Heat collection-heat storage system design matching and dynamic regulation and control method based on heat flow-light flow matching strategy

Abstract

The invention provides a heat collection-heat storage system design matching and dynamic regulation and control method based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy. The method comprises the following steps that S1, a multi-temporal-spatial-scale solar fluctuation rule database of a solar heat storage system construction area is constructed; s2, the scale of a solar heat collection-storage system and the power of electric heating equipment are calculated, and the solar heat collection-storage system is designed and built based on the scale and the equipment probability; s3, the actual heat flow requirement of the heat storage system is calculated based on the target working temperature of the solar heat collection-heat storage system and the planned total heat storage amount in the operation period; s4, on the basis of the solar fluctuation rule database and the heat collection system, the currently available optical flow is determined; and S5, according to the actual heat flow requirement and the currently available light flow, the heat collection strategy of the heat collection system and the external heat compensation strategy are adopted. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of keeping the balance of energy supply and demand in the reactor, effectively preventing the problem of underheated or overheated sintering and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of matching and dynamic control technology for thermal collector-storage systems, and in particular to a method for designing, matching and dynamically controlling thermal collector-storage systems based on a heat flow-light flow matching strategy. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development of renewable energy has challenged the regulation capabilities of power systems, especially in addressing the volatility of renewable energy sources such as solar power. Energy storage technology, particularly thermal storage technology, has become key to solving the energy supply-demand mismatch problem. High-temperature thermal storage systems need to operate stably under high-temperature conditions and avoid material sintering to ensure efficient heat storage and release.

[0003] Existing technologies face certain bottlenecks in addressing high-temperature thermal storage and preventing sintering. Traditional thermal storage systems typically rely on temperature control devices and intelligent adjustment mechanisms to ensure the system operates within a target temperature range. Common control methods include: 1) heat exchange control, which adjusts the operating state of the heat exchanger to control the input and output of heat flow, maintaining the temperature of the storage medium within a set range; 2) automatic regulating valves, which automatically regulate fluid flow to control the rate of heat transfer and prevent the system temperature from exceeding the target range; and 3) feedback control systems, which dynamically adjust the heating or cooling process by monitoring temperature data in real time, combined with sensors and intelligent algorithms, to achieve precise temperature control. These technologies, to some extent, ensure the temperature stability of thermal storage systems under different loads and environmental conditions. However, in high-temperature, large-capacity thermal storage applications, challenges remain, such as slow response speed and insufficient temperature control accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a design matching and dynamic control method for a heat collection-storage system based on a heat flow-light flow matching strategy. This method controls the mass flow rate of calcium carbonate particles, enabling the system to dynamically adjust the calcium carbonate feed rate of the reactor according to fluctuations in solar energy input and the system's operating status. This maintains the energy supply and demand balance inside the reactor and effectively prevents underheating or overheating sintering problems.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for design matching and dynamic control of a thermal collector-storage system based on a heat flux-optical flux matching strategy, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Construct a multi-temporal and spatial scale database of solar energy fluctuation patterns in the construction area of ​​solar thermal storage systems;

[0008] S2: Based on the solar energy fluctuation pattern database, calculate the scale of the solar thermal collector-storage system and the power of the equipped electric heating equipment, and design and construct the solar thermal collector-storage system based on the scale and equipment probability.

[0009] S3: Based on the target operating temperature of the solar collector-storage system and the planned total heat storage during operation, calculate the actual heat flow demand of the thermal storage system;

[0010] S4: Determine the currently available light flow based on the solar energy fluctuation database and the solar collector system;

[0011] S5: Based on the actual heat flow requirements and the currently available optical flow, a heat collection strategy and an external heat supply strategy for the heat collection system are adopted. Specifically, the heat collection strategy and the external heat supply strategy for the heat collection system are as follows:

[0012] When the optical flow is greater than the heat flow, the heat collection strategy is executed;

[0013] When the optical flow is less than the heat flow, an external heating strategy is implemented.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific steps for calculating the scale of the solar thermal collector-storage system and the power of the equipped electric heating equipment are as follows:

[0015] The scale of the solar collector-storage system and the power of the electric heating equipment are determined based on the region's sunshine duration, radiation intensity, seasonal variations, and user load demand from the solar energy fluctuation pattern database.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific steps of S3 are as follows:

[0017] Based on the target operating temperature of the solar collector-storage system, the planned total heat storage during operation, and the temperature changes during system operation, the actual heat flow requirements of the heat storage system are obtained through thermodynamic modeling and energy balance analysis.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific steps of S4 are as follows:

[0019] Based on real-time monitoring of solar radiation intensity, meteorological conditions, and the operating status of the solar collector system in the solar energy fluctuation database, combined with the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar collector system and the thermal energy demand of the thermal storage system, the actual heat flow demand is obtained.

[0020] Furthermore, the heat collection strategy includes one or more of the following: spatiotemporal two-dimensional focusing modeling of the mirror field, mirror field arrangement-spot adjustment strategy, or development of a focusing closed-loop control system.

[0021] Furthermore, external heat replenishment strategies include one or more of the following: photoelectric-thermal dynamic balance modeling, particle circulation and load dynamic adjustment, and thermal storage reactor-collector coupling.

[0022] Furthermore, the specific steps of the particle circulation and dynamic load adjustment are as follows:

[0023] Obtain the current input solar energy, construct a total heat balance based on the current input solar energy, and heat the particles based on the total heat balance from the inlet temperature T0 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorption, thermochemical reaction heat absorption, and fluidizing gas are heated from the inlet temperature T1 to the decomposition temperature T. r The relationship between the current solar energy input and the mass flow rate of the calcium carbonate particles to be controlled is obtained from the heat absorption, and the mass flow rate of the calcium carbonate particles is adjusted based on the relationship.

[0024] Furthermore, the total heat balance is as follows:

[0025] ηQ in (t)=Q s +Q r +Q g

[0026] Where η is the total heat collection efficiency from the optical flow to the reactor, and Q in (t) represents the current input solar energy, Q s The particles are heated from the inlet temperature T0 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed by Q; r Thermochemical reactions absorb heat; Q g The fluidizing gas is heated from the inlet temperature T1 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed.

[0027] Furthermore, the particles are heated from the inlet temperature T0 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed is:

[0028]

[0029] M(t) represents the mass flow rate of calcium carbonate particles that needs to be controlled, c p0 This is the specific heat capacity of calcium carbonate;

[0030] The heat absorbed by a thermochemical reaction is:

[0031]

[0032] M CaCO3 ΔH is the molar mass of calcium carbonate; ΔH is the enthalpy of reaction between CaCO3 and CaO / CO2.

[0033] The fluidizing gas is heated from the inlet temperature T1 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed is:

[0034]

[0035] Where, ρ CO 2 represents the density of carbon dioxide; A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the reactor; u gp is the carbon dioxide flow rate; p is the pressure inside the reactor; c is the pressure inside the reactor. p1 This represents the specific heat capacity of carbon dioxide. Here is the molar mass of carbon dioxide. Let be the temperature of carbon dioxide, and R be the ideal gas constant.

[0036] Furthermore, the relationship between the current input solar energy and the mass flow rate of the calcium carbonate particles to be controlled is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] This invention dynamically adjusts the mass flow rate of calcium carbonate particles and employs flexible matching control logic at the consumption end to transform the intermittent deficiencies of solar energy into adjustable fluctuations in the system's feed parameters. Therefore, when controlling the mass flow rate of calcium carbonate particles, the system can dynamically adjust the calcium carbonate feed rate of the reactor based on solar energy input fluctuations and system operating status, maintaining an energy supply and demand balance within the reactor and effectively preventing underheating or overheating sintering problems. This invention simultaneously avoids incomplete reactions caused by underheating and a sharp drop in reaction efficiency caused by overheating sintering, maximizing solar energy utilization, avoiding energy waste or deficits, and preventing equipment damage caused by temperature instability. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the design matching and dynamic control method for the heat collection-storage system in this invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the specific process of the design matching and dynamic control method for the heat collection-storage system in this invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic control object in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0044] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing a method for designing, matching, and dynamically controlling a solar collector-storage system based on a heat flow-light flow matching strategy, so as to guide the efficient operation of solar thermal storage devices.

[0045] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0046] This invention provides a method for design matching and dynamic control of a thermal collector-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1: Construct a multi-temporal and spatial scale database of solar energy fluctuation patterns in the construction area of ​​solar thermal storage systems;

[0048] S2: Based on the solar energy fluctuation pattern database of S1, reasonably calculate the scale of the solar thermal collector-storage system and the power of the electric heating equipment, and design and construct the solar thermal collector-storage system;

[0049] S3: For the heat collection-storage system constructed in S2, calculate the actual heat flow demand of the heat storage system based on the target operating temperature of the heat storage system and the planned total heat storage volume during operation.

[0050] S4: Based on the solar energy fluctuation pattern database obtained in S1 and the solar collector system constructed in S2, determine the currently available light flow;

[0051] S5: Based on the heat flow demand and available light flow determined in S3 and S4, adjust the heat collection strategy and external heat supplementation strategy of the heat collection system. When the light flow is greater than the heat flow, control the heat collection system to prevent the heat storage system from overheating and sintering. When the light flow is less than the heat flow, supplement the heat storage system with heat energy through thermoelectric devices to achieve the working temperature and meet the heat flow demand.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the design matching and dynamic control method for the heat collection-storage system in this invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the specific process of the design matching and dynamic control method for the heat collection-storage system in this invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic control object in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] The multi-temporal and spatial scale solar energy fluctuation database in S1 collects and analyzes data on solar radiation intensity, temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc., across different time spans (years, quarters, day and night), different time periods, and different weather conditions. It then uses statistical methods or machine learning algorithms to model these data, providing accurate predictions of solar energy availability and fluctuation patterns.

[0056] S2 calculates the scale of the solar collector-storage system design and construction, the power of the electric heating equipment required by the system, takes into account the region's sunshine duration, radiation intensity, seasonal variations, and user load demand, and determines the optimal configuration and design parameters of the system through optimization algorithms to improve the system's energy utilization efficiency and economy.

[0057] The specific construction form of a solar thermal collector system includes selecting an appropriate collector system type based on the required working fluid heating temperature range and collection efficiency. The collector system can be selected from parabolic trough collectors, Fresnel collectors, dish collectors, or tower collectors to achieve the best collection effect and energy conversion efficiency. The selection of collector type is based on system design parameters and the solar energy resource characteristics of the region.

[0058] Depending on the system's subsequent heat release requirements or the user's thermal energy demand, different thermal storage methods are adopted, including phase change thermal storage, particle thermal storage, molten salt thermal storage, or thermochemical thermal storage. Suitable thermal storage materials and technologies are selected to ensure that the system can efficiently store and release thermal energy under different time periods and operating conditions, meet load requirements, and improve the system's energy utilization efficiency.

[0059] Electric heating equipment includes the following types:

[0060] Direct electric heating method, in which the thermal storage medium or heat exchanger is directly heated by electric energy, and the electrical energy is converted into heat energy by resistance heating technology to provide the required heat flow to the thermal storage system to meet the system’s heat energy demand when the light flow is less than the heat flow.

[0061] Photovoltaic electric heating utilizes photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy into electrical energy, which then drives an electric heater or heat exchanger to further convert the electrical energy into heat energy, providing heat to the thermal storage system. This method is particularly suitable for environments with strong sunlight. By integrating photovoltaic power generation and thermal heating, the system's energy self-sufficiency is enhanced.

[0062] The sources of electricity include the external power grid, distributed photovoltaic power generation systems, and energy storage batteries. Electricity is intelligently dispatched according to system status and real-time demand.

[0063] The actual heat flow demand data of the thermal storage system in S3, combined with the operating temperature range of the thermal storage system, the total amount of heat required, and the temperature changes during system operation, are used to accurately calculate the required heat flow input of the thermal storage system through thermodynamic modeling and energy balance analysis.

[0064] The actual operating light flux data in S4 is based on real-time monitoring of solar radiation intensity, meteorological conditions, and the operating status of the solar collector system. Combined with the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar collector system and the thermal energy demand of the thermal storage system, the calculation of light flux is dynamically adjusted to ensure real-time adaptation of light flux.

[0065] In S5, when the required heat flow is less than the available light flow, strategies such as spatiotemporal dual-dimensional focusing modeling of the mirror field, mirror field arrangement-spot joint adjustment strategy, and development of a focusing closed-loop control system are used to optimize the working state of the heat collection system, prevent excessive heat collection and improve system efficiency, so as to ensure the stable operation of the system and maximize energy utilization.

[0066] By combining multiple spatiotemporal factors such as solar radiation intensity, mirror field location, heat collection angle, sunshine duration, and seasonal changes, a spatiotemporal two-dimensional concentrating model of the solar thermal collector mirror field is established using ray tracing and photometric calculation models to optimize the working efficiency and energy conversion rate of the heat collection system.

[0067] By dynamically adjusting the layout and angle of the mirror field according to real-time illumination conditions and the needs of the thermal storage system, and by adopting a spot adjustment strategy to adjust the position of the spot in real time, the high-efficiency energy conversion and matching of light flow and heat flow of the solar thermal collector system can be ensured.

[0068] The system monitors the working status of the heat collection system and the mirror field in real time, and uses a closed-loop control algorithm to adjust the angle of the heat collection mirror array and the working status of the heat collector in real time, so as to ensure the precise matching of light flow and heat flow and improve the stability and efficiency of the heat collection system.

[0069] In S5, when the required heat flow exceeds the available light flow, strategies such as light-electricity-heat dynamic balance modeling, particle circulation and load dynamic adjustment, and thermal storage reactor-collector coupling are used to optimize the operation of the supplementary heating system to ensure that the system can meet the set operating temperature and heat flow requirements and achieve efficient energy utilization.

[0070] By establishing a dynamic balance model among solar energy, electrical energy, and thermal energy, taking into account solar radiation, thermal storage demand, photovoltaic power generation, and the status of the energy storage system, the working status of photovoltaic panels, thermal power equipment, and thermal storage system is adjusted in real time to achieve efficient synergy among photovoltaic and thermal energy.

[0071] By controlling the circulation path and operating cycle of the granular thermal storage material, and combining changes in user load demand and lighting conditions, the heat flow output and thermal storage capacity of the granular thermal storage system can be dynamically adjusted to improve the system's flexibility and energy efficiency.

[0072] By employing the coordinated operation of a heat exchanger and a thermal storage reactor, and by adjusting the heat flow input of the collector and the heat flow output of the thermal storage reactor in real time, the heat energy transfer between the collector system and the thermal storage system becomes more efficient. This ensures that the thermal storage system can replenish heat energy in a timely manner under low light conditions and maintain the stable operation of the system.

[0073] Furthermore, the multi-temporal and spatial scale solar energy fluctuation pattern database in S1 collects and analyzes data such as solar radiation intensity, temperature, humidity, and wind speed over different time spans (years, quarters, day and night), at different times, and under different weather conditions. It then uses statistical methods or machine learning algorithms to model these data, providing accurate predictions of solar energy availability and fluctuation patterns.

[0074] Furthermore, S2 calculates the scale of the solar collector-storage system design and construction, the power of the electric heating equipment required by the system, takes into account the region's sunshine duration, radiation intensity, seasonal variations, and user load demands, and determines the optimal configuration and design parameters of the system through optimization algorithms to improve the system's energy utilization efficiency and economy.

[0075] Furthermore, the specific construction form of the solar thermal system includes selecting an appropriate type of thermal system based on the required working fluid heating temperature range and thermal efficiency. The thermal system can be selected from parabolic trough collectors, Fresnel collectors, dish collectors, or tower collectors to achieve the best thermal effect and energy conversion efficiency. The selection of the collector type is based on the system design parameters and the solar energy resource characteristics of the region.

[0076] Furthermore, depending on the system's subsequent heat release requirements or the user's thermal energy demand, different thermal storage methods are adopted, including phase change thermal storage, particle thermal storage, molten salt thermal storage, or thermochemical thermal storage. Suitable thermal storage materials and technologies are selected to ensure that the system can efficiently store and release thermal energy under different time periods and operating conditions, meet load demands, and improve the system's energy utilization efficiency.

[0077] Furthermore, electric heating equipment includes the following types:

[0078] Direct electric heating method, in which the thermal storage medium or heat exchanger is directly heated by electric energy, and the electrical energy is converted into heat energy by resistance heating technology to provide the required heat flow to the thermal storage system to meet the system’s heat energy demand when the light flow is less than the heat flow.

[0079] Photovoltaic electric heating utilizes photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy into electrical energy, which then drives an electric heater or heat exchanger to further convert the electrical energy into heat energy, providing heat to the thermal storage system. This method is particularly suitable for environments with strong sunlight. By integrating photovoltaic power generation and thermal heating, the system's energy self-sufficiency is enhanced.

[0080] Furthermore, the sources of electricity include external power grids, distributed photovoltaic power generation systems, energy storage batteries, etc., and the electricity is intelligently dispatched according to the system status and real-time demand.

[0081] Furthermore, the actual heat flow demand data of the thermal storage system in S3, combined with the operating temperature range of the thermal storage system, the total amount of heat required, and the temperature changes during system operation, are used to accurately calculate the required heat flow input of the thermal storage system through thermodynamic models and energy balance analysis.

[0082] Furthermore, the actual optical flow data during operation in S4 is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring of solar radiation intensity, meteorological conditions, and the operating status of the solar collector system, combined with the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar collector system and the thermal energy demand of the thermal storage system, to ensure real-time adaptation of optical flow.

[0083] Furthermore, in S5, when the required heat flow is less than the available light flow, the working state of the heat collection system is optimized through strategies such as spatiotemporal two-dimensional focusing modeling of the mirror field, mirror field arrangement-spot joint adjustment strategy, and development of a focusing closed-loop control system. This prevents excessive heat collection and improves system efficiency, thereby ensuring stable system operation and maximizing energy utilization.

[0084] Furthermore, the spatiotemporal dual-dimensional concentrating model of the mirror field combines multiple spatiotemporal factors such as solar radiation intensity, mirror field location, heat collection angle, sunshine duration, and seasonal changes, and uses ray tracing and photometric calculation models to establish a spatiotemporal dual-dimensional concentrating model of the solar thermal collector mirror field, so as to optimize the working efficiency and energy conversion rate of the heat collection system.

[0085] Furthermore, the mirror field arrangement-spot adjustment strategy dynamically adjusts the layout and angle of the mirror field according to real-time illumination conditions and the needs of the thermal storage system, and uses the spot adjustment strategy to adjust the position of the spot in real time to ensure the efficient energy conversion of the solar thermal collector system and the matching of light flow and heat flow.

[0086] Furthermore, the development of the concentrating closed-loop control system involves real-time monitoring of the working status of the heat collection system and the mirror field, and the use of a closed-loop control algorithm to adjust the angle of the heat collection mirror array and the working status of the heat collector in real time, so as to ensure precise matching of light flow and heat flow and improve the stability and efficiency of the heat collection system.

[0087] Furthermore, in S5, when the required heat flow is greater than the available light flow, the operation of the supplementary heating system is optimized through strategies such as light-electricity-heat dynamic balance modeling, particle circulation and load dynamic adjustment, and coupling of the thermal storage reactor and the collector, so as to ensure that the system can meet the set operating temperature and heat flow requirements and achieve efficient energy utilization.

[0088] Furthermore, the photoelectric-thermal dynamic balance modeling method establishes a dynamic balance model between light energy, electrical energy, and thermal energy, taking into account solar radiation, thermal storage demand, photovoltaic power generation, and the state of the energy storage system, and adjusts the working state of photovoltaic panels, thermal power equipment, and thermal storage system in real time to achieve efficient synergy among the three.

[0089] Furthermore, the particle circulation and load dynamic regulation control the circulation path and operating cycle of the particle thermal storage material, combined with changes in user load demand and lighting conditions, to dynamically adjust the heat flow output and thermal storage capacity of the particle thermal storage system, thereby improving the system's flexibility and energy efficiency.

[0090] Furthermore, the thermal storage reactor-collector coupling adopts the coordinated operation of the heat exchanger and the thermal storage reactor. By adjusting the heat flow input of the collector and the heat flow output of the thermal storage reactor in real time, the heat energy transfer between the collection system and the storage system is made more efficient, thereby ensuring that the thermal storage system can replenish heat energy in a timely manner under low light conditions and maintain the stable operation of the system.

[0091] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0092] 1) High-efficiency heat flow-light flow matching and dynamic control: By constructing a database of solar energy fluctuation patterns and a real-time monitoring system, this invention can accurately calculate and dynamically adjust the heat flow demand and light flow of the thermal storage system, optimize the heat collection and storage process, and ensure real-time matching of light flow and heat flow, thereby significantly improving the energy utilization efficiency and operational stability of the solar thermal collection system.

[0093] 2) Enhanced system flexibility and stability: By combining spatiotemporal dual-dimensional focusing modeling of the mirror field, mirror field arrangement-spot adjustment strategy, and focusing closed-loop control, this invention can dynamically adjust the working state of the heat collection system under different illumination conditions, effectively preventing excessive heat collection or excessively high temperature. At the same time, through strategies such as dynamic balance adjustment of light-electricity-heat, adjustment of particulate heat storage materials, and coupling of heat storage reactor and heat collector, the operation of the heat replenishment system is optimized, ensuring that the system can still operate stably under low illumination conditions, meet load requirements, and enhance the system's flexibility and long-term stability.

[0094] The decomposition reaction of calcium carbonate particles is as follows:

[0095] CaCO3(s)→CaO(s)+CO2(g) ΔH=+178kJ / mol

[0096] The initial decomposition temperature of this reaction is 830℃, but calcium carbonate particles are prone to sintering at temperatures exceeding 1000℃. Therefore, in the heat collection-storage system based on heat flux-light flux matching presented in this paper, a suitable temperature range within the reactor is selected as 900 (±50)℃. To achieve stable operation of the calcium carbonate thermochemical reactor, it is necessary to adjust the solar energy input Q at different times. in (t) Precisely control the mass flow rate M(t) of the calcium carbonate particles to keep the particles within this temperature range. Let η be the total heat collection efficiency from the light flow to the reactor, then the heat entering the reactor is ηQ. in (t). Part of this heat is used to heat the particles, part to provide heat for the thermochemical reaction, and part to heat the fluidizing gas, thus achieving total heat balance.

[0097] ηQ in (t)=Q s +Q r +Q g (1)

[0098] Q s The particles are heated from the inlet temperature T0 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed;

[0099] Q r Thermochemical reactions absorb heat;

[0100] Q g The fluidizing gas is heated from the inlet temperature T1 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed;

[0101] Then there is

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] Where c p0 Specific heat capacity of calcium carbonate, J / (kg·K);

[0105] c p1 Specific heat capacity of carbon dioxide, J / (kg·K);

[0106] M CaCO3 Molar mass of calcium carbonate, kg / mol;

[0107] M g Mass flow rate of carbon dioxide, kg / s;

[0108] If carbon dioxide is considered an ideal gas, then we have

[0109]

[0110] but

[0111]

[0112] Where ρ CO 2: Density of carbon dioxide, kg / m³ 3 ;

[0113] A: Cross-sectional area of ​​the reactor, m 3 ;

[0114] u g Carbon dioxide flow rate, m / s;

[0115] p: Pressure inside the reactor, Pa;

[0116] Substituting equations (2), (3), and (6) into equation (1), we get

[0117]

[0118] Solving

[0119]

[0120] The solar energy input Q at different times can be obtained from equation (8). in The mass flow rate M(t) of calcium carbonate particles needs to be controlled to ensure that the temperature inside the reactor is within a suitable decomposition temperature range. This allows the system to dynamically adjust the calcium carbonate feed rate of the reactor according to fluctuations in solar energy input and the system's operating status, maintaining a balance between energy supply and demand inside the reactor and effectively preventing underheating or overheating sintering problems.

[0121] The embodiments of this invention combine solar irradiance and the factory's heat demand to design a heat collection-storage system based on a heat flow-light flow matching strategy. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0122] S1: Constructing a database of solar energy fluctuation patterns

[0123] The average annual solar irradiance in a certain region is approximately 4.5 kWh / m². 2 • Based on meteorological data of the region, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed, a multi-temporal and spatial scale database of solar energy fluctuation patterns was constructed. This database considers factors such as solar radiation intensity, seasonal variations, and diurnal variations. Based on this data, statistical methods or machine learning algorithms are used for modeling, thereby providing accurate predictions of available solar energy and its fluctuation patterns for the design of solar collector-storage systems.

[0124] S2: Design scale of the thermal collector-storage system

[0125] According to database calculations, a factory's average daily heat demand is 30 MWh. To meet this demand and ensure stable system operation, a heat collection and storage system with a total power of 50 MW was designed. The total heat storage capacity of the storage system is 300 MWh, capable of meeting the heat storage demand for more than 24 hours. A tower-type heat collection system was adopted, equipped with 30 heliostats to ensure efficient heat collection and optimize heat transfer.

[0126] S3: Calculation of heat flow requirements for thermal storage system

[0127] Based on the target operating temperature of 850℃ for the thermal storage reactor, the heat flux requirements at different reaction stages were calculated. A fluidized bed reactor was used, with CaCO3 / CaO particles as the heat storage medium. The reactor's operating temperature range was 700℃ to 950℃, and the sintering temperature was 1000℃. Using a heat flux density demand model, the heat flux requirements of the reactor at each stage were accurately calculated. Combined with the temperature distribution of the particles within the reactor and the fluidization velocity, the dynamic adjustment of the heat flux was optimized to ensure uniform heat distribution within the thermal storage reactor.

[0128] S4: Determine the matching of optical flow and thermal flow

[0129] During actual operation, the solar radiation intensity, meteorological conditions, and operating status of the heat collection system are monitored in real time to calculate the currently available light flow. Under conditions of strong light intensity, the heliostat uses spatiotemporal two-dimensional focusing modeling of the mirror field to dynamically adjust the mirror angle according to the light intensity and heat collection requirements, optimize the focusing efficiency, and ensure the accuracy of the focusing point position to meet the heat flow requirements of the thermal storage reactor.

[0130] S5: Dynamic control of the heat collection system and the heat storage system

[0131] When the solar flux exceeds the heat flux requirement, the heliostats in the thermal collector system adjust their field angles using a combined mirror field arrangement and light spot adjustment strategy to avoid excessive heat collection and prevent overheating and sintering of the thermal storage reactor. At this time, the system maintains the reactor temperature within a safe range by adjusting the solar collector output and heat flux input of the heliostats. Simultaneously, when the solar flux is insufficient to meet the heat flux requirement, the system supplements the thermal storage system with an electric auxiliary heating device. This device uses grid resistance heating to convert electrical energy into heat energy, supplementing the thermal storage reactor's heat energy and ensuring stable operation even under low light conditions.

[0132] By adjusting the coordinated operation of the photovoltaic panels and the electric heating device in real time, the system's high efficiency is ensured. When solar radiation is low, the electric heating device uses intelligent scheduling to prioritize the use of grid power for supplementary heating to make up for the insufficient heat energy. Conversely, when sunlight is strong, the system relies on the power of the solar collector system, reducing its dependence on the electric auxiliary heating device, thereby optimizing energy efficiency.

[0133] This embodiment successfully achieves dynamic matching between the solar thermal collector-storage system and the thermochemical thermal storage process through the above technical solutions, and improves the energy utilization efficiency and economy of the system while ensuring the stable operation of the reactor.

[0134] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for designing, matching, and dynamically controlling a thermal collector-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1: Construct a multi-temporal and spatial scale database of solar energy fluctuation patterns in the construction area of ​​solar thermal storage systems; S2: Based on the solar energy fluctuation pattern database, calculate the scale of the solar thermal collector-storage system and the power of the equipped electric heating equipment, and design and construct the solar thermal collector-storage system based on the scale and equipment probability. S3: Based on the target operating temperature of the solar collector-storage system and the planned total heat storage during operation, calculate the actual heat flow demand of the thermal storage system; S4: Determine the currently available light flow based on the solar energy fluctuation database and the solar collector system; S5: Based on the actual heat flow requirements and the currently available optical flow, a heat collection strategy and an external heat supply strategy for the heat collection system are adopted. Specifically, the heat collection strategy and the external heat supply strategy for the heat collection system are as follows: When the optical flow is greater than the heat flow, the heat collection strategy is executed; When the optical flow is less than the heat flow, an external heating strategy is implemented.

2. The method for design matching and dynamic control of a thermal collector-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for calculating the scale of a solar thermal collector-storage system and the power of the electric heating equipment are as follows: The scale of the solar collector-storage system and the power of the electric heating equipment are determined based on the region's sunshine duration, radiation intensity, seasonal variations, and user load demand from the solar energy fluctuation pattern database.

3. The method for design matching and dynamic control of a heat collection-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for S3 are as follows: Based on the target operating temperature of the solar collector-storage system, the planned total heat storage during operation, and the temperature changes during system operation, the actual heat flow requirements of the heat storage system are obtained through thermodynamic modeling and energy balance analysis.

4. The method for design matching and dynamic control of a heat collection-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of S4 are as follows: Based on real-time monitoring of solar radiation intensity, meteorological conditions, and the operating status of the solar collector system in the solar energy fluctuation database, combined with the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar collector system and the thermal energy demand of the thermal storage system, the actual heat flow demand is obtained.

5. The method for design matching and dynamic control of a heat collection-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat collection strategy includes one or more of the following: spatiotemporal two-dimensional focusing modeling of the mirror field, mirror field arrangement-spot adjustment strategy, or development of a focusing closed-loop control system.

6. The method for design matching and dynamic control of a heat collection-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that, External heat replenishment strategies include one or more of the following: dynamic balance modeling of light-electricity-heat, dynamic regulation of particle circulation and load, and coupling of thermal storage reactor and collector.

7. The method for design matching and dynamic control of a thermal collector-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for particle circulation and dynamic load adjustment are as follows: Obtain the current input solar energy, construct a total heat balance based on the current input solar energy, and heat the particles based on the total heat balance from the inlet temperature T0 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorption, thermochemical reaction heat absorption, and fluidizing gas are heated from the inlet temperature T1 to the decomposition temperature T. r The relationship between the current solar energy input and the mass flow rate of the calcium carbonate particles to be controlled is obtained from the heat absorption, and the mass flow rate of the calcium carbonate particles is adjusted based on the relationship.

8. The method for design matching and dynamic control of a heat collection-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy according to claim 7, characterized in that, The total heat balance is: ηQ in (t)=Q s +Q r +Q g Where η is the total heat collection efficiency from the optical flow to the reactor, and Q in (t) represents the current input solar energy, Q s The particles are heated from the inlet temperature T0 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed by Q; r Thermochemical reactions absorb heat; Q g The fluidizing gas is heated from the inlet temperature T1 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed.

9. A method for designing, matching, and dynamically controlling a thermal collector-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that... The particles are heated from the inlet temperature T0 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed is: M(t) represents the mass flow rate of calcium carbonate particles that needs to be controlled, c p0 This is the specific heat capacity of calcium carbonate; The heat absorbed by a thermochemical reaction is: M CaCO3 ΔH is the molar mass of calcium carbonate; ΔH is the enthalpy of reaction between CaCO3 and CaO / CO2. The fluidizing gas is heated from the inlet temperature T1 to the decomposition temperature T. r The heat absorbed is: Where, ρ CO 2 represents the density of carbon dioxide; A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the reactor; u g p is the carbon dioxide flow rate; p is the pressure inside the reactor; c is the pressure inside the reactor. p1 Let be the specific heat capacity of carbon dioxide. Here is the molar mass of carbon dioxide. Let be the temperature of carbon dioxide, and R be the ideal gas constant.

10. A method for designing, matching, and dynamically controlling a thermal collector-storage system based on a heat flow-optical flow matching strategy, as described in claim 9, is characterized in that... The relationship between the current input solar energy and the mass flow rate of the calcium carbonate particles to be controlled is as follows:

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