A method for promoting the efficiency of fruit tree branching

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of fruit tree growth regulation, and relates to a regulation method for promoting branch efficiency of fruit trees, and specifically comprises the following steps: step one, limited root cultivation, optimization of root system configuration and function, laying the material foundation for the whole tree nutrient storage and absorption capacity; step two, precise induction, systematic regulation of endogenous hormone balance and metabolism when the root system is in the best physiological state, and directional activation of lateral bud meristem; step three, incision blockage, physical blockage to inhibit signal flow, and at the same time, guiding the enrichment of nutrients to the target bud site, forming a synergistic effect with the chemical induction of step two; step four, spectrum consolidation, providing precise light signals and energy support during the most critical window period of the differentiation and growth of the new lateral bud, maximizing the results of the previous induction. The present application constructs a four-in-one regulation chain of "root-bud-flow-light", significantly improves the branch efficiency, and lays a solid foundation for building a high-yield and high-quality tree crown.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of fruit tree growth regulation, and relates to a regulation method for promoting branch efficiency of fruit trees. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing means for regulating fruit tree branching mainly rely on single or simple combination of physical and chemical means, and have the following systematic deficiencies and unstable effects:

[0003] 1) Poor target specificity of chemical regulation (growth regulators), obvious side effects, traditional naphthalene acetic acid, 6-BA and other regulators are often used in single or rough combination, which easily leads to overgrowth of branches, uneven germination of lateral buds (low transmission efficiency), and inhibition of root development by excessive use of auxin.

[0004] 2) Low absorption and transmission efficiency, lack of effective penetration and transmission system, it is difficult for the drug solution to penetrate the cuticle or be transported to the target bud site (such as the base of the lateral bud), resulting in large drug dosage, unstable effect, and significant influence of temperature, humidity, light and other environmental factors.

[0005] 3) The spraying time is mainly dependent on experience or simple phenological stage, and is not accurately combined with leaf physiological state (such as stomatal opening degree, temperature) and environmental light conditions (crown transmittance), which greatly affects the drug effect.

[0006] 4) Traditional root limiting cultivation mainly uses simple containers or mulching film, lacks systematic root zone design, and leads to easy entanglement of roots, and serious water and gas conflict in root area (such as root rot due to waterlogging or drought stress), and ordinary soil is difficult to accurately regulate the direction of nutrient enrichment, and cannot effectively guide the transfer of nutrients to the branching area.

[0007] 5) The depth, length and angle of artificial incision are difficult to accurately control, and too shallow cannot effectively block the flow of top dominance hormones (such as auxin), and too deep is easy to damage the xylem, hinder nutrient transportation and increase the risk of infection, and the traditional method lacks immediate and effective wound protection and healing measures, which increases the risk of disease and delays healing.

[0008] 6) Physical means are isolated, lack of chemical / biological synergistic effect, and physical operation (such as root limiting and incision) is not matched with targeted chemical or biological stimulation means (such as root activation, wound induction and lateral bud directional induction), which is difficult to maximize the branching potential of plants.

[0009] 7) Traditional light supplement often ignores the spectrum ratio (red light promotes elongation and blue light promotes robustness) and key role window period (such as bud differentiation key period), and lacks optimization of light intensity, duration and waveband selection for lateral branch induction, which is low in efficiency and high in energy consumption.

[0010] 8) The prior art multi-focus single link (such as only spraying, only wounding or only limiting roots), each step lacks precise design in time connection (such as when to induce after limiting roots, when to supplement light after wounding) and physiological effect synergy (root system reconstruction, hormone regulation, nutrient diversion, light signal induction), and cannot form superposition or multiplication effect. SUMMARY

[0011] To solve the above problems, the application provides a method for promoting the branching efficiency of fruit trees, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step one, prevent the cultivation tank in the planting hole before planting, plant the fruit trees in the cultivation tank, and fill the in-situ soil and the special substrate for promoting the branching of fruit trees in the cultivation tank, with a mass ratio of (6-8):(2-4), the total filling volume of the in-situ soil and the special substrate is 75-85% of the volume of the cultivation tank, after compaction, water is poured until the water content of the special substrate is 70-80%, after the planting is completed, root irrigation is performed with nutrient solution, the amount is 150-200 mL / plant, and root irrigation is performed 1-2 times every 4-5 days.

[0013] Preferably, the cultivation tank is made of polyethylene material, the side wall thickness is 1-1.5 cm, the volume is 230-250 L, the side wall is provided with air permeable holes, and the bottom is provided with water permeable holes.

[0014] Preferably, the special substrate comprises rotten straw, vermiculite, biochar, apatite and compound bacterial powder, with a mass ratio of (5-7):(1-3):(1-3):(0.02-0.04):(0.04-0.06). Most preferably, the compound bacterial powder comprises bacillus mucilaginosus powder and trichoderma harzianum powder, with a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0015] Preferably, the nutrient solution comprises 0.25-0.45 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.03-0.08 mg / L of brassinolide and 35-50 mg / L of surfactant based on water. Most preferably, the nutrient solution for root irrigation of 1-year-old trees comprises 0.25-0.3 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.03-0.04 mg / L of brassinolide and 35-40 mg / L of surfactant; the nutrient solution for root irrigation of 2-3-year-old trees comprises 0.35-0.4 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.05-0.06 mg / L of brassinolide and 40-45 mg / L of surfactant; the nutrient solution for root irrigation of ≥4-year-old trees comprises 0.4-0.45 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.07-0.08 mg / L of brassinolide and 45-50 mg / L of surfactant. Most preferably, the surfactant is polyaspartic acid sodium.

[0016] Step two, when the following conditions are met at the same time, spray the composite inducer, the dosage is 80-100 mL / plant, the second spraying is carried out 7-9 days after the first spraying, and the concentration is 65-75% of the first spraying, and the conditions are as follows: leaf surface temperature is greater than or equal to 13 DEG C, stomatal opening index is greater than 0.65, and crown transmittance is greater than or equal to 40%.

[0017] Preferably, the composite inducer comprises 15-25 mg / L glycyrrhizic acid (purity is greater than or equal to 98%), 100-200 mg / L osmosis agent, 4-6 g / L metabolism enhancer and 40-60 ppm conduction enhancer based on water.

[0018] More preferably, the osmosis agent is sodium lignosulfonate, the metabolism enhancer is glutamic acid, and the conduction enhancer is nano silicon sol (SiO2 content is greater than or equal to 25%).

[0019] Among them, glycyrrhizic acid replaces traditional naphthalene acetic acid, simulates auxin signal to induce ARF7 gene expression, promotes lateral bud cell division, glutamic acid enhances metabolic activity, nano silicon sol improves drug loading and longitudinal conduction efficiency of the drug in the xylem, and sodium lignosulfonate promotes the penetration of the drug through the cuticle.

[0020] Step three, at 8-12 cm above the base of the main stem, implement the incision, the incision depth is 0.8-1.2 mm, the length is 2.5-3.5 cm, the parallel incisions are 1-2 groups with a spacing of 1-2 mm, the top end advantage hormone flow is blocked through micro-wound, and the nutrients are guided to be shunted laterally to the bud above the incision. The plant wound paste is applied within 1.5-2 hours after the incision, and an oxygen-permeable waterproof film is formed.

[0021] Preferably, the incision direction forms an angle of 55-65 DEG with the main branch, the tree diameter is less than or equal to 3 cm, the incision length is 2.5-3 cm, and the tree diameter is greater than 3 cm, and the incision length is 3-3.5 cm.

[0022] Preferably, the wound paste comprises 4-6 g / L chitosan, 100-150 mg / L salicylic acid, 15-20 mg / L spermidine and 8-9 g / L glycerol based on water.

[0023] Step four, after 20-25 days after the incision, the side branch area is irradiated with LED for light supplement (red light 660 nm: blue light 450 nm = 7:3) at 15:00-17:00 every day, the light intensity is 8000-10000 lux, and the duration is 9-11 days.

[0024] The present application has the following advantages:

[0025] (1) Cultivation tank strictly limits the horizontal expansion of root system, forcing the fruit tree to supply nutrients to the branch area first, avoiding deep root consumption of redundant nutrients, 75-85% of the substrate filling and in-situ soil filling, reserving space for root growth, preventing local hypoxia caused by root entanglement (traditional root limiting common problems), ensuring healthy development of root system, air / water permeable hole design, real-time adjustment of root zone water and gas balance, eliminating the risk of root rot caused by water accumulation.

[0026] (2) The special matrix (decomposed straw water retention and air permeability, vermiculite and biochar structure improvement, apatite slow-release phosphorus, and compound bacteria powder promoting growth and preventing disease) for promoting branching of the present application creates the best microenvironment for the root system and prevents stress decline. According to the tree age, targeted spraying of nutrient solution (algae extract provides active substances and minerals, brassinosteroids enhance stress resistance and promote root growth, and polyaspartic acid sodium efficiently assists penetration) promotes root growth and provides a strong nutrient absorption foundation for subsequent branching.

[0027] (3) Glycyrrhizin simulates auxin signal to specifically induce ARF7 gene expression, promoting lateral bud cell division (replacing traditional naphthaleneacetic acid, safer and more efficient), glutamic acid as a metabolic enhancer to improve metabolic level, and nano-silica sol as a conduction enhancer to significantly improve the drug load and longitudinal conduction efficiency in xylem, ensuring that the drug reaches the target site, and sodium lignosulfonate as a penetration enhancer to promote the penetration of the drug solution through the cuticle of the leaves, achieving precise coordination of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-function (inhibition, induction, metabolism, conduction, and penetration), far exceeding traditional single or binary regulators. The spraying timing is precisely controlled, strictly limited to spraying when the leaf surface temperature is ≥13°C (to ensure metabolic activity), the stomatal opening index is >0.65 (to ensure efficient absorption of the drug solution), and the canopy light transmittance is ≥40% (to ensure sufficient photosynthetic products to support branching), and the strategy of first high concentration and then low concentration is adopted to maximize the absorption and utilization efficiency of the drug effect, avoiding waste or failure caused by environmental unsuitability.

[0028] (4) The present application implements incision at the key position of the base of the main stem, with a depth strictly controlled at 0.8-1.2mm (only damaging the phloem, not damaging the xylem), and the length and angle are optimized according to the tree diameter. This micro-wound can effectively block the downward transport of auxin flow, relieve apical dominance, and guide the lateral diversion of nutrients / hormones to the target bud site above the incision, stimulating germination. The precise control of depth and range avoids the blindness and risks of traditional incision. After incision, a special wound paste (chitosan film-forming antibacterial, salicylic acid disease-resistant induction resistance, spermidine promoting cell division and healing, glycerol moisturizing) is applied, which quickly forms a transparent waterproof protective film, effectively isolates pathogen infection, prevents excessive water loss, and actively promotes the formation of wound tissue, significantly reducing the risk of infection, accelerating wound healing, and ensuring the safety of the incision operation and the sustainability of the induction effect.

[0029] (5) After wounding, the side branch area is supplemented with LED light of specific spectrum from 15:00 to 17:00 every day (avoiding strong light in the middle of the day and using the relatively high-efficiency photosynthetic period in the afternoon), high-proportion red light effectively promotes the elongation of lateral buds and photomorphogenesis, and appropriate blue light ensures the robustness of the branches, 8000-10000 lux light intensity lasts for 9-11 days, which provides sufficient and spectrum-suitable energy signals for the germination and early growth of lateral buds, consolidates the previous induction effect, and promotes the robustness of new branches.

[0030] (6) The step one of the present application first optimizes the root system configuration and function to reserve nutrients and absorption capacity for the whole tree (especially the branch area), lays a material foundation, the step two (precise induction) is carried out when the root system is restored and the physiological state is best, the endogenous hormone balance and metabolism are systematically regulated, the lateral bud meristem is activated, the step three (wounding interruption) physically interrupts the signal flow (apical dominance) and guides the enrichment of nutrients to the target bud site, and the step two forms a synergistic effect with the chemical induction, the step four (spectrum consolidation) provides precise light signals and energy support in the most critical window period of the differentiation and growth of new lateral buds, and maximizes the previous induction results. The above steps construct a four-in-one regulation chain of "root-bud-flow-light", realize the deep synergy of root system function enhancement, precise regulation of endogenous hormones, directional diversion of nutrients, and efficient use of light energy, and produce a systematic multiplication effect, thereby significantly improving the branch efficiency (quantity, uniformity, and robustness) and laying a solid foundation for building a high-yield and high-quality tree crown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0032] The raw material preparation of the following embodiments and test examples is as follows:

[0033] The bacillus mucilaginosus powder is purchased from Shandong Yihao Biological Technology Co., Ltd. The trichoderma harzianum powder is purchased from Jinan Qinghai Chemical Co., Ltd. The seaweed extract is purchased from Hebei Taohei Biological Technology Co., Ltd.

[0034] The cultivation tank is made of polyethylene material, the side wall thickness is 1.3 cm, the volume is 240 L, the side wall is provided with air holes, and the bottom is provided with water holes.

[0035] The special substrate: rotten straw, vermiculite, biochar, apatite and compound bacteria powder (bacillus mucilaginosus powder and trichoderma harzianum powder, mass ratio 3:1), mass ratio 6:2:2:0.03:0.05.

[0036] Compound inducer: 20 mg / L glycyrrhizic acid (purity ≥ 98%), 150 mg / L sodium lignosulfonate, 5 g / L glutamic acid and 50 ppm nano-silica sol (SiO2 content ≥ 25%).

[0037] Plant wound healing paste: 5 g / L chitosan, 125 mg / L salicylic acid, 18 mg / L spermidine and 8.5 g / L glycerol.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Step one, prevent the cultivation tank in the planting hole before planting, plant the fruit trees in the cultivation tank, and fill the in-situ soil and the special matrix for promoting the branching of the fruit trees in the cultivation tank, the mass ratio is 7:3, the total filling volume of the in-situ soil and the special matrix is 80% of the volume of the cultivation tank, and the special matrix is watered to 75% after compaction; after planting is completed, spray the nutrient solution, the dosage is 175 mL / plant, and spraying is performed twice every 5 days.

[0040] The concentration of root irrigation is as follows:

[0041] 1-year-old tree age: 0.28 g / L seaweed extract, 0.035 mg / L brassinolide and 36 mg / L polyaspartic acid sodium; 2-3-year-old tree age: 0.36 g / L seaweed extract, 0.052 mg / L brassinolide and 42 mg / L polyaspartic acid sodium; ≥4-year-old tree age: 0.44 g / L seaweed extract, 0.075 mg / L brassinolide and 47 mg / L polyaspartic acid sodium.

[0042] Step two, when the following conditions are met at the same time, spray the compound inducer, the dosage is 90 mL / plant, the second spraying is performed 7 days after the first spraying, the concentration is 70% of the first spraying, and the conditions are as follows: leaf surface temperature ≥ 13℃, stomatal opening index > 0.65, and canopy light transmittance ≥ 40%.

[0043] Step three, implement incision above 10 cm at the base of the main stem, the length of the incision is 2.5 cm when the tree diameter is ≤ 3 cm, the length of the incision is 3.5 cm when the tree diameter is > 3 cm, the incision depth is 1.0 mm, the distance between the two parallel incisions is 1.5 mm, and the plant wound healing paste is applied within 2 hours after the incision.

[0044] Step four, 23 days after the incision, the side branch area is irradiated with LED for light supplement (red light 660 nm: blue light 450 nm = 7:3) from 15:00 to 17:00 every day, the light intensity is 10000 lux, and the light supplement lasts for 10 days.

[0045] Test example 1

[0046] Test material

[0047] Tree species: Gala / M9-T337.

[0048] Site: Lashan apple experimental demonstration base of Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0049] Soil conditions: pH value 6.80, soil organic matter content 12.68 g / kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 74.19 mg / kg, available phosphorus content 68.40 mg / kg, and available potassium content 157.45 mg / kg.

[0050] Grouped design: Experimental group: according to the method of example 1, the branches of the fruit trees were regulated, and the remaining field routine management method was referred to Fruit Tree Cultivation Science (Fruit Tree Branch) 2024, Science Press.

[0051] Control group: according to Fruit Tree Cultivation Science (Fruit Tree Branch), the branches of the fruit trees were regulated, and the remaining field routine management method was also referred to Fruit Tree Cultivation Science (Fruit Tree Branch).

[0052] Blank group: according to Fruit Tree Cultivation Science (Fruit Tree Branch), only routine water and fertilizer management was performed, and no branch regulation was performed.

[0053] Table 1 Comparison of key indicators of branch induction (60 days after treatment)

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Note: The data are mean ± standard deviation; different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0057] Table 2 Yield and quality comparison (harvesting period)

[0058] Index Experimental group Control group Blank group Yield of single plant (kg) 32.5±1.8a 24.1±1.5b 20.3±1.2c Rate of high quality fruit (>80mm) (%) 85.6±3.2a 62.3±4.1b 53.7±3.8c Soluble solids (%) 15.8±0.4a 13.2±0.3b 12.7±0.3b

[0059] Note: The data are mean ± standard deviation; different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0060] As shown in Tables 1-2, the lateral bud germination rate of the experimental group was increased by 34.7% compared with the control group, and the branch uniformity (CV=8.2%) was significantly better than that of the traditional method (CV>15%). The present application increases the number of new roots by 75.3% through the four-step cooperation of "root limiting-induction-wounding-light supplement", solves the side effects of traditional chemical regulation, and increases the yield of single plant by 34.9% and the high-quality fruit rate by 37.3%, which proves that the method provides effective technical support for constructing high-yield and high-quality tree crown.

[0061] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to make or use the application. Modifications of these embodiments will occur to persons of skill in the art, and that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications that do not depart from the true spirit and scope of the application. Therefore, the application is not limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Before planting, place a cultivation trough in the planting hole, plant the fruit tree in the cultivation trough, and fill the cultivation trough with the original field soil and the special substrate for promoting fruit tree branching, with a mass ratio of (6-8):(2-4). The total volume of the original field soil and the special substrate should be 75-85% of the volume of the cultivation trough. After compaction, water until the moisture content of the special substrate is 70-80%. After planting, irrigate the roots with nutrient solution, using 150-200mL / tree, irrigating the roots 1-2 times every 4-5 days. Step 2: When the following conditions are met simultaneously, spray the compound inducer at a dosage of 80-100 mL / plant. A second spray should be applied 7-9 days after the first spray, with a concentration of 65-75% of the first spray. The conditions are as follows: leaf temperature ≥13℃, stomatal opening index >0.65, and canopy transmittance ≥40%. Step 3: Make incisions 8-12cm above the base of the main stem. Make 1-2 sets of parallel incisions with a depth of 0.8-1.2mm, a length of 2.5-3.5cm, and a spacing of 1-2mm. Apply plant-based wound healing ointment within 1.5-2 hours after incision. Step 4: 20-25 days after the wound is made, use LED to irradiate the lateral branch area daily for supplemental lighting, with a light intensity of 8000-10000 lux, for 9-11 days. The special substrate mentioned in step one includes decomposed straw, vermiculite, biochar, apatite, and compound microbial powder in a mass ratio of (5-7):(1-3):(1-3):(0.02-0.04):(0.04-0.06). The nutrient solution described in step one, based on water, includes 0.25-0.45 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.03-0.08 mg / L of brassinolide, and 35-50 mg / L of surfactant. The composite inducer mentioned in step two, based on water, includes 15-25 mg / L of glycyrrhizic acid, 100-200 mg / L of a penetration enhancer, 4-6 g / L of a metabolism enhancer, and 40-60 ppm of a conduction enhancer. The penetration enhancer is sodium lignosulfonate, the metabolism enhancer is glutamic acid, and the conduction enhancer is nano-silica sol. The wound healing ointment described in step three contains 4-6 g / L chitosan, 100-150 mg / L salicylic acid, 15-20 mg / L spermidine, and 8-9 g / L glycerin, all based on water.

2. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound bacterial powder includes Bacillus mucilaginosus powder and Trichoderma harzianum powder in a mass ratio of 3:

1.

3. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutrient solution for root irrigation of 1-year-old trees includes 0.25-0.3 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.03-0.04 mg / L of brassinolide, and 35-40 mg / L of surfactant; the nutrient solution for root irrigation of 2-3-year-old trees includes 0.35-0.4 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.05-0.06 mg / L of brassinolide, and 40-45 mg / L of surfactant; the nutrient solution for root irrigation of trees ≥4 years old includes 0.4-0.45 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.07-0.08 mg / L of brassinolide, and 45-50 mg / L of surfactant.

4. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfactant is sodium polyaspartate.

5. The method for regulating the branching efficiency of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the direction of the notch should be at an angle of 55-65° to the main branch. When the tree diameter is ≤3cm, the notch length should be 2.5-3cm, and when the tree diameter is >3cm, the notch length should be 3-3.5cm.

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