column 410 away from the synchronizing ring 300 abuts against the stepped portion, which can limit the distance that the support column 410 slides towards the synchronizing ring 300. At the same time, the spring 420 and the bolt 430 provided can limit the distance that the support column 410 slides away from the synchronizing ring 300.

[0038] It can be understood that the inner diameters of the second and third hole sections can be the same, and the application intention of the present application can also be achieved. The purpose of separating the second and third hole sections is that the inner wall of the third hole section is a threaded hole, which is different from the second hole section and is used to connect the bolt 430. The inner diameter of the third hole section cannot be smaller than that of the second hole section, otherwise, the support column 410 cannot be installed.

[0039] In the present embodiment, the end of the bolt 430 away from the spring 420 is provided with a cross opening, so as to facilitate the use of a tool to screw the bolt 430 into the mounting hole 210. It should be noted that the bolt 430 should be able to be completely screwed into the mounting hole 210, which can be achieved by setting the length of the third hole section of the mounting hole 210 to be greater than the length of the bolt 430. It can be understood that if the bolt 430 is not completely embedded in the mounting hole 210, interference will occur between the bolt 430 and the puller 600, affecting the normal gear shifting process.

[0040] Of course, in other preferred embodiments, a structure such as an inner hexagonal socket can also be used on the bolt 430 to replace the cross opening, which is convenient to install and disassemble and stable in connection.

[0041] It should be noted that when the bolt 430 is screwed into the mounting hole 210, the bolt 430 and the inner wall of the mounting hole 210 need to be spot welded or glued to avoid the bolt 430 from being separated from the mounting hole 210 for a long time under external force.

[0042] Of course, in other preferred embodiments, welding and the like can also be used to achieve the packaging and fixing of the support column 410 and the spring 420, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 1, Figures 2-3 In one embodiment, the locking teeth 310 and the pre-synchronization assembly 400 are both multiple, the multiple locking teeth 310 are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the synchronization ring 300, and the multiple pre-synchronization assemblies 400 are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the tooth sleeve 200.

[0044] The number of the locking teeth 310 and the pre-synchronization assembly 400 in the present embodiment is four, and it can be understood that each locking tooth 310 and the corresponding pre-synchronization assembly 400 are located on the same radial of the tooth sleeve 200, which can reduce the number of milling slots required by the tooth seat 100 and has high torque transmission strength.

[0045] It can be understood that the number of the locking teeth 310 on the synchronization ring 300 is not randomly determined, and it is a core parameter in the design of the synchronizer, which directly affects the shifting performance, reliability and service life. The more the number of locking teeth is, the greater the locking angular contact area is, the better the centering and stability are, and the higher the locking capacity is. However, it has some points such as increasing the shifting force, poor hand feeling, increasing the manufacturing difficulty and cost, possibly weakening the tooth strength and being difficult to unlock. Therefore, the number of the locking teeth 310 should be selected according to the actual needs, and it is not better the more.

[0046] The inner teeth of the tooth sleeve 200 abut against the locking teeth 310 of the synchronization ring 300.

[0047] The two taper rings 500 are coaxially arranged on both sides of the tooth seat 100 and are connected with the synchronization ring 300.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 1, Figure 4 The shifting fork 600 is detachably connected with the outer wall of the tooth sleeve 200. The action of the shifting fork 600 is driven by a complete shifting control mechanism, which finally converts the physical input of the driver into precise axial movement of the shifting fork. It can be understood that how to drive the shifting fork 600 is a conventional setting that can be thought of by those skilled in the art, and therefore it will not be described and explained too much.

[0049] The shifting fork 600 is a fork-shaped part, which is a key execution element in the gear shifting control system and is responsible for directly and accurately converting the gear shifting intention of the driver (transmitted through the gear shifting lever) into the axial movement of the sleeve 200 of the synchronizer, so as to complete the gear shifting.

[0050] In one embodiment, the shifting fork 600 has two prongs, and a slot 610 is formed on each prong. The outer wall of the sleeve 200 is formed with an annular protrusion, and the mounting hole 210 is arranged on the annular protrusion. The annular protrusion can be clamped into the slot 610 of the two prongs. The width of the slot 610 is matched with the width of the annular protrusion of the outer wall of the sleeve 200. The annular protrusion can be accurately and stably inserted into the slot 610. When the shifting fork 600 moves along the axis, the interaction force between the annular protrusion and the prong can push the sleeve 200 to move along the axial direction.

[0051] It can be understood that, in order to ensure that the sleeve 200 is uniformly stressed, the annular protrusion should be arranged at the middle position of the sleeve. Of course, in other preferred embodiments, the annular protrusion can also be arranged at a non-middle position of the sleeve, and the application intention of the present application can also be achieved. However, during the movement of the sleeve 200 along the axial direction driven by the shifting fork 600, the force received by one side of the sleeve 200 is larger, and the force received by the other side of the sleeve 200 is smaller, so that the other side is severely worn, thereby affecting the service life of the sleeve 200.

[0052] In order to match the protruding sleeve 200 (because the pre-synchronization unit 400 is arranged on the sleeve 200, the outer wall of the sleeve 200 is provided with a protrusion to increase or decrease the thickness of the part of the sleeve 200 on which the pre-synchronization unit 400 is installed), the prong of the shifting fork 600 is designed as a groove. When the sleeve 200 is pushed to the left, the end of the supporting column 410 and the inclined surface of the locking tooth 310 of the synchronizing ring 300 are in contact. Because the spring 420 has a pre-tightening force, the end of the supporting column 410 generates an axial component force on the synchronizing ring 300, which presses the synchronizing ring 300, and a friction torque is generated between the synchronizing ring 300 and the taper surface of the taper ring 500, which promotes the synchronizing ring 300 to rotate half a tooth, thereby completing the pre-synchronization process. With the continuous movement of the sleeve 200 to the left, the supporting column 410 slides upward against the spring force 420 under the action of the vertical component force of the inclined surface of the synchronizing ring 300, so as to separate from the inclined surface and slide against the outer circle of the synchronizing ring 300 until the gear shifting is completed.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1) During assembly, the sleeve 200 can be directly installed on the tooth seat 100, and then the pre-synchronization assembly 400 can be installed in the mounting hole 210 from the outside of the sleeve 200 through the mounting hole 210 formed in the outer wall of the sleeve 200. Specifically, the end of the pre-synchronization assembly 400 can penetrate the sleeve 200 and form an adjusting distance with the locking tooth 310 of the synchronizing belt, so that the installation is convenient. 2) The support column 410 moves up and down without the need for a swing, has a large guide length, smooth movement, and high reliability.

[0054] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A synchronizer structure, characterized in that, include: The tooth base has external teeth; A toothed sleeve having internal teeth, the toothed sleeve being axially movable until its internal teeth mesh with the external teeth, and the outer wall of the toothed sleeve having mounting holes extending in its radial direction; A synchronizing ring is sleeved on the gear seat and has locking teeth on its outer wall, with the locking teeth facing the mounting hole. A pre-synchronization component, the end of which passes through the mounting hole and forms an adjustable gap with the locking teeth, the pre-synchronization component being detachably connected to the mounting hole.

2. The synchronizer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-synchronization component includes a support column, a spring, and a bolt. The support column is slidably connected to the mounting hole. One end of the spring is connected to the support column, and the other end of the spring is connected to the bolt. The bolt is engaged with the threaded portion of the mounting hole. An adjustable gap is formed between the end of the support column away from the spring and the locking tooth.

3. The synchronizer structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting hole is a stepped hole, which includes a first hole section, a second hole section, and a third hole section that are connected in sequence and whose diameters increase in sequence. The outer wall of the support column is slidably connected to the first hole section, the end of the support column away from the synchronizing ring is slidably connected to the second hole section, and the bolt is engaged with the threaded part provided in the third hole section.

4. The synchronizer structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the support column is recessed inward to form a cavity, and the spring extends into the cavity and abuts against the support column.

5. The synchronizer structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The end of the support column near the synchronization ring has a spherical surface.

6. The synchronizer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple locking teeth and multiple pre-synchronization components. The multiple locking teeth are evenly arranged circumferentially along the synchronization ring, and the multiple pre-synchronization components are evenly arranged circumferentially along the tooth sleeve.

7. The synchronizer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner teeth of the gear sleeve abut against the locking teeth of the synchronizing ring.

8. The synchronizer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes two conical rings, both of which are coaxially arranged with the two gear seats and respectively located on both sides of the gear seats. The two conical rings are connected to the synchronization ring.

9. The synchronizer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a shift fork, which is detachably connected to the outer wall of the toothed sleeve.

10. The synchronizer structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The shift fork has two fork legs, and slots are provided on opposite sides of the two fork legs. The outer wall of the tooth sleeve has an annular protrusion, and the mounting hole is provided on the annular protrusion. The annular protrusion can be engaged in the slots of the two fork legs.

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