Conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of functional composite materials. The conductive material formed by covering the surface of the non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton with the indium or antimony metal layer combines the flexible skeleton of the non-woven fabric and the high conductivity of the metal indium or antimony, and has the characteristics of high conductivity, low lithium ion diffusion energy barrier, flexibility and light weight; the conductivity of the prepared conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material is larger than 1 * 10 < 5 > S / cm (close to bulk metal), the lithium ion diffusion energy barrier is smaller than 0.2 eV, the tensile strength is larger than 10 MPa, the elongation at break is larger than 50%, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is larger than 60 dB (the frequency band of 1-10 GHz), and the conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material has definite application potential in the fields of flexible electronics and light-weight conductive materials.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of functional composite materials, in particular to a conductive nonwoven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Nonwoven fabric is a kind of porous network material formed by fibers through mechanical, chemical or thermal bonding, which has the characteristics of light weight, flexibility and strong designability. After combining with conductive function, nonwoven conductive material is widely used in the following fields: flexible electronics: wearable sensors, flexible circuits, electronic skin, etc.; electromagnetic shielding (EMI shielding): 5G communication equipment, aerospace electronic protection; new energy batteries: high-power current collectors of lithium / sodium ion batteries, fuel cell electrodes; antistatic materials: medical protective clothing, industrial explosion-proof equipment, etc.

[0003] At present, the main methods to realize the conductive of nonwoven fabric include: conductive polymer coating (such as PEDOT:PSS, polyaniline); carbon-based material composite (such as carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon black); metal coating / plating (such as chemical copper plating, silver paste printing). However, the conductive polymer coating method has the problems of low electrical conductivity (usually <100 S / cm), poor environmental stability and insufficient mechanical durability, which is difficult to meet the high current transmission demand (such as battery current collector). The carbon-based material composite method has the problems of discontinuous conductive network, high interface contact resistance and high cost. The metal coating / plating method has the problems of large brittleness of metal layer, complex process and high density, which is not conducive to lightweight application (such as aerospace).

[0004] Therefore, the existing nonwoven conductive materials (such as copper-plated nonwoven fabric) or carbon-based conductive materials have the problems of insufficient flexibility, easy breaking, difficulty in adapting to complex deformation scenarios, high lithium ion diffusion energy barrier (usually >0.3 eV) and low electrical conductivity (usually <100 S / cm), which need to be solved urgently. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a conductive nonwoven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, which can solve the problems of insufficient flexibility, easy breaking, high lithium ion diffusion energy barrier and low electrical conductivity of existing conductive materials.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a preparation method of a conductive nonwoven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0008] The nonwoven fabric is subjected to plasma treatment to obtain an activated nonwoven fabric;

[0009] Vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering is performed on the surface of the activated non-woven fabric under the first metal source to form a metal seed layer, and a non-woven fabric covered with the metal seed layer is obtained;

[0010] Electrochemical deposition is performed on the non-woven fabric covered with the metal seed layer in an electrolyte containing a second metal source to obtain a conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material;

[0011] The first metal source comprises indium or antimony.

[0012] The second metal source is a metal salt corresponding to the first metal source.

[0013] Preferably, the material of the non-woven fabric comprises polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), aramid or blended fiber non-woven fabric.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the non-woven fabric is 0.01-5 mm, the porosity is 60-90%, and the fiber diameter is 10-50 μm.

[0015] Preferably, the conditions of the plasma treatment comprise a power of 150-250 W, a time of 5-10 min, and an Ar or oxygen atmosphere.

[0016] Preferably, the conditions of the vacuum evaporation comprise a vacuum degree of ≤5×10 -3 Pa, a substrate temperature of 60-80℃, and a deposition rate of 0.5-1 nm / s.

[0017] The conditions of the magnetron sputtering comprise an argon gas pressure of 0.3-1.0 Pa, an argon gas flow of 20-50 sccm, a sputtering power of 50-200 W, and a sputtering time of 5-30 min.

[0018] Preferably, the thickness of the metal seed layer is 10-100 nm.

[0019] Preferably, in the electrolyte containing the second metal source, the concentration of the second metal source is 0.1-0.5 mol / L.

[0020] The conditions of the electrochemical deposition comprise a current density of 1-10 mA / cm 2 , a deposition time of 20-60 min, and a temperature of 25-35℃.

[0021] The present application provides a conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material prepared by the preparation method described above, which comprises a non-woven fabric substrate and a metal layer covering the surface of the non-woven fabric substrate.

[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the metal layer is 0.6-20 μm, and the lithium ion diffusion energy barrier of the conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material is <0.2 eV.

[0023] The application provides application of the conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material in the fields of flexible electronics, electromagnetic shielding or new energy battery current collectors.

[0024] The application provides a preparation method of a conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material, which comprises the steps of non-woven fabric surface activation, metal seed layer deposition and electrochemical deposition thickening.

[0025] The metal source used in the application has the following mechanisms: 1) very low migration energy barrier: the diffusion energy barrier (0.17 eV) of lithium ions on the surface or alloy of indium or antimony metal is significantly lower than that (0.3-0.5 eV) of traditional graphite negative electrodes, metal lithium negative electrodes or copper current collectors, realizing the rapid migration of ions in the solid phase; 2) kinetic mechanism: the low energy barrier is due to the weak binding of indium atoms or antimony atoms to lithium ions, which reduces the desolvation energy of lithium ions and promotes two-dimensional uniform nucleation (the migration energy barrier is reduced by about 30%). The metal layer formed by the metal source can realize super-fast charging: the diffusion rate of lithium ions is increased by more than 3 times, supporting 80% charging within 5 minutes; and has high cycle stability: the low energy barrier interface induces uniform lithium deposition, avoiding lithium dendrites, thereby improving the electrochemical performance.

[0026] The application adopts the metal (indium or antimony) to cover the three-dimensional skeleton of non-woven fabric, and has the following advantages: 1) low-temperature metallization process compatibility: low-melting-point metals such as indium (melting point 156.6 DEG C) can realize uniform coverage through a low-temperature covering process, avoiding damage to the non-woven fabric substrate at high temperatures; 2) three-dimensional interpenetrating structure: the metal fills the pores of the non-woven fabric, and the metal layer and the fibers form a three-dimensional conductive network, improving the current carrying capacity and reducing the interface contact resistance; 3) lightweight: the thickness of the metal layer is controllable (0.6-20 mu m), and the areal density is < 100 g / m 2 ; 4) scalability: the process is adapted to existing non-woven fabric production lines, and the cost is controllable; 5) indium metal has unique flexibility, which can endow the conductive material with good ductility.

[0027] The conductive material formed by covering the three-dimensional skeleton of non-woven fabric with an indium or antimony metal layer combines the flexibility of the non-woven fabric skeleton and the high conductivity of the low-melting-point metal, and has the characteristics of high conductivity, low ion diffusion energy barrier, flexibility and lightweight, solving the problems of insufficient flexibility, easy breakage, high lithium ion diffusion energy barrier and low electrical conductivity of existing conductive materials, and can be applied to the fields of flexible electronics, electromagnetic shielding, new energy battery current collectors and the like, promoting the practical application of flexible electronics and lightweight high-power conductive materials.

[0028] The conductivity of the conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite prepared by the method is greater than 1*10 5 S / cm (close to bulk metal), lithium ion diffusion energy barrier is less than 0.2 eV, tensile strength is greater than 10 MPa, elongation at break is greater than 50%, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is greater than 60 dB (1-10 GHz frequency band), and has clear application potential in the field of flexible electronics and light weight high power conductive materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The scanning electron microscope graph of the indium plated non-woven fabric in Example 1 is shown in the figure;

[0030] Figure 2 The scanning electron microscope graph of the copper plated non-woven fabric in Comparative Example 2 is shown in the figure;

[0031] Figure 3 The 10C rate charging curve graph of the indium plated non-woven fabric in Example 1 in the lithium battery is shown in the figure;

[0032] Figure 4 The 10C rate charging curve graph of the copper plated non-woven fabric in Comparative Example 2 in the lithium battery is shown in the figure;

[0033] Figure 5 The 10C rate discharging curve graph of the indium plated non-woven fabric in Example 1 in the lithium battery is shown in the figure;

[0034] Figure 6 The 10C rate discharging curve graph of the copper plated non-woven fabric in Comparative Example 2 in the lithium battery is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In the present application, if not otherwise specified, the raw materials or reagents used are commercially available products well known in the art.

[0036] The present application provides a preparation method of a conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite, comprising the following steps:

[0037] The non-woven fabric is subjected to plasma treatment to obtain an activated non-woven fabric;

[0038] Under the condition of a first metal source, vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering is performed on the surface of the activated non-woven fabric to form a metal seed layer, thereby obtaining a non-woven fabric covered with a metal seed layer;

[0039] The non-woven fabric covered with a metal seed layer is subjected to electrochemical deposition in an electrolyte containing a second metal source, thereby obtaining a conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite;

[0040] The first metal source comprises indium or antimony;

[0041] The second metal source is a metal salt corresponding to the first metal source.

[0042] In the present application, the material of the non-woven fabric preferably comprises polyester, polypropylene (PP), aramid or blended fiber non-woven fabric; the polyester is preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

[0043] In the present application, the mixed fibers in the mixed fiber non-woven fabric are preferably two or more of polyester, polypropylene (PP) and aramid. The present application does not have special limitations on the proportion of the mixed fibers in the mixed fiber non-woven fabric, and any ratio is acceptable.

[0044] In the present application, the thickness of the non-woven fabric is preferably 0.01-5 mm, more preferably 0.01-0.15 mm, and further preferably 0.05-0.12 mm, the porosity is preferably 60-90%, more preferably 70-85%, and the fiber diameter is preferably 10-50 μm, more preferably 10-20 μm.

[0045] The present application does not have special limitations on the specific source or preparation process of the non-woven fabric, and a non-woven fabric meeting the above parameters can be obtained in a manner well known in the art.

[0046] The present application utilizes the three-dimensional network skeleton of the multiple layers of interlaced fibers in the non-woven fabric to provide mechanical support and metal adsorption sites.

[0047] In the present application, the conditions of the plasma treatment preferably include a power of 150-250 W, more preferably 180-200 W, a time of 5-10 min, more preferably 5-8 min, and an Ar or oxygen atmosphere. The present application utilizes plasma treatment to improve the surface activity of the non-woven fabric.

[0048] In the present application, the first metal source comprises indium (In) or antimony (Sb), and more preferably indium (melting point 156.6°C); the melting point of the first metal source in the present application is lower than 300°C; the present application does not have special limitations on the source or specific composition of the first metal source, and commercially available products or desired proportions adjusted according to well-known methods are acceptable.

[0049] In the present application, the conditions of the vacuum evaporation preferably include a vacuum degree ≤5×10 -3 Pa, a substrate temperature of 60-80°C, more preferably 70-80°C, and a deposition rate of 0.5-1 nm / s, more preferably 0.5-0.8 nm / s.

[0050] In the present application, the conditions of the magnetron sputtering preferably include an argon gas pressure of 0.3-1.0 Pa, more preferably 0.5-0.8 Pa; an argon gas flow of 20-50 sccm, more preferably 30-40 sccm; a sputtering power of 50-200 W, more preferably 100-150 W; and a sputtering time of 5-30 min, more preferably 10-20 min.

[0051] In the present application, the thickness of the metal seed layer is preferably 10-100 nm, more preferably 80-100 nm.

[0052] In the present application, the second metal source is a metal salt corresponding to the first metal source.

[0053] In the present application, the second metal source preferably includes indium nitrate or SbCl3.

[0054] In the present application, the concentration of the second metal source in the electrolyte containing the second metal source is preferably 0.1-0.5 mol / L, more preferably 0.2-0.3 mol / L; and the solvent used in the electrolyte containing the second metal source is preferably water.

[0055] In the present application, the electrolyte containing the second metal source preferably further includes a complexing agent and a pH adjuster; and a conductive salt can also be added according to specific requirements.

[0056] In the present application, the complexing agent is preferably sodium citrate or EDTA, and the concentration of the complexing agent in the electrolyte is preferably 0.05-0.2 mol / L, more preferably 0.1-0.15 mol / L; the pH adjuster is preferably dilute H2SO4 or NaOH, and the pH value of the electrolyte containing the second metal source is preferably 1.5-4.0, more preferably 2.0-3.0; and the conductive salt is preferably NaCl or KCl, and the concentration of the conductive salt in the electrolyte is preferably 0.1-0.3 mol / L, more preferably 0.15-0.25 mol / L, and further preferably 0.2 mol / L.

[0057] In the present application, the conditions of the electrochemical deposition preferably include: a current density of 1-10 mA / cm 2 , more preferably 5-6 mA / cm 2 ; a deposition time of 20-60 min, more preferably 30-50 min; and a temperature of 25-35℃, more preferably 25-30℃.

[0058] The present application provides a conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, which includes a non-woven fabric substrate and a metal layer covering the surface of the non-woven fabric substrate.

[0059] In the present application, the thickness of the metal layer is preferably 0.6-20 μm, more preferably 0.6-5 μm; and the lithium ion diffusion energy barrier of the conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material is <0.2 eV.

[0060] The application provides application of the conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material in the fields of flexible electronics, electromagnetic shielding or new energy battery current collectors.

[0061] The specific embodiments of the application are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the application is not limited by the specific embodiments. Based on the examples in the application, all other examples obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the application. The experimental methods described in the embodiments of the application are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0062] The following experimental methods and detection methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the following reagents and raw materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] Indium (In) vacuum evaporation + electrochemical deposition of polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabric:

[0065] 1) Substrate treatment: The PP non-woven fabric (thickness 0.1 mm, porosity 85%, fiber diameter 10-20 μm) was subjected to plasma cleaning (power 200 W, time 5 min, Ar atmosphere) to obtain an activated non-woven fabric;

[0066] 2) Metal seed layer deposition:

[0067] Process: Vacuum evaporation of indium (purity 99.99%), substrate temperature 80°C, deposition rate 0.5 nm / s, forming an indium layer with a thickness of 100 nm, obtaining an indium-coated non-woven fabric;

[0068] 3) Electrochemical deposition thickening:

[0069] An indium-containing electrolyte was prepared by using water: indium nitrate (In(NO3)3, 0.2 mol / L) + sodium citrate (0.1 mol / L), NaCl (0.2 mol / L), pH = 3.0;

[0070] Electrochemical deposition parameters: current density 5 mA / cm2, deposition time 30 min, temperature 25°C, final indium metal layer thickness 1 μm, obtaining a conductive non-woven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material, i.e. indium-coated non-woven fabric.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The difference from Example 1 is only:

[0073] Step 2) Indium seed layer with a thickness of 100 nm was deposited by magnetron sputtering;

[0074] The magnetron sputtering conditions are as follows: argon pressure is 0.5 Pa, argon flow rate is 30 sccm, sputtering power is 100 W, and sputtering time is 10 min.

[0075] Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] The difference from Example 1 is only that:

[0078] The metal seed layer deposited in Step 2) is antimony;

[0079] The electrolyte in Step 3) is: SbCl3(0.2 mol / L) + sodium citrate (0.2 mol / L), NaCl (0.2 mol / L), pH = 3.0.

[0080] Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The difference from Example 1 is only that:

[0083] The PET non-woven fabric (thickness 0.15 mm, porosity 90%, fiber diameter 10-20 μm) is used in Step 1).

[0084] Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] 20% carbon black, 10% graphene and 2% dispersant (SDBS) are added to 65% NMP, and ultrasonic treatment (power 300 W, 30 min) is performed until the slurry is uniform (particle size ≤ 5 μm). 2% of a PVDF solution (dissolved in NMP to prepare a 10% solution) is added, and mechanical stirring is performed at 500 rpm for 1 h. 1% CMC is added, and stirring is performed until the viscosity reaches 3000 cP, to obtain a carbon slurry;

[0087] The PET non-woven fabric is subjected to plasma cleaning according to the method of Example 1 to obtain an activated non-woven fabric;

[0088] The activated non-woven fabric is immersed in the carbon slurry for 30 s at a pulling speed of 3 mm / s, and is dried at 80°C for 10 min. Stepwise temperature curing is performed: 80°C (30 min) → 120°C (15 min) → 150°C (5 min), and then rolling is performed under a pressure of 10 MPa to obtain a carbon slurry coated PET non-woven fabric.

[0089] Comparative Example 2

[0090] The difference from Example 2 is only that:

[0091] Step 2) Copper layer was deposited by magnetron sputtering (copper purity 99.99% was used), obtaining a non-woven fabric covered with copper layer;

[0092] Step 3) Electrochemical deposition thickening: indium nitrate was replaced by copper nitrate, finally obtaining a copper-plated non-woven fabric.

[0093] Other conditions are the same as Example 2.

[0094] Performance test

[0095] The performance of the non-woven fabric conductive materials in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was tested. The surface resistance was tested by DMR-1C type square resistance meter, the conductivity was tested by four-probe method, the lithium ion diffusion energy barrier was tested by constant current intermittent titration method (GITT), the bending performance was tested by the method recorded in IEC 62863, the tensile performance was tested by the method recorded in GB / T 3923.1, and the electromagnetic shielding performance was tested by the method recorded in GB / T 30142; the results are shown in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1 Performance data of different materials in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] As can be seen from Table 1, the conductivity of the indium-plated non-woven fabric in Example 1 is 10 5 S / cm order of magnitude, which is significantly higher than that of the carbon-based material in Comparative Example 1 (102S / cm order of magnitude). Moreover, the non-woven fabric is used as the substrate and the flexible indium metal is used as the plated layer in Example 1, which has obvious flexibility advantage. Since the high ductility metal indium can disperse stress, the metal layer has no cracks after bending (as shown in Figure 1 ), while the surface of the copper-plated non-woven fabric in Comparative Example 2 has obvious cracks (as shown in Figure 2 ). In addition, the indium-plated non-woven fabric in Example 1 has the lowest lithium ion diffusion energy barrier (0.17 eV), which can significantly reduce lithium dendrites during the ultra-high power charging process of lithium battery, and realize high safety and high reversibility fast charging.

[0100] In order to test the power performance of the materials in lithium battery, the different materials in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were respectively assembled into full cells with NCM811 positive electrode. The cells were charged at a constant current of 10C rate current at 25℃, and when the voltage was charged to 4.3V, it was converted to constant voltage charging, and the charging was stopped when the current was less than 0.1C (1C = 1100mA). The results are shown in Table 2, and the test curves of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Figures 3-6 .

[0101] Table 2 10C rate charging data of different materials in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0102] Case Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Constant current time (min) 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.8 0.9 2.1 Constant voltage time (min) 6.8 7.8 7.9 7.1 25.3 13.7 Total time (min) 10.7 11.3 11.2 10.9 26.2 15.8 Constant current capacity (mAh) 878 788 743 855 203 473 Constant voltage capacity (mAh) 213 263 265 230 683 499 Total capacity (mAh) 1091 1051 1008 1085 886 972

[0103] From Table 2, Figure 3 , Figure 4 It can be seen that the In-plated nonwoven fabric in Example 1 can maintain 10C high-power charging for the longest time, and it can charge 80.6% of the power in only 3.9 min, while the Cu-plated nonwoven fabric in Comparative Example 2 can only maintain 10C high-power charging for 2.1 min, and it takes more than 10 min to charge to 80% of the power. From Figure 5 , Figure 6 It can be seen that in the subsequent 10C discharging process, the In-plated nonwoven fabric in Example 1 can release a capacity of 1030 mAh (93.6% of the theoretical capacity), while the Cu-plated nonwoven fabric in Comparative Example 2 can only release a capacity of 618 mAh (56.2% of the theoretical capacity).

[0104] The data of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 show that the conductive nonwoven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material of the present application has clear application potential in the field of flexible electronics and lightweight high-power conductive materials.

[0105] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, several improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a conductive nonwoven three-dimensional skeleton composite material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Nonwoven fabric is subjected to plasma treatment to obtain activated nonwoven fabric; Under the first metal source condition, vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering is performed on the surface of the activated nonwoven fabric to form a metal seed layer, thereby obtaining a nonwoven fabric covered with a metal seed layer. Electrochemical deposition of the nonwoven fabric covered with the metal seed layer is carried out in an electrolyte containing a second metal source to obtain a conductive nonwoven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material. The first metal source includes indium or antimony; The second metal source is the metal salt corresponding to the first metal source.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nonwoven fabric is made of polyester, polypropylene, aramid, or blended fiber nonwoven fabric.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nonwoven fabric has a thickness of 0.01–5 mm, a porosity of 60–90%, and a fiber diameter of 10–50 μm.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The conditions for plasma treatment include: power of 150-250W, time of 5-10min, and an Ar or oxygen atmosphere.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions for vacuum evaporation include: vacuum degree ≤ 5 × 10⁻⁶. -3 Pa, substrate temperature is 60-80℃, deposition rate is 0.5-1nm / s; The conditions for magnetron sputtering include: argon gas pressure of 0.3–1.0 Pa, argon gas flow rate of 20–50 sccm, sputtering power of 50–200 W, and sputtering time of 5–30 min.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the metal seed layer is 10–100 nm.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the electrolyte containing the second metal source, the concentration of the second metal source is 0.1–0.5 mol / L; The conditions for the electrochemical deposition include: current density of 1–10 mA / cm². 2 The deposition time is 20–60 min, and the temperature is 25–35℃.

8. The conductive nonwoven three-dimensional skeleton composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It includes a nonwoven fabric substrate and a metal layer covering the surface of the nonwoven fabric substrate.

9. The conductive nonwoven fabric three-dimensional skeleton composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that, The thickness of the metal layer is 0.6–20 μm, and the lithium-ion diffusion barrier of the conductive nonwoven three-dimensional skeleton composite material is <0.2 eV.

10. The application of the conductive nonwoven three-dimensional skeleton composite material of claim 8 or 9 in the fields of flexible electronics, electromagnetic shielding or current collectors for new energy batteries.

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