Safety device for preventing lift car from falling

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety device for preventing a car from falling, which comprises a bottom buffer device mounted at the bottom of an elevator shaft so as to form protection when the elevator car falls. The side guide devices are arranged in a left group and a right group so as to decelerate and buffer the descending of the elevator car; the connecting support device is installed at the bottom of the elevator car, and when the elevator car falls, the connecting support device is matched with the side guide device so as to decelerate the elevator car; the controller is in communication connection with the bottom buffer device and the side guide device, and is used for receiving state signals of the bottom buffer device and the side guide device and controlling the action of the safety device according to the state signals; the device can realize multi-stage speed reduction buffering.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a safety device for preventing car falling. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core tool for vertical transportation, the safety of elevator operation is of great importance. Despite the multiple safety systems equipped in modern elevators, such as the speed governor-safety gear system, there is still a risk of car out-of-control falling in extreme cases (such as wire rope breakage, brake system failure, etc.). Traditional bottom buffers are usually passive hydraulic or spring devices, which only come into play when the car hits the bottom, with a huge buffering force that can still cause serious injuries to the passengers inside. In addition, the existing technology lacks effective means to provide continuous and incremental buffering during the car falling process, making it difficult to smoothly disperse the impact force throughout the braking process. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the industry for a safety device that can achieve multi-stage deceleration buffering to maximize passenger safety. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a safety device for preventing car falling that can achieve multi-stage deceleration buffering.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A safety device for preventing car falling, comprising, a bottom buffer device installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft to form protection when the elevator car falls; a side guide device provided with two groups on the left and right to form deceleration and buffering for the downward movement of the elevator car; a connecting bracket device installed at the bottom of the elevator car, which cooperates with the side guide device to form deceleration for the elevator car when the elevator car falls; a controller in communication with the bottom buffer device and the side guide device for receiving status signals and controlling the action of the safety device according to the status signals.

[0005] Preferably, the bottom buffer device includes a high-pressure oil tank, a three-way pipe, a support body, an airbag, a collision sensor, and a base plate. The base plate is fixed to the bottom of the elevator shaft. Two high-pressure oil tanks are provided, both fixedly installed through the base plate. A first connecting pipe is vertically arranged on the outside of the high-pressure oil tank. A second connecting pipe is arranged on the opposite surfaces of the two high-pressure oil tanks. The three-way pipe connects the two opposite second connecting pipes. The airbag is installed on the three-way pipe through the support body. The collision sensor is located at the bottom of the support body and is connected to the airbag through the controller. A piston is slidably installed in the upper interface of the three-way pipe. A piston rod is fixed at the upper axis of the piston. When the oil pressure in the high-pressure oil tanks on both sides increases, the piston moves upward, causing the piston rod to impact the collision sensor, thereby triggering the airbag. Each high-pressure oil tank is connected to a first pressure transmitter, which is electrically connected to the controller. A first pressure relief valve is installed at the end face of the high-pressure oil tank.

[0006] Preferably, the side guide device includes multiple vertically arranged modules, with a one-way valve installed between adjacent modules.

[0007] Preferably, the module includes a guide rail, a pipe, a second pressure transmitter, and a hydraulic buffer device. The guide rail is fixedly installed on the side wall of the elevator shaft. The upper and lower ends of the pipe are connected. A first pipe joint and a second pipe joint are provided on the side of the pipe. The second pressure transmitter is installed through the first pipe joint to detect the oil pressure in the pipe. The second pressure transmitter is electrically connected to the controller to provide real-time feedback on the oil pressure in the pipe. The hydraulic buffer device is installed through the second pipe joint and cooperates with the guide rail. The connecting bracket device decelerates the elevator car by cooperating with the hydraulic buffer device. Multiple one-way valves are provided and installed between adjacent pipes so that the oil in the upper pipe can only enter the lower pipe in one direction. A pipe plug is fixedly installed at the upper end of the top pipe. A second pressure relief valve is installed at the upper end of the first connecting pipe. The one-way valve is connected between the second pressure relief valve and the pipe so that the oil in the pipe can only move downwards in one direction.

[0008] Preferably, slots are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the guide rail. The hydraulic buffer device includes a piston cylinder, a second piston rod, a second piston, a cylinder cover, a sliding plate, a mounting bracket, and a one-way limiter. The mounting bracket is fixedly installed on the outside of the guide rail, and the slots are located on the inside of the mounting bracket. A connecting plate is fixed to the outer wall of the piston cylinder, and the connecting plate is fixedly installed with the mounting bracket. One end of the piston cylinder is fixed to the second pipe structure, and the cylinder cover is installed on the other end of the piston cylinder. The second piston rod passes through the axis of the cylinder cover, and one end of the second piston rod is inserted into the piston cylinder and fixed to the second piston. A seal is formed between the second piston and the inner wall of the piston cylinder. The other end of the second piston rod is fixed to the sliding plate. An arc-shaped contact surface is provided on the end of the sliding plate away from the second piston rod. This contact surface passes through the slot and is located on the inside of the guide rail. The one-way limiter is installed on the outside of the mounting bracket and cooperates with the sliding plate so that the sliding plate can only move in one direction toward the piston cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, grooves are provided on the upper and lower inner walls of the mounting bracket, and the slide plate is slidably engaged in the grooves. One-way teeth are machined on the upper and lower end faces of the slide plate. The one-way limiter includes a housing and a baffle. The housing is fixed to the outside of the mounting bracket, and the baffle is slidably engaged in the housing. A spring is installed inside the housing. Under the action of the spring, the baffle moves towards the slide plate. The baffle engages with the one-way teeth so that the slide plate can only move towards the piston cylinder.

[0010] Preferably, the unidirectional tooth includes a helical tooth surface and a vertical tooth surface, the vertical tooth surface facing the direction of the guide rail, the baffle acts on the vertical tooth surface when inserted to block the slide plate and restrict the slide plate from moving towards the guide rail, and when the slide plate is pressed and pushes the second piston rod to move towards the piston cylinder, the helical tooth surface pushes open the baffle.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting bracket device includes a frame plate and a support plate. The support plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the elevator car, and the frame plate is located below the support plate. Multiple guide rods are provided at the bottom of the support plate. Each guide rod passes downward through the frame plate and engages with a limit cap. A second spring is sleeved on each guide rod, acting between the frame plate and the support plate. Two partition plates are provided inside the frame plate. A mounting hole is provided laterally through the side of the frame plate, passing through both partition plates. A contact rod is mounted through the mounting hole, with one end located outside the frame plate and the other end passing inward through the partition plate. The plate has a retaining ring on the contact rod and a third spring sleeved on the contact rod. The third spring acts between the retaining ring and the partition plate. Under the action of the third spring, the outer end of the contact rod is inserted into the guide rail. When the elevator car descends, the contact rod acts between the contact surfaces on the left and right sides. A groove is machined at the inner end of the contact rod. A locking device is installed inside the frame plate. The locking device is connected to the controller. The locking device cooperates with the groove to lock the contact rod. When the contact rod retracts, it is locked by the locking device to prevent the contact rod from contacting the contact surface.

[0012] Preferably, the locking device includes an electromagnet, a locking fork, a fourth spring, and a second guide rod. The electromagnet is fixed inside the frame plate and located between the two partition plates. The locking fork has two fork plates, and the ends of the fork plates are provided with locking holes that cooperate with the locking slot. The second guide rod is fixed to the outer end face of the locking fork. Two or more second guide rods are arranged in parallel. After passing through the frame plate, the two or more second guide rods are fitted with a second limiting cap. The fourth spring is sleeved on the second guide rod and acts between the frame plate and the second limiting cap. Under the action of the fourth spring, the locking hole separates from the locking slot. A magnetic suction plate is provided at the inner end face of the locking fork. The magnetic suction plate passes between the contact rods on both sides and is magnetically attracted by the electromagnet. When the magnetic suction plate is magnetically attracted, the fourth spring is in a compressed state, and the locking hole cooperates with the locking slot.

[0013] Preferably, an emergency switch is installed inside the elevator car, and the emergency switch is connected to the controller to control the electromagnet.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Multi-level linkage protection for high safety: This invention constructs a dual safety protection system consisting of "lateral deceleration" and "bottom cushioning". The side guide device begins to work during the car's descent, consuming the kinetic energy of the fall through progressively increasing hydraulic resistance; even if the process fails to fully brake, the bottom airbag can still provide final cushioning, greatly improving safety redundancy.

[0015] Incremental and smooth deceleration with minimal impact: Through a unique hydraulic system and one-way valve design, the more hydraulic buffer devices are compressed during the car's descent, the higher the system oil pressure, and the greater the braking force provided. This incremental "soft to hard" buffering can more smoothly offset the impact force, effectively avoiding the huge impact caused by the instantaneous rigid braking of traditional devices, and better protecting the occupants and equipment inside the car.

[0016] Modular structure and strong adaptability: The side guide device is composed of multiple vertically assembled modules, which can flexibly adjust the installation length according to the depth of different elevator shafts. It is highly versatile and easy to implement and standardize in existing and new buildings.

[0017] Active triggering and rapid response: The contact rod in the connecting bracket device is controlled by an electromagnet and a locking device. During normal operation, it is in the retracted state and does not affect elevator operation. Once the system loses power or the emergency switch is triggered, it can instantly pop out and cooperate with the side guide device, with fast response and high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the bottom buffer device; Figure 3 This is the front view of the bottom buffer device; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the module; Figure 5 This is a magnified view of point A; Figure 6 This is a magnified view of point B; Figure 7 This is a top view of the connecting bracket assembly; Figure 8 This is the front view of the connecting bracket assembly; Figure 9 This is a top view of the frame plate; Figure 10 This is a 3D view of the locking fork.

[0020] Figure reference numerals: The main components of the safety device include: a bottom buffer device 1, a side guide device 2, a connecting bracket device 3, and a controller; the bottom buffer device 1 includes: a high-pressure resistant oil tank 11, a three-way pipe 12, a bracket body 13, an airbag 14, a collision sensor 15, a base plate 16, a piston rod 17, a first pressure transmitter 18, a first pressure relief valve 19, a first connecting pipe 110, a second connecting pipe 111, and a second pressure relief valve 112; the side guide device 2 includes: a module 21 and a one-way valve 22; the module 21 includes: a guide rail 210, a pipe 211, a second pressure transmitter 212, a hydraulic buffer device 23, a first pipe joint 214, a second pipe joint 215, and a pipe plug 216; the hydraulic buffer device 23 includes: a piston cylinder 230 and a second piston rod 210. 31. Second piston 232, cylinder cover 233, slide plate 234, mounting bracket 235, one-way limiter 24, connecting plate 236, contact surface 237, slide groove 238, one-way tooth 239; one-way tooth 239 includes: helical tooth surface 2390, vertical tooth surface 2391; one-way limiter 24 includes: outer shell 241, baffle 242, spring 243; connecting bracket device 3 includes: frame plate 31, frame plate 32, guide rod 33, limit cap 34, second spring 35, partition 36, contact rod 37, retaining ring 38, third spring 39, slot 310; locking device includes: electromagnet 51, locking fork 52, fourth spring 53, second guide rod 54, fork plate 55, slot 56, second limit cap 57, magnetic suction plate 58. Detailed Implementation

[0021] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0022] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features for a similar purpose, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "one end", "the other end", "outer side", "upper", "inner side", "horizontal", "coaxial", "center", "end", "length", "outer end", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "socket," "connect," "through," and "plug-in" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] See Figure 1 A safety device for preventing a car from falling, as shown, includes, Bottom buffer device 1, which is installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft to provide protection in the event of a fall of the elevator car; Side guide device 2, which is provided with two sets, left and right, to decelerate and buffer the downward movement of the elevator car; The connecting bracket device 3 is installed at the bottom of the elevator car. When the elevator car falls, the connecting bracket device 3 cooperates with the side guide device 2 to decelerate the elevator car. The controller is communicatively connected to the bottom buffer device 1 and the side guide device 2, and is used to receive their status signals and control the operation of the safety device according to the status signals.

[0027] See Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the bottom buffer device 1 includes a high-pressure resistant oil tank 11, a three-way pipe 12, a support body 13, an airbag 14, a collision sensor 15, and a base plate 16. The base plate 16 is fixed to the bottom of the elevator shaft. Two high-pressure resistant oil tanks 11 are provided, both of which are fixedly installed through the base plate 16. A first connecting pipe 110 is vertically arranged on the outside of the high-pressure resistant oil tank 11, and a second connecting pipe 111 is arranged on the opposite surfaces of the two high-pressure resistant oil tanks 11. The three-way pipe 12 connects the two opposite second connecting pipes 111. The airbag 14 is installed on the three-way pipe 12 through the support body 13. The collision sensor... The collision sensor 15 is located at the bottom of the support body 13. The collision sensor 15 is connected to the airbag 14 through the controller. A piston is slidably installed in the upper end interface of the three-way pipe 12. A piston rod 17 is fixed at the upper end axis of the piston. When the oil pressure in the high-pressure oil tanks 11 on both sides increases, the piston moves upward, causing the piston rod 17 to move upward and impact the collision sensor 15, so that the airbag 14 is activated. Each high-pressure oil tank 11 is connected to a first pressure transmitter 18. The first pressure transmitter 18 is electrically connected to the controller. A first pressure relief valve 19 is installed at the end face of the high-pressure oil tank 11.

[0028] In the above technical solution, when the elevator car rail clamp fails and causes the elevator car to fall, the oil in the side guide device 2 is squeezed into the high-pressure oil tank 11, which pushes the piston upward. As a result, the piston rod 17 moves upward and hits the collision sensor 15. The collision sensor 15 triggers the safety airbag 14 through the controller. The safety airbag 14 expands rapidly and forms a buffer at the bottom of the elevator car.

[0029] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the side guide device 2 includes multiple modules 21 arranged vertically, and a one-way valve 22 is installed between two adjacent modules 21.

[0030] The use of vertically assembleable module 21 allows for the construction of a suitable length based on the depth of the elevator shaft.

[0031] When using this device, the distance between the bottom of the elevator shaft and the doorway of the lowest floor needs to be more than 4 meters.

[0032] The elevator car is decelerated via module 21.

[0033] The design of the one-way valve 22 ensures that the oil in the module 21 can only be squeezed downwards.

[0034] See Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, module 21 includes a guide rail 210, a pipe 211, a second pressure transmitter 212, and a hydraulic buffer device 23. The guide rail 210 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the elevator shaft. The upper and lower ends of the pipe 211 are connected. A first pipe joint 214 and a second pipe joint 215 are provided on the side of the pipe 211. The second pressure transmitter 212 is installed through the first pipe joint 214 to detect the oil pressure in the pipe 211. The second pressure transmitter 212 is electrically connected to the controller to provide real-time feedback on the oil pressure in the pipe 211. The hydraulic buffer device 23 is installed through the second pipe joint 215 and is connected to the... The guide rail 210 is engaged, and the connecting bracket device 3 decelerates as the elevator car falls by cooperating with the hydraulic buffer device 23. Multiple one-way valves 22 are provided, and the one-way valves 22 are installed between adjacent pipes 211 so that the oil in the upper pipe 211 can only enter the lower pipe 211 in one direction. A pipe plug 216 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the top pipe 211. A second pressure relief valve 112 is installed at the upper end of the first connecting pipe 110. The one-way valve 22 is connected between the second pressure relief valve 112 and the pipe 211 so that the oil in the pipe 211 can only move downward in one direction.

[0035] In the above technical solution, through the design of the second pressure relief valve 112, the oil can only enter the high-pressure oil tank 11 after passing through the check valve 22 when the pressure in the pipeline 211 reaches the pressure relief value of the second pressure relief valve 112.

[0036] As the elevator car falls, it will gradually press down on the hydraulic buffer device 23. Since the pressure relief buffer device 23 can only move in one direction, the oil pressure in the pipe 211 will gradually increase when the elevator car falls, until the second pressure relief valve 112 is opened.

[0037] As the elevator car descends, it sequentially compresses the hydraulic buffer device 23 above. Due to the action of the one-way valve 22, the oil in the pipe 211 cannot flow back upwards, causing the oil pressure in the system to gradually accumulate during the compression process. Therefore, the further down the elevator car goes, the greater the force required to push the hydraulic buffer device 23 open, and the braking force it provides also increases step by step, thereby achieving a smooth and progressively increasing deceleration effect.

[0038] See Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, symmetrical slots are provided on both sides of the guide rail 210. The hydraulic buffer device 23 includes a piston cylinder 230, a second piston rod 231, a second piston 232, a cylinder cover 233, a sliding plate 234, a mounting bracket 235, and a one-way limiter 24. The mounting bracket 235 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the guide rail 210, and the slots are located on the inner side of the mounting bracket 235. A connecting plate 236 is fixed to the outer wall of the piston cylinder 230. The connecting plate 236 is fixedly installed to the mounting bracket 235. One end of the piston cylinder 230 is fixed to the second pipe structure 215, and the cylinder cover 233 is installed on the other end of the piston cylinder 230. The second piston rod 231 passes through... The second piston rod 231 passes through the axis of the cylinder cover 233, and one end is inserted into the piston cylinder 230. This end is fixed to the second piston 232, and a seal is formed between the second piston 232 and the inner wall of the piston cylinder 230. The other end of the second piston rod 231 is fixed to the slide plate 234. The end of the slide plate 234 away from the second piston rod 231 is provided with an arc-shaped contact surface 237. This contact surface 237 passes through the slot and is located inside the guide rail 210. The one-way limiter 24 is installed on the outside of the mounting bracket 235 and cooperates with the slide plate 234 so that the slide plate 234 can only move in one direction toward the piston cylinder 230.

[0039] In the above technical solution, the one-way limiter 24 makes the second piston rod 231 move only in one direction toward the piston cylinder 230, so that the more hydraulic buffer devices 23 the elevator car passes through when it falls, the greater the oil pressure in the pipe 211.

[0040] The design adopts an arc-shaped contact surface 237, with the two opposing sliding plates 234 in contact with each other or maintaining a small gap. Subsequently, when the connecting bracket device 3 falls with the elevator car, it will push the sliding plates 234 on both sides apart, achieving the technical effect of deceleration.

[0041] See Figure 6 As shown, grooves 238 are correspondingly provided on the upper and lower inner walls of the mounting bracket 235. The slide plate 234 is slidably engaged in the grooves 238. One-way teeth 239 are machined on the upper and lower end faces of the slide plate 235. The one-way limiter 24 includes a housing 241 and a baffle 242. The housing 241 is fixed to the outside of the mounting bracket 235. The baffle 242 is slidably engaged in the housing 241. A spring 243 is installed inside the housing 241. Under the action of the spring 243, the baffle 242 moves toward the slide plate 235. The baffle 242 cooperates with the one-way teeth 239 so that the slide plate 235 can only move toward the piston cylinder 230.

[0042] The slide 238 guides the displacement of the slide plate 234.

[0043] The design of the one-way tooth 239 provides a one-way limit to the slide plate 234 when the outer shell 241 is not actively opened, so that the slide plate 234 can only move in the direction of the piston cylinder 230.

[0044] See Figure 6 As shown, the unidirectional tooth 239 includes a helical tooth surface 2390 and a vertical tooth surface 2391. The vertical tooth surface 2391 faces the guide rail 210. When the baffle 242 is inserted, it acts on the vertical tooth surface 2391 to block the slide plate 234 and restrict the slide plate 235 from moving towards the guide rail 210. When the slide plate 235 is pressed and pushes the second piston rod 231 to move towards the piston cylinder 230, the helical tooth surface 2390 pushes open the baffle 242.

[0045] The vertical tooth surface 2391 serves as a limit, while the helical tooth surface 2390 serves as a guide.

[0046] See Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the connecting bracket device 3 includes a frame plate 31 and a frame plate 32. The frame plate 32 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the elevator car, and the frame plate 31 is located below the frame plate 32. Multiple guide rods 33 are provided at the bottom of the frame plate 32. The guide rods 33 pass downward through the frame plate 31 and are fitted with limit caps 34. A second spring 35 is sleeved on the guide rod 33, and the second spring 35 acts between the frame plate 31 and the frame plate 32. Two partition plates 36 are provided inside the frame plate 31. A mounting hole is provided laterally through the side of the frame plate 31, passing through both partition plates 36. A contact rod 37 is assembled through the mounting hole, with one end of the contact rod 37 located outside the frame plate 31 and the other end passing inward through the partition plate. 36. A retaining ring 38 is provided on the contact rod 37, and a third spring 39 is sleeved on the contact rod 37. The third spring 39 acts between the retaining ring 38 and the partition plate 36. Under the action of the third spring 39, the outer end of the contact rod 37 is inserted into the guide rail 210. When the elevator car descends, the contact rod 37 acts between the contact surfaces 237 on the left and right sides. A slot 310 is machined at the inner end of the contact rod 37. A locking device is installed inside the frame plate 31. The locking device is connected to the controller. The locking device cooperates with the slot 310 to lock the contact rod 37. When the contact rod 37 retracts, it is locked by the locking device to prevent the contact rod 37 from contacting the contact surface 237.

[0047] In the above technical solution, the second spring 35 is always in a compressed state and also has a compression stroke.

[0048] In the above technical solution, the diameter of the contact rod 37 is larger than the distance between the two opposing sliding plates 234. When the elevator car falls rapidly, the locking device is de-energized and unlocked, causing the contact rod 37 to pop out rapidly under the action of the third spring 39. As the elevator car falls to near the bottom of the building, the contact rod 37 contacts the sliding plate 234, and the sliding plate 234 blocks the contact rod 37, thereby producing a deceleration effect.

[0049] When the contact rod 37 moves downward, it will push open the sliding plates 234 on both sides. When it is pushed open, the impact on the elevator car is absorbed by the compression of the third spring 39, thereby reducing the injury to the people inside the car during deceleration.

[0050] As the contact rod 37 gradually moves downward, the sliding plate 234 is pushed open in sequence, and the resistance required to push it open each time gradually increases (due to the increase in oil pressure in the pipe 211) until the downward movement of the contact rod 37 can no longer push open the sliding plates 234 on both sides, at which point the fall prevention for the elevator car is completed.

[0051] If the elevator falls at a high speed, causing the slide plate 234 to fail to brake, the increased pressure in the pipe 211 will open the second pressure relief valve, causing the piston rod 17 to move upward and activate the safety airbag for final bottom cushioning.

[0052] See Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the locking device includes an electromagnet 51, a locking fork 52, a fourth spring 53, and a second guide rod 54. The electromagnet 51 is fixed inside the frame plate 31 and located between the two partition plates 36. The locking fork 52 has two fork plates 55, and the ends of the fork plates 55 are provided with locking holes 56 that cooperate with the locking groove 310. The second guide rod 54 is fixed at the outer end face of the locking fork 52. Two or more second guide rods 54 are arranged in parallel. After passing through the frame plate 31, the two or more second guide rods 54 cooperate with a second limit. The cap 57, the fourth spring 53 is sleeved on the second guide rod 54 and acts between the frame plate 31 and the second limiting cap 57. Under the action of the fourth spring 53, the locking hole 56 separates from the locking groove 310. A magnetic suction plate 58 is provided at the inner end face of the locking fork 52. The magnetic suction plate 58 passes between the contact rods 37 on both sides and is magnetically attracted by the electromagnet 51. When the magnetic suction plate 58 is magnetically attracted, the fourth spring 53 is in a compressed state, and the locking hole 56 cooperates with the locking groove 310.

[0053] An emergency switch is installed inside the elevator car, and the emergency switch is connected to the controller to control the electromagnet 51.

[0054] In the above technical solution, when the elevator is powered off, the electromagnet 51 loses its magnetism after being de-energized, causing the locking fork 52 to reset under the rebound action of the fourth spring 53, thereby separating the locking fork 52 from the contact rod 37, completing the unlocking of the contact rod 37. The contact rod 37 pops out under the action of the third spring 39 and contacts the slide plate 234 to complete the deceleration action.

[0055] If the elevator is not powered off and the elevator car is falling, you can press the emergency switch inside the car. The emergency switch is connected to the elevator's braking system. After pressing the emergency switch, the elevator's braking system will be activated, and at the same time, the controller will also de-energize the electromagnet, providing a double protection effect.

[0056] In addition, the controller is also connected to the alarm system in the monitoring room. When the controller receives a trigger signal from the emergency switch or detects an abnormal state, it will immediately trigger an alarm so that monitoring personnel can be informed of the situation in a timely manner, confirm the safety of the people in the car, and notify maintenance personnel to handle the situation and reset the system.

[0057] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A safety device for preventing a car from falling, characterized in that: include, Bottom buffer device (1), which is installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft to provide protection in the event of a fall of the elevator car; Side guide device (2), the side guide device (2) is provided with two sets, left and right, to decelerate and buffer the downward movement of the elevator car; The connecting bracket device (3) is installed at the bottom of the elevator car. When the elevator car falls, the connecting bracket device (3) cooperates with the side guide device (2) to decelerate the elevator car. The controller is communicatively connected to the bottom buffer device (1) and the side guide device (2) for receiving their status signals and controlling the operation of the safety device according to the status signals.

2. The safety device for preventing the car from falling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom buffer device (1) includes a high-pressure oil tank (11), a three-way pipe (12), a support body (13), an airbag (14), a collision sensor (15), and a base plate (16). The base plate (16) is fixed to the bottom of the elevator shaft. There are two high-pressure oil tanks (11), both of which are fixedly installed through the base plate (16). A first connecting pipe (110) is vertically installed on the outside of the high-pressure oil tank (11), and a second connecting pipe (111) is installed on the opposite surface of the two high-pressure oil tanks (11). The three-way pipe (12) is connected between the two opposite second connecting pipes (111). The airbag (14) is installed on the three-way pipe (12) through the support body (13). The sensor (15) is located at the bottom of the support body (13). The collision sensor (15) is connected to the airbag (14) through the controller. A piston is slidably installed in the upper end interface of the three-way pipe (12). A piston rod (17) is fixed at the upper end axis of the piston. When the oil pressure in the high-pressure oil tanks (11) on both sides increases, the piston moves upward, causing the piston rod (17) to impact the collision sensor (15) after moving upward, so that the airbag (14) is activated. Each high-pressure oil tank (11) is connected to a first pressure transmitter (18). The first pressure transmitter (18) is electrically connected to the controller. A first pressure relief valve (19) is installed at the end face of the high-pressure oil tank (11).

3. The safety device for preventing the car from falling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side guide device (2) includes multiple vertically arranged modules (21), and a one-way valve (22) is installed between two adjacent modules (21).

4. The safety device for preventing the car from falling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The module (21) includes a guide rail (210), a pipe (211), a second pressure transmitter (212), and a hydraulic buffer device (23). The guide rail (210) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the elevator shaft. The upper and lower ends of the pipe (211) are connected. A first pipe joint (214) and a second pipe joint (215) are provided on the side of the pipe (211). The second pressure transmitter (212) is installed through the first pipe joint (214) to detect the oil pressure in the pipe (211). The second pressure transmitter (212) is electrically connected to the controller to provide real-time feedback on the oil pressure in the pipe (211). The hydraulic buffer device (23) is installed through the second pipe joint (215) and connected to the guide rail (210). The rail (210) is engaged, and the connecting bracket device (3) decelerates when the elevator car falls by cooperating with the hydraulic buffer device (23); multiple one-way valves (22) are provided, and the one-way valves (22) are installed between adjacent pipes (211) so that the oil in the upper pipe (211) can only enter the lower pipe (211) in one direction. The upper end of the pipe (211) at the top is fixedly installed with a pipe plug (216), and the upper end of the first connecting pipe (110) is installed with a second pressure relief valve (112). The one-way valve (22) is connected between the second pressure relief valve (112) and the pipe (211) so that the oil in the pipe (211) can only move downward in one direction.

5. The safety device for preventing the car from falling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide rail (210) has symmetrical slots on both sides. The hydraulic buffer device (23) includes a piston cylinder (230), a second piston rod (231), a second piston (232), a cylinder cover (233), a sliding plate (234), a mounting bracket (235), and a one-way limiter (24). The mounting bracket (235) is fixedly placed on the outside of the guide rail (210), and the slots are located on the inside of the mounting bracket (235). A connecting plate (236) is fixed to the outer wall of the piston cylinder (230). The connecting plate (236) is fixedly installed to the mounting bracket (235). One end of the piston cylinder (230) is fixed to the second pipe structure (215), and the cylinder cover (233) is installed on the other end of the piston cylinder (230). The second piston rod (231) is fixed to the second pipe structure (215). The second piston rod (231) passes through the axis of the cylinder cover (233), and one end of the second piston rod (231) is inserted into the piston cylinder (230). This end is fixed to the second piston (232), and a seal is formed between the second piston (232) and the inner wall of the piston cylinder (230). The other end of the second piston rod (231) is fixed to the slide plate (234). The end of the slide plate (234) away from the second piston rod (231) is provided with an arc-shaped contact surface (237). The contact surface (237) passes through the slot and is located inside the guide rail (210). The one-way limiter (24) is installed on the outside of the mounting bracket (235) and cooperates with the slide plate (234) so ​​that the slide plate (234) can only move in one direction toward the piston cylinder (230).

6. The safety device for preventing the car from falling according to claim 5, characterized in that: Slide grooves (238) are provided on the upper and lower inner walls of the mounting bracket (235). The slide plate (234) is slidably engaged in the slide grooves (238). One-way teeth (239) are machined on the upper and lower end faces of the slide plate (235). The one-way limiter (24) includes a housing (241) and a baffle (242). The housing (241) is fixed to the outside of the mounting bracket (235). The baffle (242) is slidably engaged in the housing (241). A spring (243) is installed inside the housing (241). Under the action of the spring (243), the baffle (242) moves toward the slide plate (235). The baffle (242) engages with the one-way teeth (239) so that the slide plate (235) can only move toward the piston cylinder (230).

7. The safety device for preventing the car from falling according to claim 6, characterized in that: The one-way tooth (239) includes a helical tooth surface (2390) and a vertical tooth surface (2391). The vertical tooth surface (2391) faces the guide rail (210). When the baffle (242) is inserted, it acts on the vertical tooth surface (2391) to block the slide plate (235) and restrict the slide plate (235) from moving towards the guide rail (210). When the slide plate (235) is pressed and pushes the second piston rod (231) to move towards the piston cylinder (230), the helical tooth surface (2390) pushes open the baffle (242).

8. The safety device for preventing the car from falling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting bracket device (3) includes a frame plate (31) and a frame plate (32). The frame plate (32) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the elevator car. The frame plate (31) is located below the frame plate (32). Multiple guide rods (33) are provided at the bottom of the frame plate (32). The guide rods (33) pass downward through the frame plate (31) and are fitted with limit caps (34). A second spring (35) is sleeved on the guide rod (33). The second spring (35) acts between the frame plate (31) and the frame plate (32). Two partition plates (36) are provided inside the frame plate (31). A mounting hole is provided horizontally through the side of the frame plate (31). The mounting hole passes through the two partition plates (36). A contact rod (37) is assembled through the mounting hole. One end of the contact rod (37) is located outside the frame plate (31), and the other end passes inward through the partition plate. (36) A retaining ring (38) is provided on the contact rod (37), and a third spring (39) is sleeved on the contact rod (37). The third spring (39) acts between the retaining ring (38) and the partition plate (36). Under the action of the third spring (39), the outer end of the contact rod (37) is inserted into the guide rail (210). When the elevator car is descending, the contact rod (37) acts between the contact surfaces (237) on the left and right sides. A slot (310) is machined at the inner end of the contact rod (37). A locking device is installed inside the frame plate (31). The locking device is connected to the controller. The locking device cooperates with the slot (310) to lock the contact rod (37). When the contact rod (37) retracts, it is locked by the locking device to avoid contact between the contact rod (37) and the contact surface (237).

9. The safety device for preventing the car from falling according to claim 8, characterized in that: The locking device includes an electromagnet (51), a locking fork (52), a fourth spring (53), and a second guide rod (54). The electromagnet (51) is fixed inside the frame plate (31) and located between the two partition plates (36). The locking fork (52) has two fork plates (55), and the ends of the fork plates (55) are provided with locking holes (56) that cooperate with the slot (310). The second guide rod (54) is fixed at the outer end face of the locking fork (52). Two or more second guide rods (54) are arranged in parallel. After passing through the frame plate (31), the two or more second guide rods (54) are fitted with a second limiting cap. 57), the fourth spring (53) is sleeved on the second guide rod (54) and acts between the frame plate (31) and the second limit cap (57). Under the action of the fourth spring (53), the card hole (56) separates from the card groove (310). A magnetic suction plate (58) is provided at the inner end face of the locking fork (52). The magnetic suction plate (58) passes between the contact rods (37) on both sides and is magnetically attracted by the electromagnet (51). When the magnetic suction plate (58) is magnetically attracted, the fourth spring (53) is in a compressed state, and the card hole (56) cooperates with the card groove (310).

10. The safety device for preventing the car from falling according to claim 9, characterized in that: An emergency switch is installed inside the elevator car, and the emergency switch is connected to the controller to control the electromagnet (51).

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