Environment-friendly ceramic and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an environment-friendly ceramic and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ceramic production. According to the application, solid wastes such as waste tea residue charcoal, rice hull ash silicon dioxide and a small amount of kaolin are taken according to a proportioning ratio, and a green body is obtained through wet material blank preparation and hydraulic forming. After being dried in sections, a prepared glaze is applied and dried, and then the product is obtained through sintering in sections according to a specific curve and natural cooling. The application takes solid wastes as core raw materials, reduces mineral consumption and cost, and improves the performance shortcomings of solid waste ceramics, the bending strength and the heat preservation property, avoids cracking and glaze separation, guarantees the weather resistance and stability of the product, and has remarkable green environmental protection benefits. The application solves the problems of traditional ceramics, such as dependence on non-renewable mineral resources, low utilization rate of solid wastes, and difficulty in giving consideration to environmental protection and performance of solid waste ceramics.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application discloses an environment-friendly ceramic and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ceramic production. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ceramics are a kind of inorganic non-metallic materials widely used, with high strength, good chemical stability and wear resistance, their application has been extended from traditional daily utensils to outdoor construction, municipal engineering, landscape decoration and other fields, such as outdoor wall bricks, sidewalk bricks, coastal barriers and the like, becoming one of the important materials for modern infrastructure construction and environmental beautification.

[0003] With the development of the times, the development of environmental protection has become the mainstream, however, the existing ceramic technology still has obvious short boards in environmental protection, which is difficult to meet the current demand for green development, on the one hand, traditional ceramic production relies on non-renewable mineral resources such as kaolin and feldspar, and the resource utilization degree of industrial and agricultural solid waste is very low, on the other hand, part of the ceramic products trying to add a small amount of solid waste often cannot guarantee environmental protection while taking into account performance due to unreasonable raw material matching, resulting in a decrease in the bending strength of the product, insufficient weather resistance, and difficulty in meeting the requirements of long-term stable use of ceramics in outdoor scenes, therefore, the application proposes a new scheme to solve the problem. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problem that the existing ceramic technology highly depends on non-renewable mineral resources such as kaolin and feldspar for production, and the resource utilization degree of industrial and agricultural solid waste is very low, which not only causes resource waste but also aggravates environmental burden, and a small number of ceramic products trying to add solid waste also cannot meet the dual requirements of environmental protection and high performance due to unreasonable raw material matching or process design defects, therefore, the present application provides an environment-friendly ceramic and a preparation method thereof, which precisely cooperates with the design of solid waste raw materials and the process adaptation, greatly improves the utilization rate of solid waste, and ensures that the comprehensive performance of the ceramic meets the requirements of outdoor scenes.

[0005] In a first aspect, the application provides a preparation method of an environment-friendly ceramic, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] A preparation method of an environment-friendly ceramic, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, the body raw materials are weighed as follows: 25-30 parts of waste tea dregs carbon, 15-20 parts of rice husk ash silicon dioxide, 10-15 parts of expanded vermiculite, 8-12 parts of waste rock wool fiber, 20-25 parts of kaolin, 5-8 parts of potassium feldspar and 0.8-1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol;

[0008] S2, dissolve polyvinyl alcohol in 40-50 DEG C clean water to form a 5-8% mass concentration solution, mix the above green body raw materials uniformly, add the polyvinyl alcohol solution, stir for 20-30 minutes, and obtain a wet material green body that can be held together and does not scatter when dropped;

[0009] S3, fill the wet material green body into a ceramic mold, and use a hydraulic forming machine to press and form a green body under a pressure of 12-15 MPa for 3-5 seconds;

[0010] S4, segmentally dry the green body, first place it in a 20-30 DEG C normal temperature environment for 4-6 hours, and then place it in a 80-100 DEG C hot air drying oven for 8-10 hours;

[0011] S5, weigh the glaze raw materials: feldspar 15-20 parts, quartz 10-15 parts, kaolin 5-8 parts, rice husk ash silicon dioxide 3-5 parts, zinc oxide 2-4 parts, and lead-free frit 8-12 parts;

[0012] S6, mix and grind the above glaze raw materials to a particle size of ≤10 microns, add 35-40% of the total mass of the glaze of clean water, stir uniformly to prepare a glaze slurry, and apply glaze to the dried green body by dipping or spraying, with a glaze layer thickness of 0.3-0.5 mm;

[0013] S7, place the green body after glazing in a 60-80 DEG C hot air drying oven for 1-2 hours, until there is no running and no bubbles on the surface of the glaze layer;

[0014] S8, place the green body after drying the glaze layer in a kiln, and sinter according to the following curve: heat at a rate of 5-8 DEG C / min to 600-700 DEG C, keep for 0.5-2 hours, then heat at a rate of 4-6 DEG C / min to 1050-1200 DEG C, keep for 2-4 hours;

[0015] S9, turn off the power of the kiln, naturally cool to room temperature, and take out to obtain an environmentally friendly ceramic.

[0016] By using the above technical scheme, the application uses industrial and agricultural solid waste such as waste tea dregs carbon, rice husk ash nano silicon dioxide, and waste rock wool fiber as the core green body raw material, greatly improves the solid waste resource utilization rate, reduces the consumption of non-renewable mineral resources, and reduces the environmental pressure of solid waste storage. At the same time, the segmented drying and precise sintering curve can avoid green body cracking and glaze layer falling off, and ensure the ceramic forming quality and structural stability. At the same time, the solid waste and commonly used materials used in the fusion can still provide good performance for the ceramic.

[0017] Preferably, the body raw material is 28-30 parts by weight of waste tea dregs charcoal, 17-19 parts by weight of rice husk ash nano silicon dioxide, 12-14 parts by weight of expanded vermiculite, 9-11 parts by weight of waste rock wool fiber, 22-24 parts by weight of kaolin, 6-7 parts by weight of potassium feldspar, and 1.0-1.3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, the body raw material ratio is in the optimal range of cooperation of various components: a higher proportion of waste tea dregs charcoal and rice husk ash nano silicon dioxide can further improve the utilization rate of solid waste, and can form a more stable skeleton structure with expanded vermiculite and waste rock wool fiber; and the optimized amount of kaolin and potassium feldspar can further enhance the bending strength and weather resistance of the ceramic while ensuring the formability of the body.

[0019] Preferably, the glaze raw material is 17-19 parts by weight of feldspar, 12-14 parts by weight of quartz, 6-7 parts by weight of kaolin, 4-5 parts by weight of rice husk ash silicon dioxide, 3-4 parts by weight of zinc oxide, and 10-12 parts by weight of lead-free clinker.

[0020] By adopting the above technical scheme, the glaze ratio can optimize the melting fluidity and density of the glaze layer, and the rice husk ash silicon dioxide, feldspar and quartz cooperatively supplement silicon elements to improve the bonding degree of the glaze layer and the body; the zinc oxide can reduce the melting temperature of the glaze and improve the gloss of the glaze surface; and a higher proportion of lead-free clinker can further strengthen environmental protection and avoid heavy metal pollution.

[0021] Preferably, in the step S4, the green body weight is checked every 2 hours during air drying, and the drying is stopped when the weight difference is less than or equal to 0.5% for two consecutive times.

[0022] By adopting the above technical scheme, the drying degree of the green body can be accurately judged, and the problems of cracking and bubbling due to water evaporation during sintering caused by incomplete drying, or the problems of increased brittleness and easy breakage of the green body caused by over-drying can be avoided, thereby ensuring the stability of subsequent processing of the green body.

[0023] Preferably, in the step S6, the Baumé degree of the glaze slurry is 32-34°Bé, the glazing time is 10-15 seconds, the spraying pressure is 0.2-0.3 MPa, and the distance between the spray gun and the green body is 20-30 cm.

[0024] By adopting the above technical scheme, the Baumé degree of the glaze slurry can ensure that the glaze slurry has appropriate viscosity, and the specific glazing time or spraying parameters can form a glaze layer with uniform thickness, thereby avoiding the problems of running and underglaze caused by too thick or too thin glaze layer, and ensuring the consistency of the appearance and performance of the glaze surface.

[0025] Preferably, in the step S8, the natural cooling stage after sintering is controlled to be 10-12 hours from 1150°C to 300°C, and the kiln door can be opened below 300°C to accelerate cooling to room temperature.

[0026] By adopting the technical scheme, slow cooling can reduce the internal stress generated by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the body and the glaze layer, avoid cracking and falling of the glaze layer, accelerate cooling below 300 DEG C, shorten the production cycle and improve the processing efficiency on the premise of ensuring product quality.

[0027] Preferably, the expanded vermiculite has a particle size of 1-3 mm, the waste rock wool fiber is cut to a length of 5-8 mm, and the rice husk ash nano-silicon dioxide has a particle size of less than 5 microns.

[0028] By adopting the technical scheme, the expanded vermiculite of a specific particle size can form a uniform pore structure, improve the ceramic heat preservation and air permeability; the cut waste rock wool fiber can form an interlaced network in the body to enhance the body toughness and bending strength; and the ultra-fine rice husk ash nano-silicon dioxide can be more uniformly dispersed in the raw material to promote crystal formation and improve the density of the body and the glaze layer.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present application provides an environment-friendly ceramic, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0030] An environment-friendly ceramic is prepared by the preparation method of any one of the environment-friendly ceramic in the first aspect.

[0031] By adopting the technical scheme, the environment-friendly ceramic inherits the advantages of the preparation method, realizes efficient resource utilization of industrial and agricultural solid wastes, reduces the dependence on non-renewable mineral resources, meets the green and environmental protection requirements, has excellent bending strength, weather resistance and structural stability, and has a lead-free and tightly combined glaze layer.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0033] 1. The present application uses waste tea residue charcoal, waste rock wool fiber, rice husk ash silicon dioxide and other industrial and agricultural solid wastes as core raw materials, which not only reduces the consumption of non-renewable mineral resources such as kaolin and potassium feldspar, reduces the damage to the ecological environment caused by mineral exploitation, meets the environmental protection properties of ceramics, but also reduces the production cost, and has significant green environmental protection benefits.

[0034] 2. The present application effectively makes up for the performance short board of traditional solid waste ceramics by selecting and proportioning the raw materials, and the waste rock wool fiber can construct an interlaced network in the body to significantly improve the bending strength of the product, the layered structure of the expanded vermiculite can optimize the heat preservation and air permeability of the ceramic, and the rice husk ash silicon dioxide can promote the formation of crystals in the body and the glaze layer to improve the material density. At the same time, combined with the subsequent forming and sintering process, the final product is a ceramic product with no cracking, delamination and strong weather resistance.

[0035] 3、The preparation process of the present application can guarantee production quality and efficiency, and the segmented drying can accurately control the green body moisture content, avoid product defects caused by improper drying, lay a stable foundation for the subsequent sintering link, avoid defects such as bubbling and cracking caused by water evaporation during sintering, and segmented sintering can guarantee that the body and glaze layer are densified during the sintering process, reduce the generation of internal stress, avoid defects such as glaze peeling and cracking, and finally improve the structural integrity and performance stability of the ceramic product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and in the description of the present application, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0037] The raw materials in the present application include the following parts;

[0038] Waste tea residue charcoal: take tea processing waste tea residue, wash and remove impurities with clean water, carbonize at 600 DEG C under inert gas protection for 2 hours, cool down, and then crush to 0.1-0.3mm particle size with a high-speed pulverizer, and sieve to reserve;

[0039] Rice hull ash silicon dioxide: the ash after burning of rice hull is soaked in hydrochloric acid for 2 hours to remove metal impurities, washed with distilled water until neutral, activated by calcining at 800 DEG C for 1 hour, and then pulverized by airflow to a particle size of less than 5 microns, ensuring that the purity of SiO2 is greater than 95%;

[0040] Expanded vermiculite: natural vermiculite is calcined at 800 DEG C for 30 minutes, and then sieved to select particles with a particle size of 1-3mm, and dried to a moisture content of less than 3%;

[0041] Waste rock wool fiber: building waste thermal insulation rock wool is coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher, and then treated by a fiber shortening machine to a length of 5-8mm, and coarse fibers with a diameter greater than 10 microns are removed;

[0042] Kaolin: raw materials with an Al2O3 content of 35-38%, a particle size of less than 2 microns, and a whiteness of more than 85%;

[0043] Potassium feldspar: raw materials with a K2O content of 12-14%, a particle size of less than 5 microns, and a moisture content of less than 2%;

[0044] Polyvinyl alcohol: raw materials with a polymerization degree of 1700, an alcoholysis degree of 88%, and a solid content of more than 99%;

[0045] Glaze feldspar: raw materials with a Na2O content of 8-10%, a SiO2 content of 65-68%, and a particle size of less than 10 microns;

[0046] Glaze quartz: raw materials with SiO2 purity greater than 99%, particle size less than 5 μm are used;

[0047] Zinc oxide: raw materials with purity greater than 99.5%, particle size less than 3 μm are used;

[0048] Lead-free frit: raw materials with softening temperature 650-680℃, PbO content less than 0.1%, particle size less than 10 μm are used;

[0049] The application is further described in detail below in combination with examples, comparative examples and performance test data. The same preparation procedure is used in all examples and comparative examples, only the raw material amount, raw material performance parameter or process parameter is adjusted. Example 1

[0050] Step S1: raw materials are weighed by weight parts: 29 parts of waste tea residue charcoal, 18 parts of rice husk ash silicon dioxide, 13 parts of expanded vermiculite, 10 parts of waste rock wool fiber, 23 parts of kaolin, 7 parts of potassium feldspar, 1.1 parts of polyvinyl alcohol;

[0051] Step S2: polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in 45℃ water to prepare a 6% concentration solution, and then the above solid raw materials are dry mixed for 5 minutes and placed in a blender, the polyvinyl alcohol solution is poured into the blender, and stirred at 300 r / min for 25 minutes to obtain a wet body with a moisture content of 18-20%, which can be held together and does not scatter when dropped;

[0052] Step S3: the wet body is filled into a ceramic mold, and a hydraulic forming machine is used to press at a pressure of 14 MPa for 4 seconds to ensure the green body density and avoid excessive compaction leading to cracking during drying later, and the green body is obtained by pressing;

[0053] Step S4: the green body is dried in sections, first placed at room temperature of about 25℃ for 5 hours to allow the water to slowly diffuse and avoid rapid surface drying shrinkage and cracking, and then placed in a hot air drying oven at about 90℃ for 8-10 hours to reduce the moisture content to less than 1.5%, and the green body weight is checked every 2 hours during the air drying period until the weight difference is less than 0.5% for two consecutive times, and the drying is stopped;

[0054] Step S5: glaze raw materials are weighed by weight parts: 18 parts of feldspar, 13 parts of quartz, 6 parts of kaolin, 4 parts of rice husk ash silicon dioxide, 3 parts of zinc oxide, and 10 parts of lead-free frit;

[0055] Step S6: The above-mentioned enamel raw materials are mixed and ground to a particle size of ≤10 μm to ensure the suspension of the glaze slurry and avoid particle sedimentation during glazing. Then, 38% of the total mass of the glaze is added to the water and stirred uniformly to prepare the glaze slurry. The specific gravity of the glaze slurry is controlled at about 33°Bé. The dried green body is glazed by immersion or spraying. The immersion time is about 13 seconds, the spraying pressure is controlled at about 0.3 MPa, the distance between the spray gun and the green body is about 25 cm, and the glaze layer thickness is 0.4 mm;

[0056] Step S7: The green body after glazing is placed in a hot air drying oven at about 70°C for 1.5 hours to prevent the glaze layer from being suddenly dried to produce pinholes.

[0057] Step S8: The green body after drying the glaze layer is placed in a kiln and sintered according to the following curve: the temperature is raised to 650°C at a rate of 6°C / min, and the temperature is maintained for 1.5 hours to fully decompose the residual organic matter of polyvinyl alcohol and tea residue carbon, thereby avoiding the formation of pores due to the volatilization of impurities at high temperatures. Then, the temperature is raised to 1150°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature is maintained for 3 hours to promote the uniform growth of silicate crystals and improve the density. The natural cooling stage from 1150°C to 300°C is controlled at 10-12 hours, and the kiln door can be opened below 300°C to accelerate the cooling to room temperature.

[0058] Step S9: The power of the kiln is turned off, and the environment-friendly ceramic is obtained after natural cooling to room temperature. Example 2

[0059] In this example, the weight parts of the body raw materials are adjusted as follows compared with the preparation method of Example 1: 25 parts of waste tea residue carbon, 15 parts of rice husk ash nano silicon dioxide, 10 parts of expanded vermiculite, 8 parts of waste rock wool fiber, 25 parts of kaolin, 8 parts of potassium feldspar, and 0.8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol. The remaining preparation method steps are completely consistent with Example 1. Example 3

[0060] In this example, the weight parts of the body raw materials are adjusted as follows compared with the preparation method of Example 1: 30 parts of waste tea residue carbon, 20 parts of rice husk ash nano silicon dioxide, 15 parts of expanded vermiculite, 12 parts of waste rock wool fiber, 20 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of potassium feldspar, and 1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol. The remaining preparation method steps are completely consistent with Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] In this comparative example, the waste rock wool fiber is removed from the body raw materials compared with the preparation method of Example 1, and the weight parts of the remaining body raw materials are adjusted as follows: 30 parts of waste tea residue carbon, 18.5 parts of rice husk ash nano silicon dioxide, 13.5 parts of expanded vermiculite, 23.5 parts of kaolin, 6.5 parts of potassium feldspar, and 1.2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol. The remaining preparation method steps are completely consistent with Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] The preparation method of the present comparative example is compared with that of Example 1, and the expanded vermiculite is removed from the body raw material, and the weight parts of the remaining body raw material are adjusted as follows: waste tea dregs carbon 30 parts, rice husk ash nano silicon dioxide 19 parts, waste rock wool fiber 10.5 parts, kaolin 23.5 parts, potassium feldspar 6.5 parts, and polyvinyl alcohol 1.2 parts; the remaining preparation method steps are completely consistent with those of Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] The preparation method of the present comparative example is compared with that of Example 1, and the body raw material is in a traditional ceramic ratio, and the specific weight parts are adjusted as follows: kaolin 60 parts, potassium feldspar 25 parts, quartz 14.2 parts, and polyvinyl alcohol 0.8 parts; the weight parts of the glaze raw material are adjusted as follows: feldspar 25 parts, quartz 20 parts, kaolin 10 parts, zinc oxide 5 parts, and lead-free clinker 40 parts; the remaining preparation method steps are completely consistent with those of Example 1.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] The preparation method of the present comparative example is compared with that of Example 1, and the rice husk ash silicon dioxide is removed from the glaze raw material, and the weight parts of the remaining glaze raw material are adjusted as follows: feldspar 19.5 parts, quartz 13.5 parts, kaolin 7 parts, zinc oxide 3.8 parts, and lead-free clinker 11.2 parts; the remaining preparation method steps are completely consistent with those of Example 1.

[0069] The performance of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 is detected, and the detection items and standards are as follows:

[0070] Bending strength: tested according to GB / T6569-2006;

[0071] Water absorption: tested according to GB / T3810.3-2016, 24 hours soaking;

[0072] Freeze-thaw resistance: tested according to GB / T3810.12-2016;

[0073] Glaze adhesion: visually rated, excellent (no cracking / glaze separation), good (slight cracking), and poor (obvious glaze separation)

[0074] Solid waste utilization rate: total mass of solid waste in body / total mass of body x 100%

[0075] The detection results are shown in Table 1:

[0076] Table 1: Comprehensive performance detection table

[0077] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Bending strength (MPa) 38.2 35.5 36.8 28.3 32.1 39.0 37.5 Water absorption (%) 5.2 4.8 5.6 5.4 9.1 4.5 6.8 Freeze-thaw resistance No cracking No cracking No cracking Slight cracking No cracking No cracking Obvious glaze separation Glaze adhesion Good Good Good Good Good Good Poor Solid waste utilization rate (%) 58.7 52.0 62.3 49.2 50.8 0 58.5

[0078] As can be seen from Table 1:

[0079] The comprehensive performance of Examples 1-3 is close to that of the traditional ceramic, i.e., Comparative Example 3, but the solid waste utilization rate is greater than 52%, among which Example 1 has the optimal ratio, the bending strength is 38.2 MPa, and the water absorption is 5.2%, the performance is basically the same as that of the traditional ceramic, and there is no any appearance defect, while obtaining good performance, a large amount of solid waste raw materials are also used, which has both environmental protection and practical properties.

[0080] After the absence of waste rock wool fibers in Comparative Example 1, the bending strength is reduced to 28.3 MPa, which is decreased by 26% compared with Example 1, and the freeze-thaw resistance appears slight cracking, thus proving that the interlaced network of rock wool fibers is crucial to improve the toughness of the body.

[0081] After the absence of expanded vermiculite in Comparative Example 2, the water absorption is increased to 9.1%, which is increased by 77% compared with Example 1, thus proving that the layered structure of expanded vermiculite can optimize the pore distribution and reduce water penetration.

[0082] When the glaze lacks rice husk ash silica in Comparative Example 4, the glaze surface is obviously decolorized, which shows that rice husk ash silica can promote the crystal combination of the glaze layer and the body and improve the adhesion.

[0083] Examples 4-6

[0084] Examples 4-6 and Example 1 have the same preparation method steps as Example 1, except that the particle size of expanded vermiculite is adjusted, and the specific adjustment is shown in Table 2.

[0085] Performance testing of Examples 4-6 and Example 1 is carried out, and the testing items and standards are as follows:

[0086] Bending strength: tested according to GB / T6569-2006;

[0087] Water absorption: tested according to GB / T3810.3-2016, 24 hours soaking;

[0088] Glaze flatness: visually evaluated;

[0089] The test results are shown in Table 2:

[0090] Table 2: Performance testing table of expanded vermiculite changes

[0091] Item Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 1 Swelling vermiculite particle size (mm) 0.5 2 4 1.3 Bending strength (MPa) 34.6 38.5 35.1 38.2 Water absorption (%) 6.5 5.0 6.2 5.2 Glaze flatness Slight concave-convex Flat Obvious concave-convex Flat

[0092] From Table 2, it can be seen that:

[0093] When the particle size of expanded vermiculite is 1-3 mm, such as Examples 1 and 5, the body density and flatness are optimal, when the particle size is less than 1 mm, such as Example 4, it is easy to agglomerate, resulting in uneven pores, and when the particle size is greater than 3 mm, such as Example 6, it cannot be uniformly filled, which will all reduce the performance.

[0094] Examples 7-9

[0095] Examples 7-9 compared with the preparation method of Example 1, only adjust the sintering heating rate in S8, the rest of the preparation method steps are exactly the same as Example 1, specific adjustment as shown in Table 3.

[0096] Table 3: Sintering rate change performance test table

[0097] Item Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 1 Temperature increase rate (℃ / min) 4 5 10 6.5 Sintering time (h) 12.8 10.5 7.2 9.8 Body cracking rate (%) 0 0 15 0 Glaze gloss (%) 85 92 88 91

[0098] Analysis of Table 3:

[0099] Example 7 compared with Example 1, the sintering rate is too slow, the sintering time is extended by 34%, the efficiency is reduced, and the gloss of the glaze surface is reduced due to excessive grain growth.

[0100] Example 9 compared with Example 1, the sintering rate is too fast, the internal stress is generated due to the large internal and external temperature difference, resulting in the cracking of the body, and the gloss is also slightly reduced due to the insufficient melting of the glaze.

[0101] The optimal range of sintering rate is 5-8℃ / min, such as Example 1, Example 8, no cracking, high gloss, and reasonable efficiency.

[0102] Examples 10-12

[0103] Examples 10-12 compared with the preparation method of Example 1, only adjust the hot air drying temperature in S4, the rest of the preparation method steps are exactly the same as Example 1, specific adjustment as shown in Table 4.

[0104] Table 4: Drying temperature change performance test table

[0105] Item Example 10 Example 11 Example 12 Example 1 Drying temperature (℃) 70 85 110 90 Drying time (h) 12.5 10 7.0 9.0 Green body water content (%) 1.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 Green body breakage rate (%) 0 0 8 0

[0106] Analysis of Table 4:

[0107] Example 10 compared with Example 1, the drying temperature is too low, the drying time is extended by 39%, and the green body water content is too high, which is easy to bubble in subsequent sintering.

[0108] Example 12 compared with Example 1, the drying temperature is too high, the body shrinks unevenly due to the rapid evaporation of water, resulting in the damage of the green body, and the low water content increases the brittleness of the body.

[0109] The optimal range of drying temperature is 80-100℃, such as Example 1, Example 11, the water content is about 1.0%, no damage, making the subsequent sintering link more stable.

[0110] To sum up, the application changes the body raw material and glaze raw material and the matching ratio in the transmission ceramic, adds a large amount of industrial and agricultural solid waste, optimizes the key performance parameters of each functional component, matches the preparation process parameters, effectively breaks through the problem that the traditional ceramic in the prior art highly depends on non-renewable mineral resources, the solid waste utilization rate is very low, and the bending strength of a small amount of solid waste ceramic is insufficient due to unreasonable raw material matching or process design defects, and the weather resistance is poor, realizes the precise benchmarking of the comprehensive performance of the environmental protection ceramic and the traditional ceramic, and simultaneously reduces the cost of the traditional ceramic due to the improvement of the solid waste utilization rate, and the green environmental protection benefit and practical value are remarkable.

[0111] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application, the present application can be implemented in other specific forms. The present examples are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the specification as such. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

[0112] Furthermore, it should be understood that, although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment exhibits every characteristic or exhibits the characteristics in the same way. The description herein of any particular embodiment is primarily intended to enable persons skilled in the art to make and use the embodiments. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that other embodiments can be practiced with equivalent steps and / or components substituted for those illustrated and described herein. Accordingly, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the described embodiments but is instead defined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an eco-ceramic, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, the blank body raw material is weighed by weight parts: 25-30 parts of waste tea residue charcoal, 15-20 parts of rice husk ash silicon dioxide, 10-15 parts of expanded vermiculite, 8-12 parts of waste rock wool fiber, 20-25 parts of kaolin, 5-8 parts of potassium feldspar, and 0.8-1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol; S2, the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in 40-50℃ water to form a solution with a mass concentration of 5-8%, the waste tea residue charcoal, rice husk ash silicon dioxide, expanded vermiculite, waste rock wool fiber, kaolin and potassium feldspar are uniformly mixed, and then added into the polyvinyl alcohol solution, stirred for 20-30 minutes to obtain a wet material blank which can be held together and does not scatter when dropped; S3, the wet material blank is filled into a ceramic mold, and a hydraulic forming machine is used to press and form the wet material blank under a pressure of 12-15MPa for 3-5 seconds to obtain a green body; S4, the green body is dried in sections, first placed in a normal temperature environment at 20-30℃ for 4-6 hours, and then placed in a hot air drying oven at 80-100℃ for 8-10 hours; S5, the glaze raw material is weighed by weight parts: 15-20 parts of feldspar, 10-15 parts of quartz, 5-8 parts of kaolin, 3-5 parts of rice husk ash silicon dioxide, 2-4 parts of zinc oxide, and 8-12 parts of lead-free frit; S6, the above raw materials are mixed and ground to a particle size of ≤10μm, 35-40% of the total mass of the glaze is added to the water, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to form a glaze slurry, the dried green body is glazed by immersion or spraying, and the glaze layer thickness is controlled at 0.3-0.5mm; S7, the glazed green body is placed in a hot air drying oven at 60-80℃ for 1-2 hours until the glaze layer surface is free of running and bubbles; S8, the dried green body is placed in a kiln, and sintered according to the following curve: heated to 600-700℃ at a rate of 5-8℃ / min, kept for 0.5-2 hours, then heated to 1050-1200℃ at a rate of 4-6℃ / min, and kept for 2-4 hours; S9, the power of the kiln is turned off, and the environment-friendly ceramic is obtained after natural cooling to room temperature.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: The blank body raw material is 28-30 parts of waste tea residue charcoal, 17-19 parts of rice husk ash silicon dioxide, 12-14 parts of expanded vermiculite, 9-11 parts of waste rock wool fiber, 22-24 parts of kaolin, 6-7 parts of potassium feldspar, and 1.0-1.3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol by weight.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The glaze raw material is 17-19 parts of feldspar, 12-14 parts of quartz, 6-7 parts of kaolin, 4-5 parts of rice husk ash silicon dioxide, 3-4 parts of zinc oxide, and 10-12 parts of lead-free frit by weight. ​ 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In step S4, the weight of the green body is checked every 2 hours during drying, and the drying is stopped when the weight difference is less than or equal to 0.5% for two consecutive times. ​ 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In step S6, the glaze slurry has a Baume degree of 32-34°Bé, the immersion glazing time is 10-15 seconds, the spraying pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa, and the distance between the spray gun and the green body is 20-30cm. ​ 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In step S8, the natural cooling time from 1150℃ to 300℃ after sintering is controlled at 10-12 hours, and the kiln door is opened below 300℃ to accelerate the cooling to room temperature, so that the glaze and the blank body are tightly combined without glaze peeling and cracking. ​ 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 1-3 mm, the waste rock wool fiber is treated by short cutting to a length of 5-8 mm, and the particle size of the rice hull ash silica is ≤5 μm. ​ 8. An environmentally friendly ceramic, characterized by: Prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-7.