Full-section tunnel convergence deformation measuring device, method and system
By using flexible target components and image processing technology, efficient and accurate monitoring of convergence deformation of the entire tunnel section is achieved, solving the problems of high investment and poor stability of existing equipment, adapting to complex geological conditions, and reducing operating costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511376060.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing tunnel convergence deformation monitoring equipment suffers from high investment in measurement equipment, poor instrument stability, high failure rate, and a limited number of measurement points, resulting in low monitoring efficiency and poor accuracy, making it difficult to achieve full-section monitoring.
A flexible target assembly, including a flexible strip and a mounting base, is used. Images are acquired and processed by an imaging device to identify the target position and contour, calculate the convergence deformation value, and draw a deformation distribution map.
It has achieved efficient and accurate monitoring of tunnel convergence deformation across the entire cross section, adapting to complex geological conditions, reducing operating costs, and improving monitoring efficiency and accuracy.
Smart Images
Figure CN121112931A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, and particularly relates to a full-face tunnel convergence deformation measuring device, method and system. BACKGROUND
[0002] Tunnel engineering is developing towards large span, high buried depth and complex geological conditions, and engineering accidents such as collapse, roof fall and water inrush often occur during construction. Once the accident occurs, it will at least affect the construction progress and damage the construction machinery, and at most cause heavy casualties. Safety monitoring is an important technical means to ensure tunnel safety.
[0003] Among the many monitoring items of tunnel safety monitoring, convergence deformation monitoring is the most intuitive, the most numerous and the most important monitoring item, but it has defects such as low monitoring efficiency and poor precision. At present, tunnel convergence deformation monitoring is usually monitored by burying convergence piles and using convergence meters or total stations; there are also cases of automatic monitoring by using machine vision, laser ranging, measuring robots and grating optical cable devices, but due to the problems of high equipment investment, poor instrument stability and high failure rate, it has not been widely promoted. When monitoring by convergence piles, usually only 3-5 measuring points are buried, and the change between the measuring points is measured, which is easy to miss the local deformation due to the small number of measuring points.
[0004] Based on this, the present application is proposed. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application aims to provide a full-face tunnel convergence deformation measuring device, method and system to solve the problem of low efficiency of current convergence deformation monitoring, and to provide strong technical support for ensuring tunnel safety. To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: A full-face tunnel convergence deformation measuring device, comprising a target assembly, the target assembly comprising a target and a mounting seat, the target being a flexible strip in the shape of a circular bar, the mounting seat being used for fixing on the inner wall of the tunnel, the front surface of the mounting seat being provided with a clamping groove, the bottom surface of the clamping groove being provided with a hole and a fixing screw for being screwed into the inner wall of the tunnel, and the side of the flexible strip facing the clamping groove being provided with a clamping block for being embedded in the clamping groove.
[0006] Further, the clamping groove is an inverted trapezoid, and the clamping block is an inverted trapezoid matching the clamping groove.
[0007] Further, the flexible strip and the clamping block are made of polyurethane material.
[0008] Further, the surface of the flexible strip is provided with a reflective layer.
[0009] A full-face tunnel convergence deformation measurement method based on the full-face tunnel convergence deformation measurement device; The method comprises the following steps: S1. uniformly fixing a plurality of mounting seats at a detection section of the tunnel, and fixing a flexible strip on the mounting seats; S2. setting an imaging device at a preset distance and height in front of the detection section, and acquiring an image of the detection section by the imaging device; S3. processing the image, and identifying and calculating a position and a contour of the target; S4. selecting two points A and B on the target in the image, a straight line connecting the two points A and B is coincident with an X axis, and a straight line distance between the two points A and B is not less than a maximum width of the tunnel, and taking the point A as a starting point of the X axis; S5. taking the point A as a starting point, measuring a pixel length from the point A to the point B along the contour of the target, defining a first measured pixel length as L0, a second measured pixel length as L1, and a nth measured pixel length as Ln; dividing the contour of the target between the points A and B into m parts along the pixel length Ln, and obtaining m+1 measurement points on the contour of the target; S6. taking a result of the first measurement as an initial value, calculating distances between each measurement point in each measurement and a corresponding measurement point in the first measurement, and taking the distances as convergence deformation measurement values of the detection section of the tunnel; S7. drawing a convergence deformation distribution diagram of the detection section of the tunnel according to the convergence deformation measurement values.
[0010] Further, in step S3, the step S3 includes a step S31, an image preprocessing process: Median filtering or Gaussian filtering is adopted to eliminate acquisition noise, and histogram equalization is adopted to enhance a contrast between a crack and a background; when the image is affected by uneven illumination, a local area brightness and a contrast are dynamically adjusted.
[0011] Further, in step S3, the step S3 includes a step S32, image graying and binarization: An RGB image is converted into a gray image, an image is binarized by Otsu adaptive threshold segmentation, and a target area is separated.
[0012] Further, in step S3, the step S3 includes a step S33, target feature extraction: A Canny operator or an improved morphological gradient method is adopted to extract a target edge contour.
[0013] Further, in step S3, the step S3 includes a step S34, morphological processing: A closing operation is utilized to fill a broken contour, an opening operation is utilized to eliminate isolated noise points, a target continuity is optimized, and a target position is calculated.
[0014] A full-face tunnel convergence deformation measurement system for the full-face tunnel convergence deformation measurement method, comprising: The target assembly is arranged on the tunnel detection section. An imaging device is arranged at a preset position to collect images containing the target; An image processing module is configured to pre-process, grayscale, and binarize the collected images, extract target features, and optimize the morphology to identify and calculate the target position. A deformation calculation module is configured to calculate the convergence deformation measurement value based on the change in the target pixel position. A data visualization module is configured to generate and display a convergence deformation distribution map of the tunnel section.
[0015] The present application has the following advantages: The flexible target is arranged on the tunnel detection section, and the shape of the target is the shape of the detection section. Two points on the target that cover the maximum width of the detection section in the X direction are selected, and the target profile between the two points is divided into m parts to form measurement points that cover the entire section. The convergence deformation value of the detection section is determined by measuring the offset distance of the corresponding measurement points. This method has the advantages of multiple measurement points, high measurement efficiency, and high precision. It can effectively track the convergence deformation of the tunnel and provide strong technical support for ensuring the safety of the tunnel. The flexible target can be flexibly arranged according to the specific shape and size of the tunnel, adapting to various complex geological conditions and construction environments, and being easy to install, disassemble, and maintain, thereby reducing operating costs. The flexibility of the flexible strip can directly reflect the convergence deformation of the detection section. The flexible strip made of polyurethane has good flexibility and corrosion resistance, and the stable installation method ensures the stability of the device during long-term use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the target assembly in the embodiment. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the target assembly installed on the tunnel detection section in the embodiment. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of dividing the target profile between AB into m parts to form m+1 measurement points in the embodiment. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the convergence deformation distribution of the tunnel section in the embodiment.
[0017] REFERENCE NUMERALS 1, mounting seat; 2, flexible strip; 3, fixing screw; 4, clamping block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., used in this document indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0019] This embodiment proposes a full-section tunnel convergence deformation measurement device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a target assembly, comprising a target and a mounting base 1. The target is a circular, flexible strip 2. The mounting base 1 is used to fix it to the inner wall of the tunnel. A slot is formed on the front of the mounting base 1, and a hole is opened at the center of the bottom surface of the slot, through which a fixing screw 3 is inserted for driving into the inner wall of the tunnel. A locking block 4 is provided on the side of the flexible strip 2 facing the slot for embedding into the slot. This fixing method can secure the target while ensuring that the mounting base 1 does not obstruct the target.
[0020] During installation, first, fix the mounting base 1 to the inner wall of the tunnel detection section using fixing screws 3. At the detection section, fix one mounting base approximately every 20cm to ensure synchronous deformation of the tunnel and the target. Then, insert the locking block 4 on the flexible strip 2 into the slot of the mounting base to secure the flexible strip 2 to the inner wall of the detection section. Figure 2 As shown, the flexible strip 2 is almost in contact with the inner wall of the test section. The points on the flexible strip 2 can be equated with the points on the test section. The flexibility of the flexible strip 2 can directly reflect the convergence deformation of the test section.
[0021] Preferably, the slot in this embodiment is an inverted trapezoid, and the locking block 4 is an inverted trapezoid that matches the slot. Of course, other shapes such as an inverted T-shape can also be used. In addition, both the flexible strip 2 and the locking block 4 are made of polyurethane, which has good flexibility and corrosion resistance. Combined with the stable installation method, this ensures the stability of the device during long-term use.
[0022] To facilitate the system's ability to identify target outlines and improve monitoring accuracy and efficiency, this embodiment provides a reflective layer on the surface of the flexible strip 2. The reflective layer can be attached to the surface of the flexible strip in the form of luminescent paint or reflective film.
[0023] This embodiment also proposes a method for measuring the convergence deformation of a full-section tunnel, including the following steps: S1. As Figure 2 As shown, several mounting seats are evenly fixed at the detection section of the tunnel, and the flexible strip is fixed on the mounting seats; S2. An imaging device is set at a preset distance and height in front of the detection section, and the image of the detection section is acquired through the imaging device; S3. Process the image to identify and calculate the target's position and contour; the specific processing steps are as follows: S31. Image preprocessing: Median filtering or Gaussian filtering is used to eliminate image noise; histogram equalization is used to enhance the contrast between the target and the background; for uneven illumination, a local adaptive brightness and contrast adjustment algorithm is used to improve the visibility of the target in complex backgrounds. S32. Image grayscale conversion and binarization: Convert the RGB image to a grayscale image, and use the Otsu adaptive thresholding method to binarize the image to separate the target region from the background; S33. Target Feature Extraction: Extract the target edge contour using the Canny edge detection operator or an improved morphological gradient method; S34. Morphological processing: Perform closing operations on the binary image to fill edge breaks, perform opening operations to eliminate isolated noise, optimize the continuity of the target contour, and accurately calculate the target position based on the processed contour. S4. For example Figure 3 As shown, points A and B are selected on the target in the image. The straight line connecting points A and B coincides with the X-axis, and the straight-line distance between A and B is not less than the maximum width of the tunnel. A is taken as the starting point of the X-axis. The tunnel cross-section structure in the attached figure represents most tunnel shapes. Generally, points A and B are located on both sides of the bottom of the tunnel inspection section. Since the target is closely attached to the inner wall of the inspection section, the points on the target can be equated to the corresponding points in the tunnel. S5. Starting from point A, measure the pixel length between point A and point B along the target outline. Define the pixel length of the first measurement as L0, the pixel length of the second measurement as L1, and so on, with the pixel length of the nth measurement being Ln. Since the calculation is performed on the image, pixel length is used. The actual length of the pixel can be calculated (the actual length equals the pixel representation length × the pixel length, which is common knowledge and will not be elaborated here). Along pixel length Ln, the target contour between points A and B is divided into m parts, forming m+1 measurement points, as follows: Figure 3 The measurement points shown are LnX0, LnX1, LnX2, ..., LnXm. The value of m determines the number of measurement points. That is, the measurement points can be added or removed as needed, which is convenient, efficient and accurate. S6. Using the result of the first measurement as the initial value, calculate the distance between each measurement point in each subsequent measurement and the corresponding measurement point in the first measurement, and use this distance as the convergence deformation measurement value of the tunnel detection section; S7. For example Figure 4As shown, according to the calculated convergence deformation measurement value, a convergence deformation distribution diagram of the tunnel detection section is drawn.
[0024] In addition, the embodiment further provides a full-face tunnel convergence deformation measurement system, comprising: An imaging device is configured to collect images containing the target at preset positions; An image processing module is configured to pre-process, grayscale and binarize the collected images, extract target features and perform morphological optimization, and identify and calculate target positions; A deformation calculation module is configured to calculate the convergence deformation measurement value based on the change of the target pixel position; A data visualization module is configured to generate and display a convergence deformation distribution diagram of the tunnel section.
[0025] The above embodiments are only used to explain the concept of the present application, and are not a limitation on the protection of the present application. Any non-substantial modification of the present application using the concept shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A device for measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel, characterized by, The target assembly comprises a target and a mounting base, the target is a flexible strip in the shape of a round bar, the mounting base is used for being fixed on the inner wall of a tunnel, the front surface of the mounting base is provided with a clamping groove, the bottom surface of the clamping groove is provided with a hole in the center and is provided with a fixing screw for being screwed into the inner wall of the tunnel, and the side of the flexible strip facing the clamping groove is provided with a clamping block for being embedded into the clamping groove.
2. A device for measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel as claimed in claim 1, wherein The clamping groove is in the shape of an inverted trapezoid, and the clamping block is also in the shape of an inverted trapezoid matching the clamping groove.
3. A device for measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel according to claim 1, wherein The flexible strip and the clamping block are both made of polyurethane material.
4. A device for measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel according to claim 1, wherein The surface of the flexible strip is provided with a reflective layer.
5. A method of measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel, characterized by, The full-face tunnel convergence deformation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps: S1. fixing a plurality of mounting bases uniformly at a detection section of a tunnel, and fixing a flexible strip on the mounting bases; S2. setting an imaging device at a preset distance and height in front of the detection section, and acquiring an image of the detection section by the imaging device; S3. processing the image, and identifying and calculating the position and contour of the target; S4. selecting two points A and B on the target in the image, the straight line connecting the two points A and B is coincident with the X axis, the straight line distance between the two points A and B is not less than the maximum width of the tunnel, and the point A is the starting point of the X axis; S5. taking the point A as the starting point, measuring the pixel length between the points A and B along the contour of the target, defining the first measured pixel length as L0, the second measured pixel length as L1, and so on, and the nth measured pixel length as Ln; dividing the contour of the target between the points A and B along the pixel length Ln into m parts, and obtaining m+1 measuring points on the contour of the target; S6. taking the first measured result as the initial value, calculating the distance between each measuring point in each subsequent measurement and the corresponding measuring point in the first measurement, and taking the distance as the convergence deformation value of the detection section of the tunnel; S7. drawing a convergence deformation distribution diagram of the detection section of the tunnel according to the convergence deformation values.
6. The method of measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel according to claim 5, wherein In step S3, the image preprocessing process in step S31 is included: Median filtering or Gaussian filtering is used to eliminate acquisition noise, and histogram equalization is used to enhance the contrast between the crack and the background; when the image is affected by uneven illumination, the local region brightness and contrast are dynamically adjusted.
7. A method of measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel according to claim 6, wherein In step S3, the image graying and binarization process in step S32 is included: The RGB image is converted into a grayscale image, the image is binarized by Otsu adaptive threshold segmentation, and the target area is separated.
8. The method of measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel of claim 7, wherein, In step S3, the target feature extraction process in step S33 is included: The Canny operator or the improved morphological gradient method is used to extract the target edge contour.
9. The method of measuring convergence deformation of a full-face tunnel of claim 8, wherein, In step S3, the morphological processing process in step S34 is included: The closed operation is used to fill the broken contour, the open operation is used to eliminate isolated noise points, the continuity of the target contour is optimized, and the target position is calculated.
10. A full-face tunnel convergence deformation measurement system, characterized in that, The full-face tunnel convergence deformation measuring method according to any one of claims 5 to 9 comprises: The target assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is arranged at the detection section of the tunnel; The imaging device is used for acquiring images containing the target at a preset position; The image processing module is used for preprocessing, graying, binarizing, target feature extraction and morphological optimization of the acquired images, identifying and calculating the target position; and The image processing module is used for preprocessing, graying, binarizing, target feature extraction and morphological optimization of the acquired images, identifying and calculating the target position; and a deformation calculation module configured to calculate a convergence deformation measurement based on a change in the target pixel position; a data visualization module configured to generate and display a convergence deformation distribution map of the tunnel section.