Seedling raising method for abies fanjingshanensis

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of plant planting, in particular to an abies fanjingshanensis seedling raising method which includes the following steps that abies fanjingshanensis seeds swollen after absorbing water are placed at the temperature of 10-30 DEG C till the seeds germinate, and germinated seeds are obtained; transplanting the germinated seeds into a mixed matrix, and culturing at 20-25 DEG C to obtain abies fanjingshanensis seedlings; the mixed substrate is obtained by mixing vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1: (0.5-2). The method provided by the invention not only improves the germination rate and germination potential of the Sanjing Mountain seeds and promotes the growth speed of the Sanjing Mountain seeds, but also can improve the survival rate of the Sanjing Mountain seeds, and the survival rate of the Sanjing Mountain seeds reaches 93%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, specifically to a method for cultivating seedlings of Fanjingshan fir. Background Technology

[0002] Fanjingshan fir ( Abies fanjingshanensis This species is endemic to the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province, and is a national first-class protected plant. It is the only surviving fir species in Guizhou today, and also belongs to the fir genus (…). Abies One of the four species of *Millium* distributed in subtropical regions, it is an important material for research in plant systematics, paleontology, and global climate change, possessing extremely significant scientific research value. Furthermore, this species forms a certain area of ​​fir forest in the Lanchading and Juchishan areas of Fanjingshan, and is the only one of the four species to clearly constitute a vertical fir community, which is extremely important for maintaining the stability of biodiversity in this region. Currently, it is listed as an endangered (EN) species in the *List of Threatened Species of Higher Plants in China*, and is also listed as one of the 50 extremely small population wild plants urgently requiring rescue protection.

[0003] The Fanjingshan fir is susceptible to changes in the external environment, making seedling cultivation difficult. Only a few literature reports brief seedbed sowing and seedling cultivation experiments, with survival rates all below 19%. Therefore, this study aims to provide a method to improve the survival rate of Fanjingshan fir seedlings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To develop a method for propagating Fanjingshan fir seedlings with high germination rate and good growth, this invention provides a method for propagating Fanjingshan fir seedlings by cuttings. By precisely controlling the temperature and the composition of the mixed substrate during the seed germination process, the survival rate of Fanjingshan fir seedlings is effectively improved.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows.

[0006] A method for cultivating seedlings of Fanjingshan fir trees includes the following steps: After the seeds of the Fanjingshan fir have absorbed water and swelled, they are cultured at a temperature of 10℃~30℃ until they germinate, and the germinated seeds are obtained. Germinated seeds were transplanted into a mixed substrate and cultured at 20℃~25℃ to obtain seedlings of Fanjingshan fir. The mixed substrate was prepared by mixing vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 1:0.5~2.

[0007] Furthermore, the specific germination process is as follows: The seeds of Fanjingshan fir were subjected to alternating light and dark treatment at 10℃~30℃, humidity 70%~80%, and CO2 concentration 200ppm~400ppm until the seeds germinated.

[0008] Furthermore, the conditions for the light / dark alternation process are: 12 hours of light per day, 12 hours of darkness per day.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific process of transplanting the germinated seeds into the mixed substrate for cultivation is as follows: After germination, transplant the seeds into a mixed substrate, water them once or twice a week, and add nutrient solution once a week.

[0010] Furthermore, the watering rate is 1L / m² each time. 2 ~1.5L / m 2 The nutrient solution dosage is 15L / m³. 2 ~20mL / m 2 .

[0011] Furthermore, the humidity of the mixed matrix is ​​75%~85%.

[0012] Furthermore, the vermiculite has a particle size of 3mm to 6mm, and the perlite has a particle size of 2mm to 4mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific process for obtaining the water-absorbed and swollen Fanjingshan fir seeds is as follows: Soak the seeds of Fanjingshan fir in water at 25℃~35℃ for 22h~26h.

[0014] Furthermore, before transplanting the germinated seeds into the mixed substrate, the mixed substrate must be cleaned.

[0015] Furthermore, the disinfectant used is a carbendazim solution with a mass percentage concentration of 0.01% to 0.03%.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention achieves germination in approximately 6 days at temperatures between 10℃ and 30℃, with germination completed in as little as 18 days, exhibiting excellent germination rate and vigor. This provides a new method for improving the germination rate and vigor of *Abies fanjingshanensis*, thus benefiting its growth and propagation. After initial seed culture, seedlings were cultivated in six different substrates. It was found that *Abies fanjingshanensis* seedlings grew best in a mixed substrate of vermiculite and perlite at a volume ratio of 1:0.5-2, achieving a survival rate as high as 93%. This lays a theoretical foundation for improving the survival rate of *Abies fanjingshanensis* and is beneficial for expanding its population density. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 The effect of temperature on the germination process of Fanjingshan fir seeds.

[0019] Figure 2 The effect of temperature on the germination rate and germination potential of Fanjingshan fir seeds.

[0020] Figure 3 The effect of temperature on the growth indicators of germinating seeds of Abies yunnanensis in Fanjingshan.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the survival status of the Fanjingshan fir in Example 1. Multiple samples are a set of parallel samples.

[0022] Figure 5 The image shows the survival status of the Fanjingshan fir in Comparative Example 3. Multiple samples are a set of parallel samples.

[0023] Figure 6 The image shows the survival status of the Fanjingshan fir in Comparative Example 4. Multiple samples are a set of parallel samples.

[0024] Figure 7 The image shows the survival status of the Fanjingshan fir in Comparative Example 5. Multiple samples are a group of parallel samples.

[0025] Figure 8 The image shows the survival status of the Fanjingshan fir in Comparative Example 6. Multiple samples are a set of parallel samples.

[0026] Figure 9 The image shows the survival status of the Fanjingshan fir in Comparative Example 7. Multiple samples are a group of parallel samples. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0028] The nutrient solution used in the following examples was purchased from the Devodo JD.com flagship store as a general-purpose plant nutrient solution and diluted 300 times before watering.

[0029] Example 1: A method for cultivating seedlings of Fanjingshan fir.

[0030] Early Harvesting: The seeds of the Fanjingshan fir used in this experiment were collected in late October 2023 from Baiyun Temple, Lanchading, and Juchishan in the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Tongren City, Guizhou Province. Vigorous, high-quality seed-bearing individuals were selected for seed collection. After securing the individuals with safety ropes, mature cones were clipped using high-branch shears. Fallen cones were promptly collected and placed in cloth or net bags. Care was taken to avoid damaging the mother tree trunk and branches during the collection process.

[0031] Seed storage: After the seeds are separated from the cones, they are stored in a seed storage box at a temperature of 5°C.

[0032] Germination preparation: On April 24, 2024, a seed germination experiment was conducted. The seeds of Fanjingshan fir were soaked in 30℃ warm water for 24 hours for later use.

[0033] Germination treatment: Select plump seeds from the water-absorbed and swollen seeds of Fanjingshan fir, transfer them into germination boxes lined with germination paper, and place them in an artificial climate chamber. The artificial climate chamber is set to a photoperiod of 12h / light, 12h / dark, a temperature of 15℃, a humidity of 75%, and a CO2 concentration of 300ppm until the seeds germinate.

[0034] Seedling treatment: Vermiculite and perlite purchased from Guiyang Xiaowang Horticulture Co., Ltd. were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed substrate. The mixed substrate was then placed into nutrient bags, and the substrate in the nutrient bags was moistened with water to maintain the humidity of the mixed substrate at 85%. After disinfecting the mixed substrate with a 0.1% (w / w) carbendazim concentration, the germinated Fanjingshan fir seeds were transplanted into the substrate and cultured at a temperature of 25℃. During the cultivation process, watering was carried out twice a week and nutrient solution was added once a week, with each watering amount being 1.4L / m³. 2 The nutrient solution dosage is 18 mL / m 2 This process continues until seedlings of Fanjingshan fir are obtained. The vermiculite has a particle size of 5mm, and the perlite has a particle size of 3mm.

[0035] The preparation method of carbendazim with a mass percentage concentration of 0.1% is as follows: Weigh 0.1g of carbendazim raw powder, add 500mL of distilled water or deionized water to a container, slowly add the weighed carbendazim raw powder to the water, and stir with a glass rod at the same time to ensure that the carbendazim is completely dissolved. Continue stirring until the carbendazim is completely dissolved and the solution becomes clear and transparent.

[0036] Comparative Example 1: Comparative Example 1 is the same as Example 1 in all other steps, except that: Germination treatment: Select plump seeds from the water-absorbed and swollen seeds of Fanjingshan fir, transfer them into germination boxes lined with germination paper, and place them in an artificial climate chamber. The artificial climate chamber is set with a photoperiod of 12h / light and 12h / dark, a temperature of 25℃, a humidity of 75%, and a CO2 concentration of 300ppm until the seeds germinate.

[0037] Comparative Example 2: Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 1 in all other steps, except that: Germination treatment: Select plump seeds from the water-absorbed and swollen seeds of Fanjingshan fir, transfer them into germination boxes lined with germination paper, and place them in an artificial climate chamber. The artificial climate chamber is set with a photoperiod of h / light, 12h / dark, a temperature of 5℃, a humidity of 75%, and a CO2 concentration of 300ppm and is cultured until the seeds germinate.

[0038] Comparative Example 3: Comparative Example 3 is the same as Example 1 in all other steps, except that: Seedling treatment: Garden soil dug from farmland around the Guizhou Academy of Forestry was placed into nutrient bags. The garden soil in the nutrient bags was moistened with water, and the substrate was disinfected with carbendazim at a mass percentage concentration of 0.1%. Then, the germinated seeds of Fanjingshan fir were transplanted into the garden soil.

[0039] Comparative Example 4: Comparative Example 4 is the same as Example 1 in other specific steps, except that: Seedling treatment: The humus substrate purchased from Guiyang Xiaowang Horticulture Co., Ltd. was filled into nutrient bags, and 30 replicates were performed. The substrate in the nutrient bags was moistened with water and disinfected with carbendazim at a mass percentage concentration of 0.1%. The germinated Fanjingshan fir seeds were then transplanted into the humus substrate.

[0040] Comparative Example 5: Comparative Example 5 is the same as Example 1 in other specific steps, except that: Seedling treatment: The sawdust substrate (fermented and matured sawdust) purchased from Hengjian Organic Agriculture official website on Taobao was placed into nutrient bags, with 30 replicates. The substrate in the nutrient bags was moistened with water and disinfected with 0.1% carbendazim. The germinated Fanjingshan fir seeds were then transplanted into the sawdust substrate.

[0041] Comparative Example 6: Comparative Example 6 is the same as Example 1 in other specific steps, except that: Seedling treatment: The humus and perlite purchased from Guiyang Xiaowang Horticulture Co., Ltd. were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed substrate. The mixed substrate was then placed into nutrient bags, and 30 replicates were performed. The substrate in the nutrient bags was moistened with water and disinfected with carbendazim at a mass percentage concentration of 0.1%. Germinated Fanjingshan fir seeds were then transplanted into the mixed substrate.

[0042] Comparative Example 7: Comparative Example 7 is the same as Example 1 in other specific steps, except that: Seedling treatment: River sand and perlite purchased from Guiyang Xiaowang Horticulture Co., Ltd. were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed substrate. The mixed substrate was then placed into nutrient bags, and 30 replicates were performed. The substrate in the nutrient bags was moistened with water and disinfected with carbendazim at a mass percentage concentration of 0.1%. Germinated Fanjingshan fir seeds were then transplanted into the mixed substrate.

[0043] The germination time, germination potential, and germination rate of *Abies fanjingshanensis* seeds at different temperatures were studied using Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The survival rate of *Abies fanjingshanensis* seedlings in different substrates was studied using Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3-7. The relevant experimental methods and results are as follows:

[0044] I. Germination Time of Fanjingshan Fir Seeds The number of germinations was recorded daily during the germination process. The germination characteristics of Fanjingshan fir seeds at different temperatures are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1. Results of seed germination characteristics of *Abies fanjingshanensis* at different temperatures. Note: "-" indicates that it will not sprout.

[0046] As shown in Table 1, the germination process differed significantly under the three temperatures. At 5℃, the seeds of *Fraxinus chinensis* barely germinated, indicating inhibition by the low temperature. At 15℃, the first seed germinated on day 10, with germination activity peaking on day 22, as shown in the germination curve. Figure 1 As shown, germination stabilized after day 25; at 25℃, the first seed germinated on day 6, germination potential was observed on day 12, and the germination rate curve stabilized after day 18. This indicates that at 25℃, Fanjingshan fir seeds germinate in approximately 18 days, while at 15℃ it takes approximately 25 days, demonstrating that increasing the temperature shortens the germination time and accelerates the germination rate. Since germination was essentially inhibited at 5℃, no further experiments were conducted.

[0047] II. Growth Indicators of Germinated Seeds of Fanjingshan Fir During germination, the length of the bud and root was measured daily with a ruler. Seed germination was marked by the radicle reaching half the seed length. The results were as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0048] Depend on Figure 3 As shown, root length did not differ significantly under different temperature conditions, but shoot length varied greatly. Shoot length and total length at 15℃ were significantly lower than at 25℃, indicating that increasing temperature is beneficial to improving shoot growth.

[0049] III. Germination potential and germination rate of Fanjingshan fir seeds During germination, the number of germinated seeds was recorded daily until the number of germinated seeds stopped changing. Germination potential, germination rate, and germination speed index were then calculated. Germination was observed every 24 hours during the germination experiment. Germination rate and germination potential were used as indicators. Germinated seedlings were removed. Germination potential was calculated when the number of germinated seeds reached its peak. Germination rate was calculated when the average number of germinated seeds was less than 1% of the total number of seeds tested for five consecutive days at the end of the germination period.

[0050] Germination rate (%) = Number of normally germinated seeds / Total number of tested seeds × 100%; Germination potential (%) = Number of normally germinated seeds at peak germination / Total number of tested seeds × 100%.

[0051] The germination potential and germination rate of Fanjingshan fir seeds are shown in Table 2 and... Figure 2 As shown.

[0052] Table 2 Germination potential and germination rate of Fanjingshan fir seeds at different temperatures From Table 2 and Figure 2 It was found that both seed germination potential and germination rate were higher at 15℃. At 15℃, the germination rate was 29.33% and the germination potential was 22.67%; at 25℃, the germination rate was only 22.67% and the germination potential was 16%, indicating that germination rate and potential were higher at 15℃, and different temperature conditions had a significant impact on germination rate and potential. During seed germination, it was observed that at 25℃, seeds were more prone to mold and hair growth, leading to seed rot and reducing the germination rate.

[0053] IV. Survival rate of Fanjingshan fir seedlings in different substrates.

[0054] During the germination process of the fir trees on Mount Fanjing, their growth and survival rate were observed and recorded daily. The results are shown in Table 3 and... Figures 4-9 As shown. The survival rate (%) = (Number of normally growing seedlings / Total number of tested seedlings) × 100%

[0055] Table 3 Survival rate of Fanjingshan fir seedlings under different substrates From Table 3 and Figures 4-9It was found that at 15℃, the Fanjingshan fir grew best in a vermiculite:perlite mixed substrate, with a survival rate as high as 93%. The second best was humus soil, with a survival rate of 70%. In garden soil, the survival rate of Fanjingshan fir seedlings was 60%. The substrate with the lowest survival rate was sawdust, with a seedling survival rate of only 40%, indicating root rot. The six substrates showed that the vermiculite:perlite mixed substrate was the most suitable for the growth of Fanjingshan fir seedlings. This is mainly because the Fanjingshan fir grows in a high-humidity environment, and the soil is covered with a thick layer of moss. Therefore, the high moisture content and large porosity of the soil in which Fanjingshan fir seedlings grow make it easier for them to root and breathe. Thus, the mixed substrate obtained by mixing vermiculite and perlite in a 1:1 volume ratio forms a pore structure more similar to the mossy soil in which Fanjingshan fir grows, exhibiting characteristics of high moisture content and large porosity. Compared to vermiculite, humus and perlite, and humus and garden soil, the mixture of vermiculite and perlite has larger pores. Compared to sawdust and river sand, the mixture of perlite has smaller pores, which helps retain water better and better meet the growth conditions.

[0056] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, once they have learned the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments.

[0057] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating seedlings of Abies yunnanensis from Mount Fanjing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After the seeds of the Fanjingshan fir have absorbed water and swelled, they are cultured at a temperature of 10℃~30℃ until they germinate, and the germinated seeds are obtained. Germinated seeds were transplanted into a mixed substrate and cultured at 20℃~25℃ to obtain seedlings of Fanjingshan fir. The mixed substrate was prepared by mixing vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 1:0.5~2.

2. The method for cultivating fir seedlings of Mount Fanjing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific germination process is as follows: The seeds of Fanjingshan fir were subjected to alternating light and dark treatment at 10℃~30℃, humidity 70%~80%, and CO2 concentration 200ppm~400ppm until the seeds germinated.

3. The method for cultivating seedlings of Fanjingshan fir according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conditions for the light / dark alternation process are: 12 hours of light per day, 12 hours of darkness per day.

4. The method for cultivating seedlings of Fanjingshan fir according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of transplanting the germinated seeds into the mixed substrate for cultivation is as follows: After germination, transplant the seeds into a mixed substrate, water them once or twice a week, and add nutrient solution once a week.

5. The method for cultivating fir seedlings of Mount Fanjing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amount of water used each time is 1L / m. 2 ~1.5L / m 2 The nutrient solution dosage is 15L / m³. 2 ~20mL / m 2 .

6. The method for cultivating fir seedlings of Mount Fanjing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moisture content of the mixed matrix is ​​75%~85%.

7. The method for cultivating fir seedlings of Mount Fanjing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vermiculite has a particle size of 3mm to 6mm, and the perlite has a particle size of 2mm to 4mm.

8. The method for cultivating seedlings of Fanjingshan fir according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of obtaining the Fanjingshan fir seeds after they have absorbed water and swelled is as follows: Soak the seeds of Fanjingshan fir in water at 25℃~35℃ for 22h~26h.

9. The method for cultivating seedlings of Fanjingshan fir according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before transplanting germinated seeds into the mixed substrate, the mixed substrate must also be cleaned.

10. The method for cultivating seedlings of Fanjingshan fir according to claim 9, characterized in that, The disinfection reagent used is a carbendazim solution with a mass percentage concentration of 0.01% to 0.03%.

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