Cement-based anticorrosive and anti-freezing material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a cement-based anticorrosion and antifreezing material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building materials. The cement-based anticorrosion and antifreezing material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 250-350 parts of cement, 80-150 parts of modified fly ash, 50-100 parts of mineral powder, 20-40 parts of silica fume, 10-25 parts of glue powder, 3-8 parts of water reducing agent, 10-30 parts of acrylic emulsion, 1-3 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, 2-5 parts of fumed silica and 400-500 parts of fine aggregate. The modified fly ash is used in combination with various auxiliary cementitious materials such as the mineral powder and the silica fume, thereby forming an efficient pozzolanic reaction system. Meanwhile, polymers such as the acrylic emulsion and the glue powder are introduced, a flexible network is constructed in the inorganic hard skeleton, rigidity and flexibility are achieved in combination, and auxiliary agents such as the efficient water reducing agent and the cellulose ether are used, so that the material not only has good anticorrosion and antifreezing performance after hardening, but also has excellent workability, water retention and adhesion in the construction process, and is suitable for various construction process requirements, and has good engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building materials technology, specifically to a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Cement-based materials are widely used in water conservancy, transportation, and civil construction, but traditional concrete is prone to deterioration due to freeze-thaw cycles, chloride ion erosion, or sulfate corrosion in harsh environments such as cold, salt spray, or chemical corrosion. Freeze-thaw damage originates from water seeping into the pores and expanding upon freezing, leading to internal stress cracking; while corrosive media (such as chloride ions) can cause further deterioration. - SO4 2- It will damage the cement hydration products and corrode the steel bars, significantly shortening the structural life.

[0003] Current concrete antifreeze measures typically focus on introducing micro-air bubbles into the concrete using air-entraining agents to buffer frost heave pressure or increasing the concrete's density. However, these methods have limited effectiveness under extreme low temperatures and frequent freeze-thaw cycles. In frigid regions, de-icing agents (mostly chloride salts) are commonly used to ensure winter transportation. Meanwhile, soil and groundwater may be rich in corrosive ions such as sulfates. These ions can penetrate the concrete, reacting chemically with cement hydration products to generate expansive corrosion products (such as ettringite and gypsum) or causing steel reinforcement corrosion. This chemical corrosion not only causes concrete cracking and softening but also leads to cracking and spalling of the protective layer due to the expansion of the corroded steel reinforcement, seriously threatening structural safety.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN114014612A discloses a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze mortar and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of P.O42.5 cement, 2-5 parts of ultrafine silica powder, 2-5 parts of granulated blast furnace slag, 3-5 parts of secondary fly ash, 35-60 parts of quartz sand, 0.3-1 part of high-elastic modulus fiber, 0.5-1 part of high-performance water-reducing agent, 2-6 parts of natural inorganic nanomaterials, and nano-SiO2. The invention comprises 0.1-1 parts of cellulose ether, 0.1-0.5 parts of troweling agent, 0.1-0.5 parts of defoamer, and 5-10 parts of acrylic-modified cementitious anti-corrosion and antifreeze polymer emulsion. Its beneficial effects are as follows: This invention combines acrylic-modified cementitious anti-corrosion and antifreeze polymer emulsion with cementitious materials, enabling the cementitious materials to retain their original properties while simultaneously possessing crack resistance, waterproofing, seepage prevention, high fatigue resistance, and anti-corrosion and antifreeze properties, thus broadening the application range of materials for treating engineering defects. This patent involves a simple physical blending of traditional acrylic emulsion with conventional mineral admixtures. The poor interfacial compatibility between the components results in a protective mechanism that remains merely at the passive physical filling level, posing a potential risk to long-term durability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to propose a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material and its preparation method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material, comprising the following components by weight: 250-350 parts cement, 80-150 parts modified fly ash, 50-100 parts mineral powder, 20-40 parts silica fume, 10-25 parts adhesive powder, 3-8 parts water-reducing agent, 10-30 parts acrylic emulsion, 1-3 parts hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, 2-5 parts fumed silica, and 400-500 parts fine aggregate.

[0007] Preferably, the cement is ordinary Portland cement.

[0008] Preferably, the method for preparing the modified fly ash includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Add fly ash to anhydrous ethanol, sonicate, centrifuge, wash and dry, then add to NaOH aqueous solution, stir evenly, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain hydroxylated fly ash;

[0010] (2) Disperse hydroxylated fly ash into toluene, then add dodecenyl succinic acid, oleic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and heat to react to obtain organic fly ash;

[0011] (3) Add the organic fly ash to N,N-dimethylformamide, add apigenin isoglycyrrhizin and ammonium persulfate, and heat the mixture to obtain modified fly ash.

[0012] More preferably, in step (1), the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-30 min, the NaOH aqueous solution concentration is 15-30 wt%, and the stirring conditions are stirring at 50-100 r / min for 30-90 min; the ratio of fly ash to NaOH aqueous solution is 10 g: 30-50 mL.

[0013] In this step, the fly ash is first ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol to effectively remove adsorbed organic impurities and loose particles from the surface. Then, the fly ash is hydroxylated with NaOH aqueous solution, which roughens the micropores on the fly ash surface, increases the specific surface area, and forms a more developed porous structure by dissolving the amorphous phase. At the same time, it exposes abundant silanol and aluminol active sites, providing sufficient reaction sites for subsequent reactions.

[0014] More preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of hydroxylated fly ash, dodecenyl succinic acid, oleic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid is 10:2-5:1-3:0.1-0.5; the heating reaction temperature is 80-110℃ and the reaction time is 2-4h.

[0015] In this step, the hydroxyl groups in the hydroxylated fly ash react with oleic acid, introducing dodecenyl succinic acid and oleic acid, which have hydrophobic and flexible long chains, onto the fly ash. This forms a hydrophobic layer on the fly ash surface, blocking moisture and Cl-. - SO4 2- It can penetrate corrosive media, delay the corrosion of steel bars and the chemical erosion of cement matrix, reduce surface energy, inhibit ice crystal nucleation and frost heave stress damage, and introduce carbon-carbon double bonds.

[0016] More preferably, in step (3), the mass ratio of organic fly ash, apigenin isoglycyrrhizin and ammonium persulfate is 10:0.5-2:0.05-2; the heating reaction temperature is 60-80℃ and the reaction time is 1-3h.

[0017] In this step, apigenin reacts with carbon-carbon double bonds to immobilize apigenin on fly ash. The numerous phenolic hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure have the ability to chelate calcium ions. The formation of insoluble calcium chelates interferes with cement hydration, providing more nucleation sites for the growth of calcium silicate hydrate gel. This provides a richer and more uniform substrate for the subsequent growth of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel, thereby optimizing the microstructure of the cement paste and forming a denser microstructure with fewer defects. This not only significantly improves the compressive strength and toughness of the material by effectively transferring stress, but also chemically hinders the intrusion of corrosive media such as water, chloride ions, and sulfate ions, thus endowing cement-based materials with excellent corrosion resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, and other durability properties. Simultaneously, the homogenized microstructure slows down the rate of moisture evaporation, effectively inhibiting drying shrinkage and plastic cracking, ensuring the volume stability and long-term service reliability of the material.

[0018] Preferably, the water-reducing agent is at least one of lignin sulfonate water-reducing agents, naphthalene-based water-reducing agents, melamine-based water-reducing agents, aminosulfonate-based water-reducing agents, fatty acid-based water-reducing agents, and polycarboxylate-based water-reducing agents.

[0019] Preferably, the fine aggregate is one of river sand, sea sand, manufactured sand, and quartz sand.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Weigh each raw material according to the formula, mix cement, modified fly ash, mineral powder, silica fume, adhesive powder, fumed silica and fine aggregate evenly, then add water-reducing agent, acrylic emulsion, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether and water, and continue to mix evenly to obtain cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1) This invention provides a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material and its preparation method. Modified fly ash is combined with various auxiliary cementitious materials such as mineral powder and silica fume to form a highly efficient pozzolanic reaction system. At the same time, polymers such as acrylic emulsion and adhesive powder are introduced to construct a flexible network in an inorganic rigid skeleton, achieving a balance between rigidity and flexibility. With the addition of high-efficiency water-reducing agents, cellulose ethers and other additives, the material not only has excellent anti-corrosion, antifreeze, high strength and crack resistance after hardening, but also ensures that it has excellent workability, water retention and adhesion during construction, adapting to various construction process requirements and having great engineering application value.

[0024] 2) This invention significantly improves the interfacial compatibility and bonding strength between fly ash and cementitious matrix, as well as organic polymers such as adhesive powder and acrylic emulsion, by modifying fly ash. The preparation process first involves introducing active amino groups onto the fly ash surface, and then introducing hydrophobic, flexible long-chain dodecenyl succinic acid and oleic acid onto the fly ash. This forms a hydrophobic layer on the fly ash surface, blocking moisture and Cl-. - SO4 2- It can slow down the corrosion of steel bars and the chemical erosion of cement matrix by allowing corrosive media to penetrate, while reducing surface energy, inhibiting ice crystal nucleation and frost heave stress damage. Finally, it fixes apigenin onto fly ash, which optimizes the microstructure of cement stone. It can not only significantly improve the compressive strength and toughness of the material by effectively transferring stress, but also physically prevent the invasion of corrosive media such as water, chloride ions, and sulfate ions, further improving the material's corrosion resistance, freeze-thaw resistance and other durability properties.

[0025] 3) This invention transforms inexpensive industrial solid waste fly ash into the core functional component of high-performance building materials, which not only greatly improves the corrosion resistance and frost resistance of infrastructure in harsh environments such as extreme cold and saline-alkali, thereby significantly extending the structural life and greatly reducing the high maintenance costs throughout the entire life cycle, but also realizes the transformation of industrial waste into treasure, effectively reducing the amount of cement used and its associated carbon emissions, and providing key material guarantees for safety and reliability in extreme environments, which has profound economic value, social significance and environmental benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To avoid unnecessary details, unless otherwise specified, all items used in the following examples are commercially available products, and all methods used are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0027] The sources of some of the raw materials used in this invention are as follows:

[0028] The cement, purchased from Hubei Yadong Co., Ltd., is grade P·O 42.5 with a specific surface area of ​​360 m². 2 / kg, standard consistency water consumption 0.26.

[0029] Acrylic emulsion, brand NEW SANDA, model 2000, purchased from Hebei Yanbang Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0030] Polycarboxylate superplasticizer, model 1903, purchased from Nanjing Xinyi Synthetic Technology Co., Ltd.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for preparing a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material includes the following steps:

[0033] Mix 300g of ordinary silicate PO 425 cement, 120g of modified fly ash, 80g of mineral powder, 30g of silica fume, 18g of adhesive powder, 3g of fumed silica and 450g of fine aggregate evenly. Then add 6g of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 20g of acrylic emulsion, 2g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether and 150g of water and continue to mix evenly to obtain cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material.

[0034] The method for preparing the modified fly ash includes the following steps:

[0035] (1) Add 200g of fly ash to 1000mL of anhydrous ethanol, sonicate for 20min, centrifuge, wash and dry, then add to 800mL of 20wt% NaOH aqueous solution, stir at 80r / min for 60min, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain hydroxylated fly ash;

[0036] (2) Disperse 150g of hydroxylated fly ash into 800mL of toluene, then add 60g of dodecenyl succinic acid, 30g of oleic acid and 4.5g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heat at 100℃ for 3h, filter, collect the solid, wash and dry to obtain organic fly ash.

[0037] (3) Add 100g of organic fly ash to 600mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, add 10g of apigenin isoglycyrrhizin and 5g of ammonium persulfate, heat to 70℃ and react for 2h, filter, collect the solid, wash and dry to obtain modified fly ash.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A method for preparing a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material includes the following steps:

[0040] Mix 250g of ordinary silicate PO 425 cement, 80g of modified fly ash, 50g of mineral powder, 20g of silica fume, 10g of adhesive powder, 2g of fumed silica and 400g of fine aggregate evenly. Then add 3g of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 10g of acrylic emulsion, 1g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether and 125g of water and continue to mix evenly to obtain cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material.

[0041] The method for preparing the modified fly ash includes the following steps:

[0042] (1) Add 200g of fly ash to 1000mL of anhydrous ethanol, sonicate for 10min, centrifuge, wash and dry, then add to 600mL of 10wt% NaOH aqueous solution, stir at 50r / min for 90min, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain hydroxylated fly ash.

[0043] (2) Disperse 150g of hydroxylated fly ash into 800mL of toluene, then add 30g of dodecenyl succinic acid, 15g of oleic acid and 1.5g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heat at 80℃ for 4h, filter, collect the solid, wash and dry to obtain organic fly ash.

[0044] (3) Add 100g of organic fly ash to 600mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, add 5g of apigenin isoglycyrrhizin and 0.5g of ammonium persulfate, heat to 60℃ and react for 3h, filter, collect the solid, wash and dry to obtain modified fly ash.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] A method for preparing a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material includes the following steps:

[0047] Mix 350g of ordinary silicate PO 425 cement, 150g of modified fly ash, 100g of mineral powder, 40g of silica fume, 25g of adhesive powder, 5g of fumed silica and 500g of fine aggregate evenly. Then add 8g of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 30g of acrylic emulsion, 3g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether and 175g of water and continue to mix evenly to obtain cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material.

[0048] The method for preparing the modified fly ash includes the following steps:

[0049] (1) Add 200g of fly ash to 1000mL of anhydrous ethanol, sonicate for 30min, centrifuge, wash and dry, then add to 1000mL of 10wt% NaOH aqueous solution, stir at 100r / min for 30min, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain hydroxylated fly ash.

[0050] (2) Disperse 150g of hydroxylated fly ash into 800mL of toluene, then add 75g of dodecenyl succinic acid, 45g of oleic acid and 7.5g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heat at 110℃ for 2h, filter, collect the solid, wash and dry to obtain organic fly ash.

[0051] (3) Add 100g of organic fly ash to 600mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, add 5g of apigenin isoglycyrrhizin and 0.5g of ammonium persulfate, heat to 60℃ and react for 3h, filter, collect the solid, wash and dry to obtain modified fly ash.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] A method for preparing a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material includes the following steps:

[0054] Mix 300g of ordinary silicate PO 425 cement, 120g of modified fly ash, 80g of mineral powder, 30g of silica fume, 18g of adhesive powder, 3g of fumed silica and 450g of fine aggregate evenly. Then add 6g of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 20g of acrylic emulsion, 2g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether and 150g of water and continue to mix evenly to obtain cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material.

[0055] The preparation method of the modified fly ash is similar to that of Example 1, except that apigenin isoglycyrrhizin is not added, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0056] (1) Add 200g of fly ash to 1000mL of anhydrous ethanol, sonicate for 20min, centrifuge, wash and dry, then add to 800mL of 20wt% NaOH aqueous solution, stir at 80r / min for 60min, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain hydroxylated fly ash;

[0057] (2) Disperse 150g of hydroxylated fly ash into 800mL of toluene, then add 60g of dodecenyl succinic acid, 30g of oleic acid and 4.5g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heat at 100℃ for 3h, filter, collect the solid, wash and dry to obtain modified fly ash.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] A method for preparing a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material includes the following steps:

[0060] Mix 300g of ordinary silicate PO 425 cement, 120g of modified fly ash, 80g of mineral powder, 30g of silica fume, 18g of adhesive powder, 3g of fumed silica and 450g of fine aggregate evenly. Then add 6g of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 20g of acrylic emulsion, 2g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether and 150g of water and continue to mix evenly to obtain cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material.

[0061] The preparation method of the modified fly ash is similar to that in Example 1, except that dodecenylsuccinic acid and oleic acid are physically mixed, specifically including the following steps:

[0062] (1) Add 200g of fly ash to 1000mL of anhydrous ethanol, sonicate for 20min, centrifuge, wash and dry, then add to 800mL of 20wt% NaOH aqueous solution, stir at 80r / min for 60min, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain hydroxylated fly ash;

[0063] (2) Mix 150g of hydroxylated fly ash, 60g of dodecenyl succinic acid and 30g of oleic acid evenly to obtain modified fly ash.

[0064] Comparative Example 3

[0065] A method for preparing a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material includes the following steps:

[0066] Mix 300g of ordinary silicate PO 425 cement, 120g of hydroxylated fly ash, 80g of mineral powder, 30g of silica fume, 18g of adhesive powder, 3g of fumed silica and 450g of fine aggregate evenly. Then add 6g of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 20g of acrylic emulsion, 2g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether and 150g of water and continue to mix evenly to obtain cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material.

[0067] The method for preparing the hydroxylated fly ash includes the following steps:

[0068] Add 200g of fly ash to 1000mL of anhydrous ethanol, sonicate for 20min, centrifuge, wash, dry, and then add to 800mL of 20wt% NaOH aqueous solution. Stir at 80r / min for 60min, centrifuge, wash, and dry the product to obtain hydroxylated fly ash.

[0069] Comparative Example 4

[0070] A method for preparing a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material includes the following steps:

[0071] Mix 300g of ordinary silicate PO 425 cement, 120g of fly ash, 80g of mineral powder, 30g of silica fume, 18g of adhesive powder, 3g of fumed silica and 450g of fine aggregate evenly. Then add 6g of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 20g of acrylic emulsion, 2g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether and 150g of water and continue to mix evenly to obtain cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material.

[0072] Performance testing:

[0073] Specimen preparation and curing: The cement-based anti-corrosion and anti-freeze materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were cured and molded into standard-sized specimens. All specimens were cured in a standard curing room at a temperature of (20±2)℃ and a relative humidity of >95% for 28 days, and then their anti-freeze and anti-corrosion properties were tested.

[0074] Freeze-thaw resistance test: A set of cured specimens were soaked in water for 4 days, dried, and weighed initially. The weighed concrete specimens were then placed in the specimen box of a freeze-thaw cycler. The freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete specimens was tested according to the test specifications in GB / T50082-2024 "Standard for Test Methods of Long-Term Performance and Durability of Ordinary Concrete". The smaller the mass loss rate, the stronger the freeze-thaw resistance. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1. Test results of the frost resistance of cement-based anti-corrosion and anti-freeze materials

[0076]

[0077] Corrosion resistance test: Another set of cured specimens were taken and subjected to sulfate attack resistance test and chloride ion penetration resistance test according to the test specifications in GB / T50082-2024 "Standard for Test Methods of Long-term Performance and Durability of Ordinary Concrete". The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0078] Table 2. Test results of corrosion resistance of cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze materials

[0079]

[0080] As can be seen from the experimental results in Tables 1 and 2, the cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material obtained in this application has good anti-corrosion and antifreeze properties.

[0081] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material, characterized in that, It comprises the following components by weight: 250-350 parts cement, 80-150 parts modified fly ash, 50-100 parts mineral powder, 20-40 parts silica fume, 10-25 parts adhesive powder, 3-8 parts water-reducing agent, 10-30 parts acrylic emulsion, 1-3 parts hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, 2-5 parts fumed silica, and 400-500 parts fine aggregate. The method for preparing the modified fly ash includes the following steps: (1) Add fly ash to anhydrous ethanol, sonicate, centrifuge, wash and dry, then add to NaOH aqueous solution, stir evenly, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain hydroxylated fly ash; (2) Disperse hydroxylated fly ash into toluene, then add dodecenyl succinic acid, oleic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and heat to react to obtain organic fly ash; (3) Add the organic fly ash to N,N-dimethylformamide, add apigenin isoglycyrrhizin and ammonium persulfate, and heat the mixture to obtain modified fly ash.

2. The cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cement is ordinary Portland cement.

3. The cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the ratio of fly ash to NaOH aqueous solution is 10g:30-50mL.

4. The cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-30 min, the NaOH aqueous solution concentration is 15-30 wt%, and the stirring conditions are stirring at 50-100 r / min for 30-90 min.

5. The cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the mass ratio of hydroxylated fly ash, dodecenyl succinic acid, oleic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid is 10:2-5:1-3:0.1-0.

5.

6. The cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the mass ratio of organic fly ash, apigenin isoglycyrrhizin and ammonium persulfate is 10:0.5-2:0.05-2.

7. The cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-reducing agent is at least one of the following: lignin sulfonate water-reducing agent, naphthalene-based water-reducing agent, melamine-based water-reducing agent, aminosulfonate-based water-reducing agent, fatty acid-based water-reducing agent, and polycarboxylate-based water-reducing agent.

8. The cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fine aggregate is one of river sand, sea sand, manufactured sand, or quartz sand.

9. A method for preparing a cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: Weigh each raw material according to the formula, mix cement, modified fly ash, mineral powder, silica fume, adhesive powder, fumed silica and fine aggregate evenly, then add water-reducing agent, acrylic emulsion, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether and water, and continue to mix evenly to obtain cement-based anti-corrosion and antifreeze material.

Images