Crop root fertilizing device and fertilizing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop root fertilization device and a fertilization method, relates to the technical field of fertilization, and aims to solve the technical problem of poor root fertilization effect in the prior art. A lifting frame is arranged at the head end of an agricultural machine, an arc frame is arranged at the moving end of the lifting frame, and multiple groups of angle verification mechanisms are arranged on the arc frame; the driving part of the angle verification mechanism drives the hinging part to drive the opening and closing part and the measuring assembly to achieve measurement according to the crown angle, the other opening and closing part and the drill rod mechanism synchronously open and close the included angle to change, the drilling point is determined, and the drill rod mechanism drills to enable the fertilization assembly to be close to the fertilization point to achieve precise fertilization. According to the characteristic that the crown and the root of a fruit tree symmetrically grow, a symmetrical structure is adopted to measure the crown to obtain the angle of the tree root, and then the tree root is drilled into soil to perform liquid fertilization on the tree root in a targeted manner, so that the fertilizer is more directly absorbed by the root, the accurate requirement of fruit tree growth on nutrients is met, root development and overall growth of the fruit tree are promoted, and the fruit tree growth quality is improved. The fruit yield and quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilization technology, and more specifically, to a crop root fertilization device and fertilization method. Background Technology

[0002] In fruit tree cultivation, fertilization is a crucial step in ensuring tree growth and improving fruit yield and quality. Currently, fruit tree fertilization is mostly carried out by digging a trench around the drip line of the fruit tree. This method requires extremely high precision in the depth and width of the trench and the fertilization operation.

[0003] Because the soil composition varies significantly between different orchards—some soils are heavy clay, some are loose, and others contain many stones and other impurities—and the geographical environment also differs, such as elevation and slope, these factors directly affect trenching operations, making it difficult to accurately control the depth and width of the trenches. If the trench is too deep, it may damage a large number of the fruit tree's roots, affecting their absorption of water and nutrients, thus inhibiting the tree's growth. If the trench is too shallow, fertilizer is easily exposed on the surface, becoming ineffective due to rain erosion and sun exposure, reducing the fertilization effect.

[0004] When applying fertilizer in a circular trench, the fertilizer is usually spread directly into the trench and then covered with soil. This method makes it difficult to ensure even distribution of fertilizer in the soil, easily leading to localized excessively high nutrient concentrations and causing root burn. Furthermore, if the soil covering is insufficient or not compacted properly, the fertilizer is easily washed away by rainwater or direct sunlight, causing it to evaporate and be lost. This problem is particularly pronounced when using liquid fertilizers. Liquid fertilizers are highly fluid and easily lost after trench application due to soil permeability, terrain slope, and rainwater runoff. A large amount of liquid fertilizer fails to be effectively absorbed by the fruit tree roots, resulting in fertilizer waste, increased planting costs, and an inability to achieve precise fertilization of the fruit tree roots, failing to meet the precise nutrient requirements for fruit tree growth, and hindering healthy growth and improved yield and quality. Therefore, we propose a root fertilization device and method for crops. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a crop root fertilization device and fertilization method to solve the technical problem of poor fertilization effect of existing root fertilization devices and methods.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a crop root fertilization device, including an agricultural machine, wherein the head end of the agricultural machine is provided with a lifting frame, the moving end of the lifting frame is provided with an arc frame, and a plurality of angle calibration mechanisms are installed on the arc frame; The angle verification mechanism includes a drive unit, a hinge unit, and an opening and closing unit. The drive unit is mounted on the arc frame, the hinge unit is located on the drive unit, one end of the opening and closing unit is connected to the drive unit, and the other end of the opening and closing unit is connected to the hinge unit. One of the opening and closing units is provided with a measuring component, and the other opening and closing unit is provided with a drill rod mechanism. The drill rod mechanism is also provided with a fertilizer application component. The driving part of the angle verification mechanism drives the hinge part to drive the opening and closing part and the measuring component to measure according to the tree crown angle. The opening and closing angle of the other opening and closing part and the drill rod mechanism changes synchronously to determine the drilling point. The drilling mechanism drills a hole so that the fertilization component is close to the fertilization point to achieve precise fertilization.

[0007] Preferably, the driving unit includes a mounting frame, a bracket, a slide groove, a slider, a rack, and a driving component. The mounting frame is mounted on the arc frame, the bracket is located at the end of the mounting frame away from the arc frame, the slide groove is formed on the mounting frame, the slider is slidably mounted on the slide groove, the rack is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame, the driving component is located on the slider, and one end of the hinge is connected to the slider.

[0008] Preferably, the driving component includes a motor and a gear, the motor is disposed on the slider, the gear is disposed at the output end of the motor, and the gear is meshed with the rack.

[0009] Preferably, the hinge portion includes a first hinge rod and a second hinge rod, the first hinge rod is hinged to the slider, the second hinge rod is hinged to the bracket, the first hinge rod and the second hinge rod are hinged together, and the opening and closing portion is hinged to the second hinge rod.

[0010] Preferably, the opening and closing part includes an opening and closing rod, a first hinge point, and a second hinge point. The first hinge point and the second hinge point are both disposed on the opening and closing rod. The first hinge point is connected to one end of the second hinge rod near the bracket, and the second hinge point is connected to the middle position of the second hinge rod. The measuring component is disposed on the opening and closing rod located above the bracket, and the drill rod mechanism is disposed on the opening and closing rod located below the bracket.

[0011] Preferably, the measuring assembly includes a telescopic rod and a cylinder. One end of the telescopic rod is fixedly mounted on the opening / closing rod above the bracket, and the cylinder is mounted on the telescopic rod. The output end of the cylinder is connected to the moving end of the telescopic rod.

[0012] Preferably, the drill rod mechanism includes a support frame, a rotating unit, a telescopic tube, a drill rod, and a drill bit. The support frame is mounted on the opening and closing rod below the support, the rotating unit is mounted on the support frame, the telescopic tube is mounted on the support frame, the drill rod is connected to the output end of the rotating unit, the drill bit is connected to the end of the drill rod away from the support frame, and the fertilizer application component is rotatably mounted on the drill rod.

[0013] Preferably, the fertilizer application assembly includes a spiral half-tube, an input port, an output port, and a diffuser nozzle. The spiral half-tube is rotatably mounted on the drill rod. The input port is located at one end of the spiral half-tube. Several output ports are located on the spiral half-tube. The diffuser nozzle is located on the output port. The input port is connected to an external feeding mechanism via a flexible hose.

[0014] Preferably, the diffuser nozzle includes a nozzle body, a support ring, a slot, a spring, a carriage, and a suppressor head. The nozzle body is disposed on the output hole, the support ring is disposed on the outer wall of the nozzle body, the slots are symmetrically opened on the nozzle body, the carriage is slidably disposed on the slot, one end of the spring is connected to the support ring, the other end of the spring is connected to the carriage, and the suppressor head is connected to the two carriages.

[0015] Preferably, a method is provided, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Equipment placement and adjustment; Drive the agricultural machine to the fruit tree to be fertilized, adjust the height of the arc frame by lifting the frame, and align the angle calibration mechanism on the arc frame with the area corresponding to the fruit tree canopy and drip line, ensuring that the measuring component can contact the canopy and the drilling mechanism can correspond to the root growth range. Step 2: Measure the canopy angle; Start the drive unit, the motor drives the gear to rotate along the rack, causing the slider to slide along the groove, which in turn pushes the first and second hinge rods of the hinge part to move together, causing the opening and closing rod and measuring component above the bracket to adjust the angle; then start the cylinder of the measuring component, drive the moving end of the telescopic rod to extend and contact the edge of the tree crown, measure the angle of the tree crown by the change in the length of the telescopic rod, and determine the corresponding growth angle of the tree roots. Step 3: Drilling point location and drilling; The opening and closing parts of the angle calibration mechanism are linked synchronously. The opening and closing rod under the support drives the drill rod mechanism to adjust to the position that matches the angle of the tree root and determines the drilling point. Then, the rotating unit of the drill rod mechanism is started to drive the drill rod and drill bit to rotate. At the same time, the drill rod feeds into the soil to complete the drilling. After drilling, the telescopic tube retracts to expose the fertilizer application component on the drill rod. Step 4: Precise fertilization; The external feeding mechanism delivers liquid fertilizer through the inlet to the spiral half-pipe via a hose. The fertilizer flows along the spiral path and is distributed to each outlet. The fertilizer then enters the nozzle body of the diffuser nozzle. If the fertilizer pressure is low, the spring pulls the suppressor head to close, and the fertilizer is sprayed in a columnar shape through the central hole of the suppressor head, penetrating deep into the soil and contacting the distant roots. If the fertilizer pressure is high, the pressure will push the suppressor head to open, and the fertilizer will be sprayed in a ring through the gap, expanding the contact range with the root system; Step 5: Reset and move; After fertilization, the drill rod mechanism is reset, the lifting frame is adjusted to the height of the arc frame, and the agricultural machine moves to the next fruit tree, repeating the above steps.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention utilizes the symmetrical growth characteristics of fruit tree crowns and roots. An angle calibration mechanism measures the crown angle, driving a drilling mechanism to synchronously adjust to the corresponding root angle and drill holes, allowing the fertilization component to directly approach the active root zone. After being evenly distributed through a spiral semi-tube, the fertilizer is released directionally through a diffuser nozzle, reducing fertilizer loss and allowing nutrients to be absorbed more directly by the roots. This solves the problems of uneven fertilizer distribution and low utilization rates in traditional fertilization methods.

[0017] 2. The multiple angle verification mechanisms on the arc frame of this invention can be driven by the motor, gears and racks of the drive unit to flexibly adjust the angles of the hinge and opening / closing parts. Combined with the telescopic rods of the measuring component, it can adapt to fruit trees of different sizes and canopy shapes without the need for targeted adjustments to the overall structure, thus expanding its applicability.

[0018] 3. The drilling mechanism of this invention drives the drill bit to drill precisely through a rotating unit, replacing the traditional trenching method and avoiding large-scale damage to the soil structure and root system; the fertilization component releases fertilizer close to the root system, reducing interference with non-target roots, protecting the integrity of the root system, providing a stable environment for fruit tree growth, and helping to improve fruit yield and quality.

[0019] 4. The diffuser nozzle of this invention automatically switches the spraying state according to the pressure of the liquid fertilizer through the cooperation of spring and slide: when the pressure is low, the columnar deep spray contacts the distant root system, and when the pressure is high, the ring spray expands the range. It can be specifically adapted to root systems of different depths and distribution densities to meet the precise nutrient needs of fruit trees. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure on the other side of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the arc frame, angle verification mechanism, measuring component and drill rod mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the angle verification mechanism, measurement component, and drill rod mechanism of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the angle verification mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a side view of the angle verification mechanism of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the opening / closing part and measuring component structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing part and drill rod mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the drill rod mechanism and fertilizer application component of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the drill rod and fertilizer application assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the output hole and diffuser nozzle of the present invention; Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 12 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the image; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the usage state of the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Agricultural machinery; 2. Lifting frame; 3. Arc frame; 4. Angle calibration mechanism; 5. Measuring components; 6. Drill rod mechanism; 7. Fertilizer application components; 401. Drive unit; 402. Hinge unit; 403. Opening / closing unit; 4011, Mounting bracket; 4012, Support; 4013, Slide rail; 4014, Slider; 4015, Rack; 4016, Drive component; 4017, Motor; 4018, Gear; 4021, First hinge; 4022, Second hinge; 4031, Opening / closing lever; 4032, First hinge point; 4033, Second hinge point; 501. Telescopic rod; 502. Cylinder; 601. Support frame; 602. Rotating unit; 603. Telescopic tube; 604. Drill rod; 605. Drill bit; 701. Spiral half-tube; 702. Inlet port; 703. Outlet port; 704. Diffusion nozzle; 7041, Nozzle body; 7042, Bearing ring; 7043, Slot; 7044, Spring; 7045, Carriage; 7046, Suppression head. Detailed Implementation

[0022] like Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the present invention relates to a crop root fertilization device and fertilization method, including an agricultural machine 1, a lifting frame 2 at the head end of the agricultural machine 1, an arc frame 3 at the moving end of the lifting frame 2, and several angle calibration mechanisms 4 installed on the arc frame 3. The angle calibration mechanism 4 includes a drive unit 401, a hinge unit 402, and an opening and closing unit 403. The drive unit 401 is mounted on the arc frame 3, the hinge unit 402 is located on the drive unit 401, one end of the opening and closing unit 403 is connected to the drive unit 401, and the other end of the opening and closing unit 403 is connected to the hinge unit 402. One of the opening and closing units 403 is provided with a measuring component 5, and the other opening and closing unit 403 is provided with a drill rod mechanism 6. The drill rod mechanism 6 is also provided with a fertilizer application component 7. The driving part 401 of the angle verification mechanism 4 drives the hinge part 402 to drive the opening and closing part 403 and the measuring component 5 to measure according to the tree crown angle. Another opening and closing part 403 and the drill rod mechanism 6 open and close synchronously, and the included angle changes to determine the drilling point. The drilling of the drill rod mechanism 6 causes the fertilization component 7 to approach the fertilization point to achieve precise fertilization.

[0023] This invention improves the structure of existing crop root fertilization devices by installing a lifting frame 2 at the head end of the agricultural machine 1, an arc frame 3 at the moving end of the lifting frame 2, and multiple angle verification mechanisms 4 on the arc frame 3. The driving part 401 of the angle verification mechanism 4 drives the hinge part 402, which in turn drives the opening and closing part 403 and the measuring component 5 to measure the angle of the tree crown. Another opening and closing part 403 and the drilling rod mechanism 6 open and close synchronously, changing the included angle to determine the drilling point. The drilling rod mechanism 6 drills a hole, causing the fertilization component 7 to approach the fertilization point for precise fertilization. Taking advantage of the symmetrical growth characteristics of the fruit tree crown and roots, this invention uses a symmetrical structure to measure the angle of the tree crown to obtain the angle of the tree roots, and then drills into the soil to apply liquid fertilizer to the tree roots in a targeted manner. This avoids the waste caused by random fertilizer application, allows the fertilizer to be absorbed more directly by the roots, meets the precise nutrient needs of fruit tree growth, helps promote root development and overall growth of fruit trees, and improves fruit yield and quality.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present invention, the driving unit 401 includes a mounting frame 4011, a bracket 4012, a slide groove 4013, a slider 4014, a rack 4015, and a driving member 4016. The mounting frame 4011 is disposed on the arc frame 3, the bracket 4012 is disposed at the end of the mounting frame 4011 away from the arc frame 3, the slide groove 4013 is formed on the mounting frame 4011, the slider 4014 is slidably disposed on the slide groove 4013, the rack 4015 is fixedly disposed on the mounting frame 4011, the driving member 4016 is disposed on the slider 4014, and one end of the hinge part 402 is connected to the slider 4014.

[0025] In this invention, the drive unit 401 is mounted on the arc frame 3 via the mounting bracket 4011 to form an integral support base. The bracket 4012 is located at the end of the mounting bracket 4011 away from the arc frame 3, serving as one of the connection fulcrums of the hinge unit 402. The slide groove 4013 provides a sliding track for the slider 4014, allowing the slider 4014 to move stably along the mounting bracket 4011. The rack 4015 is fixed on the mounting bracket 4011 and cooperates with the drive member 4016 located on the slider 4014 to provide a power source for the sliding of the slider 4014. When the drive member 4016 is activated, it can drive the slider 4014 to slide along the slide groove 4013, thereby driving one end of the hinge unit 402 connected to the slider 4014 to move synchronously.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, the driving component 4016 includes a motor 4017 and a gear 4018. The motor 4017 is disposed on the slider 4014, and the gear 4018 is disposed at the output end of the motor 4017. The gear 4018 is meshed with the rack 4015.

[0027] In this invention, the driving component 4016 serves as the power output core of the driving unit 401. Its motor 4017 is fixedly mounted on the slider 4014, and the gear 4018 is connected to the output end of the motor 4017. The gear 4018 is meshed with the rack 4015 fixed on the mounting bracket 4011. When the motor 4017 starts, its output end drives the gear 4018 to rotate. Since the gear 4018 is meshed with the rack 4015, and the rack 4015 is fixed, the gear 4018 will be displaced along the rack 4015, thereby driving the slider 4014 connected to it to slide along the slide groove 4013 on the mounting bracket 4011.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present invention, the hinge portion 402 includes a first hinge rod 4021 and a second hinge rod 4022. The first hinge rod 4021 is hinged to the slider 4014, and the second hinge rod 4022 is hinged to the bracket 4012. The first hinge rod 4021 and the second hinge rod 4022 are hinged together, and the opening and closing portion 403 is hinged to the second hinge rod 4022.

[0029] In this invention, when the driving member 4016 of the driving unit 401 drives the slider 4014 to slide along the slide groove 4013, the first hinge rod 4021, which is hinged to the slider 4014, will change its angle with the displacement of the slider 4014, thereby pushing the second hinge rod 4022, which is hinged to it, to rotate around the hinge point with the bracket 4012 as the fulcrum. Since the opening and closing part 403 is hinged to the second hinge rod 4022, the rotation of the second hinge rod 4022 will drive the opening and closing part 403 to move synchronously, providing transmission support for the adjustment of the opening and closing angle of the opening and closing part 403 in the angle calibration mechanism 4, thereby realizing the measurement of the tree crown angle by the measuring component 5 and the synchronous adjustment of the drilling point angle by the drill rod mechanism 6.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present invention, the opening and closing part 403 includes an opening and closing rod 4031, a first hinge point 4032 and a second hinge point 4033. The first hinge point 4032 and the second hinge point 4033 are both provided on the opening and closing rod 4031. The first hinge point 4032 is connected to one end of the second hinge rod 4022 near the support 4012, and the second hinge point 4033 is connected to the middle position of the second hinge rod 4022. The measuring component 5 is provided on the opening and closing rod 4031 located above the support 4012, and the drill rod mechanism 6 is provided on the opening and closing rod 4031 located below the support 4012.

[0031] In this invention, when the driving member 4016 of the driving unit 401 drives the slider 4014 to slide along the slide groove 4013, the slider 4014 pushes the second hinge 4022 to rotate around the hinge point with the bracket 4012 as the fulcrum via the first hinge 4021. At this time, the rotation of the second hinge 4022 will drive the opening and closing rod 4031 to adjust its angle synchronously through the first hinge point 4032 and the second hinge point 4033. Since the opening and closing rod 4031 located above the bracket 4012 is equipped with a measuring component 5, and the opening and closing rod 4031 located below the bracket 4012 is equipped with a drill rod mechanism 6, the angle adjustment of the opening and closing rod 4031 will synchronously drive the angle change of the measuring component 5 and the drill rod mechanism 6.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, the measuring component 5 includes a telescopic rod 501 and a cylinder 502. One end of the telescopic rod 501 is fixedly mounted on an opening and closing rod 4031 above the bracket 4012. The cylinder 502 is mounted on the telescopic rod 501, and the output end of the cylinder 502 is connected to the moving end of the telescopic rod 501.

[0033] In this invention, when a specific measurement of the tree crown angle is required, cylinder 502 is activated, driving the moving end of telescopic rod 501 to extend or retract. The change in length of telescopic rod 501 enables contact measurement of the tree crown edge, thereby accurately obtaining the tree crown angle parameters. This measurement result provides a basis for the angle verification mechanism 4, ensuring that the drill rod mechanism 6 on the opening / closing rod 4031 below the support 4012 can be synchronously adjusted to a position corresponding to the root growth angle, laying the foundation for subsequent determination of drilling points.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present invention, the drill rod mechanism 6 includes a support frame 601, a rotating unit 602, a telescopic tube 603, a drill rod 604, and a drill bit 605. The support frame 601 is mounted on the opening and closing rod 4031 below the bracket 4012. The rotating unit 602 is mounted on the support frame 601. The telescopic tube 603 is mounted on the support frame 601. The drill rod 604 is connected to the output end of the rotating unit 602. The drill bit 605 is connected to the end of the drill rod 604 away from the support frame 601. The fertilizer application component 7 is rotatably mounted on the drill rod 604.

[0035] In this invention, the drill rod mechanism 6 changes its angle synchronously with the opening and closing rod 4031, maintaining consistency with the root angle determined by the measuring component 5 after measuring the canopy angle, thus accurately locating the drilling point. Once the drilling point is determined, the rotating unit 602 on the support frame 601 is activated, driving the drill rod 604 and drill bit 605 connected thereto to rotate. The drill rod 604 and drill bit 605 feed into the soil, realizing the drilling action. After drilling is completed, the telescopic tube 603 retracts, exposing the fertilization component 7 rotatably mounted on the drill rod 604, thus achieving precise fertilization.

[0036] In another embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer application component 7 includes a spiral half-tube 701, an input hole 702, an output hole 703, and a diffuser nozzle 704. The spiral half-tube 701 is rotatably mounted on the drill rod 604. The input hole 702 is opened at one end of the spiral half-tube 701. Several output holes 703 are opened on the spiral half-tube 701. The diffuser nozzle 704 is mounted on the output hole 703. The input hole 702 is connected to an external feeding mechanism through a flexible hose.

[0037] In this invention, when the drill rod mechanism 6 adjusts its angle with the opening and closing rod 4031 and completes drilling, and the telescopic tube 603 retracts to expose the fertilizer application component 7, the external feeding mechanism connects to the input hole 702 through a flexible hose to deliver fertilizer into the spiral half-tube 701. The structural design of the spiral half-tube 701 can guide the fertilizer to flow along its spiral path, so that the fertilizer is evenly distributed to each output hole 703, and then released to the surrounding soil through the diffuser nozzle 704 set on the output hole 703. This structure, combined with the precise drilling point determined by the drill rod mechanism 6, realizes the directional release of fertilizer near the tree roots, further improving the contact efficiency between fertilizer and roots.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, the diffuser nozzle 704 includes a nozzle body 7041, a support ring 7042, a slot 7043, a spring 7044, a slide 7045, and a suppressor head 7046. The nozzle body 7041 is disposed on the output hole 703, the support ring 7042 is disposed on the outer wall of the nozzle body 7041, the slots 7043 are symmetrically opened on the nozzle body 7041, the slide 7045 is slidably disposed on the slots 7043, one end of the spring 7044 is connected to the support ring 7042, the other end of the spring 7044 is connected to the slide 7045, and the suppressor head 7046 is connected to the two slides 7045.

[0039] In this invention, the diffuser nozzle 704 is installed on the output hole 703 of the fertilizer application component 7 through the nozzle body 7041, forming a fertilizer release channel with the spiral half tube 701. When liquid fertilizer is transmitted to the nozzle body 7041 through the output hole 703 of the spiral half tube 701. When the pressure of the liquid fertilizer is low, the pressure of the liquid fertilizer is less than the tension of the spring 7044. At this time, the spring 7044 pulls the slide 7045 and the suppressor head 7046 closer to the nozzle body 7041. The liquid fertilizer is mainly sprayed out from the middle hole of the suppressor head 7046 to form a columnar spray state. This state can spray deep into the soil and contact the roots of the fruit trees at a distance. When the pressure of the liquid fertilizer is high, it exceeds the tension of the spring 7044. At this time, the liquid pressure pushes the slide 7045 and the suppressor head 7046 away from the nozzle body 7041. The liquid fertilizer is mainly sprayed out through the gap between the suppressor head 7046 and the nozzle body 7041, forming a ring spray state. This state can expand the fertilization range and increase the contact area between the fertilizer and the roots.

[0040] Working principle: This embodiment provides a fertilization method for crop root fertilization devices, including the following steps: Step 1: Equipment placement and adjustment; Drive the agricultural machine 1 to the side of the fruit tree to be fertilized, and adjust the height of the arc frame 3 by lifting frame 2 so that the angle calibration mechanism 4 on the arc frame 3 is aligned with the area corresponding to the canopy and drip line of the fruit tree, ensuring that the measuring component 5 can contact the canopy and the drilling mechanism 6 can correspond to the root growth range. Step 2: Measure the canopy angle; The drive unit 4016 of the drive unit 401 is activated, and the motor 4017 drives the gear 4018 to rotate along the rack 4015, causing the slider 4014 to slide along the slide groove 4013. This, in turn, pushes the first hinge rod 4021 and the second hinge rod 4022 of the hinge unit 402 to move together, thereby driving the opening and closing rod 4031 above the bracket 4012 and the measuring component 5 to adjust the angle. Then, the cylinder 502 of the measuring component 5 is activated, driving the moving end of the telescopic rod 501 to extend and contact the edge of the tree crown. The angle of the tree crown is measured by the change in the length of the telescopic rod 501, and the corresponding growth angle of the tree roots is determined. Step 3: Drilling point location and drilling; The opening and closing part 403 of the angle calibration mechanism 4 is synchronously linked, and the opening and closing rod 4031 below the bracket 4012 drives the drill rod mechanism 6 to adjust to the position matching the angle of the tree root to determine the drilling point; then the rotating unit 602 of the drill rod mechanism 6 is started to drive the drill rod 604 and the drill bit 605 to rotate, and at the same time the drill rod 604 feeds into the soil to complete the drilling; after drilling, the telescopic tube 603 retracts, exposing the fertilizer component 7 on the drill rod 604; Step 4: Precise fertilization; The external feeding mechanism delivers liquid fertilizer through the inlet port 702 to the spiral half-pipe 701 via a hose. The fertilizer flows along the spiral path and is distributed to each outlet port 703. The fertilizer enters the nozzle body 7041 of the diffuser nozzle 704. If the fertilizer pressure is low, the spring 7044 pulls the suppressor head 7046 to close, and the fertilizer is sprayed in a columnar shape through the central hole of the suppressor head 7046, penetrating deep into the soil and contacting the distant roots. If the fertilizer pressure is high, the pressure will push the inhibition head 7046 to open, and the fertilizer will be sprayed in a ring through the gap, expanding the contact range with the root system; Step 5: Reset and move; After fertilization, the drill rod mechanism 6 is reset, the lifting frame 2 adjusts the height of the arc frame 3, and the agricultural machine 1 moves to the next fruit tree, repeating the above steps.

[0041] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A crop root fertilization device, characterized in that, The agricultural machine (1) is provided with a lifting frame (2) at the head end of the agricultural machine (1), and an arc frame (3) is provided at the moving end of the lifting frame (2). Several angle verification mechanisms (4) are installed on the arc frame (3). The angle verification mechanism (4) includes a drive unit (401), a hinge unit (402), and an opening and closing unit (403). The drive unit (401) is mounted on the arc frame (3), the hinge unit (402) is located on the drive unit (401), one end of the opening and closing unit (403) is connected to the drive unit (401), and the other end of the opening and closing unit (403) is connected to the hinge unit (402). One of the opening and closing units (403) is provided with a measuring component (5), and the other opening and closing unit (403) is provided with a drill rod mechanism (6). The drill rod mechanism (6) is also provided with a fertilizer application component (7). The driving part (401) of the angle verification mechanism (4) drives the hinge part (402) to drive the opening and closing part (403) and the measuring component (5) to measure according to the crown angle. The other opening and closing part (403) and the drill rod mechanism (6) open and close synchronously, and the included angle changes to determine the drilling point. The drill rod mechanism (6) drills a hole, causing the fertilization component (7) to approach the fertilization point to achieve precise fertilization.

2. The crop root fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive unit (401) includes a mounting bracket (4011), a support (4012), a slide groove (4013), a slider (4014), a rack (4015), and a drive component (4016). The mounting bracket (4011) is mounted on the arc frame (3). The support (4012) is located at one end of the mounting bracket (4011) away from the arc frame (3). The slide groove (4013) is formed on the mounting bracket (4011). The slider (4014) is slidably mounted on the slide groove (4013). The rack (4015) is fixedly mounted on the mounting bracket (4011). The drive component (4016) is mounted on the slider (4014). One end of the hinge (402) is connected to the slider (4014).

3. The crop root fertilization device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving component (4016) includes a motor (4017) and a gear (4018). The motor (4017) is mounted on the slider (4014), and the gear (4018) is mounted on the output end of the motor (4017). The gear (4018) is meshed with the rack (4015).

4. A crop root fertilization device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hinge part (402) includes a first hinge rod (4021) and a second hinge rod (4022). The first hinge rod (4021) is hinged to the slider (4014), and the second hinge rod (4022) is hinged to the bracket (4012). The first hinge rod (4021) and the second hinge rod (4022) are hinged together. The opening and closing part (403) is hinged to the second hinge rod (4022).

5. A crop root fertilization device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The opening and closing part (403) includes an opening and closing rod (4031), a first hinge point (4032) and a second hinge point (4033). The first hinge point (4032) and the second hinge point (4033) are both provided on the opening and closing rod (4031). The first hinge point (4032) is connected to one end of the second hinge rod (4022) near the bracket (4012). The second hinge point (4033) is connected to the middle position of the second hinge rod (4022). The measuring component (5) is provided on the opening and closing rod (4031) located above the bracket (4012). The drill rod mechanism (6) is provided on the opening and closing rod (4031) located below the bracket (4012).

6. A crop root fertilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The measuring component (5) includes a telescopic rod (501) and a cylinder (502). One end of the telescopic rod (501) is fixed on the opening and closing rod (4031) above the bracket (4012). The cylinder (502) is located on the telescopic rod (501). The output end of the cylinder (502) is connected to the moving end of the telescopic rod (501).

7. A crop root fertilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drill rod mechanism (6) includes a support frame (601), a rotating unit (602), a telescopic tube (603), a drill rod (604), and a drill bit (605). The support frame (601) is located on the opening and closing rod (4031) below the bracket (4012). The rotating unit (602) is located on the support frame (601). The telescopic tube (603) is located on the support frame (601). The drill rod (604) is connected to the output end of the rotating unit (602). The drill bit (605) is connected to the end of the drill rod (604) away from the support frame (601). The fertilizer application component (7) is rotatably mounted on the drill rod (604).

8. A crop root fertilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fertilizer application assembly (7) includes a spiral half-tube (701), an input hole (702), an output hole (703), and a diffuser nozzle (704). The spiral half-tube (701) is rotatably mounted on the drill rod (604). The input hole (702) is opened at one end of the spiral half-tube (701). Several output holes (703) are opened on the spiral half-tube (701). The diffuser nozzle (704) is located on the output hole (703). The input hole (702) is connected to an external feeding mechanism via a flexible hose.

9. A crop root fertilization device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The diffuser nozzle (704) includes a nozzle body (7041), a support ring (7042), a slot (7043), a spring (7044), a slide (7045), and a suppressor head (7046). The nozzle body (7041) is disposed on the output hole (703). The support ring (7042) is disposed on the outer wall of the nozzle body (7041). The slot (7043) is symmetrically opened on the nozzle body (7041). The slide (7045) is slidably disposed on the slot (7043). One end of the spring (7044) is connected to the support ring (7042), and the other end of the spring (7044) is connected to the slide (7045). The suppressor head (7046) is connected to the two slides (7045).

10. A fertilization method for a crop root fertilization device, applicable to the crop root fertilization device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Equipment placement and adjustment; Drive the agricultural machine (1) to the side of the fruit tree to be fertilized, and adjust the height of the arc frame (3) by lifting frame (2) so that the angle verification mechanism (4) on the arc frame (3) is aligned with the area corresponding to the canopy and drip line of the fruit tree, ensuring that the measuring component (5) can contact the canopy and the drilling mechanism (6) can correspond to the root growth range. Step 2: Measure the canopy angle; Start the drive unit (4016) of the drive unit (401), the motor (4017) drives the gear (4018) to rotate along the rack (4015), so that the slider (4014) slides along the slide groove (4013), thereby pushing the first hinge rod (4021) and the second hinge rod (4022) of the hinge unit (402) to work together, thereby driving the opening and closing rod (4031) above the bracket (4012) and the measuring component (5) to adjust the angle; then start the cylinder (502) of the measuring component (5), drive the moving end of the telescopic rod (501) to extend and contact the edge of the tree crown, measure the angle of the tree crown by the change in the length of the telescopic rod (501), and determine the corresponding growth angle of the tree roots; Step 3: Drilling point location and drilling; The opening and closing part (403) of the angle calibration mechanism (4) is synchronously linked, and the opening and closing rod (4031) under the bracket (4012) drives the drill rod mechanism (6) to adjust to the position matching the angle of the tree root and determine the drilling point; then the rotating unit (602) of the drill rod mechanism (6) is started to drive the drill rod (604) and drill bit (605) to rotate, and at the same time the drill rod (604) feeds into the soil to complete the drilling; after drilling, the telescopic tube (603) retracts, exposing the fertilizer component (7) on the drill rod (604). Step 4: Precise fertilization; The external feeding mechanism delivers liquid fertilizer through the inlet (702) to the spiral half-pipe (701) via a hose. The fertilizer flows along the spiral path and is distributed to each outlet (703). The fertilizer enters the nozzle body (7041) of the diffuser nozzle (704). If the fertilizer pressure is low, the spring (7044) pulls the suppressor head (7046) to close, and the fertilizer is sprayed in a columnar shape through the central hole of the suppressor head (7046), penetrating deep into the soil to contact the distal root system; If the fertilizer pressure is high, the pressure will push the inhibition head (7046) to open, and the fertilizer will be sprayed in a ring through the gap, expanding the contact range with the root system; Step 5: Reset and move; After fertilization, the drill rod mechanism (6) is reset, the lifting frame (2) adjusts the height of the arc frame (3), and the agricultural machine (1) moves to the next fruit tree and repeats the above steps.

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