Seed production and planting method of adonis amurensis

Abstract

The invention provides a seed production and planting method of adonis amurensis, and relates to the technical field of plant planting. The seed production and planting method of the adonis amurensis comprises five core links of seed production, seed pretreatment, composite matrix seedling raising, precise transplanting and dynamic field management, the seed production quality is optimized through biological-physical synergistic pollination, seed dormancy is broken through composite pretreatment of gradient chemical induction and low-temperature stratification, and the yield of the adonis amurensis is improved. Preparing a composite seedling culture substrate containing mushroom dreg biochar, establishing a transplanting standard based on seedling condition indexes, and implementing a field management scheme of'growth period-soil moisture content 'linkage. The problems that in the prior art, the seed after-ripening period is long, the germination rate is low, the seedling stress resistance is poor, and the yield and quality are unstable are solved, the flower yield is increased by 20%-30% through accurate transplanting and dynamic management, the cardiac glycoside content is increased by 15%-20%, the flowering phase is advanced by 7-10 days, and large-scale high-quality cultivation of the adonis amurensis is effectively achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, specifically to a method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis. Background Technology

[0002] Plants of the genus *Calendula* belong to the Ranunculaceae family and are annual or perennial herbaceous plants characterized by their wide distribution, diverse species, and abundant resources. As early spring flowers, *Calendula* species are elegant in appearance, vibrant in color, and have a long flowering period, making them excellent materials for landscaping and beautification. They offer ecological functions such as extending the viewing period of urban green spaces, covering bare ground in early spring, and preventing wind erosion and sand fixation. Some species in this genus contain various components, including cardiac glycosides, which have cardiotonic and sedative effects, making them valuable in the clinical treatment of heart disease in my country. They also have broad application prospects in cosmetics, health foods, and even animal feed.

[0003] However, *Calendula officinalis* seeds have low natural germination rates and incomplete embryo development, leading to several limitations in current cultivation techniques: seed after-ripening takes 88-109 days, with germination rates below 60%; seedling substrates often use single-component rice husks or vermiculite, resulting in insufficient fertilizer retention and stress resistance; transplanting timing relies on experience, leading to seedling survival rates of only about 30%; and field management lacks targeted approaches, resulting in low yields and unstable quality. Although some studies have attempted to improve seed germination through temperature regulation or chemical soaking, a complete "seed production-seedling-cultivation" technology system has not been established, and the importance of biological synergy and dynamic regulation has been overlooked. Therefore, developing an efficient, stable, and differentiated *Calendula officinalis* seed production and cultivation method is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis, integrating high-quality seed production, improved germination efficiency, robust seedling cultivation, and efficient field cultivation, thereby solving the problems of low germination rate, low survival rate, and poor yield and quality.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Seed Production Healthy lateral calendula plants that are 3 years or older and free from pests and diseases are selected as mother plants. During the flowering period, bumblebee pollination and pollen activator spraying are used for synergistic pollination. During the fruiting period, phosphorus and potassium compound seed-strengthening fertilizer is applied. During the fruit ripening stage, the fruit is harvested in stages according to the splitting rate of the aggregate fruit to obtain the initial seeds. Step 2: Seed pretreatment: Activated seeds were obtained by sequentially performing gradient chemical induction treatment, dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment, and germination pretreatment. Step 3: Composite substrate seedling cultivation: Activated seeds are sown in a composite seedling substrate containing microbial residue biochar, and robust seedlings are cultivated by combining a synergistic regulation mode of light, temperature and humidity. Step 4: Precise Transplanting When the seedlings meet the quantitative indicators of stem diameter 0.4-0.6cm, plant height 3-8cm, 4-5 pairs of true leaves and root-to-shoot ratio of 0.3-0.5, they should be transplanted with substrate. Before transplanting, the soil should be conditioned and base fertilizer should be applied to the plot. Step 5: Dynamic Field Management Water and fertilizer are regulated in stages according to the seedling establishment period, vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period, combined with biological control measures and stress resistance management, and high-quality seeds are selected after harvest to complete the production cycle.

[0006] Preferably, in step one, the pollen activator is prepared by mixing 10-15 mg / L boric acid, 5-8 mg / L calcium chloride and 20-30 mg / L sucrose, and is sprayed once each at the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage; the phosphorus and potassium compound seed-strengthening fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and humic acid at a mass ratio of 1:2, and 15-20 kg is applied per mu; the staged harvesting is carried out in three stages when the cracking rate of the aggregate fruit reaches 30%, 60% and 90% respectively, and after harvesting, seeds with a thousand-seed weight of 1.2-1.4 g are selected for use.

[0007] Preferably, in step two, the gradient chemical induction treatment involves soaking the seeds in a 200 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 hours, followed by soaking them in a mixture of 2.0-2.5 mg / L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5-0.6 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine for 12 hours; the dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment involves mixing the seeds with sterilized river sand and decomposed pine needles at a mass ratio of 1:2:1, treating them at 18-22℃ and 70-75% humidity for 30-40 days, followed by treatment at 3-5℃ and 60-65% humidity for 40-50 days; the germination pretreatment involves soaking the stratified seeds in a 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinsing them with clean water, and then placing them in a constant temperature environment at 25℃ to germinate until the white sprout rate reaches 80-90%.

[0008] Preferably, in step three, the composite seedling substrate is prepared by mixing 40-50 parts peat moss, 15-20 parts bacterial residue biochar, 10-15 parts perlite, 10-15 parts well-rotted sheep manure, and 5-10 parts vermiculite, with the pH value adjusted to 6.5-7.0, and 500-800 mg of Bacillus subtilis agent added per kilogram of substrate; the coordinated control of light, temperature, and humidity is as follows: during the germination period, the temperature is 23-25℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and 8 hours of diffused light of 1500 lux is provided daily; after emergence, the temperature is reduced to 20-22℃, the light is extended to 12 hours, and the seedlings are thoroughly watered every 3 days.

[0009] Preferably, in step four, the transplanting site is selected as sandy loam soil with an organic matter content of 3-5% and a pH value of 6.5-7.5. 15 days before transplanting, apply 2000-2500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 25-30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15), and 1.0-1.2 kg of 3% phorate granules per mu. The tillage depth is 25-30 cm. The transplanting density is 15 cm × 20 cm between plants and rows. After transplanting, irrigate with a 500-fold dilution of hymexazol solution to settle the roots.

[0010] Preferably, in step five, the phased water and fertilizer regulation is as follows: during the seedling establishment period, water the seedlings with rooting water every 5 days to maintain soil moisture at 70-75%; during the vegetative growth period, apply 8-10 kg of urea per mu, and spray the leaves with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days; during the early reproductive growth stage, apply 15-20 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and spray the leaves with a 0.1% boron fertilizer every 7 days during the flowering period.

[0011] Preferably, in step five, the biological control measures include using Bacillus thuringiensis powder to control aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and using kasugamycin aqueous solution to control stem rot; the stress resistance management includes spraying a 5% propylene glycol solution before the early spring frost, and setting up a 50% shade net and spraying a 0.3% calcium chloride solution during the high-temperature period.

[0012] (III) Beneficial Effects This invention provides a method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. Optimize seed production quality through bio-physical synergistic pollination, break seed dormancy by using a composite pretreatment of "gradient chemical induction + low temperature stratification", configure a composite seedling substrate containing microbial residue biochar, establish transplanting standards based on seedling condition indicators, and implement a field management program that links "growth period - soil moisture".

[0013] 2. It solves the problems of long seed after-ripening period, low germination rate, poor seedling resistance and unstable yield and quality in the existing technology. Precise transplanting and dynamic management increase flower yield by 20%-30%, increase cardiac glycoside content by 15%-20%, and advance the flowering period by 7-10 days, effectively realizing the large-scale high-quality cultivation of calendula. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis, including the following steps: Step 1: Seed Production Healthy calendula plants that are 3 years old or older and free from pests and diseases are selected as mother plants. During the flowering period, bumblebee pollination and pollen activator spraying are used for synergistic pollination. During the fruiting period, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied to strengthen the seeds. During the fruit ripening stage, the seeds are harvested in stages according to the splitting rate of the aggregate fruit ball to obtain the initial seeds.

[0017] Specifically, the pollen activator is prepared by mixing 10 mg / L boric acid, 5 mg / L calcium chloride and 20 mg / L sucrose, and is sprayed once each at the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage; the phosphorus and potassium compound seed-strengthening fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and humic acid at a mass ratio of 1:2, and 15 kg is applied per mu; the staged harvesting is carried out three times when the cracking rate of the aggregate fruit reaches 30%, 60% and 90% respectively, and the seeds with a thousand-seed weight of 1.2g are selected for use after harvesting.

[0018] Step 2: Seed pretreatment: Activated seeds were obtained by sequentially performing gradient chemical induction treatment, dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment, and germination pretreatment.

[0019] Specifically, the gradient chemical induction treatment involved soaking seeds in a 200 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 hours, followed by soaking in a mixture of 2.0 mg / L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine for 12 hours; the dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment involved mixing seeds with sterilized river sand and decomposed pine needles at a mass ratio of 1:2:1, treating them at 18℃ and 70% humidity for 30 days, followed by treatment at 3℃ and 60% humidity for 40 days; and the germination pretreatment involved soaking the stratified seeds in a 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinsing them with water, and then placing them in a constant temperature environment at 25℃ to germinate until the white sprout rate reached 80%.

[0020] Step 3: Composite substrate seedling cultivation: Activated seeds are sown in a composite seedling substrate containing microbial residue biochar, and robust seedlings are cultivated by combining a synergistic regulation mode of light, temperature and humidity.

[0021] Specifically, the composite seedling substrate is made by mixing 40 parts peat moss, 15 parts inoculum biochar, 10 parts perlite, 10 parts well-rotted sheep manure, and 5 parts vermiculite, with the pH value adjusted to 6.5, and 500 mg of Bacillus subtilis agent added per kilogram of substrate; the light, temperature and humidity are synergistically controlled as follows: during the germination period, the temperature is 23℃ and the humidity is 65%, with 8 hours of diffused light and 1500 lux of light per day; after emergence, the temperature is reduced to 20℃, the light is extended to 12 hours, and the seedlings are thoroughly watered every 3 days.

[0022] Step 4: Precise Transplanting When the seedlings meet the quantitative indicators of stem diameter of 0.4cm, plant height of 3cm, having 4 pairs of true leaves and a root-to-shoot ratio of 0.3, they are transplanted with substrate. Before transplanting, the soil is conditioned and base fertilizer is applied to the plot.

[0023] Specifically, the transplanting site should be sandy loam soil with an organic matter content of 3% and a pH value of 6.5. 15 days before transplanting, apply 2000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 25 kg of compound fertilizer and 1.0 kg of 3% phoxim granules per mu. The tillage depth should be 25 cm. The transplanting density is 15 cm × 20 cm between plants and rows. After transplanting, irrigate with a 500-fold dilution of hymexazol solution to help the roots settle.

[0024] Step 5: Dynamic Field Management Water and fertilizer are regulated in stages according to the seedling establishment period, vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period, combined with biological control measures and stress resistance management, and high-quality seeds are selected after harvest to complete the production cycle.

[0025] Specifically, the phased water and fertilizer regulation is as follows: during the seedling establishment period, water the seedlings every 5 days to promote root growth and maintain soil moisture at 70%; during the vegetative growth period, apply 8 kg of urea per mu and spray the leaves with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days; during the early reproductive growth stage, apply 15 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and spray the leaves with a 0.1% boron fertilizer every 7 days during the flowering period.

[0026] Secondly, biological control measures include using Bacillus thuringiensis powder to control aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and using kasugamycin aqueous solution to control stem rot; stress resistance management includes spraying a 5% propylene glycol solution before the early spring frost, and setting up a 50% shade net and spraying a 0.3% calcium chloride solution during the high-temperature period.

[0027] Example 2: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis, including the following steps: Step 1: Seed Production Healthy calendula plants that are 3 years old or older and free from pests and diseases are selected as mother plants. During the flowering period, bumblebee pollination and pollen activator spraying are used for synergistic pollination. During the fruiting period, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied to strengthen the seeds. During the fruit ripening stage, the seeds are harvested in stages according to the splitting rate of the aggregate fruit ball to obtain the initial seeds.

[0028] Specifically, the pollen activator is prepared by mixing 13 mg / L boric acid, 7 mg / L calcium chloride and 25 mg / L sucrose, and is sprayed once each at the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage; the phosphorus and potassium compound seed-strengthening fertilizer is made by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and humic acid at a mass ratio of 1:2, and 18 kg is applied per mu; the staged harvesting is carried out three times when the cracking rate of the aggregate fruit reaches 30%, 60% and 90% respectively, and the seeds with a thousand-seed weight of 1.3g are selected for use after harvesting.

[0029] Step 2: Seed pretreatment: Activated seeds were obtained by sequentially performing gradient chemical induction treatment, dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment, and germination pretreatment.

[0030] Specifically, the gradient chemical induction treatment involved soaking seeds in a 200 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 hours, followed by soaking in a mixture of 2.3 mg / L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.6 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine for 12 hours; the dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment involved mixing seeds with sterilized river sand and decomposed pine needles at a mass ratio of 1:2:1, treating them at 20°C and 73% humidity for 35 days, followed by treatment at 4°C and 63% humidity for 45 days; and the germination pretreatment involved soaking the stratified seeds in a 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinsing them with water, and then placing them in a constant temperature environment at 25°C to germinate until the white sprout rate reached 85%.

[0031] Step 3: Composite substrate seedling cultivation: Activated seeds are sown in a composite seedling substrate containing microbial residue biochar, and robust seedlings are cultivated by combining a synergistic regulation mode of light, temperature and humidity.

[0032] Specifically, the composite seedling substrate is made by mixing 45 parts peat moss, 18 parts inoculum biochar, 13 parts perlite, 13 parts well-rotted sheep manure, and 8 parts vermiculite, with the pH value adjusted to 6.8, and 700 mg of Bacillus subtilis agent added per kilogram of substrate; the light, temperature and humidity are synergistically controlled as follows: during the germination period, the temperature is 24℃ and the humidity is 68%, with 8 hours of diffused light and 1500 lux per day; after emergence, the temperature is reduced to 21℃, the light is extended to 12 hours, and the seedlings are thoroughly watered every 3 days.

[0033] Step 4: Precise Transplanting When the seedlings meet the quantitative indicators of stem diameter of 0.5cm, plant height of 5cm, 5 pairs of true leaves and root-to-shoot ratio of 0.4, they are transplanted with substrate. Before transplanting, the soil is conditioned and base fertilizer is applied to the plot.

[0034] Specifically, the transplanting site should be sandy loam soil with an organic matter content of 4% and a pH value of 7.0. 15 days before transplanting, apply 2300 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 28 kg of compound fertilizer, and 1.1 kg of 3% phorate granules per acre, and till to a depth of 28 cm. The transplanting density is 15 cm × 20 cm between plants and rows. After transplanting, irrigate with a 500-fold dilution of hymexazol solution to help the roots settle.

[0035] Step 5: Dynamic Field Management Water and fertilizer are regulated in stages according to the seedling establishment period, vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period, combined with biological control measures and stress resistance management, and high-quality seeds are selected after harvest to complete the production cycle.

[0036] Specifically, the phased water and fertilizer regulation is as follows: during the seedling establishment period, water the seedlings every 5 days to promote root growth and maintain soil moisture at 73%; during the vegetative growth period, apply 9 kg of urea per mu and spray the leaves with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days; during the early reproductive growth stage, apply 18 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and spray the leaves with a 0.1% boron fertilizer every 7 days during the flowering period.

[0037] Secondly, biological control measures include using Bacillus thuringiensis powder to control aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and using kasugamycin aqueous solution to control stem rot; stress resistance management includes spraying a 5% propylene glycol solution before the early spring frost, and setting up a 50% shade net and spraying a 0.3% calcium chloride solution during the high-temperature period.

[0038] Example 3: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis, including the following steps: Step 1: Seed Production Healthy calendula plants that are 3 years old or older and free from pests and diseases are selected as mother plants. During the flowering period, bumblebee pollination and pollen activator spraying are used for synergistic pollination. During the fruiting period, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied to strengthen the seeds. During the fruit ripening stage, the seeds are harvested in stages according to the splitting rate of the aggregate fruit ball to obtain the initial seeds.

[0039] Specifically, the pollen activator is prepared by mixing 15 mg / L boric acid, 8 mg / L calcium chloride and 30 mg / L sucrose, and is sprayed once each at the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage; the phosphorus and potassium compound seed-strengthening fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and humic acid at a mass ratio of 1:2, and 20 kg is applied per mu; the staged harvesting is carried out three times when the cracking rate of the aggregate fruit reaches 30%, 60% and 90% respectively, and the seeds with a thousand-seed weight of 1.4g are selected for use after harvesting.

[0040] Step 2: Seed pretreatment: Activated seeds were obtained by sequentially performing gradient chemical induction treatment, dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment, and germination pretreatment.

[0041] Specifically, the gradient chemical induction treatment involved soaking seeds in a 200 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 hours, followed by soaking in a mixture of 2.5 mg / L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.6 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine for 12 hours; the dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment involved mixing seeds with sterilized river sand and decomposed pine needles at a mass ratio of 1:2:1, treating them at 22℃ and 75% humidity for 40 days, followed by treatment at 5℃ and 65% humidity for 50 days; and the germination pretreatment involved soaking the stratified seeds in a 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinsing them with water, and then placing them in a constant temperature environment at 25℃ to germinate until the white sprout rate reached 90%.

[0042] Step 3: Composite substrate seedling cultivation: Activated seeds are sown in a composite seedling substrate containing microbial residue biochar, and robust seedlings are cultivated by combining a synergistic regulation mode of light, temperature and humidity.

[0043] Specifically, the composite seedling substrate is made by mixing 50 parts peat moss, 20 parts bacterial residue biochar, 15 parts perlite, 15 parts well-rotted sheep manure, and 10 parts vermiculite, with the pH value adjusted to 7.0, and 800 mg of Bacillus subtilis agent added per kilogram of substrate; the light, temperature and humidity are synergistically controlled as follows: during the germination period, the temperature is 25℃ and the humidity is 70%, with 8 hours of diffused light and 1500 lux per day; after emergence, the temperature is reduced to 22℃, the light is extended to 12 hours, and the seedlings are thoroughly watered every 3 days.

[0044] Step 4: Precise Transplanting When the seedlings meet the quantitative indicators of stem diameter 0.6cm, plant height 8cm, 5 pairs of true leaves and root-to-shoot ratio of 0.5, they are transplanted with substrate. Before transplanting, the soil is conditioned and base fertilizer is applied to the plot.

[0045] Specifically, the transplanting site should be sandy loam soil with an organic matter content of 5% and a pH value of 7.5. 15 days before transplanting, apply 2500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 1.2 kg of 3% phoxim granules per mu. The tillage depth should be 30 cm. The transplanting density is 15 cm × 20 cm between plants. After transplanting, irrigate with a 500-fold dilution of hymexazol solution to help the roots settle.

[0046] Step 5: Dynamic Field Management Water and fertilizer are regulated in stages according to the seedling establishment period, vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period, combined with biological control measures and stress resistance management, and high-quality seeds are selected after harvest to complete the production cycle.

[0047] Specifically, the phased water and fertilizer regulation is as follows: during the seedling establishment period, water the soil every 5 days to promote root growth and maintain soil moisture at 75%; during the vegetative growth period, apply 10 kg of urea per mu as top dressing, and spray the leaves with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days; during the early reproductive growth stage, apply 20 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and spray the leaves with a 0.1% boron fertilizer every 7 days during the flowering period.

[0048] Secondly, biological control measures include using Bacillus thuringiensis powder to control aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and using kasugamycin aqueous solution to control stem rot; stress resistance management includes spraying a 5% propylene glycol solution before the early spring frost, and setting up a 50% shade net and spraying a 0.3% calcium chloride solution during the high-temperature period.

[0049] Experimental example: The yield and content of *Calendula officinalis* cultivated in Examples 1, 2, and 3 were compared with existing technologies. The results are shown in the table below: As shown in the table above, the cultivation method of this invention significantly improves seed yield and quality, effectively solving the problems of low natural propagation rate and inconsistent quality of *Calendula officinalis* seeds. The pretreatment technology combining gradient chemical induction and dynamic temperature and humidity stratification breaks the deep dormancy of seeds, effectively shortening germination time and significantly increasing the emergence rate, laying a good foundation for subsequent seedling cultivation. The addition of biochar residue in the composite substrate seedling cultivation not only improves the aeration and water retention of the substrate but also adsorbs harmful substances in the soil. Combined with the application of *Bacillus subtilis* agent, it effectively inhibits the occurrence of soil-borne diseases during the seedling stage, improving the seedling vigor rate. Seedling stem diameter, plant height, and root-to-shoot ratio are all superior to those of traditional substrate cultivation. Furthermore, the method of this invention is simple to operate and highly reproducible, enabling large-scale and standardized production of *Calendula officinalis* seeds, providing strong technical support for the industrialization of *Calendula officinalis*.

[0050] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for producing and cultivating seeds of Calendula officinalis, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Seed Production Healthy lateral calendula plants that are 3 years or older and free from pests and diseases are selected as mother plants. During the flowering period, bumblebee pollination and pollen activator spraying are used for synergistic pollination. During the fruiting period, phosphorus and potassium compound seed-strengthening fertilizer is applied. During the fruit ripening stage, the fruit is harvested in stages according to the splitting rate of the aggregate fruit to obtain the initial seeds. Step 2: Seed pretreatment: Activated seeds were obtained by sequentially performing gradient chemical induction treatment, dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment, and germination pretreatment. Step 3: Composite substrate seedling cultivation: Activated seeds are sown in a composite seedling substrate containing microbial residue biochar, and robust seedlings are cultivated by combining a synergistic regulation mode of light, temperature and humidity. Step 4: Precise Transplanting When the seedlings meet the quantitative indicators of stem diameter 0.4-0.6cm, plant height 3-8cm, 4-5 pairs of true leaves and root-to-shoot ratio of 0.3-0.5, they should be transplanted with substrate. Before transplanting, the soil should be conditioned and base fertilizer should be applied to the plot. Step 5: Dynamic Field Management Water and fertilizer are regulated in stages according to the seedling establishment period, vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period, combined with biological control measures and stress resistance management, and high-quality seeds are selected after harvest to complete the production cycle.

2. The method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the pollen activator is prepared by mixing 10-15 mg / L boric acid, 5-8 mg / L calcium chloride and 20-30 mg / L sucrose, and is sprayed once each at the initial flowering stage and the full bloom stage; the phosphorus and potassium compound seed-strengthening fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and humic acid at a mass ratio of 1:2, and 15-20 kg is applied per mu; the staged harvesting is carried out in three stages when the cracking rate of the aggregate fruit reaches 30%, 60% and 90% respectively, and after harvesting, seeds with a thousand-seed weight of 1.2-1.4 g are selected for use.

3. The method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the gradient chemical induction treatment involves soaking the seeds in a 200 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 hours, followed by soaking them in a mixture of 2.0-2.5 mg / L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5-0.6 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine for 12 hours. The dynamic temperature and humidity stratification treatment involves mixing the seeds with sterilized river sand and decomposed pine needles at a mass ratio of 1:2:1, treating them at 18-22℃ and 70-75% humidity for 30-40 days, followed by treatment at 3-5℃ and 60-65% humidity for 40-50 days. The germination pretreatment involves soaking the stratified seeds in a 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinsing them with water, and then placing them in a constant temperature environment at 25℃ to germinate until the white sprout rate reaches 80-90%.

4. The method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the composite seedling substrate is prepared by mixing 40-50 parts peat moss, 15-20 parts microbial biochar residue, 10-15 parts perlite, 10-15 parts well-rotted sheep manure, and 5-10 parts vermiculite, with the pH value adjusted to 6.5-7.0, and 500-800 mg of Bacillus subtilis agent added per kilogram of substrate; the coordinated control of light, temperature, and humidity is as follows: during the germination period, the temperature is 23-25℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and 8 hours of diffused light of 1500 lux is provided daily; after emergence, the temperature is reduced to 20-22℃, the light is extended to 12 hours, and the seedlings are thoroughly watered every 3 days.

5. A method for producing and planting Marigold seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step four, the transplanting site should be selected with sandy loam soil containing 3-5% organic matter and a pH value of 6.5-7.

5. 15 days before transplanting, apply 2000-2500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 25-30 kg of compound fertilizer, and 1.0-1.2 kg of 3% phorate granules per acre, and till to a depth of 25-30 cm. The transplanting density is 15 cm × 20 cm between plants and rows. After transplanting, irrigate with a 500-fold dilution of hymexazol solution to help the roots settle.

6. The method for seed production and cultivation of Calendula officinalis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, the phased water and fertilizer regulation is as follows: during the seedling establishment period, water the seedlings every 5 days to promote root growth and maintain soil moisture at 70-75%; during the vegetative growth period, apply 8-10 kg of urea per mu, and spray the leaves with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days; during the early reproductive growth stage, apply 15-20 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and spray the leaves with a 0.1% boron fertilizer every 7 days during the flowering period.

7. A method for producing and planting Marigold seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, the biological control measures include using Bacillus thuringiensis powder to control aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and using kasugamycin aqueous solution to control stem rot; the stress resistance management measures include spraying a 5% propylene glycol solution before the early spring frost, and setting up a 50% shade net and spraying a 0.3% calcium chloride solution during the high-temperature period.

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