Microwave electric field measurement method and device based on singular point enhancement, electronic equipment, storage medium and computer program product

Abstract

The invention relates to a microwave electric field measurement method and device based on singular point enhancement, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a computer program product, and the method comprises the steps: employing a detection light beam and a coupling light beam to excite alkali metal atoms in a ground state in a microwave electric field measurement system to a Rydberg state, and obtaining an initial detection medium, the coupling beam and the detection beam resonate and have opposite light paths; adjusting the initial detection medium by using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermite system; determining a response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-detected microwave electric field; and determining a measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured according to the response signal. According to the invention, a nonlinear enhancement mechanism can be introduced in the measurement process of the microwave electric field, so that the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field is approximate to the square root of the electric field intensity of the to-be-measured microwave electric field, and the sensitivity of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the fields of quantum precision measurement technology, electromagnetic field sensing technology and atomic spectroscopy technology, and particularly relates to a microwave electric field measurement method and device based on singular point enhancement, an electronic device, a storage medium and a computer program product. BACKGROUND

[0002] The conventional electric field detection technology in the prior art usually relies on a metal antenna or a field probe to indirectly realize the measurement of the microwave electric field by measuring an induced current, which is difficult to realize small volume, high resolution and absolute traceable measurement, and will cause reverse disturbance to the microwave electric field. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a non-contact microwave electric field measurement method with high sensitivity. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a technical solution of a microwave electric field measurement method and device based on singular point enhancement, an electronic device, a storage medium and a computer program product.

[0004] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a microwave electric field measurement method based on singular point enhancement is provided, which comprises: exciting alkali metal atoms in a ground state in a microwave electric field measurement system to a Rydberg state by using a detection light beam and a coupling light beam to obtain an initial detection medium, wherein the coupling light beam is resonant with the detection light beam and the optical paths are opposite; adjusting the initial detection medium by using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermite system; determining a response signal of the target detection medium to a to-be-measured microwave electric field; and determining a measurement result corresponding to the to-be-measured microwave electric field according to the response signal.

[0005] In a possible implementation manner, the microwave electric field measurement system comprises a laser generating unit, an atomic cell, a microwave coupling unit and a signal detection and processing unit.

[0006] In a possible implementation manner, the exciting alkali metal atoms in a ground state in a microwave electric field measurement system to a Rydberg state by using a detection light beam and a coupling light beam to obtain an initial detection medium comprises: exciting the alkali metal atoms in the ground state to an intermediate state by using the detection light beam to obtain alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state; and exciting the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to a Rydberg state by using the coupling light beam to obtain the initial detection medium.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the adjusting the initial detection medium by using the adjustable microwave electric field to obtain the target detection medium in the singular point state of the non-Hermitian system comprises: determining a target power according to a Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial detection medium; applying the adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium, and adjusting a real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field to the target power to obtain the target detection medium.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the adjusting the initial detection medium by using the adjustable microwave electric field to obtain the target detection medium in the singular point state of the non-Hermitian system comprises: applying the adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium, determining an electromagnetically induced transparency-anti-Tam-Daniel (EIT-AT) splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium; and adjusting a real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at a splitting point position to obtain the target detection medium.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the determining the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field comprises: applying the to-be-measured microwave electric field to the target detection medium to determine an EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium; and determining the response signal according to the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium and the splitting point position.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a microwave electric field measurement device based on singular point enhancement is provided, which comprises: an initialization module configured to excite alkali metal atoms in a ground state to a Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system by using a probe light beam and a coupling light beam to obtain an initial detection medium, wherein the coupling light beam is resonant with the probe light beam and has an opposite optical path; a microwave coupling module configured to adjust the initial detection medium by using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermitian system; a signal detection module configured to determine a response signal of the target detection medium to a to-be-measured microwave electric field; and a signal processing module configured to determine a measurement result corresponding to the to-be-measured microwave electric field according to the response signal.

[0011] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, which comprises a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above method.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-volatile computer readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the above method.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, or a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium carrying the computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above method.

[0014] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the alkali metal atoms in the ground state in the microwave electric field measurement system can be excited to the Rydberg state by using the probe light beam and the coupling light beam which resonate and have opposite light paths, to obtain an initial detection medium; and then the initial detection medium is adjusted by using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermitian system, so that a nonlinear enhancement mechanism can be introduced in the measurement process of the microwave electric field, so that the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field is approximately the square root of the electric field strength of the to-be-measured microwave electric field, and the sensitivity of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field is improved. By determining the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field, the measurement result corresponding to the to-be-measured microwave electric field can be determined according to the response signal. Compared with the measurement method in the prior art which needs to accurately lock the frequency and finely tune the coupling light intensity and the position of the detection window, the present disclosure does not need to rely on the detailed matching of the laser frequency or the coupling light field intensity, can simplify the calibration structure required in the measurement system, has higher repeatability, and can be applied to more application scenarios.

[0015] Other features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present disclosure and serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of a microwave electric field measurement method based on a singular point enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A block diagram of a microwave electric field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of a microwave electric field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to a target detection medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A flowchart of a microwave electric field measurement process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 6A block diagram of a microwave electric field measurement device based on singularity point enhancement according to an embodiment of the disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 7 A block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the disclosure will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar elements. Although various aspects of embodiments are illustrated in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically noted.

[0025] As used herein, the terms "comprise", "comprising", "have", "having", "include", "including", "contain", "containing", or variants thereof, are open-ended, and include one or more stated features, integers, elements, steps, components or functions but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, elements, steps, components, functions or groups thereof.

[0026] When an element is referred to as being "connected", "coupled", "responsive", or "related" to another element, it can be directly connected, coupled, responsive, or related to the other element, or intervening elements can be present.

[0027] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used herein to describe various elements / operations, these elements / operations should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element / operation from another element / operation. Thus, a first element / operation in some embodiments can be termed a second element / operation in other embodiments without departing from the teachings of the present inventive concept.

[0028] The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations.

[0029] The term "and / or", used herein only to describe association relationship of associated objects, means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B at the same time, and the existence of B alone. In addition, the term "at least one" herein means any one of the plurality or any combination of at least two of the plurality, for example, including at least one of A, B, and C, which can mean including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0030] Moreover, for the purpose of providing a clear and concise disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in the detailed description inclosed below. However, it is understood that the disclosure set forth in this specification is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise forms disclosed. Rather, various modifications can be made in the details according to the teachings of the disclosure. For instance, elements described as having particular attribute values can be substituted for other elements having similar values. Similarly, elements described as having particular methods, means, components, and circuits can be substituted for other elements having similar functions. Unless otherwise specified, like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the description.

[0031] With the development of 5G / 6G communication, system-on-chip (SoC), and radio frequency interconnection technologies, high-sensitivity, wide-band, and non-contact measurement of microwave electric fields are required in many technical scenarios. However, the traditional electric field detection technology in the prior art usually relies on metal antennas or field probes to indirectly measure the microwave electric field by measuring induced current, which is difficult to achieve small size, high resolution, and absolute traceable measurement, and will cause reverse disturbance to the microwave electric field.

[0032] Therefore, the prior art proposes to use Rydberg atoms as a detection medium to respond to the measured microwave electric field by using the high electric dipole moment of Rydberg atoms, which can achieve non-invasive high-sensitivity electric field detection. This method is usually based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (AT splitting), which excites atoms from the ground state to the high-energy Rydberg state by laser, and analyzes the electric field strength of the measured microwave electric field in the EIT-AT splitting spectrum. Specifically, the relationship between the AT splitting peak value and the electric field strength of the measured microwave electric field can be expressed as formula (1):

[0033]

[0034] where E represents the electric field strength of the measured microwave electric field; μ represents the atomic transition dipole moment; h represents the Planck constant; and △f represents the AT splitting peak value.

[0035] Therefore, the electric field strength of the measured electric field can be directly determined by measuring the value of the AT splitting. The microwave electric field measurement system based on hot atomic gas is usually used in the prior art to obtain the signal change in the EIT-AT splitting spectrum by using the above principle to inversely deduce the electric field strength through transmission detection.

[0036] However, this technology usually relies on the analysis of high-resolution spectral lines in an ideal, low-noise environment, requires high stability of laser frequency, environmental temperature, and low electromagnetic interference environment, and other harsh measurement conditions to ensure that the entire measurement system can perform electric field measurement within the linear response range of the EIT-AT splitting signal.

[0037] Therefore, the present disclosure provides a microwave electric field measurement method based on singular point enhancement. The nonlinear enhancement mechanism can be introduced in the measurement process of the microwave electric field, so that the response signal of the target detection medium to the measured microwave electric field is approximately the square root of the electric field strength of the measured microwave electric field, and the sensitivity of the target detection medium to the measured microwave electric field is improved. The microwave electric field measurement method based on singular point enhancement provided by the present disclosure is described in detail below.

[0038] Figure 1 A flowchart of a microwave electric field measurement method based on singular point enhancement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The microwave electric field measurement method based on singular point enhancement can be executed by an electronic device such as a terminal device or a server. The terminal device can be a user equipment (UE), a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device, a computing device, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, etc. The microwave electric field measurement method based on singular point enhancement can be implemented by a processor calling computer readable instructions stored in a memory. Alternatively, the microwave electric field measurement method based on singular point enhancement can be executed by a server. As shown in Figure 1 The microwave electric field measurement method based on singular point enhancement includes the following steps.

[0039] In step S101, the alkali metal atoms in the ground state in the microwave electric field measurement system are excited to the Rydberg state by using a probe light beam and a coupling light beam, to obtain an initial detection medium, wherein the coupling light beam is resonant with the probe light beam and the optical path is opposite.

[0040] The specific form of the microwave electric field measurement system can refer to the implementation in the related art, and should meet the requirements of being able to generate the probe light beam and the coupling light beam, and having an atomic cell for accommodating the alkali metal atom vapor. The present disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the microwave electric field measurement system includes a laser generation unit, an atomic cell, a microwave coupling unit, and a signal detection and processing unit.

[0042] Figure 2 A block diagram of a microwave electric field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. As shown in Figure 2 The system 200 includes a laser generation unit 201, an atomic cell 202, a microwave coupling unit 203, and a signal detection and processing unit 204.

[0043] The laser generating unit 201 can be configured to emit a probe light beam and a coupling light beam resonating with the probe light beam. The specific form of the laser generating unit 201 can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0044] In an example, the laser generating unit 201 can include two independent resonant light sources respectively for emitting the probe light beam and the coupling light beam.

[0045] The specific form of the probe light beam and the coupling light beam can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements. For example, the probe light beam can be set as a laser with a wavelength of 780 nm, a frequency of 384.2288 THz, and a power of 40 μW, and the coupling light beam can be set as a laser with a wavelength of 480 nm, a frequency of 625.0804 THz, and a power of 320 mW.

[0046] The atomic cell 202 can be configured to accommodate alkali metal atom vapor as a basis for subsequent measurement of the to-be-measured microwave electric field. The specific form of the atomic cell can refer to the implementation in the related art, for example, a glass cell, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto. The specific form of the alkali metal atom can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements. For example, it can be set as a rubidium metal atom (Rb85) or the like, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0047] Further, the atomic cell 202 can also contain a buffer gas or have an anti-scattering coating attached to its inner wall to reduce collision scattering and dephasing phenomena during the measurement of the to-be-measured microwave electric field.

[0048] The microwave coupling unit 203 can be configured to apply an adjustable microwave electric field and / or a to-be-measured microwave electric field to the atomic cell 202. The specific form of the microwave coupling unit 203 can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements. For example, the microwave coupling unit 203 can include an adjustable microwave source and an antenna, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto. The microwave coupling unit 203 can be arranged outside the atomic cell 202 or arranged inside the atomic cell 202, and can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0049] The signal detection processing unit 204 can be configured to detect an electromagnetically induced transparency signal generated after the adjustable microwave electric field and / or the to-be-measured microwave electric field is applied to the atomic cell 202. The specific form of the signal detection processing unit 204 can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements. For example, the signal detection processing unit 204 can include an oscilloscope, a computer, and the like, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0050] In addition to the above structure, the components of the microwave electric field measurement system can be flexibly adjusted according to actual use requirements, for example, polaroid, mirror, beam splitter, wave plate, calcite translator and other optical elements can also be included, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0051] Figure 3 A structure diagram of a microwave electric field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. As shown in Figure 3 The system 300 includes a first light source 301 for emitting a probe light beam, a second light source 302 for emitting a coupling light beam, a third light source 303 for emitting a reference light beam, a dichroic mirror 304 and a dichroic mirror 305 for separating the probe light beam and the reference light beam, an atomic cell 306, and a microwave coupling unit 307. The reference light beam can be used for zero calibration of the system 300, which can improve the convenience and reliability of electric field measurement.

[0052] The probe light beam and the coupling light beam with resonance and opposite optical paths can excite the alkali metal atoms in the ground state in the microwave electric field measurement system to the Rydberg state, forming an initial detection medium capable of detecting the microwave electric field.

[0053] In the following, the process of exciting the alkali metal atoms in the ground state in the microwave electric field measurement system to the Rydberg state using the probe light beam and the coupling light beam will be described in detail in conjunction with possible implementations of the present disclosure, which will not be repeated here.

[0054] In step S102, the initial detection medium is adjusted using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermitian system.

[0055] The high electric dipole moment of the initial detection medium can directly respond to the measured microwave electric field, realizing non-invasive high-sensitivity microwave electric field measurement. However, in order to further improve the measurement accuracy and sensitivity and reduce the dependence of the measurement process on environmental stability, the initial detection medium needs to be adjusted to enhance the response sensitivity to the measured microwave electric field.

[0056] Specifically, an adjustable microwave electric field can be applied to the initial detection medium to couple the energy levels between any two different Rydberg states in the initial detection medium, for example, 71S 1 / 2 and 71P 1 / 2 , so that the initial detection medium forms a non-Hermitian system, and the Hamiltonian of the system has a singular point, obtaining a target detection medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermitian system. The specific parameters of the adjustable microwave electric field, such as the electric field strength, can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements, depending on the actual situation of the alkali metal atoms, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0057] Since the target detection medium is in the singular point state of the non-Hermitian system, the energy level result is also very sensitive to the slight perturbation, and has strong response ability to the microwave electric field with weak electric field intensity.

[0058] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to a target detection medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. As shown in the figure, Figure 4 When the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium splits, that is, is located at the singular point position, the target detection medium is in the singular point state of the non-Hermitian system, and the response of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field will show obvious nonlinear characteristics, that is, the EIT-AT spectrum peak value does not change linearly with the microwave electric field intensity, but is approximately proportional to the square root of the microwave electric field intensity. Therefore, compared with the linear response of the conventional EIT-AT splitting signal in the prior art, when the electric field intensity of the to-be-measured microwave electric field detected by the target detection medium changes slightly, the EIT-AT spectrum peak value will change obviously. This EP-induced nonlinear enhancement mechanism significantly improves the sensitivity of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field.

[0059] In the following, the process of adjusting the initial detection medium to obtain the target detection medium in the singular point state of the non-Hermitian system by using the adjustable microwave electric field will be described in detail in combination with possible implementation manners of the present disclosure, which will not be described here.

[0060] In step S103, the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field is determined.

[0061] The to-be-measured microwave electric field here can represent an unknown microwave electric field whose electric field intensity needs to be measured, and in the measurement process, the to-be-measured microwave electric field is additionally applied to the target detection medium on the basis of the adjustable microwave electric field mentioned above.

[0062] Based on the above principle, the to-be-measured microwave electric field is applied to the target detection medium, and the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field can be determined. The specific form of the response signal can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0063] In step S104, the measurement result corresponding to the to-be-measured microwave electric field is determined according to the response signal.

[0064] By recording the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field, the singular point enhancement characteristics of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field can be extracted, and then the measurement result corresponding to the to-be-measured microwave electric field can be determined, so as to realize high-sensitivity measurement of the to-be-measured microwave electric field. The specific method of determining the measurement result corresponding to the to-be-measured microwave electric field according to the response signal can refer to the implementation manners in the related art, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0065] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the alkali metal atoms in the ground state in the microwave electric field measurement system can be excited to the Rydberg state by using the probe light beam and the coupling light beam with resonance and opposite light paths, to obtain an initial detection medium; then the initial detection medium is adjusted by using an adjustable microwave electric field, to obtain a target detection medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermite system, so that a nonlinear enhancement mechanism can be introduced in the measurement process of the microwave electric field, so that the response signal of the target detection medium to the measured microwave electric field is approximately the square root of the electric field strength of the measured microwave electric field, and the sensitivity of the target detection medium to the measured microwave electric field is improved. By determining the response signal of the target detection medium to the measured microwave electric field, the measurement result corresponding to the measured microwave electric field can be determined according to the response signal. Compared with the measurement method in the prior art which needs to accurately lock the frequency and finely tune the coupling light intensity and the position of the detection window, the present application does not need to rely on the detailed matching of the laser frequency or the coupling light field intensity, can simplify the calibration structure required in the measurement system, has higher repeatability, and can be applied to more application scenarios.

[0066] In a possible implementation, the alkali metal atoms in the ground state in the microwave electric field measurement system are excited to the Rydberg state by using the probe light beam and the coupling light beam to obtain an initial detection medium, comprising: exciting the alkali metal atoms in the ground state to an intermediate state by using the probe light beam to obtain the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state; and exciting the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to the Rydberg state by using the coupling light beam to obtain the initial detection medium.

[0067] Specifically, the alkali metal atoms can be excited from the ground state to the intermediate state by using the probe light beam. For example, in the case that the alkali metal atoms are rubidium atoms and the wavelength of the probe light beam is 780 nm, the rubidium atoms can be excited from the 5S 1 / 2 energy level to the 5P 3 / 2 energy level, so as to obtain the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state.

[0068] The alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state can be excited to the Rydberg state by using the coupling light beam. For example, in the case that the alkali metal atoms are rubidium atoms and the wavelength of the coupling light beam is 480 nm, the rubidium atoms can be excited from the 5P 3 / 2 energy level to the 71S 1 / 2 energy level, so as to obtain the initial detection medium by using a two-photon resonance process, and to construct an electromagnetically induced transparency window.

[0069] In a possible implementation, the initial detection medium is adjusted by using the adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermitian system, including: determining a target power according to a Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial detection medium; and applying the adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium, and adjusting a real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field to the target power to obtain the target detection medium.

[0070] In a case where the type of the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial detection medium is known, the microwave electric field intensity required to adjust the initial detection medium to a non-Hermitian system can be calculated in advance according to the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial detection medium, and then the target power of the adjustable microwave electric field is determined. The specific method of determining the target power according to the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial detection medium can refer to the implementation in the related art, which is not limited in the present disclosure.

[0071] Adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field to the target power and applying the adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium can directly form a non-Hermitian system for the initial detection medium, and the Hamiltonian of the system has a singular point, thereby obtaining the target detection medium.

[0072] In a possible implementation, the initial detection medium is adjusted by using the adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermitian system, including: applying the adjustable microwave electric field to the initial detection medium to determine an electromagnetically induced transparency-anti-Tam-Tsung (EIT-AT) splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium; and adjusting a real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at a splitting point position, thereby obtaining the target detection medium.

[0073] Considering that the microwave electric field measurement system used may be affected by external environmental interference, and the data processing difficulty of directly calculating the target power of the adjustable microwave electric field, in order to facilitate the actual operation in the microwave electric field measurement process, the adjustable microwave electric field can be applied to the initial detection medium first, and an EIT-AT splitting signal generated in response to the adjustable microwave electric field by the initial detection medium is detected; by adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field, the change of the EIT-AT splitting signal in the adjustment process is monitored until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at a splitting point position, it can be determined that the initial detection medium forms a non-Hermitian system, and the Hamiltonian of the system has a singular point, thereby obtaining the target detection medium.

[0074] The specific method of adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at a splitting point position can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements, which is not limited in the present disclosure.

[0075] In an example, the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium can be adjusted to the position where the splitting just occurs, i.e., the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point position, by adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field.

[0076] In a possible implementation, determining the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field includes: applying the to-be-measured microwave electric field to the target detection medium, and determining the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium; and determining the response signal according to the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium and the splitting point position.

[0077] After the to-be-measured microwave electric field is applied to the target detection medium, the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium can be determined; and based on the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium after the to-be-measured microwave electric field is applied and the splitting point position, the EIT-AT splitting signal change of the target detection medium under the influence of the to-be-measured microwave electric field can be determined to obtain the response signal.

[0078] Figure 5 A flowchart of a microwave electric field measurement process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. As shown in Figure 5 Based on the singular point enhancement-based microwave electric field measurement method provided by the present disclosure, the process of measuring the to-be-measured microwave electric field by using the microwave electric field measurement system can include:

[0079] In step S501, the coupling light beam and the detection light beam are respectively initialized, and frequency locking is performed.

[0080] Specifically, the laser corresponding to the coupling light beam in the microwave electric field measurement system is started, the crystal temperature of the laser and the frequency doubling module are stably controlled, the coupling light beam with a wavelength of 480 nm is emitted, and the frequency of the coupling light beam is adjusted to about 625.0804 THz. The laser corresponding to the detection light beam in the microwave electric field measurement system is started, the detection light beam with a wavelength of 780 nm is emitted, the detection light beam is locked near the D2 line of the rubidium atom by using the saturated absorption spectrum, and the frequency of the detection light beam is adjusted to about 384.2288 THz.

[0081] The frequency of the coupling light beam and the detection light beam is further adjusted by using the laser frequency adjustment method to realize precise matching of the laser frequency. The specific method of frequency adjustment can refer to the implementation in the related art, for example, can include a grating fine adjustment method, a temperature control method, and a current adjustment method, and the present disclosure does not make a specific limitation in this regard.

[0082] In step S502, the polarization states of the coupling light beam and the probe light beam are adjusted, and the differential probe signal generated by interference of the coupling light beam and the probe light beam is zeroed.

[0083] The polarization adjustment unit and the interference unit are arranged in the microwave electric field measurement system. The polarization states of the coupling light beam and the probe light beam are adjusted by the polarization adjustment unit. The differential probe signal generated by interference of the coupling light beam and the probe light beam is zeroed by the interference unit, so that the interference of the coupling light beam and the probe light beam is balanced. The specific forms of the polarization adjustment unit and the interference unit can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations thereto.

[0084] In an example, the polarization adjustment unit can include a wave plate, a polarization beamsplitter (PSB).

[0085] In an example, the interference unit can include a calcite translator and a polarizer.

[0086] In step S503, the powers of the coupling light beam and the probe light beam are adjusted respectively, the alkali metal atoms in the ground state in the microwave electric field measurement system are excited to the Rydberg state, and the initial probe medium is obtained.

[0087] The powers of the coupling light beam and the probe light beam are monitored in real time by a power meter respectively, and power adjustment is performed. The power corresponding to the coupling light beam is adjusted to 320 mW, and the power corresponding to the probe light beam is adjusted to 40 μW.

[0088] In step S504, the working state of the signal detection processing unit is checked, and the EIT-AT splitting signal is acquired.

[0089] The frequency shift of the probe light beam is adjusted by a 400 MHz acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to check the working state of the signal detection processing unit, avoid saturation of the signal detection processing unit, and ensure that the EIT-AT splitting signal can be normally acquired.

[0090] The coupling light beam is controlled to perform laser sweep in the range of 100 MHz to 200 MHz, and the EIT-AT splitting signal is recorded. During the laser sweep process, the frequency of the coupling light beam is measured synchronously by using a wavelength meter, and sweep data is acquired synchronously, so that the frequency information of the coupling light beam can be traced back subsequently.

[0091] In step S505, an adjustable microwave electric field is applied to the initial probe medium, and the electric field strength is adjusted until the target probe medium in the singular point state of the non-Hermite system is obtained.

[0092] The microwave coupling unit is started, an adjustable microwave electric field is applied to the initial detection medium, the electric field intensity is adjusted, and an EIT-AT splitting signal generated by the initial detection medium in response to the adjustable microwave electric field is detected; by adjusting the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field, the change of the EIT-AT splitting signal in the adjustment process is monitored until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point position, and the target detection medium in the singular point state of the non-Hermitian system is obtained.

[0093] In step S506, the target detection medium is used to measure the to-be-measured microwave electric field.

[0094] Through the above process, the whole process of microwave electric field measurement can be realized, without relying on the detailed matching of laser frequency or coupling light field intensity, having higher repeatability, and being applicable to more application scenarios.

[0095] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection light beam and the coupling light beam which are resonant and opposite in optical path can be used to excite the alkali metal atom in the ground state in the microwave electric field measurement system to the Rydberg state, so as to obtain the initial detection medium; then the adjustable microwave electric field is used to adjust the initial detection medium, so as to obtain the target detection medium in the singular point state of the non-Hermitian system, thereby the nonlinear enhancement mechanism can be introduced in the measurement process of the microwave electric field, so that the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field is approximately the square root of the electric field intensity of the to-be-measured microwave electric field, and the sensitivity of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field is improved. By determining the response signal of the target detection medium to the to-be-measured microwave electric field, the measurement result corresponding to the to-be-measured microwave electric field can be determined according to the response signal. Compared with the measurement method in the prior art which needs to accurately lock the frequency and finely tune the coupling light intensity and the detection window position, the present disclosure does not need to rely on the detailed matching of laser frequency or coupling light field intensity, can simplify the calibration structure required in the measurement system, has higher repeatability, and is applicable to more application scenarios.

[0096] It can be understood that the above-mentioned various method embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with each other to form combined embodiments without violating the principle logic. Limited by the length, the present disclosure will not be described again. Those skilled in the art can understand that the specific execution order of each step in the above-mentioned method should be determined according to its function and possible internal logic.

[0097] In addition, the present disclosure also provides a microwave electric field measurement device based on singular point enhancement, an electronic device and a non-volatile storage medium. Any one of the above can be used to implement any one of the microwave electric field measurement methods based on singular point enhancement provided by the present disclosure. The corresponding technical solutions and descriptions are referred to the corresponding description in the method part, and will not be described again.

[0098] Figure 6A block diagram of a microwave electric field measurement device based on singular point enhancement is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6 The device 600 includes:

[0099] An initialization module 601 is configured to excite alkali metal atoms in a ground state to a Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system by using a probe light beam and a coupling light beam, to obtain an initial probe medium, wherein the coupling light beam is resonant with the probe light beam and the optical paths are opposite.

[0100] A microwave coupling module 602 is configured to adjust the initial probe medium by using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target probe medium in a singular point state of a non-Hermitian system.

[0101] A signal detection module 603 is configured to determine a response signal of the target probe medium to a to-be-measured microwave electric field.

[0102] A signal processing module 604 is configured to determine a measurement result corresponding to the to-be-measured microwave electric field according to the response signal.

[0103] In a possible implementation, the microwave electric field measurement system includes a laser generation unit, an atomic cell, a microwave coupling unit, and a signal detection and processing unit.

[0104] In a possible implementation, the initialization module 601 is configured to excite alkali metal atoms in a ground state to an intermediate state by using a probe light beam to obtain alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state, and excite the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to a Rydberg state by using a coupling light beam to obtain an initial probe medium.

[0105] In a possible implementation, the microwave coupling module 602 is configured to determine a target power according to a Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial probe medium, apply an adjustable microwave electric field to the initial probe medium, and adjust a real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field to the target power to obtain a target probe medium.

[0106] In a possible implementation, the microwave coupling module 602 is configured to apply an adjustable microwave electric field to the initial probe medium, determine an electromagnetically induced transparency-anti-Townes (EIT-AT) splitting signal corresponding to the initial probe medium, and adjust a real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial probe medium is at a splitting point position to obtain a target probe medium.

[0107] In a possible implementation, the signal detection module 603 is configured to apply a to-be-measured microwave electric field to the target probe medium, determine an EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target probe medium, and determine a response signal according to the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target probe medium and the splitting point position.

[0108] In some embodiments, the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure has functions or includes modules that can be used to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments, and the specific implementation can be referred to the description of the above method embodiments. For briefness, details are not described herein.

[0109] The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above method.

[0110] The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a non-volatile computer readable storage medium, having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the above method.

[0111] The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product, comprising a computer program, or a non-volatile computer readable storage medium carrying the computer program, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the above method.

[0112] Figure 7 A block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the electronic device 1900 can be provided as a server or a terminal device. Referring to Figure 7 , the electronic device 1900 includes a processing component 1922, which further includes one or more processors, and a memory resource represented by a memory 1932, for storing instructions executable by the processing component 1922, such as an application program. The application program stored in the memory 1932 can include one or more than one module each corresponding to a set of instructions. In addition, the processing component 1922 is configured to execute the instructions to perform the above method.

[0113] The apparatus 1900 can further include a power supply component 1926 configured to perform power management of the apparatus 1900, a wired or wireless network interface 1950 configured to connect the apparatus 1900 to a network, and an input output interface 1958 (I / O interface). The apparatus 1900 can operate based on an operating system stored in the memory 1932, such as Windows Server TM , MacOS X TM , Unix TM , Linux TM , FreeBSD TM or the like.

[0114] In exemplary embodiments, a non-volatile computer readable storage medium is also provided, such as the memory 1932 including computer program instructions executable by the processing component 1922 of the apparatus 1900 to complete the above method.

[0115] Computer readable storage media can be tangible storage media which can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. Computer readable storage media can be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer readable storage media include the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.

[0116] Computer programs (or computer readable program instructions) described herein can be downloaded to respective computing / processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device from a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a wireless network. The network can comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing / processing device.

[0117] Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present disclosure can be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions can execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection can be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or programmable logic array (PLA) can execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present disclosure.

[0118] The computer readable program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0119] These computer readable program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other data storage device. When the computer readable program instructions are loaded into the computer and other programmable data processing apparatus, a series of operational steps are implemented that provide processes such that the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0120] The computer readable program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device implement the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0121] The computer readable program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device implement the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0122] Embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and the description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, of the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations of the described embodiments are possible, and all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the described embodiments. The description used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the various embodiments, the practical application, and the best mode of using the present disclosure, and to enable others skilled in the art to understand the disclosure, various embodiments, and / or various implementations detailed herein. Any terminology used herein should not be considered limiting of the disclosure, various embodiments, and / or various implementations detailed herein.

Claims

1. A microwave electric field measurement method based on singularity enhancement, characterized in that, include: Using a probe beam and a coupling beam, alkali metal atoms in the ground state of a microwave electric field measurement system are excited to the Rydberg state to obtain an initial probe medium, wherein the coupling beam resonates with the probe beam and their optical paths are opposite. By using an adjustable microwave electric field to adjust the initial detection medium, a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system is obtained. Determine the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test; Based on the response signal, the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave electric field measurement system includes a laser generating unit, an atomic gas chamber, a microwave coupling unit, and a signal detection and processing unit.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method utilizes a probe beam and a coupling beam to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in the microwave electric field measurement system, obtaining the initial probe medium, which includes: Using the probe beam, the alkali metal atoms in the ground state are excited to an intermediate state, thus obtaining alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state; Using the coupled beam, the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state are excited to the Rydberg state to obtain the initial detection medium.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method of adjusting the initial detection medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system includes: The target power is determined based on the Rydberg state energy level corresponding to the initial detection medium; The adjustable microwave electric field is applied to the initial detection medium, and the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field is adjusted to the target power to obtain the target detection medium.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method of adjusting the initial detection medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system includes: The adjustable microwave electric field is applied to the initial detection medium to determine the electromagnetically induced transparent-EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium. Adjust the real-time output power corresponding to the adjustable microwave electric field until the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the initial detection medium is at the splitting point position to obtain the target detection medium.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test includes: The microwave electric field to be measured is applied to the target detection medium to determine the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium; The response signal is determined based on the EIT-AT splitting signal corresponding to the target detection medium and the location of the splitting point.

7. A microwave electric field measurement device based on singularity enhancement, characterized in that, include: An initialization module is used to excite alkali metal atoms in the ground state to the Rydberg state in a microwave electric field measurement system using a probe beam and a coupling beam to obtain an initial probe medium, wherein the coupling beam resonates with the probe beam and has opposite optical paths; A microwave coupling module is used to adjust the initial detection medium using an adjustable microwave electric field to obtain a target detection medium in a singular state of a non-Hermitian system. A signal detection module is used to determine the response signal of the target detection medium to the microwave electric field under test; The signal processing module is used to determine the measurement result corresponding to the microwave electric field to be measured based on the response signal.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, or a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium carrying a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images