Automobile lightweight aluminum part connecting process and equipment based on laser welding

Abstract

The invention discloses an automobile light-weight aluminum part connecting process and equipment based on laser welding, and relates to the technical field of automobile aluminum part laser welding, the equipment is based on a base body, a man-machine interaction control screen is arranged at the front end of the base body, and a driving motor and a threaded rod are arranged on the side wall of the base body; a lateral protection metal plate is fixed to the top end of the tool, a parameter adjusting plate is arranged on one side of the tool, a rotary station driving motor and a self-adaptive clamping tool are fixed to the parameter adjusting plate, an anti-scratching gasket is arranged on the inner wall of the tool in the circumferential direction, and the outer side of the tool is connected with a feeding air cylinder through a linkage lug base. The air cylinder is connected with a pressure controllable extrusion table through a first linkage lug base and a force transmission bending arm. A main bearing support is further welded to a base body, a laser welding head is installed on the main bearing support through a jacking air cylinder, a linear push rod and a fine adjustment lifting table, adjustment stability is guaranteed in cooperation with a guide structure, aluminum parts are prevented from being damaged through flexible clamping, precision is improved through multi-dimensional adjustment, and the precision welding requirement is met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser welding of automobile aluminum parts, in particular to a laser welding-based automobile lightweight aluminum part connecting process and equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the global automobile industry accelerating transformation towards energy saving and lightweight, aluminum alloy has become the preferred material for replacing traditional steel materials to manufacture core components such as automobile body, frame, chassis connecting parts, etc. due to its low density, high specific strength, corrosion resistance and other excellent characteristics. Laser welding technology has become the mainstream technical means for connecting automobile lightweight aluminum parts because of its advantages of concentrated energy density, small welding heat affected zone, and high strength of weld formation, which can effectively solve the welding problems caused by the strong thermal conductivity and easy oxidation of aluminum alloy.

[0003] However, the existing laser welding-based automobile lightweight aluminum part connecting equipment still has the key technical defect of insufficient coordination between the clamping and positioning systems in actual application, which is difficult to adapt to the precise welding requirements of aluminum parts (especially thin-walled and special-shaped aluminum parts): on the one hand, the workpiece clamping mechanism of the existing equipment mostly adopts rigid single-point or asymmetric clamping design, and the clamping force is concentrated on the local area of the aluminum part. Since aluminum alloy has high plasticity and weak resistance to deformation, concentrated clamping force can easily cause irreversible plastic deformation of the part. At the same time, the rigid metal clamping surface directly contacts the surface of the aluminum part, which can easily cause surface scratches, indentations and other damage, affecting the appearance accuracy and assembly adaptability of the part. On the other hand, the positioning adjustment system of the existing equipment is mostly a single-dimension independent control structure, and the horizontal translation, welding angle and welding head height adjustment rely on independent manual sliding tables or simple electric modules. During the adjustment process, manual repeated switching and calibration are required, which is not only low in efficiency, but also lacks multi-dimensional coordinated limiting mechanism, which can easily cause cumulative errors between different adjustment dimensions, making it difficult to achieve high-precision alignment of the aluminum part welding surface and the laser beam, ultimately leading to quality defects such as misalignment of the weld, uneven penetration and incomplete penetration, which restricts the stability and batch production efficiency of the welding quality of automobile lightweight aluminum parts. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a laser welding-based automobile lightweight aluminum part connecting process and equipment to solve the problem of insufficient coordination between the clamping and positioning systems of the existing similar equipment, which can easily cause deformation and scratches of the aluminum part by rigid clamping, and low efficiency and poor accuracy of single-dimension independent positioning.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a laser welding-based automobile lightweight aluminum component connecting device, characterized in that it comprises a base body, a man-machine interaction control screen fixed on one side of the front end of the base body, a driving motor fixed on the side wall of the base body, and a threaded rod connected to the output end of the driving motor; A lateral protection sheet metal is fixed on one side of the top end of the base body, the surface of the lateral protection sheet metal is provided with a slide rail guide hole, and a through hole is formed in one side of the top end of the lateral protection sheet metal; a parameter adjustment plate is arranged on one side of the lateral protection sheet metal, a guide structure is fixed on the side wall of the parameter adjustment plate, a rotary station driving motor is fixed on one side of the top end of the parameter adjustment plate, and a synchronous driving gear is connected to the output end of the rotary station driving motor; an adaptive clamping tool is arranged on one side of the parameter adjustment plate away from the guide structure, a positioning gear ring is fixed on the outer ring surface of the adaptive clamping tool, and an anti-scratch liner is fixed on the side wall of the adaptive clamping tool.

[0006] Preferably, a linkage ear seat is arranged on the outer side of the adaptive clamping tool, a feeding cylinder is connected to the other end of the linkage ear seat, a linkage ear one is connected to the end of the feeding cylinder away from the linkage ear seat, a force transmission bending arm is connected to the other end of the linkage ear one, and a pressure-controllable extrusion table is rotatably connected to one end of the force transmission bending arm.

[0007] Preferably, one end of the force transmission bending arm is rotatably connected to the adaptive clamping tool through a connecting seat, and the force transmission bending arms are equidistantly distributed along the center point of the adaptive clamping tool.

[0008] Preferably, the guide structure on the side wall of the parameter adjustment plate comprises a threaded tube, guide columns and stroke limit blocks, the threaded tube is fixed on the center of one side of the parameter adjustment plate close to the lateral protection sheet metal, the one side of the threaded tube is fixed with symmetrically distributed guide columns, and one end of the adaptive clamping tool is fixed with stroke limit blocks.

[0009] Preferably, an internal thread groove is formed in the inner cavity of the threaded tube, and the threaded tube is threadedly connected to the threaded rod through the internal thread groove.

[0010] Preferably, a main bearing support is welded to the top end of the base body, a workpiece fixing seat is fixed on one side of the top end of the main bearing support, a jacking cylinder is fixed on the side wall of the workpiece fixing seat, a linear push rod is connected to the output end of the jacking cylinder, a fine adjustment lifting table is connected to the bottom of the linear push rod, and a laser welding head is fixed on the bottom end of the fine adjustment lifting table.

[0011] Preferably, a guide column one is fixed on one side of the top end of the fine adjustment lifting table, a stroke limit block one is fixed on the top end of the guide column one, and a through groove is formed in one side of the top end of the main bearing support.

[0012] Preferably, the scratch-proof liner is circumferentially continuously distributed along the inner wall of the adaptive clamping tool, and the inner wall of the scratch-proof liner is in the same vertical plane as the extrusion surface of the pressure-controllable extrusion table.

[0013] A process of a laser welding-based automobile lightweight aluminum component connecting device, comprising the following specific steps: S1: Place the automobile lightweight aluminum component to be welded into the adaptive clamping tool, and start the clamping program through the human-computer interaction control screen; the feed cylinder drives the transmission bending arm equidistantly distributed along the center of the adaptive clamping tool to rotate through the linkage ear seat, drives the pressure-controllable extrusion table to move towards the aluminum component, cooperates with the scratch-proof liner circumferentially continuously distributed along the inner wall of the adaptive clamping tool, completes the flexible clamping of the aluminum component, avoids the deformation or surface scratch of the component, and presets the core parameters such as welding power and welding speed on the human-computer interaction control screen; S2: Start the driving motor, the threaded rod at the output end of the driving motor is matched with the threaded pipe through threads, drives the parameter adjustment plate to translate along the sliding rail guide hole on the surface of the lateral protection sheet metal, the symmetrically distributed guide columns on the side wall of the parameter adjustment plate ensure stable movement, until the aluminum component is preliminarily aligned below the laser welding head; if it is necessary to adjust the welding angle, start the rotary station driving motor, the synchronous driving gear at the output end of the rotary station driving motor is meshed with the positioning gear ring on the outer ring surface of the adaptive clamping tool to drive transmission, drives the aluminum component to rotate to the target welding angle, and the travel limiting block can prevent overtravel during adjustment; S3: Start the welding head adjustment program through the human-computer interaction control screen, the linear push rod is driven by the jacking cylinder to drive the fine adjustment lifting table to move up and down, the guide column at the top of the fine adjustment lifting table slides along the through slot of the main bearing support to ensure that the laser welding head vertically rises and falls until the welding head and the welding surface of the aluminum component reach the preset distance; after confirming that all positions are correct, the welding instruction is triggered through the human-computer interaction control screen, and the laser welding head performs laser welding on the automobile lightweight aluminum component according to the preset parameters; S4: After the welding operation is completed, the laser welding head is reset to the initial height through the jacking cylinder; the feed cylinder is depressurized, the transmission bending arm drives the pressure-controllable extrusion table to release the aluminum component; the aluminum component after welding is taken out from the adaptive clamping tool by a manual or mechanical arm, and the welding quality is checked; finally, the driving modules of the equipment are turned off through the human-computer interaction control screen, and the single welding process is completed.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the automobile lightweight aluminum component connecting device has the following beneficial effects: The adaptive clamping tool is driven by the feed cylinder to drive the transmission bending arm equidistantly distributed along the center, cooperates with the circumferentially continuously distributed scratch-proof liner on the inner wall of the adaptive clamping tool, forms a wrapped uniform clamping, the equidistantly distributed transmission structure ensures that the clamping force is dispersed without stress concentration, the scratch-proof liner realizes soft contact isolation, and the double design fundamentally solves the deformation and scratch problem of the aluminum component caused by the traditional rigid clamping, and perfectly adapts to the characteristics that the aluminum component is soft and has high surface precision requirements.

[0015] The present application realizes horizontal translation without deviation through the cooperation of the "driving motor-threaded rod-threaded pipe" guide column, realizes fine angle adjustment through the "rotary station driving motor-synchronous driving gear-positioning gear ring", and realizes vertical stable lifting of the welding head through the "jacking cylinder-guide column one-groove", so that the three dimensions are coordinated through mechanical limiting and transmission to avoid the cumulative error of single adjustment, ensure the accurate matching of the relative position of the workpiece and the welding head, significantly reduce the welding defects caused by positioning deviation, and improve the quality consistency of the joint.

[0016] The present application integrates full-process control with the human-computer interaction control screen as the core. After the operating personnel input parameters, the "clamping, adjusting, welding, and resetting" full-automatic closed-loop operation can be triggered. Each system is accurately linked through electrical signals, without manual intervention to switch equipment in the middle, which not only shortens the time consumption of single welding process, but also simplifies the operation steps, greatly reduces the skill dependence on the operating personnel, and adapts to the efficient and standardized needs of automobile parts batch production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the driving motor structure of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main bearing support structure of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the parameter adjustment plate structure of the present application; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the self-adaptive clamping tool structure of the present application; Figure 6 It is a further schematic diagram of the self-adaptive clamping tool structure of the present application.

[0018] In the figure: 1, base body; 2, human-computer interaction control screen; 3, driving motor; 4, threaded rod; 5, lateral protection sheet metal; 6, slide rail guide hole; 7, through hole; 8, parameter adjustment plate; 9, threaded pipe; 10, guide column; 11, travel limiting block; 12, rotary station driving motor; 13, synchronous driving gear; 14, self-adaptive clamping tool; 15, positioning gear ring; 16, scratch-proof liner; 17, linkage ear seat; 18, feeding cylinder; 19, linkage ear seat one; 20, force transmission bending arm; 21, pressure controllable extrusion table; 22, main bearing support; 23, workpiece fixing seat; 24, jacking cylinder; 25, linear push rod; 26, fine adjustment lifting table; 27, laser welding head; 28, guide column one; 29, travel limiting block one; 30, groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] With reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0020] Please refer to Figures 1-6 As shown in the drawings, the present application provides a technical solution: a laser welding-based automobile lightweight aluminum component connecting device, which takes a base body 1 as a mounting basis: a front end one side of the base body 1 is fixedly provided with a man-machine interaction control screen 2 to realize operation control and parameter setting, a side wall of the base body 1 is fixedly provided with a driving motor 3, an output end of the driving motor 3 is connected with a threaded rod 4 to provide driving power; a top end one side of the base body 1 is fixedly provided with a lateral protection sheet metal 5, a surface of the lateral protection sheet metal 5 is provided with a sliding rail guide hole 6, a top end one side of the lateral protection sheet metal 5 is provided with a through hole 7, and a parameter adjustment plate 8 is arranged on one side of the lateral protection sheet metal 5; a side wall of the parameter adjustment plate 8 is fixedly provided with a guide structure composed of a threaded pipe 9, symmetrically distributed guide columns 10 and stroke limiting blocks 11, a top end one side of the parameter adjustment plate 8 is fixedly provided with a rotary station driving motor 12, and an output end of the rotary station driving motor 12 is connected with a synchronous driving gear 13; a side of the parameter adjustment plate 8 away from the guide structure is provided with an adaptive clamping tool 14, and a positioning gear ring 15 is fixedly arranged on an outer ring surface of the adaptive clamping tool 14, and an anti-scratch gasket 16 is fixedly arranged on a side wall of the adaptive clamping tool 14. A linkage ear seat 17 is arranged on an outer side of the adaptive clamping tool 14, an opposite end of the linkage ear seat 17 is connected with a feeding cylinder 18, an end of the feeding cylinder 18 away from the linkage ear seat 17 is connected with a linkage ear seat one 19, an opposite end of the linkage ear seat one 19 is connected with a force transmission bending arm 20, and an end of the force transmission bending arm 20 is rotatably connected with a pressure controllable extrusion table 21; the force transmission bending arm 20 is rotatably connected with the adaptive clamping tool 14 through a connecting seat, and is equidistantly distributed along a center point of the adaptive clamping tool 14. A main load-bearing support 22 is welded on a top end of the base body 1, a top end one side of the main load-bearing support 22 is fixedly provided with a workpiece fixing seat 23, a side wall of the workpiece fixing seat 23 is fixedly provided with a jacking cylinder 24, an output end of the jacking cylinder 24 is connected with a linear push rod 25, a bottom of the linear push rod 25 is connected with a fine adjustment lifting table 26, and a laser welding head 27 is fixedly arranged on a bottom end of the fine adjustment lifting table 26; a top end one side of the fine adjustment lifting table 26 is fixedly provided with a guide column one 28, a top end of the guide column one 28 is fixedly provided with a stroke limiting block one 29, and a top end one side of the main load-bearing support 22 is provided with a through slot 30; the threaded pipe 9 and the threaded rod 4 are threadedly connected through an internal thread groove.

[0021] A process core step of a laser welding-based automobile lightweight aluminum component connecting device S1 clamping and parameter initialization: the aluminum component to be welded is placed into the adaptive clamping tool 14, the program is started through the man-machine interaction control screen 2, the feeding cylinder 18 drives the force transmission bending arm 20 to drive the pressure controllable extrusion table 21, and the flexible clamping is completed in cooperation with the anti-scratch gasket 16, and the welding parameters are preset. S2 Position and Angle Adjustment: The driving motor 3 drives the threaded rod 4 to rotate, which drives the parameter adjustment plate 8 to translate along the slide rail guide hole 6 through the threaded tube 9 (the guide column 10 ensures smoothness), so that the workpiece is aligned with the laser welding head 27; when the angle needs to be adjusted, the rotary station driving motor 12 engages with the positioning gear ring 15 through the synchronous driving gear 13, and drives the workpiece to rotate to the target angle (the travel limiting block 11 prevents overtravel); S3 Welding Head Positioning and Welding: The human-computer interaction control screen 2 starts the adjustment program, the lifting cylinder 24 drives the linear push rod 25 to drive the fine adjustment lifting platform 26, which vertically ascends along the guide column one 28 through the through slot 30, so that the laser welding head 27 reaches the preset distance, and then triggers the welding instruction to perform welding; S4 Finishing and Part Taking: The laser welding head 27 is reset by the lifting cylinder 24, the feeding cylinder 18 is depressurized to release the workpiece, and after taking out, the workpiece is inspected, and the process is completed by closing all modules.

[0022] According to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the driving motor 3 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the base body 1, and its output end is connected with the threaded rod 4 to transmit power. The lateral protection plate 5 is fixedly arranged on one side of the top end of the base body 1, which serves as a support and protection carrier for the adjustment mechanism, and the surface of the lateral protection plate 5 is provided with a slide rail guide hole 6. The above structures cooperatively constitute a translation adjustment system of the device. The driving motor 3 rotates to drive the threaded rod 4 to rotate, and the threaded rod 4 is threadedly connected with the inner thread groove of the threaded tube 9 on the parameter adjustment plate 8, so as to convert the rotary motion into linear motion. At the same time, the slide rail guide hole 6 limits and guides the translation track of the parameter adjustment plate 8, and cooperates with the symmetrically distributed guide columns 10 to ensure that the parameter adjustment plate 8 drives the self-adaptive clamping tool 14 and the aluminum component to be welded to move stably and accurately align the welding station below the laser welding head 27. In the welding process S2 (position adjustment step), the position of the aluminum component to be welded is accurately controlled, so as to avoid positioning deviation caused by unstable movement, ensure welding precision, and adapt to the precise welding requirements of the aluminum component of the automobile lightweight.

[0023] According to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the jacking cylinder 24 is fixed to the side wall of the workpiece fixing seat 23 on one side of the top end of the main load-bearing support 22, and its output end is connected with the linear push rod 25 to transmit power, and the bottom of the linear push rod 25 is connected with the fine adjustment lifting platform 26, and the middle of the bottom end of the fine adjustment lifting platform 26 is fixed with the laser welding head 27, and the top end on one side is fixed with the guide column one 28 (adapted to the through slot 30 at the top end of the main load-bearing support 22), forming a laser welding head height adjustment system; the jacking cylinder 24 serves as a power source, and its telescopic action is transmitted to the fine adjustment lifting platform 26 through the linear push rod 25, driving the laser welding head 27 to realize lifting adjustment, while the guide column one 28 slides along the through slot 30 to limit and guide the lifting track of the fine adjustment lifting platform 26, ensuring that the laser welding head 27 vertically lifts to accurately control the distance from the welding surface of the aluminum component to be welded, and in the welding process S3 (welding head positioning and welding step), after starting the adjustment program through the man-machine interaction control screen 2, the group of structures completes the height positioning of the laser welding head 27, providing protection for welding precision, and adapting to the precise welding requirements of the lightweight aluminum components of the automobile.

[0024] According to Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the parameter adjustment plate 8 is arranged on one side of the lateral protection sheet metal 5, and the side wall thereof is fixed with a guide structure including a threaded pipe 9 and a guide column 10 (adapted to the driving motor 3 and the threaded rod 4 to realize translation), and a rotary station driving motor 12 is fixed on one side of the top end, and an adaptive clamping tool 14 (an outer ring surface fixed with a positioning gear ring 15, and an inner wall provided with an anti-scratch liner 16) is arranged on the side away from the guide structure, and the group of structures cooperatively constitutes a workpiece bearing and angle adjustment system; the parameter adjustment plate 8 serves as a core bearing carrier, on one hand, it realizes overall translation through the guide structure and the threaded rod 4, etc., driving the adaptive clamping tool 14 and the aluminum component to be welded to approach the welding station, and on the other hand, it provides an installation reference for the rotary station driving motor 12; the rotary station driving motor 12 serves as a power source for angle adjustment, and the synchronous driving gear 13 at the output end thereof is engaged with the positioning gear ring 15 of the adaptive clamping tool 14 to drive the adaptive clamping tool 14 and the aluminum component to be welded to rotate to a target welding angle; the adaptive clamping tool 14 serves as a workpiece clamping carrier, and realizes flexible clamping of the workpiece in cooperation with the pressure-controllable extrusion table 21, etc.; in the welding process S2 (position and angle adjustment step), after the parameter adjustment plate 8 drives the workpiece to translate and align with the station, the rotary station driving motor 12 drives the adaptive clamping tool 14 to complete accurate angle adjustment, laying a foundation for welding precision, and adapting to the precise welding requirements of the lightweight aluminum components of the automobile.

[0025] According to Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the feeding cylinder 18 is connected between the linkage lug 17 and the linkage lug 19 outside the adaptive clamping tool 14, one end of the force transmission bending arm 20 is connected with the linkage lug 19, and the other end is rotatably connected with the pressure controllable extrusion table 21, and is rotatably connected with the adaptive clamping tool 14 through the connecting seat and is equidistantly distributed along the center point thereof, both of which cooperates with the parameter adjustment plate 8 (the adaptive clamping tool 14 is arranged on one side thereof) to constitute a workpiece flexible clamping and power transmission system; the parameter adjustment plate 8 provides mounting support for the adaptive clamping tool 14, and the feeding cylinder 18 serves as a clamping power source, and its extension and retraction action is transmitted to the force transmission bending arm 20 through the linkage lug 17 and the linkage lug 19, drives the force transmission bending arm 20 to rotate around the connecting point with the adaptive clamping tool 14, and further drives the pressure controllable extrusion table 21 to move closer to the aluminum component to be welded; the force transmission bending arm 20 has the functions of power transmission and clamping force sharing, and the equidistant distribution characteristic ensures that the pressure controllable extrusion table 21 applies uniform clamping force to the workpiece, and realizes flexible clamping in cooperation with the scratch-proof liner 16 on the inner wall of the adaptive clamping tool 14; in the welding process S1 (clamping and parameter initialization), both of them cooperate to complete workpiece clamping and deformation prevention, in S2 (position and angle adjustment), the parameter adjustment plate 8 is translated and the adaptive clamping tool 14 is rotated to keep stable clamping, which provides clamping guarantee for welding precision, and adapts to the characteristic requirements of the aluminum component of the automobile lightweight.

[0026] The effect achieved by the whole mechanism is: The device takes the human-computer interaction control screen 2 as the operation and control core. After the operator puts the aluminum parts to be welded into the self-adaptive clamping tool 14, the welding power, speed, clamping force threshold and other parameters are input through the human-computer interaction control screen 2 and the clamping instruction is sent. After the feeding cylinder 18 as the clamping power source receives the instruction, the thrust is transmitted to the transmission bending arm 20 through the linkage ear seat 17 and the linkage ear seat 19. Because the transmission bending arm 20 is equidistantly distributed along the center point of the self-adaptive clamping tool 14 and is rotationally connected with the tool through the connecting seat, it rotates synchronously around the connecting point under stress and drives the pressure controllable extrusion table 21 to move towards the workpiece center, cooperates with the scratch-proof liner 16 which is continuously distributed on the inner wall of the self-adaptive clamping tool 14 and is coplanar with the extrusion surface of the extrusion table, and forms uniform and flexible clamping of the workpiece, which not only avoids excessive local stress leading to aluminum deformation, but also protects the surface from being scratched through the liner. After clamping is completed, the human-computer interaction control screen 2 sends the adjustment instruction to drive the motor 3 as a linear power source to operate, and the threaded rod 4 at the output end of the motor 3 converts the rotary motion into linear motion through the inner thread groove of the threaded tube 9 on the side wall of the parameter adjustment plate 8. The parameter adjustment plate 8 as the core component of the self-adaptive clamping tool 14 translates along the sliding rail guide hole 6 on the surface of the lateral protection sheet metal 5, while the symmetrically distributed guide columns 10 on the side wall are embedded in the sliding rail guide hole 6 to limit the deviation, and the workpiece is smoothly moved to the position below the preliminary alignment laser welding head 27. If the welding angle needs to be adjusted, the rotary station drive motor 12 is started, the synchronous drive gear 13 at the output end of the motor 13 is engaged with the positioning gear ring 15 on the outer surface of the self-adaptive clamping tool 14 to drive the workpiece to rotate accurately to the target angle around the center axis, and the travel limit block 11 contacts the lateral protection sheet metal 5 to trigger the limit to prevent overtravel. After the workpiece position and angle adjustment is completed, the human-computer interaction control screen 2 sends the welding head adjustment instruction, the jacking cylinder 24 as a height adjustment power source is extended and retracted, the power is transmitted to the fine adjustment lifting platform 26 through the linear push rod 25, the laser welding head 27 at the bottom end is synchronously lifted, the guide column 28 at the top end of the fine adjustment lifting platform 26 slides along the through slot 30 of the main bearing support 22 to limit the horizontal deviation, and the welding head is vertically lifted to keep a preset distance (such as 0.5-2mm) from the workpiece welding surface, and the travel limit block 29 contacts the main bearing support 22 to trigger the limit to prevent collision. After all conditions are met, the human-computer interaction control screen 2 triggers the welding instruction, the laser welding head 27 emits a laser beam according to the preset parameters to realize local melting and connection of the aluminum parts by using high energy density. After welding is completed, the human-computer interaction control screen 2 sends the reset instruction, the jacking cylinder 24 drives the welding head to rise, the feeding cylinder 18 is depressurized to release the workpiece from the pressure controllable extrusion table 21, the drive motor 3 drives the parameter adjustment plate 8 to return to the original position, and each system returns to the initial state. The workpiece is taken out by the artificial or mechanical arm, and the single welding operation closed loop is completed.

[0027] Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some of the technical features can be replaced by equivalent features, by those skilled in the art, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser welding-based automobile lightweight aluminum component connecting apparatus characterized by comprising: a laser welding device; a laser welding control device; and a laser welding monitoring device. The base body (1) is provided with a human-computer interaction control screen (2) on one side of the front end, a driving motor (3) is fixed on the side wall of the base body (1), and a threaded rod (4) is connected to the output end of the driving motor (3); The top end of the base body (1) is provided with a lateral protection sheet metal (5) on one side, the surface of the lateral protection sheet metal (5) is provided with a sliding rail guide hole (6), and the top end of the lateral protection sheet metal (5) is provided with a through hole (7); one side of the lateral protection sheet metal (5) is provided with a parameter adjustment plate (8), the side wall of the parameter adjustment plate (8) is fixedly provided with a guide structure, the top end of the parameter adjustment plate (8) is fixedly provided with a rotary station driving motor (12), and the output end of the rotary station driving motor (12) is connected with a synchronous driving gear (13); one side of the parameter adjustment plate (8) away from the guide structure is provided with a self-adaptive clamping tool (14), the outer ring surface of the self-adaptive clamping tool (14) is fixedly provided with a positioning gear ring (15), and the side wall of the self-adaptive clamping tool (14) is fixedly provided with an anti-scratch pad (16).

2. The laser welding based automotive light weight aluminum component joining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the self-adaptive clamping tool (14) is provided with a linkage ear seat (17), the other end of the linkage ear seat (17) is connected with a feeding cylinder (18), one end of the feeding cylinder (18) away from the linkage ear seat (17) is connected with a linkage ear seat one (19), the other end of the linkage ear seat one (19) is connected with a force transmission bending arm (20), and one end of the force transmission bending arm (20) is rotatably connected with a pressure controllable extrusion table (21).

3. The laser welding based automotive light weight aluminum component joining apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the force transmission bending arm (20) is rotatably connected with the self-adaptive clamping tool (14) through a connecting seat, and the force transmission bending arm (20) is equidistantly distributed along the center point of the self-adaptive clamping tool (14).

4. The laser welding based automotive light weight aluminum component joining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The guide structure of the side wall of the parameter adjustment plate (8) comprises a threaded pipe (9), a guide column (10) and a stroke limiting block (11), the threaded pipe (9) is fixedly arranged at the center of the side of the parameter adjustment plate (8) close to the lateral protection sheet metal (5), the side of the threaded pipe (9) is fixedly provided with symmetrically distributed guide columns (10), and one end of the self-adaptive clamping tool (14) is fixedly provided with a stroke limiting block (11).

5. The laser welding based automotive light weight aluminum component joining apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the threaded pipe (9) is provided with an internal thread groove, and the threaded pipe (9) is in threaded connection with the threaded rod (4) through the internal thread groove.

6. The laser welding based automotive light weight aluminum component joining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the base body (1) is welded with a main bearing support (22), the top end of the main bearing support (22) is fixedly provided with a workpiece fixing seat (23), the side wall of the workpiece fixing seat (23) is fixedly provided with a jacking cylinder (24), the output end of the jacking cylinder (24) is connected with a linear push rod (25), the bottom of the linear push rod (25) is connected with a fine adjustment lifting table (26), and the bottom end of the fine adjustment lifting table (26) is fixedly provided with a laser welding head (27).

7. The laser welding based automotive light-weighting aluminum component joining apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top end of the fine adjustment lifting table (26) is fixedly provided with a guide column one (28), the top end of the guide column one (28) is fixedly provided with a stroke limiting block one (29), and the top end of the main bearing support (22) is provided with a through slot (30).

8. The laser welding based automotive light weight aluminum component joining apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The scratch-proof liner (16) is distributed continuously along the inner wall of the adaptive clamping tool (14), and the inner wall of the scratch-proof liner (16) is in the same vertical plane as the extrusion surface of the pressure-controllable extrusion table (21).

9. A process for connecting laser-welded automotive lightweight aluminum parts, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following specific steps: S1: Place the aluminum parts to be welded into the adaptive clamping tool (14), and start the clamping program through the human-computer interaction control screen (2); the feed cylinder (18) drives the transmission bending arm (20) to rotate through the linkage ear seat (17) and linkage ear seat one (19), and drives the pressure-controllable extrusion table (21) to move closer to the aluminum parts, and cooperates with the scratch-proof liner (16) on the inner wall of the adaptive clamping tool (14) to complete the flexible clamping of the aluminum parts, avoiding deformation or surface scratching of the parts; at the same time, preset the core parameters such as welding power and welding speed on the human-computer interaction control screen (2); S2: Start the drive motor (3), and through the screw thread cooperation between the threaded rod (4) at the output end of the drive motor (3) and the threaded tube (9), drive the parameter adjustment plate (8) to translate along the sliding rail guide hole (6) on the surface of the lateral protection sheet metal (5), and the symmetrically distributed guide columns (10) on the side wall of the parameter adjustment plate (8) ensure stable movement, until the aluminum parts are preliminarily aligned below the laser welding head (27); if the welding angle needs to be adjusted, start the rotary station drive motor (12), and the synchronous drive gear (13) at the output end of the rotary station drive motor (12) meshes with the positioning gear ring (15) on the outer ring surface of the adaptive clamping tool (14) to drive the aluminum parts to rotate to the target welding angle, and the travel limit block (11) can prevent overtravel during adjustment; S3: Start the welding head adjustment program through the human-computer interaction control screen (2), and the linear push rod (25) is driven by the jacking cylinder (24) to drive the fine adjustment lifting platform (26) to move up and down, the guide column one (28) at the top end of the fine adjustment lifting platform (26) slides along the through slot (30) of the main bearing support (22) to ensure that the laser welding head (27) vertically rises and falls until the welding head and the aluminum part welding surface reach the preset distance; after confirming that all positions are correct, trigger the welding instruction through the human-computer interaction control screen (2), and the laser welding head (27) performs laser welding on the automotive lightweight aluminum parts according to the preset parameters; S4: After the welding operation is completed, the laser welding head (27) is reset to the initial height through the jacking cylinder (24); the feed cylinder (18) is depressurized, the transmission bending arm (20) drives the pressure-controllable extrusion table (21) to release the aluminum parts; the welded aluminum parts are taken out from the adaptive clamping tool (14) by manual or mechanical arm, and the welding quality is checked; finally, all drive modules of the equipment are turned off through the human-computer interaction control screen (2), and the single welding process is completed.

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