Unmanned aerial vehicle system based on optical fiber fusion illumination and communication and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle system based on optical fiber fusion illumination and communication and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of novel illumination and optical fiber transmission of unmanned aerial vehicles. The system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a lighting module, a communication module, an optical fiber coupling module, a mooring box and a mooring optical fiber composite rope, the lighting module and the communication module are integrated in the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the optical fiber coupling module is used for coupling a lighting optical signal and a communication signal into the mooring optical fiber composite rope and separating the lighting optical signal and the communication signal at the unmanned aerial vehicle end; the mooring optical fiber composite rope sequentially comprises an optical fiber transmission layer, a conductive layer, a reinforcing layer and a protective layer from inside to outside, the optical fiber transmission layer is used for transmitting illumination visible light and communication infrared light, the conductive layer is used for transmitting electric energy, the reinforcing layer is used for providing mechanical support, and the protective layer is used for resisting external environment erosion. According to the invention, illumination and communication functions are integrally realized through optical fibers, so that the problems of load redundancy, signal interference and insufficient endurance of the mooring unmanned aerial vehicle are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of new type lighting and optical fiber transmission technology of unmanned aerial vehicle, and particularly relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle system based on optical fiber fusion lighting and communication and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the continuous development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, tethered unmanned aerial vehicle systems have been widely used in power inspection, disaster emergency, night search and rescue, city security and other scenes, and have significant advantages in continuous power supply and signal transmission. As a key subsystem for night operation, the demand for low-altitude, close-range, high-interference-resistant special operation is increasing, and the existing scheme has difficulty in balancing the on-board weight, signal stability and high-brightness lighting and other performances.

[0004] In the lighting design of the tethered unmanned aerial vehicle, the color temperature and brightness adjustment of the traditional on-board light source depends on the on-board controller, is limited by the battery power supply capability, has a narrow adjustment range, and the brightness is difficult to meet the demand of large-scale and long-time operation. In high-brightness demand scenarios, in order to maintain flight stability, the power consumption of the lamp is limited, which makes it difficult to balance brightness and endurance time.

[0005] The on-board light source is affected by the vibration of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the illumination spot offset angle is large. When the wind is large, it will cause uneven illumination of the target area. In addition, the traditional LED light source has fixed spectrum, which cannot adapt to complex scenes, such as smoke environment requiring 630-660nm red-orange light to penetrate, requiring to carry multiple sets of lamps to switch, further increasing the load.

[0006] In the communication design of the tethered unmanned aerial vehicle, the traditional unmanned aerial vehicle relies on radio communication. In strong electromagnetic environments such as industrial plants and high-voltage substations, the signal packet loss rate is as high as 20%-40%, the 4K / 8K high-definition video transmission delay is more than 200ms, and even the control command is interrupted. In addition, the radio bandwidth is limited, which cannot meet the concurrent data transmission needs of multiple sensors such as thermal imaging and laser radar.

[0007] As can be seen, the existing unmanned aerial vehicle has significant limitations in the technical scheme of lighting and communication field, and the core contradiction is that the traditional separate design cannot balance the operation efficiency, anti-interference ability and endurance performance, while the optical fiber integration technology realizes breakthrough optimization through "transmission medium multiplexing" and "function coordination".

[0008] The existing composite structure cable is a simple transmission of "single light + single electricity", if the multi-layer structure is simply bundled and combined, double interference will occur: one is electromagnetic radiation generated by power transmission current; the other is that the illumination light stray light is coupled into the communication optical fiber, which makes the communication transmission delay increase, and cannot meet the working requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0009] And the existing technology has obvious short board on the problems of illumination image stabilization and coupling wave under attitude vibration. The tethered unmanned aerial vehicle generates vibration and ±15° pitch ±10° roll attitude change during flight, and the traditional illumination-communication system lacks collaborative anti-interference design: the illumination light output end is mostly fixed structure or simple holder, the response delay is high, and the attitude offset cannot be quickly compensated, resulting in large spot offset angle and uneven illumination of the target area; vibration will also be directly transmitted to the light coupling interface, causing the optical fiber end face alignment deviation, and increasing the communication error rate; and the traditional control only adjusts the brightness or angle, and is not associated with the "height-spot-brightness" parameters, which needs to be manually adjusted when the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle changes, and is difficult to adapt to dynamic operation scenarios, which seriously affects the operation efficiency.

[0010] In summary, how to design a light weight optical fiber composite rope to cooperate with the illumination and communication module to realize the stable illumination and communication function of the tethered unmanned aerial vehicle becomes a problem to be solved in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0011] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an unmanned aerial vehicle system based on optical fiber fusion illumination and communication and a control method thereof, which integrates illumination and communication functions through optical fibers to solve the problems of payload redundancy, signal interference and insufficient endurance of the tethered unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0012] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: The present application provides an unmanned aerial vehicle system based on optical fiber fusion illumination and communication in the first aspect, comprising: The unmanned aerial vehicle, the illumination module, the communication module, the optical fiber coupling module, the tethering box and the tethering optical fiber composite rope, the illumination module and the communication module are integrated in the unmanned aerial vehicle, the illumination module and the communication module are connected with the tethering box through the tethering optical fiber composite rope, the optical fiber coupling module is used for coupling the illumination light signal and the communication signal into the tethering optical fiber composite rope, and separating at the unmanned aerial vehicle end, the tethering optical fiber composite rope comprises an optical fiber transmission layer, a conductive layer, a reinforcing layer and a protective layer from inside to outside, the optical fiber transmission layer is used for transmitting illumination visible light and communication infrared light, the conductive layer is used for transmitting electric energy, the reinforcing layer is used for providing mechanical support, and the protective layer is used for resisting external environmental erosion.

[0013] Further, the power supply device is further included, and the power supply device supplies power for the unmanned aerial vehicle system through the tethering box.

[0014] Further, the lighting control module is further included for parameter control of the lighting module.

[0015] Further, the light outlet end and the airborne optical transceiver unit are further included for communication signal receiving and communication signal transmitting respectively, and the unmanned aerial vehicle end interface of the tethered optical fiber composite rope adopts an integrated plug for simultaneously connecting the light outlet end and the airborne optical transceiver unit.

[0016] Further, the automatic winding device matched with the tethered optical fiber composite rope, the winding device signal receiver and the driving motor are arranged in the tethered box, the automatic winding device is composed of a metal support, a rolling bearing, a winding drum and a driving motor, the driving motor drives the winding drum to rotate, the automatic winding and unwinding of the composite rope are realized, the rolling bearing ensures the smooth winding and unwinding, and the winding device receiver is connected with the driving motor and controls the automatic winding and unwinding according to the unmanned aerial vehicle height and the rope length feedback signals.

[0017] Further, the optical fiber transmission layer includes one central large-diameter multi-mode optical fiber and six peripheral single-mode communication optical fibers, the conductive layer includes six tinned soft copper wire bundles, the copper wire bundles are spirally twisted on the periphery of the optical fiber transmission layer, the outer layer of the copper wire bundles is wrapped with a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating layer, the inner layer of the copper wire bundles is attached with an aluminum foil shielding layer, the reinforcing layer is formed by bidirectional weaving of aramid fibers and is wrapped on the periphery of the conductive layer, and the protective layer includes an inner nano-SiO2 waterproof coating and an outer polyurethane sheath.

[0018] Further, the total diameter of the tethered optical fiber composite rope is 8-10 mm, the unit weight is less than or equal to 12 g / m, and the applicable length is 0.5-5 km.

[0019] Further, the optical fiber coupling module includes a ground light source and a wavelength isolation module, the ground light source includes an RGB three-color high-power LED array, brightness adjustment is realized through PWM technology, and the wavelength isolation module is integrated with a 45° inclined filter.

[0020] Further, the lighting module includes a light outlet assembly and an angle adjusting mechanism, the light outlet assembly adopts an optical lens to switch between spotlight mode and floodlight mode, the angle adjusting mechanism is a universal ball structure connected to the bottom of the device, and the light outlet assembly is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle body through a silica gel elastic buffer support.

[0021] The second aspect of the present application provides a control method of the unmanned aerial vehicle system based on optical fiber fusion lighting and communication according to the first aspect, and the control method comprises the following steps: Real-time operation information of the unmanned aerial vehicle is acquired, including position information, height information, attitude information and task mode data; The lighting control module automatically adjusts lighting parameters according to the real-time operation information, wherein the spot size and brightness are adjusted based on the position information and the height information, the lighting angle is compensated based on the attitude information, and the lighting strategy is switched based on the task mode.

[0022] The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects: The present application provides a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle system based on optical fiber fusion lighting and communication and control method thereof, by integrated design, realize the collaborative transmission of lighting, communication and power supply. Among them, tether-optical fiber composite rope adopts layered structure. Ground light source adopts RGB three-color LED array, supports stepless adjustment of color temperature, and is guided to the light outlet of unmanned aerial vehicle by optical fiber; Communication module relies on independent optical fiber to realize two-way data transmission, and has strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability. The system also has flight control and lighting linkage control function, can automatically adjust lighting parameters based on the height, attitude and task mode of unmanned aerial vehicle, and supports manual priority control. The present application solves the problems of load redundancy, signal interference and insufficient endurance caused by the separation of traditional unmanned aerial vehicle lighting and communication, and is suitable for night inspection, emergency rescue, low-altitude security and other high anti-interference, long-time operation scenes.

[0023] The present application utilizes optical fiber lighting technology, and by means of "ground light source + optical fiber light guide" mode, the light source is arranged in the ground tether box, and the unmanned aerial vehicle only carries a light outlet (weight ≤100g), which reduces the lighting load of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and cooperates with the tether power supply to realize 24-hour continuous lighting, and completely gets rid of the battery endurance limit. The optical fiber lighting can adapt to the scene demand in real time through the RGB three-primary color adjustment of the ground light source (supporting 16 million color stepless switching); and the light outlet reduces the light spot deviation angle through the universal ball structure and the low elasticity of the optical fiber, greatly improving the dynamic stability.

[0024] The present application adopts 1310nm / 1550nm infrared band for optical fiber communication, has strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, supports real-time transmission of high-definition video and multi-sensor data, and the delay is controlled within 50ms, which is completely suitable for high-precision operation scenes.

[0025] The present application realizes full-scene dynamic anti-interference through "structure image stabilization + control linkage" two-dimensional innovation. On the structure, the lighting light outlet adopts the combination of "universal ball mechanism + silica gel buffer support", the universal ball supports 360° horizontal rotation and ±90° pitch adjustment, the response delay is ≤50ms, the attitude deviation can be quickly compensated, the silica gel buffer support can absorb more than 60% vibration in the frequency band of 10-500Hz, avoid vibration transmission to the optical coupling interface to reduce coupling deviation; on the control, the "height-light spot-brightness three-parameter linkage" logic is constructed, the light spot size and brightness are automatically adjusted based on the height of unmanned aerial vehicle, and the illumination angle is corrected in reverse combining the flight control attitude data, finally when vibration / attitude changes, the light spot deviation angle is ≤±0.3°, and the communication coupling fluctuation is ≤±0.1dB, which ensures the dynamic stability of lighting and communication.

[0026] The present application is widely applicable to high-intensity lighting scenes such as night inspection, emergency repair and disaster rescue, and is especially suitable for special operation environments with low altitude, short distance and high anti-interference requirements.

[0027] Advantages of additional aspects of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following and / or can be learned by practice of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the tethered optical fiber composite rope in the embodiment one of the present application; Figure 2 Flow chart of signal transmission in the embodiment one of the present application; Figure 3 Logic diagram of lighting control and flight control system linkage control in the embodiment one of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the application pertains.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, there is a presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof; The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in the following with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0032] Embodiment one: The prior art is used in static scenes such as fixed communication and industrial wiring in the design of optical fiber composite, and does not consider the special needs of "dynamic flight, limited load, multi-scene adaptation" of unmanned aerial vehicle. In view of the above defects of the prior art, the embodiment one of the present application provides an unmanned aerial vehicle system based on optical fiber fusion lighting and communication, such as Figure 1 ,Figure 2 and Figure 3 as shown, specifically comprising: The unmanned aerial vehicle, the lighting module, the communication module, the optical fiber coupling module, the power supply device, the tether box, the light outlet end and the airborne optical transceiver unit, the lighting control module and the tethered optical fiber composite rope, the lighting module and the communication module are integrated inside the unmanned aerial vehicle, the lighting module and the communication module are connected with the tethered optical fiber composite rope and the tether box, the optical fiber coupling module is used for coupling the lighting light signal and the communication signal into the tethered optical fiber composite rope, and separating at the unmanned aerial vehicle end. The power supply device supplies power for the unmanned aerial vehicle system through the tether box, and the power supply device can use a diesel generator, a mobile power supply or a 220V household power supply. The optical fiber composite rope of the present application cooperates with the lighting and communication modules: layered design ensures that the optical, electrical and data signals do not interfere with each other; the RGB three-color high-power LED array is combined with the large-core optical fiber to improve the spectral adaptability and energy utilization rate; through the integrated transmission of "optical-electric-data", the overall performance is better than the existing scheme. The light outlet end and the airborne optical transceiver unit are used for communication signal reception and communication signal transmission respectively, and the unmanned aerial vehicle end interface of the tethered optical fiber composite rope adopts an integrated plug to simultaneously connect the light outlet end and the airborne optical transceiver unit.

[0033] Preferably, the unmanned aerial vehicle of the embodiment is a multi-rotor tethered unmanned aerial vehicle, which includes a flight control module for controlling the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0034] Preferably, the light outlet end and the communication module are integrated in the same connection device, the distance between the two is ≥50mm, and the light outlet end uses a visible light filter that only transmits 400-760nm visible light to avoid interference of the lighting light with the 1310nm / 1550nm infrared communication signal. The unmanned aerial vehicle end interface of the tethered optical fiber composite rope adopts an integrated plug to simultaneously connect the large-core multimode optical fiber of the light outlet end and the communication optical fiber of the airborne optical transceiver unit, realizing a "one-plug dual-communication" design and simplifying the installation process. The communication module includes an airborne optical transceiver unit, specifically including a receiver and a transmitter. The receiver is used to receive the optical signal emitted by the ground communication unit, and the transmitter is used to modulate the data collected at the unmanned aerial vehicle end into an optical signal to return to the ground, realizing two-way communication.

[0035] Preferably, the tether box is provided with an automatic winding device matched with the tethered optical fiber composite rope, a winding device signal receiver and a driving motor. The automatic winding device includes a metal support, a support rolling bearing and a winding drum. The driving motor is connected with the winding drum, the winding drum is arranged on the support rolling bearing, the support rolling bearing is supported by the metal support, and the automatic winding device is connected with the winding device signal receiver. The tether box is connected with the power supply device. The driving motor drives the winding drum to rotate, realizing automatic winding and unwinding of the composite rope. The support rolling bearing is used to ensure smooth winding and unwinding. The winding device receiver is connected with the driving motor, and the automatic winding and unwinding process is controlled according to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight height and rope length feedback signals. Preferably, as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the tethered optical fiber composite rope includes, from the inside to the outside, an optical fiber transmission layer, a conductive layer, a reinforcing layer, and a protective layer according to the principles of “core function integration and layer design specialization”. The optical fiber transmission layer is used for transmitting visible light and infrared light. The design combines large-core multimode optical fibers and single-mode optical fibers to support “one fiber with double light”. The conductive layer is used for transmitting electric energy. The design combines tinned copper wire bundles and aluminum foil shielding to reduce electromagnetic interference. The reinforcing layer is used for providing mechanical support. Aramid fibers are woven to provide high strength and flexibility. The protective layer is used for resisting external environmental erosion. Nano-SiO2 and polyurethane sheath are combined to have weather resistance, water resistance, and wear resistance. These designs take into account light weight and stability to meet the long-time hovering requirements of unmanned aerial vehicles and truly realize “one rope with three uses”: the inner layer transmits visible light (illumination) and infrared light (communication); the middle layer conducts electric energy (power supply for unmanned aerial vehicles and airborne equipment); and the outer layer ensures tensile strength and environmental resistance.

[0036] In this embodiment, the tethered optical fiber composite rope is designed in cooperation with the illumination and communication modules: the layered design ensures that the optical, electrical, and data signals do not interfere with each other. The RGB three-color high-power LED array is combined with large-core optical fibers to improve spectral adaptability and energy utilization. The integrated design realizes “optical-electrical-data” transmission in the same cable, and the overall efficiency and stability are better.

[0037] To solve the problem of mutual interference between different layers, this embodiment innovatively adopts a dual-protection system combining layered isolation and waveband blocking: the optical fiber transmission layer adopts a “center-periphery” distributed layout. The center is a large-core multimode illumination optical fiber, and the periphery is a regular hexagon distribution of six single-mode communication optical fibers, all of which are coated with low-refractive-index fluororesin. The spatial distance and refractive index difference block optical crosstalk, and a 45° inclined dichroic filter is used for wavelength multiplexing geometric coupling to block crosstalk from the physical waveband level, so that the double-channel crosstalk is reduced to < -40 dB. Physical isolation is achieved by taking advantage of the waveband difference between visible light and infrared light. The conductive layer is designed with a “ultra-thin aluminum foil + spiral twisted copper wire” composite shielding structure. The 20 μm thick aluminum foil is grounded to lead away electromagnetic interference, and the copper wire bundle is spiral twisted at a pitch of 10 mm to reduce the electromagnetic radiation area, so that the electromagnetic interference attenuation of the communication optical fiber is ≥40 dB, and the packet loss rate is ≤0.1%. In the tethered unmanned aerial vehicle scene, high-brightness, stable illumination, and low-latency, high-reliability bidirectional communication are realized, and light weight, anti-interference, and dynamic stability are maintained in long-distance deployment and strong electromagnetic environments.

[0038] More preferably, the innermost layer is an optical fiber transmission layer, the core function of which is to synchronously transmit lighting visible light and communication infrared light, realizing "one fiber and double light" multiplexing, including one central large-diameter multi-mode optical fiber and six peripheral single-mode communication optical fibers. Among them, the central large-diameter multi-mode optical fiber is made of quartz glass material, coated with low-refractive-index fluororesin on the outer layer, and resistant to temperature range of -40~85℃; the six peripheral single-mode communication optical fibers are distributed in a regular hexagon, made of G.652D standard quartz material, and the coating layer is consistent with the central optical fiber.

[0039] More preferably, the intermediate layer is a tethered conductive layer, which provides continuous power for the unmanned aerial vehicle and the on-board equipment (such as the camera and the optical transceiver), including 6 strands of soft tinned copper wire bundles, each containing 7 copper wires with a diameter of 0.1 mm, with a total cross-sectional area of 0.1 mm 2 ; the copper wire bundles are spirally twisted on the periphery of the optical fiber transmission layer at a pitch of 10 mm, and the outer layer of the copper wire bundle is wrapped with a polytetrafluoroethylene 10 mm pitch insulation layer, with a withstand voltage of ≥500V, supporting DC 48V voltage input, a rated current of 3A, and a maximum output power of 144W; the inner layer of the copper wire bundle is attached to an aluminum foil shielding layer, reducing the influence of electromagnetic interference generated by current on the communication optical fiber.

[0040] More preferably, the outer layer is a reinforcing layer, which provides mechanical support against stretching and twisting, ensuring the stability of the structure during winding and flying. The reinforcing layer is made of aramid fiber (Kevlar) double-woven, with a warp and weft density of 16×16 roots / cm, a weaving angle of ±45°, a thickness of 0.8-1.0mm, and is wrapped around the periphery of the conductive layer to ensure certain mechanical strength, flexibility and fatigue resistance. Wrapped around the periphery of the conductive layer.

[0041] The current composite cable has the defect of unreasonable strength, which is difficult to withstand the hovering tension of the unmanned aerial vehicle if the strength is insufficient, and leads to insufficient endurance of the unmanned aerial vehicle if the strength is too heavy, which cannot balance the light weight and tensile strength. The present embodiment adopts a reinforcing layer made of aramid fiber double-woven, coated with a nano-SiO2 combined polyurethane protective layer, realizing high strength, weather resistance and low weight. At the same time, aluminum foil shielding is added to the inside of the conductive layer to reduce electromagnetic interference. The unit weight is ≤12 g / m, which meets the load requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle platform while ensuring the strength; the packet loss rate is ≤0.1% in strong interference environment such as high-voltage substation, significantly improving the system reliability.

[0042] More preferably, the outermost layer is a protective layer that can resist external environmental erosion (such as rain, ultraviolet light, wear and tear), and ensure the stability of the inner layer structure. The protective layer includes an inner layer of nano-SiO2 waterproof coating and an outer layer of polyurethane sheath. The inner layer is 5 μm thick, the outer layer is 1.2 mm thick, the Shore hardness is 85A, the surface is smooth, and the friction coefficient is ≤0.3. It can be embedded with a reflective strip or a micro tracking coil for night visible tracking or cable position monitoring. It ensures good environmental adaptability, wear resistance and weather resistance.

[0043] The total diameter of the tethered optical fiber composite rope is 8-10 mm, the unit weight is ≤12 g / m, and the suitable length is 0.5-5 km. However, for specific scenarios (such as fixed high-altitude base stations, special inspections), the composite rope can achieve 10 km by thickening the conductive layer and reinforcing layer, but it requires a higher load-bearing unmanned aerial vehicle platform. The integrated transmission design of the composite rope communication, power supply, and lighting light reduces wiring redundancy, is light in weight, high in strength, suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle loads, and good in bending resistance. The structure of the multi-mode plastic optical fiber combined with the buffer layer can adapt to winding and rolling. All elements are insulated and fireproof, and have certain flame retardant properties.

[0044] Preferably, the optical fiber coupling module includes a ground light source and a wavelength isolation module. The ground light source is the ground core unit of the optical fiber lighting and communication system, and needs to realize three functions: "multi-color light output, high-efficiency light coupling into fiber, and isolation from communication signals". It solves the problems of single function, low coupling efficiency, and interference with communication signals in traditional light sources.

[0045] More preferably, the ground light source contains an RGB three-color high-power LED array, each color is independently constant-current driven, and the brightness is steplessly adjusted from 0 to 100% through PWM technology. The mixed light color temperature covers 2000K-6500K, and white light, monochromatic light (such as rescue red light, underwater blue light) can be output as needed.

[0046] More preferably, the wavelength isolation module integrates a 45° inclined Dichroic filter with a transmittance of ≥95% for 400-760 nm visible light and a reflectivity of ≥99% for 1310 nm / 1550 nm communication infrared light, realizing physical isolation and same-fiber transmission of lighting light and communication light.

[0047] More preferably, the optical coupling module further comprises a collimating lens group (aspherical lens), a focusing lens (biconvex lens) and a precision fiber interface seat, which focuses the mixed light of the LED into the illumination fiber core (large core diameter multimode fiber of the composite rope optical fiber transmission layer) of the tethered optical fiber. The light path is: the ground light source is composed of an RGB three-color high-power LED array, the mixed light generated is first collimated by the aspherical collimating lens group to reduce the beam divergence angle; then enters the biconvex focusing lens for focusing, so that the light beam converges and is effectively coupled to the subsequent module. After passing through the wavelength isolation filter arranged at an inclination of 45°, the visible light part is transmitted into the central large core diameter multimode fiber of the tethered optical fiber composite rope and transmitted, and finally output by the light output assembly at the unmanned aerial vehicle end, realizing stable remote lighting function. At the same time, the communication signal is transmitted independently by the peripheral single-mode optical fiber, which is completely isolated from the illumination light at the physical layer, avoiding mutual interference, and ensuring the cooperative and stable work of illumination and communication.

[0048] Preferably, for the lighting needs of the tethered unmanned aerial vehicle in complex scenes, a lightweight, high flexibility and anti-interference unmanned aerial vehicle lighting structure is designed to work with the optical fiber communication, solving the problems of large load, limited angle adjustment and large vibration influence of traditional airborne lighting. The lighting module includes a light output assembly and an angle adjustment mechanism, which greatly reduces the load of the unmanned aerial vehicle through structure optimization and function integration, relying on optical fiber light guide to replace airborne light source; supports omnidirectional adjustment of illumination angle, adapts to different operation scenes; works with the optical fiber communication system to avoid signal interference; simplifies the structure design and improves the stability in the flying vibration environment.

[0049] More preferably, the light output assembly adopts high-transmittance optical lens to switch between spotlight mode (spot diameter 0.5-1m) and floodlight mode (spot diameter 3-5m), meeting the needs of close-range precise lighting and long-distance large-range coverage. The optical lens is integrated in the connecting device at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle, with adjustable focal length, receiving visible light transmitted by the ground light source machine through the tethered optical fiber composite rope. The traditional airborne LED module is abandoned, and the lighting weight is transferred to the ground through fiber remote light guide, significantly reducing the load burden. The light output assembly uses a visible light filter, with a distance ≥50mm from the airborne optical transceiver unit.

[0050] More preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism is a universal ball structure at the bottom of the connecting device, and the light output end is fixed below the universal ball, realizing 360° horizontal rotation and ±90° pitch adjustment with an adjustment accuracy of ±0.5. The light output assembly and the unmanned aerial vehicle body are connected through a silica gel elastic buffer support. It can absorb more than 60% of the flight vibration in the frequency range of 10-500Hz, avoiding the deviation of the light spot due to the jolt of the fuselage.

[0051] Preferably, the lighting control module is used for parameter control of the lighting module. The lighting module and the flight control module are linked and controlled, such as Figure 3The specific steps are shown as follows: Step 1: The flight control system continuously obtains real-time operation information of the unmanned aerial vehicle, including position information, height information, attitude information and task mode data.

[0052] Step 2: The lighting control module automatically starts the multi-parameter linkage adjustment logic to automatically adjust the lighting parameters according to the real-time operation information. Specifically, the spot size and brightness are adjusted based on the position information and height information. Specifically, the spot diameter is expanded synchronously when the height increases, and the brightness is compensated according to the inverse square law. The lighting angle is compensated based on the attitude information. Specifically, the pitch angle / roll angle deviation is corrected in the opposite direction based on the attitude data to offset the spot deviation. The lighting strategy is switched based on the task mode. Specifically, a fixed spot is maintained during hovering, the spot is deflected synchronously with the heading during cruising, and the red light flashing mode is switched during obstacle avoidance. In addition, the lighting control module supports a manual control priority mode. The ground communication unit (ground base station) can send instructions to override the automatically adjusted parameters. A closed-loop control is formed, which is "automatic adaptation as the main and manual intervention as the auxiliary". The accuracy and adaptability of the lighting in complex scenes are guaranteed, and the flexibility of emergency operation is reserved, which significantly improves the system operation efficiency.

[0053] More preferably, as shown in Figure 2 The transmitter of the ground communication unit generates a 1550nm infrared light signal (carrying flight control instructions, lighting control parameters, etc.), which is transmitted to the unmanned aerial vehicle end through the single-mode communication optical fiber (such as 1-2 of the 6 outer ones) in the tethered optical fiber composite rope. At the same time, the ground light source machine generates RGB three-color light, which is transmitted to the unmanned aerial vehicle end through the multi-mode communication optical fiber in the tethered optical fiber composite rope. The receiver of the airborne communication module demodulates the received optical signal, converts it into an electrical signal, and then transmits it to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control system or load equipment, completing the instruction issuance. The data collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle load (such as a high-definition camera, a thermal imager, a sensor) is modulated into a 1310nm infrared light signal by the transmitter of the airborne communication module, and is transmitted back to the ground through the same group of single-mode communication optical fibers. The receiver of the ground communication unit demodulates the data and transmits it to the ground station for processing (such as AI analysis, image display), realizing state feedback and data storage.

[0054] In order to better illustrate the superiority of the system of the present embodiment, the application of the system in the following three scenes will be described in detail. Figure Three Railway night inspection, low-altitude security investigation task and laser mapping and three-dimensional building

[0055] 1. Railway night inspection The optical fiber lighting and communication integrated tethered unmanned aerial vehicle system is used to perform a night railway inspection task. The unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with a lightweight lighting light emitting end (≤100g) and an infrared thermal imaging module, wherein the lighting light emitting end is fixed to the bottom of the machine body through a universal ball structure, can realize 360° horizontal rotation and ±90° pitch adjustment, and is automatically compensated based on the attitude data (pitch angle / roll angle) sent by the flight control system in real time, so as to ensure that the lighting angle is always accurately aligned with the track area, and the effective distance of the forward lighting is 30 meters.

[0056] The illumination part uses a ground light source machine, and the light is transmitted to the machine end through the center multi-mode optical fiber of the tether-optical fiber composite rope, and is output through an adjustable focus collimating lens, so as to avoid the problem of insufficient brightness caused by excessive weight or power supply limitation of the traditional airborne light source; the ground light source supports stepless adjustment of brightness of 0-100%, and can automatically compensate the brightness according to the height (10-30m) of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the inverse square law, so as to ensure that the track surface illumination is stable at 800-1200 lux.

[0057] The track abnormal information (sleeper crack, turnout ablation, etc.) captured by the thermal imaging module is transmitted back through the single-mode communication optical fiber in the periphery of the tether-optical fiber composite rope, has strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability (packet loss rate ≤0.1% near a high-voltage substation), and can support synchronous transmission of multiple channels of sensors. The ground end AI algorithm realizes intelligent defect labeling in combination with track coordinates, the system is continuously powered by 220V household power supply, does not need to replace the battery, and guarantees the continuity and precision of 8 hours of continuous inspection.

[0058] 2. Low-altitude security investigation task The system of the embodiment is also suitable for high-security security scenes such as urban key areas, border sentry posts and factory enclosures. The unmanned aerial vehicle uses the plastic optical fiber and the optical fiber composite transmission structure of the embodiment, carries a directional low-light illumination assembly, realizes controllable weak light warning and regional lighting function in low-altitude concealed flight. The light emitting end uses a lightweight adjustable RGB LED module, which is emitted after light guide through a plastic multi-mode optical fiber, and is matched with an asymmetric angle optical lens, so as to realize forward or lateral directional irradiation during flight. The ground control station adjusts the spectral wavelength and brightness level, supports one-key switching from night vision auxiliary red light (660nm) to warning blue light (470nm), and realizes dynamic scanning or flashing mode.

[0059] In terms of communication, visible light and infrared communication signals are coupled together in the same cable using different optical fibers, achieving integrated "lighting + data" transmission. Even in environments with strong interference (such as large factory areas or military communication zones), a stable high-definition video and command data channel can be maintained, with latency controlled within 50ms. Compared to traditional wireless security drone systems, this system does not require redundant batteries or high-power signal transmission modules, significantly reducing flight noise and target signature signals, improving mission stealth and endurance. The stable fiber optic light path ensures that fluctuations in aircraft attitude do not significantly affect lighting accuracy, making it suitable for flight between complex buildings or for patrolling blind spots.

[0060] This embodiment highlights the core innovative advantage of the present invention in security patrol tasks—that is, to achieve highly concealed, low-load, highly stable, and highly flexible integrated lighting and communication output through the "one fiber, two uses" method, which is especially suitable for low-altitude patrol tasks that are sensitive to sound and light interference, have complex environmental structures, and require high data security levels.

[0061] This embodiment is applicable to high-security scenarios such as key urban areas and border outposts. The system uses a tethered fiber optic composite rope to achieve integrated transmission of "lighting + communication + power supply", and the outer polyurethane protective layer has good weather resistance and concealment.

[0062] The drone's illumination output is a lightweight optical lens assembly that receives light signals from a ground-based RGB light source via a tethered fiber optic cable. This, combined with an asymmetric lens, enables directional illumination (forward / side-facing switching). The ground control station allows for one-button switching between 660nm red night vision light (covert reconnaissance) and 470nm warning blue light (deterrence and expulsion) by adjusting the current intensity of the RGB LEDs (PWM technology). Dynamic scanning or flashing modes can also be set.

[0063] Visible light and 1310nm infrared communication light are coupled into the same optical fiber through a wavelength isolation module (45° tilted Dichroic filter), maintaining stable transmission even in environments with strong electromagnetic interference (such as military communication areas), and supporting two-way interaction of high-definition video and control commands. Compared with traditional wireless UAVs, this system eliminates the need for an onboard light source and battery. Combined with a silicone elastic buffer bracket between the light output end and the fuselage (absorbing 60% of vibration), it ensures that the illumination spot offset angle is ≤±0.3° when flying between complex buildings, significantly improving stealth and mission reliability.

[0064] 3. Laser mapping and 3D modeling In this embodiment, the UAV is equipped with a rotating lidar (Livox Mid-70) and a high-resolution camera. The laser point cloud and image data are synchronously transmitted back through a single-mode communication fiber (1550nm band) in a tethered fiber-optic composite rope. The bandwidth is ≥5Gbps, and the anti-electromagnetic interference capability ensures that the signal packet loss rate is ≤0.1% in environments such as industrial plants.

[0065] The fiber optic lighting's output component employs a high color rendering optical lens. It receives white light transmitted from a ground-based RGB light source via a tethered fiber optic composite cable, and, in conjunction with a collimating lens, achieves vertical projection, adapting to the needs of auxiliary mapping in low-light environments such as nighttime or tunnels. The ground control station automatically adjusts the lighting brightness and the focal length of the output end based on the distance to the work area fed back by the lidar, ensuring uniform exposure of the surveyed target.

[0066] The system powers the lidar and camera via a conductive layer in a tethered fiber optic composite cable, supporting 24 / 7 uninterrupted operation. Its effectiveness has been verified in scenarios such as urban high-rise building facade modeling and tunnel deformation detection. Its core advantage lies in its simultaneous transmission of "optical-electrical-data" signals over a single cable, solving the problem of operational interruptions caused by battery life and wireless signal interference in traditional surveying drones.

[0067] Example 2: Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a control method for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps: Acquire real-time operational information of the drone, including location, altitude, attitude, and mission mode data; The lighting control module automatically adjusts lighting parameters based on real-time operating information, including adjusting the size and brightness of the light spot based on position and height information, compensating for the lighting angle based on attitude information, and switching lighting strategies based on task mode.

[0068] The steps involved in the above embodiment two correspond to those in embodiment one. For specific implementation details, please refer to the relevant description section of embodiment one.

[0069] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this application can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application. In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of this application is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in or transmitted through a computer-readable storage medium. The computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data processing device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, an optical medium, or a semiconductor medium, etc. The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A drone system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication, characterized in that, include: The drone, lighting module, communication module, fiber optic coupling module, tethering box, and tethering fiber optic composite rope are all included. The lighting and communication modules are integrated inside the drone and connected to the tethering box via the tethering fiber optic composite rope. The fiber optic coupling module couples the lighting and communication signals into the tethering fiber optic composite rope and separates them at the drone end. The tethering fiber optic composite rope consists of, from the inside out, a fiber optic transmission layer, a conductive layer, a reinforcing layer, and a protective layer. The fiber optic transmission layer transmits visible light for lighting and infrared light for communication, the conductive layer transmits electrical energy, the reinforcing layer provides mechanical support, and the protective layer resists external environmental corrosion.

2. The unmanned aerial vehicle system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply unit that supplies power to the drone system via a tethered box.

3. The unmanned aerial vehicle system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a lighting control module for parameter control of the lighting module.

4. The unmanned aerial vehicle system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an optical output end and an airborne optical transceiver unit, which are used for receiving and transmitting communication signals, respectively. The UAV end interface of the tethered fiber optic composite rope adopts an integrated plug to connect both the optical output end and the airborne optical transceiver unit.

5. The unmanned aerial vehicle system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tethering box is equipped with an automatic winding device, a winding device signal receiver, and a drive motor that work with the tethering fiber optic composite rope. The automatic winding device includes a metal bracket, a bracket rolling bearing, and a winding drum. The drive motor is connected to the winding drum, which is mounted on the bracket rolling bearing. The bracket rolling bearing is supported by the metal bracket. The automatic winding device is connected to the winding device signal receiver.

6. The unmanned aerial vehicle system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The optical fiber transmission layer consists of a central large-core multimode optical fiber and six peripheral single-mode communication optical fibers. The conductive layer comprises six strands of tin-plated flexible copper wire bundles, spirally twisted around the periphery of the optical fiber transmission layer. The outer layer of the copper wire bundles is wrapped with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) insulation layer, and the inner layer is bonded with an aluminum foil shielding layer. The reinforcing layer is made of bidirectional braided aramid fibers and wraps around the conductive layer. The protective layer consists of an inner nano-SiO2 waterproof coating and an outer polyurethane sheath. The optical fiber transmission layer combines large-core multimode and single-mode optical fibers to achieve "one fiber, two beams"; the conductive layer uses tin-plated copper wire bundles and an aluminum foil shielding layer to reduce electromagnetic interference; the reinforcing layer uses aramid fiber braiding to balance strength and flexibility; and the protective layer uses nano-SiO2 and a polyurethane sheath, providing weather resistance, waterproofing, and abrasion resistance.

7. The unmanned aerial vehicle system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The total diameter of the tethered fiber optic composite rope is 8-10mm, the unit weight is ≤12g / m, and the applicable length is 0.5-5km.

8. The unmanned aerial vehicle system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic coupling module includes a ground light source and a wavelength isolation module. The ground light source contains an RGB tri-color high-power LED array, and brightness adjustment is achieved through PWM technology. The wavelength isolation module integrates a 45° tilted filter.

9. The unmanned aerial vehicle system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lighting module includes a light-emitting component and an angle adjustment mechanism. The light-emitting component uses an optical lens to switch between focused light mode and floodlight mode. The angle adjustment mechanism is a universal ball structure at the bottom of the connecting device. The light-emitting component is connected to the drone body through a silicone elastic buffer bracket.

10. A control method for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system based on fiber optic integrated lighting and communication as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire real-time operational information of the drone, including location, altitude, attitude, and mission mode data; The lighting control module automatically adjusts lighting parameters based on real-time operating information, including adjusting the size and brightness of the light spot based on position and height information, compensating for the lighting angle based on attitude information, and switching lighting strategies based on task mode.

Images