A prefabricated concrete bearing platform and anchor rod cooperative anchoring device for extremely cold environment

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of precast concrete deck and anchor rod's collaborative anchoring device for extremely cold environment, including collaborative anchoring structure and drawing structure, and the inside of heat-insulating expansion bladder of collaborative anchoring structure is equipped with inner heat capsule chamber, and the inner surface of heat-insulating expansion bladder is shaped into sliding groove in correspondence with anchor rod position, shear type crank arm is slidably matched in sliding groove, and elastic clasp and threaded grout stop pad are respectively arranged at the handle end of crank arm, and grout stop pad is rotated and moves downward along anchor rod by driving gear bar, gear set and other transmission structure;Drawing structure is communicated with collaborative anchoring structure by pipeline;When working, precast concrete deck pushes and presses heat-insulating expansion bladder contraction, and inner heat capsule chamber generates heat and directs to spray defrosting, grout stop pad rotates and scrapes ice and seals, while push rod pushes and presses hydraulic liquid to drive drawing structure to execute anchor rod drawing test synchronously, and inner heat capsule chamber can be used for maintenance after grouting;The device can realize defrosting, assembly, test and maintenance, guarantee grouting quality, and shorten construction period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, specifically to a synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundations and anchor rods used in extremely cold environments. Background Technology

[0002] In extremely cold environments such as high-latitude frigid zones and plateau permafrost regions, the constant low temperatures, seasonal frost heave and thawing, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles pose severe challenges to the foundation structures of infrastructure. Projects in these areas, such as highways, railways, wind turbine towers, and power transmission and transformation structures, must simultaneously withstand the effects of low-temperature freezing damage, lateral thrust from permafrost heave, and the risk of foundation instability due to thawing. Traditional on-site cast-in-place concrete foundations often suffer from cracks and surface spalling due to slow cement hydration and hindered strength development at low temperatures. Furthermore, on-site construction is constrained by severe cold weather, leading to extended construction periods and soaring costs. Disturbing the original permafrost structure can also exacerbate the damage caused by freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, addressing the challenges of construction and durability in foundation engineering under extremely cold environments is crucial. Addressing the pain points of "poor durability and weak stability," the combination of precast concrete foundations and anchor bolts is gradually becoming the preferred solution. Precast concrete foundations, produced in standardized factories, can ensure the strength and density of concrete in a constant temperature environment, avoiding the impact of low temperatures on on-site pouring. After being transported to the site, they only need to be quickly assembled, significantly shortening the outdoor construction time and reducing the damage of low temperatures to the structure. Anchor bolts, as key anti-pull-out and anti-frost-heave components, can penetrate deep into the stable frozen soil or rock layers. Through their synergistic effect with the foundation, they can offset the upward and lateral forces generated during the frost heave of the frozen soil, while suppressing uneven settlement of the foundation during the thawing process. This provides reliable support for the long-term stability of infrastructure in extremely cold environments, and is especially suitable for the needs of major projects such as new energy development and transportation network construction in cold regions.

[0003] However, during the anchoring process of precast concrete foundations and anchor rods used in extremely cold environments, frost or ice often adheres to the surface of the anchor rods due to the influence of the extreme cold environment (even if they are cleaned before assembly, frost will re-adhere within a short period of time due to environmental factors). When connecting the precast concrete foundations and anchor rods, grout needs to be injected into the reserved holes through which the anchor rods are inserted. However, the grout may be affected by the frost or ice on the surface of the anchor rods, resulting in localized condensation, which will directly affect the solidification of the grout.

[0004] To address this, a collaborative anchoring device for precast concrete foundations and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundations and anchor rods in extremely cold environments, so as to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that the connection between precast concrete foundations and anchor rods is easily affected by the low temperature of the anchor rods.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundations and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments, comprising:

[0007] Collaborative anchoring structure;

[0008] The pull-out structure is located on one side of the coordinating anchorage structure and is connected to the coordinating anchorage structure through a pipeline;

[0009] The collaborative anchoring structure includes a heat-insulating telescopic bladder, which contains an internal heat chamber. The inner annular surface of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder has a recessed groove formed concavely within each adjacent anchor rod, isolated from the internal heat chamber. A scissor-shaped crank arm is slidably fitted inside each recessed groove. The ends of the crank arms are connected by connecting kits that restrict movement at both ends. An elastically positioned anti-grouting pad is rotatably fitted inside the open constraint wheel chamber at the upper crank arm's handle end. An assist wheel is mounted on the surface of the anti-grouting pad, and this assist wheel, in conjunction with a bearing, rotatably fits inside the crank arm's handle end. The axle end of the wheel extends through the crank arm's shank end and engages with a toothed belt pulley set and one of the bevel gears in the bevel gear set for transmission. One of the bevel gears in the bevel gear set is keyed to the shaft end of a drive gear that is rotated and constrained within the heat-insulating expansion bladder body by a bearing. The wheel side of the drive gear meshes with a drive rack that is separately isolated within the heat-insulating expansion bladder body, and the lower end of the drive rack is fixed to the bottom plate of the heat-insulating expansion bladder body. A push rod is fitted with a bushing in the connecting kit, and the surface of the push rod is fitted with a movable connector that connects two spring push rods on the upper and lower sides. The movable ends of the two spring push rods are also fitted with movable connectors and connected to the adjacent crank arms respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the interior of the internal heat chamber is equipped with a flexible electrothermal component arranged along a circular path, and the heat-insulating telescopic bladder is initially higher than the height of the anchor rod.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting kit has an integrally formed bushing extending vertically through the center position of the connecting kit, and the crank arm is elastically rotated between the end of the crank arm and the bushing of the connecting kit in the form of being sleeved on the shaft of the connecting kit. The arms of the two crank arms slide out from the flared opening of the receiving groove and are attached to the wall. The handles of the two crank arms have openings facing the anchor rod for docking.

[0012] Preferably, the crank arm located below has an annular through channel inside the handle end, and the channel is elastically connected to an elastic buckle with a positioning spring positioned inside, and the intersecting ends of the elastic buckle protruding from the channel have a rounded transition with an incline to facilitate pressure separation on the anchor rod surface.

[0013] Preferably, the inner annular surface of the grout-stopping pad in contact with the anchor rod has a texture that engages with the threaded surface of the anchor rod. The upper or lower surface of the grout-stopping pad, or both surfaces together, are internally recessed to form an annular constraint slot, which engages with the lower ball end of the positioning rod in a rolling fit. The slot opening has a rounded transition to facilitate release from the rotational constraint state. The rod of the positioning rod extends through the crank arm and is inserted into the pressure regulating pipe connected to the crank arm crank arm end surface, and engages with the threaded hole at the port of the pressure regulating pipe. An annular plate of the same size as the inside of the pressure regulating pipe is integrally provided on the upper side of the rod inside the pressure regulating pipe. A pressure regulating spring is elastically connected to the rod on the lower surface of the annular plate in a sleeved manner, thereby rotating the positioning rod in conjunction with the pressure regulating pipe and the pressure regulating spring to adjust the pressure of the lower end of the positioning rod in the constraint slot on the surface of the grout-stopping pad. The peripheral side of the grout-stopping pad is equipped with an anti-slip sealing component as required.

[0014] Preferably, the toothed pulley assembly consists of two toothed pulleys that are keyed to the booster wheel and the bevel gear set respectively, and a toothed belt that drives the toothed pulleys. The toothed pulleys connected to the bevel gear set and the bevel gear set are all connected to the interior of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder with bearings.

[0015] Preferably, the toothed belt pulley set, bevel gear set, and drive gear are all located within the transmission space inside the upper plate of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder, and the upper plate of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder is compressed by the push rod pre-assembled on the surface of the precast concrete foundation.

[0016] Preferably, the adjacent ends of the two crank arms are connected and movably confined within the retraction slide. The end of the push rod away from the crank arm passes through the retraction slide into the interior of a hydraulic pipe bolted to the outer annular surface of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder. The end of the hydraulic pipe has a movable-seal piston, and the end face of the piston is elastically connected to a pull spring elastically connected to the end of the hydraulic pipe. The pull spring is initially in a stretched state. The interior of the hydraulic pipe stores any safety fluid, and the hydraulic pipe has an interface for safe fluid hydraulic circulation.

[0017] Preferably, the pulling structure includes a pulling frame, the bottom center of which has a through anchor bolt insertion hole, and the interior of the pulling frame, above the insertion hole, is fitted with two constraint sliding rods connected by bolts to a support arm for movement constraint. The center of the support arm is fitted with a rib clamp to hold and fix the anchor bolt, directly opposite the insertion hole of the anchor bolt. The lower surfaces of the two ends of the support arm are connected to a spring rod by bolts, and the lower piston end of the spring rod moves along the inner wall of the liquid pipe in a sealed manner and is constrained by the movement of the internal space of the liquid pipe. The lower end of the liquid pipe also has an interface for safe liquid hydraulic circulation and is connected to a hydraulic pipe with a multi-port pipeline.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. This invention, through the design of a synergistic anchoring structure, allows the push rod on the precast concrete foundation to compress the heat-insulating expansion bladder during assembly. This causes the expansion bladder to contract, and the flexible electric heating components arranged along the annular path within the inner heat bladder generate heat. The heat, aided by the compression effect of the bladder's contraction, is directionally injected through the vent holes connecting the inner annular surface and the inner heat bladder chamber to the docking area between the anchor rod and the foundation. This actively melts frost on the anchor rod surface, preventing localized condensation of the grout due to frost, and also creates a localized constant-temperature space based on the heat insulation performance of the expansion bladder, facilitating grouting. After completion, the electric heating components can continue to be powered for maintenance. The heating defrosting and maintenance process is completely synchronized with the foundation assembly, without the need for additional procedures. This effectively reduces the time spent working outdoors in extremely cold environments, lowers construction costs and reduces the risk of frostbite to personnel. In addition, during the foundation assembly stage, the drive rack meshes with the drive gear, which drives the booster wheel to rotate through the bevel gear set and the toothed belt pulley set. This causes the grout stop pad to rotate and move down along the anchor bolt thread. The thread teeth can mechanically scrape off the thin ice or frost layer on the anchor bolt surface, forming a dual mechanical and thermal protection with the heat spray defrosting of the inner heat chamber.

[0020] 2. This invention sets up a hydraulic linkage system between the coordinating anchoring structure and the pull-out structure. When the push rod of the coordinating anchoring structure moves under the traction of the pull-out spring, it can push the safety fluid in the hydraulic pipe and drive the spring rod of the pull-out structure to move upward, thereby driving the anchor rod fixed by the support arm and the reinforcing rod clamp to complete the pull-out test. No additional special pull-out equipment is required, realizing the synchronous operation of assembly and pull-out test, which greatly shortens the outdoor construction time in extremely cold environments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the collaborative anchoring structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a transverse cross-sectional view of the collaborative anchoring structure of the present invention at the crank arm;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a transverse cross-sectional view of the collaborative anchoring structure of the present invention at the drive toothed rod.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the separation of the internal and external structures of the collaborative anchoring structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the crank arm and its connection structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the crank arm stem end structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the drawing structure of the present invention.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Collaborative anchoring structure;

[0031] 11. Insulated telescopic bladder; 111. Retraction chute; 112. Internal heat chamber; 113. Hydraulic pipe;

[0032] 12. Crank arm; 121. Elastic buckle; 1211. Positioning spring; 122. Anti-slip pad; 1221. Positioning rod; 1222. Pressure adjusting spring; 1223. Pressure adjusting tube; 1224. Power steering wheel; 1225. Toothed belt pulley set; 1226. Bevel gear set; 1227. Drive gear;

[0033] 13. Drive rack;

[0034] 14. Push rod; 141. Connecting kit; 142. Torsion spring; 143. Spring push rod; 144. Pull spring;

[0035] 2. Pulling structure; 21. Pulling frame; 22. Constraint slide bar; 23. Rib clamp; 24. Support arm; 25. Liquid pipe; 251. Spring bar. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Please see Figures 1 to 8 This invention provides a technical solution for a synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundations and anchor bolts used in extremely cold environments:

[0038] A synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundations and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments includes:

[0039] The collaborative anchoring structure 1 has the ability to compress and is surrounded on the outer periphery of the anchor rod;

[0040] Pull-out structure 2 is set on one side of the coordinating anchor structure 1 and is connected to the coordinating anchor structure 1 through a pipeline;

[0041] The coordinating anchoring structure 1 includes a heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11, which is a rectangular bladder that expands and contracts vertically. It contains an internal heat chamber 112 that changes shape under pressure. A flexible electrothermal component is arranged along a ring path inside the internal heat chamber 112. Initially, the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11 is higher than the anchor rod, and its inner ring surface near the anchor rod has an air vent that communicates with the internal heat chamber 112. At each anchor rod, the inner ring surface of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11 is recessed into a funnel-shaped through-flow groove 111, isolated from the internal heat chamber 112. The inside of each groove 111 is fitted with a scissor-shaped crank arm 12 that slides against the wall. The end of the groove 111 near the anchor rod is flared, while the end away from the anchor rod is flared. The anchor rod has a narrow opening. The crank arms 12 are connected at their closest points using a dumbbell-shaped connecting kit 141, which restricts movement at both ends. A bushing extending vertically through the center of the connecting kit 141 is integrally formed. The crank arms 12 are fitted onto the shaft of the connecting kit 141, and the ends of the crank arms 12 are elastically rotated and constrained by a torsion spring 142. The arms of both crank arms 12 slide out from the flared opening of the receiving groove 111, and both crank arms 12 have openings facing the anchor rod for docking. The lower crank arm 12 has an annular through-ring inside its handle, which is elastically connected by a positioning spring 1211 positioned inside. The anchor rod is connected to an elastic buckle 121, and the intersecting ends of the elastic buckle 121 extending out of the annular channel have inclined rounded corners facing the anchor rod surface to facilitate pressure separation. The lower surface of the lower crank arm 12 has a rolling ball structure for easy movement and disengagement. The handle end of the upper crank arm 12 has a constraint wheel chamber that opens to the anchor rod docking opening, and a grout-stopping pad 122 is rotatably fitted inside the wheel chamber. The inner annular surface of the grout-stopping pad 122 that contacts the anchor rod has a threaded texture that engages with the anchor rod surface. An annular constraint slot is recessed into the upper or lower surface, or both surfaces together, and this slot rolls with the lower ball end of the positioning rod 1221. The slot opening is positioned to facilitate disengagement from the rotational constraint. The positioning rod 1221 extends through the crank arm 12 and inserts into the pressure regulating pipe 1223 connected to the crank arm 12's end surface. It engages with a threaded hole at the port of the pressure regulating pipe 1223. An annular plate, the same size as the inner diameter of the pressure regulating pipe 1223, is integrally formed on the upper side of the positioning rod 1221 inside the pressure regulating pipe 1223. A pressure regulating spring 1222 is elastically connected to the rod on the lower surface of the annular plate in a sleeve-like manner. Rotating the positioning rod 1221, in conjunction with the pressure regulating pipe 1223 and the pressure regulating spring 1222, adjusts the pressure at the lower end of the positioning rod 1221 within the constraint slot on the surface of the grout-stopping pad 122. The circumferential side of the grout-stopping pad 122 is equipped with an anti-slip sealing component as required.The impeller pad 122 has a drive pulley 1224 mounted close to its surface. The drive pulley 1224 is rotatably fitted with a bearing inside the crank arm 12. The shaft end of the drive pulley 1224 extends out of the crank arm 12 and is connected to one of the bevel gears in the toothed belt pulley assembly 1225 and the bevel gear assembly 1226. The toothed belt pulley assembly 1225 consists of two toothed pulleys that are keyed to the drive pulley 1224 and the bevel gear assembly 1226 respectively, and a toothed belt that drives the toothed pulleys. The toothed pulleys and bevel gears connected to the bevel gear assembly 1226 in the toothed belt pulley assembly 1225 are connected to the bevel gear assembly 1226. All gear sets 1226 are connected to the interior of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11 with bearings. One of the bevel gears in the bevel gear set 1226 is keyed to the shaft end of the drive gear 1227, which is rotatably constrained by the bearings inside the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11. The side of the drive gear 1227 meshes with a drive rack 13, which is separately isolated inside the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11, and the lower end of the drive rack 13 is fixed to the bottom plate of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11. The belt pulley set 1225, the bevel gear set 1226, and the drive gear 1227 are all located on the upper plate of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11. Within the internal transmission space, the upper bladder plate of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11 is compressed by a push rod (which can be selected according to actual conditions, such as an L-shaped rod, Z-shaped rod, or any other type) pre-assembled on the surface of the precast concrete foundation. The bushing of the connecting kit 141 has a clearance fit with the push rod 14, and the surface of the push rod 14 is fitted with a movable connecting piece, connecting two spring push rods 143 on the upper and lower sides. The movable ends of the two spring push rods 143 are also fitted with movable connecting pieces and connected to adjacent crank arms 12 respectively. The adjacent ends of the two crank arms 12 are movablely limited by the connecting kit 141 in a retracted position. Inside the inlet slide 111, the end of the push rod 14 away from the crank arm 12 passes through the inlet slide 111 and into the hydraulic pipe 113, which is bolted to the outer annular surface of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11. One end of the hydraulic pipe 113 has a movable, sealed piston, and the piston's end face is elastically connected to a tension spring 144 elastically connected to the end of the hydraulic pipe 113. The tension spring 144 is initially in a stretched state. The hydraulic pipe 113 stores any safety fluid, and the pipe has an interface for safe fluid hydraulic circulation.

[0042] During operation, a crane lifts the precast concrete foundation and, with the assistance of technicians, slowly lowers it to the anchor bolt. During descent, the push rod on the foundation first contacts the plate of the thermally insulated expansion bladder 11 and applies pressure, causing it to contract and move downwards. This drives the rack 13 to move relative to the bladder. Inside the bladder, the drive gear 1227 meshes with the rack, transmitting power through the bevel gear set 1226 and the toothed pulley set 1225, which in turn drives the assist wheel 1224 to rotate. This causes the grout-stopping pad 122, with its matching anchor bolt thread, to rotate and move downwards along the anchor bolt thread, coordinating with the bladder's contraction. As the bladder continues to compress, the grout-stopping pad 122 drives the crank arm 12 downwards, reducing the angle of the crank arm 12 and torsion spring 142. Simultaneously, the spring push rod 143 pushes the push rod 14. Under the traction of the tension spring 144, the push rod 14 moves along the inner wall of the rigid isolation pipeline and hydraulic pipe 113. The tension spring 144 continues to pull... The crank arm 12, elastic buckle 121, and positioning rod 1221 cooperate with positioning spring 1211 and pressure adjusting spring 1222 respectively to keep the crank arm 12 always fitted with the anchor rod. When the tension reaches the threshold, push rod 14 pulls the crank arm 12, causing the elastic buckle 121 at its handle end to unfold and the grout stop pad 122 to move out of the positioning position. After the crank arm 12 separates from the anchor rod, it is put into the slide groove 111. During the process, the electric heating component of the inner heat chamber 112 is energized, and the contracted heat insulation telescopic bladder 11 sprays heat to the anchor rod assembly area to heat and insulate, reducing the impact of extreme cold. The drive toothed rod 13 on the periphery of the bearing platform can calibrate the verticality of the bearing platform and the position of the anchor rod. After the bearing platform and the anchor rod are connected, grouting is performed. After grouting, the electric heating component of the inner heat chamber 112 can continue to be energized for maintenance. After maintenance is completed, the collaborative anchoring structure 1 and the pull-out structure 2 are removed and manually reset for reuse.

[0043] In summary, through the coordinated anchoring structure 1, when the precast concrete foundation is lowered for assembly, the push rod on the foundation presses the thermal insulation expansion bladder 11 to cause it to contract. The flexible electric heating components arranged along the annular path inside the inner heat chamber 112 generate heat. The heat, aided by the compression effect of the bladder's contraction, is directionally sprayed through the vent holes connecting the inner annular surface of the bladder to the inner heat chamber 112 to the docking area between the anchor rod and the foundation. This actively melts frost on the anchor rod surface, preventing localized condensation of the grout due to frost, and also creates a localized constant-temperature space based on the thermal insulation performance of the thermal insulation expansion bladder 11. After grouting is completed, further grouting can continue... The heating components are powered on for maintenance, and the heating defrosting and maintenance process is completely synchronized with the foundation assembly. No additional procedures are required, which effectively reduces the time spent working outdoors in extremely cold environments, reduces construction costs and the risk of frostbite to personnel. In addition, during the foundation assembly stage, the drive rack 13 drives the booster wheel 1224 to rotate through the meshing drive gear 1227, bevel gear set 1226, and toothed pulley set 1225. This causes the grout stop pad 122 to rotate and move down along the anchor bolt thread. The thread teeth can mechanically scrape off the thin ice or frost layer on the anchor bolt surface, forming a dual mechanical and thermal protection with the heat spray defrosting of the inner heat chamber 112.

[0044] As one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1and Figure 8 As shown, the pulling structure 2 includes a pulling frame 21. The center of the bottom of the pulling frame 21 has a through-hole for the anchor rod. Inside the pulling frame 21, above the through-hole, are two constraint sliding rods 22 connected by bolts, which are movable and constrained by a support arm 24. The center of the support arm 24, directly opposite the through-hole of the anchor rod, is fitted with a stiffener clamp 23 for clamping and fixing the anchor rod. The lower surfaces of the two ends of the support arm 24 are connected by bolts to the output end of a spring rod 251 that extends and retracts under a predetermined pressure. The lower piston end of the spring rod 251 extends along the liquid pipe 2. The inner wall of 5 is sealed and moved, and is constrained by the movement of the internal space of the liquid pipe 25. The spring rod 251 includes an outer tube with a piston mounted at the lower end, an inner spring, and an output rod elastically connected to the inner spring in the outer tube. The tension of the inner spring is greater than the maximum tension in the standard tensile test. The spring rod 251 is selected according to the standard tensile test to be performed. The lower end of the liquid pipe 25 also has an interface for safe liquid hydraulic circulation and is connected to the hydraulic pipe 113 with a multi-port pipeline.

[0045] During operation, the push rod 14 moves along the inner wall of the rigid isolation pipe and the hydraulic pipe 113 under the traction of the tension spring 144, pushing the safety liquid in the pipe. The liquid rushes into the liquid pipe 25, pushing the spring rod 251 upward, which drives the support arm 24 and the anchor rod fixed by the rib clamp 23 to complete the predetermined tensile pull-out test.

[0046] In summary, by setting up a hydraulic linkage system between the coordinating anchoring structure 1 and the pull-out structure 2, when the push rod 14 of the coordinating anchoring structure 1 moves under the traction of the pull spring 144, it can push the safety fluid in the hydraulic pipe 113 and drive the spring rod 251 of the pull-out structure 2 to move upward, thereby driving the anchor rod fixed by the support arm 24 and the reinforcing bar clamp 23 to complete the pull-out test. There is no need to equip it with special pull-out equipment, realizing the synchronous operation of assembly and pull-out test, which greatly shortens the outdoor construction time in extremely cold environments. At the same time, the spring rod 251 can automatically retract and buffer when the liquid pressure exceeds the limit, avoiding damage to the anchor rod due to overload, and ensuring the safety of the test and the structural integrity of the anchor rod.

[0047] Working Principle: During operation, a total station is first used to accurately mark the coordinates of the four corners of the foundation, and ink lines are drawn as the reference for foundation placement. This ensures that the edges and corners of the foundation are precisely aligned with the ink lines. The anchor holes for the precast concrete foundation are pre-drilled in the factory during the prefabrication stage according to the design requirements, eliminating the need for on-site drilling. Then, the coordinating anchoring structure 1 is assembled and positioned at the anchor positions of the precast concrete foundation to be assembled. During assembly, it is crucial to ensure a one-to-one correspondence between the anchor and the crank arm 12, with the anchor precisely inserted into the axial position of the crank arm 12's handle, making tight contact with the elastic buckle 121 and the grout stop pad 122, and being constrained and fixed by them. This ensures the relative position stability of the coordinating anchoring structure 1 and the anchor. Next, the precast concrete foundation to be hoisted... Push rods were installed at the reserved positions on the concrete foundation. Simultaneously, pull-out tests of anchor bolts were conducted in a nearby area that would not affect the main building foundation construction. The pull-out frame 21 was assembled and positioned at the selected anchor bolt location. The test anchor bolt was inserted into the reinforcing bar clamp 23 through the insertion hole at the bottom of the pull-out frame 21. The upper end of the anchor bolt was securely fixed by the reinforcing bar clamp 23. Then, two hydraulic pipes 25 were connected to all hydraulic pipes 113 using a multi-port pipeline to establish a hydraulic transmission path, preparing for subsequent pull-out tests and foundation assembly. The hoisting operation of the precast concrete foundation was then initiated. A crane was used for initial hoisting. Because the precast concrete foundation had its hoisting points detailed and reserved during factory prefabrication, it could be directly adapted to hoisting equipment for convenient hoisting and installation. During the hoisting process, technicians... With assistance, the foundation is slowly lowered to the anchor bolt position. During descent, the push rod mounted on the precast concrete foundation first contacts the surface of the bladder plate above the thermal insulation expansion bladder 11 and applies pushing force, causing the thermal insulation expansion bladder 11 to contract and move downward. At this time, the drive rack 13 and the thermal insulation expansion bladder 11 generate relative motion. The drive gear 1227 located inside the thermal insulation expansion bladder 11 meshes with the drive rack 13 for transmission. The rotating drive gear 1227 is transmitted sequentially through the bevel gear set 1226 and the toothed belt pulley set 1225, ultimately driving the booster wheel 1224 to rotate. The booster wheel 1224 then drives the grout sealing pad 122 to rotate rapidly. Since the inner ring surface of the grout sealing pad 122 is provided with threads that match the surface of the anchor bolt, it will rotate along the anchor bolt threads during rotation. The synchronous rotation and downward movement of the grooves coordinate with the contraction of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11. As the heat-insulating telescopic bladder 11 continues to compress, the anti-grouting pad 122 drives the upper crank arm 12 to move downward, and the included angle between the crank arms 12 gradually decreases, generating a rotational torsional effect on the torsion spring 142. At the same time, the crank arm 12 pushes the push rod 14 through the spring push rod 143, causing the push rod 14 to move along the rigid isolation pipeline and the inner wall of the hydraulic pipe 113 under the traction of the stretched tension spring 144. This pushes the safety liquid pre-filled in the hydraulic pipe 113, and the safety liquid flows into the corresponding liquid pipe 25 through the connecting pipeline, pushing the spring rod 251 in the liquid pipe 25 to move upward. The spring rod 251 then drives the support arm 24 and the anchor rod fixed by the reinforcing bar clamp 23.This system enables pull-out tests on anchor bolts within a predetermined tensile force range. (During this process, sensors can be used to acquire complete pull-out test data. For example, a force sensor is installed between the spring rod 251 and the support arm 24; commonly used models include the WIKAF6137 hydraulic ring force sensor, the HBM U9C high-precision S-type sensor, and the KEPRE CPR38 tensile / compression sensor. When subjected to force, it produces a slight deformation; the real-time tensile force is calculated from the electrical signal converted from the deformation, and the maximum tensile force value is recorded.) A displacement sensor is aligned with the support arm 24, and the distance the support arm 24 moves (i.e., the degree of anchor bolt deformation) is measured in real-time using laser or induction methods. Commonly used models include the Keyence LK-G5000 laser displacement sensor and the Beiwei Sensing SDVB20Z. (e.g., LVDT displacement sensor or XH-150mm anchor cable displacement gauge) If the injected safety liquid pressure exceeds the predetermined tension range, the spring rod 251 will compress to buffer the pressure and ensure test safety. During the movement of the push rod 14, the continuous pulling force of the pull spring 144 will pull the crank arm 12, whose included angle gradually decreases. Under the combined action of the elastic buckle 121, the positioning insert rod 1221, the positioning spring 1211, and the pressure adjusting spring 1222, the crank arm 12 is always constrained. When the pulling force of the tension spring 144 reaches a threshold, the push rod 14 pulls the two crank arms 12 through the spring push rod 143. This causes the elastic buckle 121 and the grout-stopping pad 122 inside the crank arm 12 handle to break through the elastic potential energy of the positioning spring 1211 and the pressure regulating spring 1222. Under the pressure of the anchor rod, the elastic buckle 121 compresses the positioning spring 1211 and unfolds, while the grout-stopping pad 122 moves out from the crank arm 12 handle and is threaded onto the anchor rod, thus achieving the connection between the crank arm 12 handle and the anchor rod. The anchor bolt is separated, and the separated crank arm 12 is pulled into the receiving groove 111 for containment. At this time, the precast concrete foundation is gradually assembled and connected with the anchor bolt under the lifting of the crane. During this process, the electric heating component of the inner heat chamber 112 inside the heat-insulating expansion bladder 11 is energized to generate heat. The heat-insulating expansion bladder 11 in the contracted state will spray the heat in the inner heat chamber 112 to the anchor bolt area between the precast concrete foundation and the heat-insulating expansion bladder 11 through airflow, heating and insulating the assembly area, effectively reducing the temperature drop. The extreme cold environment affects the assembly process. Meanwhile, the protruding drive toothed rod 13, arranged around the perimeter of the precast concrete foundation, guides and calibrates the verticality of the foundation and the position of the anchor rods. After the precast concrete foundation and anchor rods are connected and assembled, subsequent grouting operations can be carried out. After grouting, the electric heating components of the inner heat chamber 112 can continue to be powered to cure the grouted foundation and anchor rods. After curing, the co-anchoring structure 1 and the pull-out structure 2 can be removed and manually reset for future reuse.

[0048] It should be noted that most of the inlet slide 111 can be compressed, but the hole through which the push rod 14 passes and the area that houses the crank arm 12 after compression are rigidly isolated and cannot be compressed.

[0049] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundations and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments, characterized in that, include: Collaborative anchoring structure (1); Pull-out structure (2) is set on one side of the coordinating anchoring structure (1) and is connected to the coordinating anchoring structure (1) through a pipeline; The collaborative anchoring structure (1) includes a heat-insulating telescopic bladder (11), which has an internal heat chamber (112). The inner ring surface of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder (11) is recessed into a groove (111) at each anchor rod adjacent to the internal heat chamber (112), and the groove (111) is fitted with a scissor-shaped crank arm (12) that slides against the wall. The crank arms (12) are connected to each other by a connecting kit (141) that restricts movement at both ends. The upper crank arm (12) has an elastically positioned anti-grouting pad (122) that rotates in the open constraint wheel chamber. The anti-grouting pad (122) has a power assist wheel (1224) that is closely attached to the transmission surface. The power assist wheel (1224) is fitted with a bearing inside the crank arm (12). 4) The shaft end of the crank arm (12) passes through the handle end and is connected to one of the bevel gears of the bevel gear set (1226) through the toothed belt pulley set (1225). One of the bevel gears of the bevel gear set (1226) is connected to the shaft end of the drive gear (1227) which is rotated and constrained inside the heat insulation telescopic bladder (11) through the bearing. The wheel side of the drive gear (1227) meshes with the drive rack (13) which is separately isolated inside the heat insulation telescopic bladder (11). The lower end of the drive rack (13) is fixed to the bottom plate of the heat insulation telescopic bladder (11). The bushing of the connecting kit (141) is fitted with a push rod (14) with clearance. The surface of the push rod (14) is fitted with a movable connector and two spring push rods (143) are connected to the upper and lower sides. The movable ends of the two spring push rods (143) are also connected to the adjacent crank arm (12) through the movable connector.

2. The synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundation and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the inner heat chamber (112) is equipped with a flexible electrothermal component arranged along a ring path, and the heat-insulating telescopic bladder (11) is initially higher than the height of the anchor rod.

3. The synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundation and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting kit (141) has an integral bushing that extends vertically through the connecting kit (141) at its center position. The crank arm (12) is fitted onto the shaft of the connecting kit (141). The end of the crank arm (12) is elastically rotated between the bushing of the connecting kit (141) and the crank arm (142). The arms of the two crank arms (12) slide out from the flared opening of the receiving groove (111) and the handles of the two crank arms (12) have openings facing the anchor rod for docking.

4. The synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundation and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crank arm (12) located below has an annular through-loop inside the handle end, and the loop is elastically connected to an elastic buckle (121) with a positioning spring (1211) positioned inside. The intersecting ends of the elastic buckle (121) that pass through the loop have a rounded transition that is inclined to facilitate pressure separation when facing the anchor rod surface.

5. The synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundation and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner annular surface of the grout-stopping pad (122) in contact with the anchor rod has a texture that engages with the threaded surface of the anchor rod. The upper or lower surface, or the upper and lower surfaces together, of the grout-stopping pad (122) has an annular constraint slot formed by a recess. The slot engages with the lower ball end of the positioning rod (1221) in a rolling fit. The slot opening has a rounded transition to facilitate release from the rotation constraint state. The rod body of the positioning rod (1221) extends through the end of the crank arm (12) and is inserted into the pressure regulating pipe (1223) correspondingly connected to the end surface of the crank arm (12). The pressure regulating pipe (1223) port is provided with a... The positioning rod (1221) is located inside the pressure regulating pipe (1223). An annular plate of the same size as the inside of the pressure regulating pipe (1223) is integrally provided on the upper side of the rod body. A pressure regulating spring (1222) is elastically connected to the rod body on the lower surface of the annular plate in a sleeved form. The positioning rod (1221) is rotated to cooperate with the pressure regulating pipe (1223) and the pressure regulating spring (1222) to adjust the pressure of the lower end of the positioning rod (1221) in the constraint slot on the surface of the grout stop pad (122). The circumferential side of the grout stop pad (122) is equipped with an anti-slip sealing component as required.

6. The synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundation and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The toothed pulley assembly (1225) consists of two toothed pulleys that are keyed to the booster wheel (1224) and the bevel gear assembly (1226) respectively, and a toothed belt that drives the toothed pulleys. The toothed pulleys connected to the toothed pulley assembly (1225) and the bevel gear assembly (1226) are all connected to the interior of the heat-insulating telescopic bladder (11) with bearings.

7. The synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundation and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The toothed belt pulley group (1225), bevel gear group (1226) and drive gear (1227) are all located in the transmission space inside the upper bladder plate of the heat insulation expansion bladder (11), and the upper bladder plate of the heat insulation expansion bladder (11) is compressed by the push rod pre-assembled on the surface of the precast concrete foundation.

8. The synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundation and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two crank arms (12) are connected by a fitting (141) at their proximal ends, which are movably confined within the retraction groove (111). The end of the push rod (14) away from the crank arm (12) passes through the retraction groove (111) to the interior of a hydraulic tube (113) bolted to the outer annular surface of the thermally insulated telescopic bladder (11). The end of the hydraulic tube (113) located inside the hydraulic tube (113) has a movable-sealed piston, and the end face of the piston is elastically connected to a pull spring (144) elastically connected to the end of the hydraulic tube (113). The pull spring (144) is initially in a stretched state. The interior of the hydraulic tube (113) stores any safety fluid, and the pipe of the hydraulic tube (113) has an interface for safe fluid hydraulic circulation.

9. The synergistic anchoring device for precast concrete foundation and anchor bolts in extremely cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulling structure (2) includes a pulling frame (21). The center of the bottom of the pulling frame (21) has a through anchor rod insertion hole. Inside the pulling frame (21), above the insertion hole, two constraint slide rods (22) connected by bolts are connected to a support arm (24). The center of the support arm (24) is equipped with a rib clamp (23) for clamping and fixing the anchor rod. The lower surfaces of the two arms of the support arm (24) are connected to the spring rod (251) by bolts. The lower piston end of the spring rod (251) moves along the inner wall of the liquid pipe (25) in a sealed manner and is constrained by the movement of the internal space of the liquid pipe (25). The lower end of the liquid pipe (25) also has an interface for safe liquid hydraulic circulation and is connected to the hydraulic pipe (113) with a multi-port pipeline.

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