Regulation and control method for promoting branching efficiency of fruit trees

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree growth regulation and control, and relates to a regulation and control method for promoting fruit tree branching efficiency, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, root-limited cultivation, root system configuration and function optimization, nutrient storage and absorption capability of a whole tree, and laying of a material basis; step 2, accurate induction: when the physiological state of the root system is optimal, systematically regulating endogenous hormone balance and metabolism, and directionally activating lateral bud meristem; the method comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out first-stage induction, step 2, carrying out second-stage induction, step 3, inhibiting a signal flow by carving and physical blocking, guiding enriched nutrients to a target bud position, and forming a synergistic effect with chemical induction in the step 2, and step 4, carrying out spectrum consolidation, providing accurate optical signals and energy support in the most critical window period of differentiation and growth of new lateral buds, and maximizing an early-stage induction result. According to the method, a'root-bud-flow-light 'four-in-one regulation and control chain is constructed, the branching efficiency is remarkably improved, and a solid foundation is laid for constructing high-yield and high-quality tree crowns.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of fruit tree growth regulation, and relates to a regulation method for promoting branch efficiency of fruit trees. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing means for regulating fruit tree branching mainly rely on single or simple combination of physical and chemical means, and have the following systematic deficiencies and unstable effects:

[0003] 1) Poor target specificity of chemical regulation (growth regulators), obvious side effects, traditional naphthalene acetic acid, 6-BA and other regulators are often used in single or rough combination, which easily leads to overgrowth of branches, uneven germination of lateral buds (low transmission efficiency), and inhibition of root development by excessive use of auxin.

[0004] 2) Low absorption and transmission efficiency, lack of effective penetration and transmission system, it is difficult for the drug solution to penetrate the cuticle or be transported to the target bud site (such as the base of the lateral bud), resulting in large drug dosage, unstable effect, and significant influence of temperature, humidity, light and other environmental factors.

[0005] 3) The spraying time is mainly dependent on experience or simple phenological stage, and is not accurately combined with leaf physiological state (such as stomatal opening degree, temperature) and environmental light conditions (crown transmittance), which greatly affects the drug effect.

[0006] 4) Traditional root limiting cultivation mainly uses simple containers or mulching film, lacks systematic root zone design, and leads to easy entanglement of roots, and serious water and gas conflict in root area (such as root rot due to waterlogging or drought stress), and ordinary soil is difficult to accurately regulate the direction of nutrient enrichment, and cannot effectively guide the transfer of nutrients to the branching area.

[0007] 5) The depth, length and angle of artificial incision are difficult to accurately control, and too shallow cannot effectively block the flow of top dominance hormones (such as auxin), and too deep is easy to damage the xylem, hinder nutrient transportation and increase the risk of infection, and the traditional method lacks immediate and effective wound protection and healing measures, which increases the risk of disease and delays healing.

[0008] 6) Physical means are isolated, lack of chemical / biological synergistic effect, and physical operation (such as root limiting and incision) is not matched with targeted chemical or biological stimulation means (such as root activation, wound induction and lateral bud directional induction), which is difficult to maximize the branching potential of plants.

[0009] 7) Traditional light supplement often ignores the spectrum ratio (red light promotes elongation and blue light promotes robustness) and key role window period (such as bud differentiation key period), and lacks optimization of light intensity, duration and waveband selection for lateral branch induction, which is low in efficiency and high in energy consumption.

[0010] 8) The prior art multi-focus single link (such as only spraying, only wounding or only limiting roots), each step lacks precise design in time connection (such as when to induce after limiting roots, when to supplement light after wounding) and physiological effect synergy (root system reconstruction, hormone regulation, nutrient diversion, light signal induction), and cannot form superposition or multiplication effect. SUMMARY

[0011] To solve the above problems, the application provides a method for promoting the branching efficiency of fruit trees, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step one, prevent the cultivation tank in the planting hole before planting, plant the fruit trees in the cultivation tank, and fill the in-situ soil and the special substrate for promoting the branching of fruit trees in the cultivation tank, with a mass ratio of (6-8):(2-4), the total filling volume of the in-situ soil and the special substrate is 75-85% of the volume of the cultivation tank, after compaction, water is poured until the water content of the special substrate is 70-80%, after the planting is completed, root irrigation is performed with nutrient solution, the amount is 150-200 mL / plant, and root irrigation is performed 1-2 times every 4-5 days.

[0013] Preferably, the cultivation tank is made of polyethylene material, the side wall thickness is 1-1.5 cm, the volume is 230-250 L, the side wall is provided with air permeable holes, and the bottom is provided with water permeable holes.

[0014] Preferably, the special substrate comprises rotten straw, vermiculite, biochar, apatite and compound bacterial powder, with a mass ratio of (5-7):(1-3):(1-3):(0.02-0.04):(0.04-0.06). Most preferably, the compound bacterial powder comprises bacillus mucilaginosus powder and trichoderma harzianum powder, with a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0015] Preferably, the nutrient solution comprises 0.25-0.45 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.03-0.08 mg / L of brassinolide and 35-50 mg / L of surfactant based on water. Most preferably, the nutrient solution for root irrigation of 1-year-old trees comprises 0.25-0.3 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.03-0.04 mg / L of brassinolide and 35-40 mg / L of surfactant; the nutrient solution for root irrigation of 2-3-year-old trees comprises 0.35-0.4 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.05-0.06 mg / L of brassinolide and 40-45 mg / L of surfactant; the nutrient solution for root irrigation of ≥4-year-old trees comprises 0.4-0.45 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.07-0.08 mg / L of brassinolide and 45-50 mg / L of surfactant. Most preferably, the surfactant is polyaspartic acid sodium.

[0016] Step 2: When the following conditions are met simultaneously, spray the compound inducer at a dosage of 80-100 mL / plant. Apply a second spray 7-9 days after the first spray, with a concentration of 65-75% of the first spray. The conditions are as follows: leaf temperature ≥13℃, stomatal opening index >0.65, and canopy light transmittance ≥40%.

[0017] Preferably, the composite inducer, based on water, comprises 15-25 mg / L of glycyrrhizic acid (purity ≥98%), 100-200 mg / L of a penetration enhancer, 4-6 g / L of a metabolism enhancer, and 40-60 ppm of a conduction enhancer.

[0018] More preferably, the penetration enhancer is sodium lignosulfonate, the metabolism enhancer is glutamic acid, and the conductivity enhancer is nano-silica sol (SiO2 content ≥25%).

[0019] Among them, glycyrrhizic acid replaces traditional naphthaleneacetic acid, mimics auxin signaling to induce ARF7 gene expression and promotes lateral bud cell division, glutamate enhances metabolic activity, nano-silica sol increases drug loading and the longitudinal translocation efficiency of the drug in the xylem, and sodium lignosulfonate promotes drug penetration through the cuticle.

[0020] Step 3: Make 1-2 sets of parallel cuts 8-12cm above the base of the main stem, with a depth of 0.8-1.2mm, a length of 2.5-3.5cm, and a spacing of 1-2mm. This micro-injury blocks the flow of apical dominant hormones and guides nutrients to flow laterally to the buds above the cuts. Apply plant wound healing paste within 1.5-2 hours after making the cuts to form an oxygen-permeable and waterproof film.

[0021] Preferably, the direction of the notch is at an angle of 55-65° to the main branch, the notch length is 2.5-3cm for trees with a diameter ≤3cm, and 3-3.5cm for trees with a diameter >3cm.

[0022] Preferably, the wound healing ointment comprises, based on water, 4-6 g / L chitosan, 100-150 mg / L salicylic acid, 15-20 mg / L spermidine, and 8-9 g / L glycerin.

[0023] Step 4: 20-25 days after the wound is made, use LED to irradiate the lateral branch area for supplemental lighting from 15:00 to 17:00 every day (red light 660nm: blue light 450nm = 7:3), with a light intensity of 8000-10000 lux, for 9-11 days.

[0024] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] (1) The cultivation trough strictly restricts the horizontal expansion of the root system, forcing the fruit tree to prioritize the supply of nutrients to the branching area, avoiding the consumption of redundant nutrients by deep roots. The substrate and in-situ soil fill 75-85%, reserving space for root growth, preventing local hypoxia caused by root entrapment (a common problem in traditional root restriction), ensuring healthy root development, and the design of air / water permeable holes to regulate the water and air balance in the root zone in real time, eliminating the risk of water accumulation and root rot.

[0026] (2) The special substrate for promoting branching in this invention (decomposed straw for water retention and aeration, vermiculite and biochar for improved structure, apatite for slow-release phosphorus, and compound bacterial powder for growth promotion and disease prevention) creates an optimal microenvironment for the root system and prevents stress-induced decline. Targeted application of nutrient solution (seaweed extract provides active substances and minerals, brassinolide provides strong stress resistance and root promotion, and sodium polyaspartate provides efficient penetration) based on tree age promotes root growth and provides a strong nutrient absorption foundation for subsequent branching.

[0027] (3) Glycyrrhizic acid mimics the auxin signal to specifically induce ARF7 gene expression and promote lateral bud cell division (replacing traditional naphthaleneacetic acid, which is safer and more efficient). Glutamic acid acts as a metabolic enhancer to improve metabolic levels. Nano-silica sol acts as a conduction enhancer to significantly improve drug loading and longitudinal conduction efficiency in the xylem, ensuring that the drug reaches the target site. Sodium lignin sulfonate acts as a penetration aid to promote the penetration of the drug solution into the leaf cuticle. This achieves precise synergy of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple functions (inhibition, induction, metabolism, conduction, and penetration), far exceeding traditional single or binary regulators. Moreover, the timing of spraying is precisely controlled, strictly limited to when the leaf surface temperature is ≥13℃ (to ensure metabolic activity), the stomatal opening index is >0.65 (to ensure efficient absorption of the drug solution), and the canopy transmittance is ≥40% (to ensure sufficient photosynthetic products to support branching). A strategy of first high concentration + second low concentration for enhancement is adopted to maximize the absorption and utilization efficiency of the drug and avoid waste or failure caused by unsuitable environment.

[0028] (4) This invention involves making incisions at key locations at the base of the trunk, with the depth strictly controlled between 0.8-1.2 mm (only damaging the phloem, not the xylem). The length and angle are optimized according to the tree diameter. This micro-wound effectively blocks the downward flow of auxin, eliminates apical dominance, and guides nutrients / hormones to the target bud above the incision, stimulating germination. The precise control of depth and range avoids the blindness and risks of traditional bud notching. Furthermore, after the incision is made, a special wound healing ointment is applied (chitosan forms a film for antibacterial action, salicylic acid induces disease resistance, spermidine promotes cell division and healing, and glycerin moisturizes). This ointment quickly forms an oxygen-permeable and waterproof protective film, effectively isolating pathogens from infection, preventing excessive moisture loss, and actively promoting callus formation, significantly reducing the risk of infection, accelerating wound healing, and ensuring the safety of the incision operation and the sustainability of the induction effect.

[0029] (5) After the incision, provide LED supplemental lighting of a specific spectrum to the lateral branch area from 15:00 to 17:00 every day (avoiding strong midday light and utilizing the relatively efficient photosynthetic period in the afternoon). A high proportion of red light effectively promotes the elongation of lateral buds and the formation of photomorphology, while an appropriate amount of blue light ensures the robustness of the branches. The light intensity of 8000-10000 lux is maintained for 9-11 days to provide sufficient and suitable energy signals for the germination and early growth of lateral buds, consolidate the early induction effect, and promote the robustness of new branches.

[0030] (6) Step one of this invention first optimizes the root system architecture and function, laying the material foundation for the entire tree (especially the branching zone) to store nutrients and enhance absorption capacity. Step two (precise induction) involves systematically regulating the balance and metabolism of endogenous hormones after the root system recovers and when the physiological state is optimal, and directionally activating the meristematic tissue of lateral buds. Step three (insertion blockage) physically blocks and inhibits signal flow (apical dominance), while simultaneously guiding the enrichment of nutrients to the target bud position, forming a synergistic effect with the chemical induction in step two. Step four (spectral consolidation) provides precise light signals and energy support during the most critical window period for the differentiation and growth of new lateral buds, maximizing the results of the previous induction. The above steps construct a four-in-one regulatory chain of "root-bud-flow-light", realizing a deep synergy of root function enhancement, precise regulation of endogenous hormones, directional nutrient diversion, and efficient utilization of light energy, producing a systematic multiplication effect, thereby significantly improving branching efficiency (number, uniformity, and robustness), and laying a solid foundation for building a high-yield and high-quality canopy. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The raw material preparation for the following examples and test cases is as follows:

[0033] Bacillus mucilaginosus powder was purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Trichoderma harzianum powder was purchased from Jinan Qinghai Chemical Co., Ltd. Seaweed extract was purchased from Hebei Tuohai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0034] The cultivation trough is made of polyethylene material, with a side wall thickness of 1.3cm and a volume of 240L. It has air vents on the side walls and water vents at the bottom.

[0035] Specialized substrate: decomposed straw, vermiculite, biochar, apatite and compound microbial powder (Bacillus mucilaginosus powder and Trichoderma harzianum powder, mass ratio 3:1), with a mass ratio of 6:2:2:0.03:0.05.

[0036] Composite inducers: 20 mg / L glycyrrhizic acid (purity ≥98%), 150 mg / L sodium lignosulfonate, 5 g / L glutamic acid and 50 ppm nano silica sol (SiO2 content ≥25%).

[0037] Plant-based wound healing ointment: 5g / L chitosan, 125mg / L salicylic acid, 18mg / L spermidine and 8.5g / L glycerin.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Step 1: Before planting, prepare a cultivation trough in the planting hole, plant the fruit tree in the cultivation trough, and fill the cultivation trough with the original soil and special substrate to promote fruit tree branching, with a mass ratio of 7:3. The total volume of the original soil and special substrate should be 80% of the volume of the cultivation trough. After compaction, water until the moisture content of the special substrate is 75%. After planting, spray nutrient solution at a rate of 175 mL / tree, twice every 5 days.

[0040] The root irrigation concentrations are as follows:

[0041] 1-year-old trees: 0.28 g / L seaweed extract, 0.035 mg / L brassinolide, and 36 mg / L sodium polyaspartate; 2-3-year-old trees: 0.36 g / L seaweed extract, 0.052 mg / L brassinolide, and 42 mg / L sodium polyaspartate; ≥4-year-old trees: 0.44 g / L seaweed extract, 0.075 mg / L brassinolide, and 47 mg / L sodium polyaspartate.

[0042] Step 2: When the following conditions are met simultaneously, spray the compound inducer at a dosage of 90 mL / plant. Apply a second spray 7 days after the first spray, with a concentration of 70% of the first spray. The conditions are as follows: leaf temperature ≥13℃, stomatal opening index >0.65, and canopy transmittance ≥40%.

[0043] Step 3: Make a cut 10cm above the base of the trunk. For trees with a diameter of ≤3cm, the cut length should be 2.5cm. For trees with a diameter of >3cm, the cut length should be 3.5cm. The cut depth should be 1.0mm. The distance between the two sets of parallel cuts should be 1.5mm. Apply plant healing ointment within 2 hours after making the cut.

[0044] Step 4: 23 days after the wound is made, use LED to irradiate the lateral branch area for supplemental lighting from 15:00 to 17:00 every day (red light 660nm: blue light 450nm = 7:3), with a light intensity of 10000 lux, for 10 consecutive days.

[0045] Experimental Example 1

[0046] Test materials

[0047] Tree species: Gala / M9-T337.

[0048] Location: Lishan Apple Experimental Demonstration Base, Institute of Fruit Trees, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0049] Soil conditions: pH 6.80, soil organic matter content 12.68 g / kg, available nitrogen content 74.19 mg / kg, available phosphorus content 68.40 mg / kg, available potassium content 157.45 mg / kg.

[0050] Group design: Experimental group: The branching of fruit trees was regulated according to the method in Example 1, and the other routine field management methods were referred to in "Fruit Tree Cultivation (Fruit Tree Volume)" published by Science Press in 2024.

[0051] Control group: Branching regulation of fruit trees was carried out in accordance with "Fruit Tree Cultivation (Fruit Tree Volume)" and other routine field management methods were also referred to "Fruit Tree Cultivation (Fruit Tree Volume)".

[0052] Blank group: Refer to "Fruit Tree Cultivation (Fruit Tree Volume)" and only carry out routine water and fertilizer management, without branching control.

[0053] Table 1 Comparison of key indicators for branching induction (60 days after treatment)

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Note: Data are mean ± standard deviation; different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0057] Table 2 Comparison of Yield and Quality (Harvest Period)

[0058] Index Experimental group Control group Blank group Yield of single plant (kg) 32.5±1.8a 24.1±1.5b 20.3±1.2c Rate of high quality fruit (>80mm) (%) 85.6±3.2a 62.3±4.1b 53.7±3.8c Soluble solids (%) 15.8±0.4a 13.2±0.3b 12.7±0.3b

[0059] Note: Data are mean ± standard deviation; different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0060] As shown in Tables 1-2, the lateral bud germination rate of the experimental group was 34.7% higher than that of the control group, and the branch uniformity (CV = 8.2%) was significantly better than that of the traditional method (CV > 15%). This invention increases the number of new roots by 75.3% through the four-step synergy of "root restriction-induction-incision-supplementary lighting", which solves the side effects of traditional chemical regulation. The yield per tree in the experimental group increased by 34.9%, and the rate of high-quality fruit increased by 37.3%, proving that this method provides effective technical support for building high-yield and high-quality tree canopies.

[0061] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Before planting, place a cultivation trough in the planting hole, plant the fruit tree in the cultivation trough, and fill the cultivation trough with the original field soil and the special substrate for promoting fruit tree branching, with a mass ratio of (6-8):(2-4). The total volume of the original field soil and the special substrate should be 75-85% of the volume of the cultivation trough. After compaction, water until the moisture content of the special substrate is 70-80%. After planting, irrigate the roots with nutrient solution, using 150-200mL / tree, irrigating the roots 1-2 times every 4-5 days. Step 2: When the following conditions are met simultaneously, spray the compound inducer at a dosage of 80-100 mL / plant. A second spray should be carried out 7-9 days after the first spray, with a concentration of 65-75% of the first spray. The conditions are as follows: leaf temperature ≥13℃, stomatal opening index >0.65, and canopy light transmittance ≥40%. Step 3: Make incisions 8-12cm above the base of the main stem. Make 1-2 sets of parallel incisions with a depth of 0.8-1.2mm, a length of 2.5-3.5cm, and a spacing of 1-2mm. Apply plant-based wound healing ointment within 1.5-2 hours after incision. Step 4: 20-25 days after the wound is made, use LEDs to irradiate the lateral branch area daily for supplemental lighting, with a light intensity of 8000-10000 lux, for 9-11 days.

2. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The special substrate mentioned in step one includes decomposed straw, vermiculite, biochar, apatite and compound bacterial powder, with a mass ratio of (5-7):(1-3):(1-3):(0.02-0.04):(0.04-0.06).

3. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compound bacterial powder includes Bacillus mucilaginosus powder and Trichoderma harzianum powder in a mass ratio of 3:

1.

4. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutrient solution described in step one, based on water, includes 0.25-0.45 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.03-0.08 mg / L of brassinolide, and 35-50 mg / L of surfactant.

5. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 4, characterized in that, The nutrient solution for root irrigation of 1-year-old trees includes 0.25-0.3 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.03-0.04 mg / L of brassinolide, and 35-40 mg / L of surfactant; the nutrient solution for root irrigation of 2-3-year-old trees includes 0.35-0.4 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.05-0.06 mg / L of brassinolide, and 40-45 mg / L of surfactant; the nutrient solution for root irrigation of trees ≥4 years old includes 0.4-0.45 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.07-0.08 mg / L of brassinolide, and 45-50 mg / L of surfactant.

6. A method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The surfactant is sodium polyaspartate.

7. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite inducer mentioned in step two, based on water, includes 15-25 mg / L of glycyrrhizic acid, 100-200 mg / L of a penetration enhancer, 4-6 g / L of a metabolism enhancer, and 40-60 ppm of a conduction enhancer.

8. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 7, characterized in that, The penetration enhancer is sodium lignosulfonate, the metabolism enhancer is glutamic acid, and the conductivity enhancer is nano-silica sol.

9. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the direction of the notch should be at an angle of 55-65° to the main branch. When the tree diameter is ≤3cm, the notch length should be 2.5-3cm, and when the tree diameter is >3cm, the notch length should be 3-3.5cm.

10. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wound healing ointment described in step three contains 4-6 g / L chitosan, 100-150 mg / L salicylic acid, 15-20 mg / L spermidine, and 8-9 g / L glycerin, all based on water.

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