Lodging-resistant feeding oat germplasm screening and identifying method and application of lodging-resistant feeding oat germplasm screening and identifying method in breeding
By employing multiple index screening and multi-generation hybridization breeding methods, the problem of inaccurate oat germplasm identification in existing technologies has been solved, improving the accuracy of lodging resistance evaluation and variety stability, and achieving a synergistic improvement in lodging resistance and biomass.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511348002.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-16
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, the identification and screening methods for lodging-resistant oat germplasm are not perfect, which leads to a relative lag in the breeding and genetic improvement of lodging-resistant oats for feed. Traditional evaluation methods ignore the interaction between stem strength and plant structure, resulting in poor accuracy.
By integrating multiple indicators such as actual lodging rate, plant type, ear type, and leaf type in the field, and combining factors such as stem strength and growth period, high-yield and lodging-resistant germplasm resources were screened, and lodging-resistant varieties were bred through multi-generation hybridization and backcross breeding methods.
It improved the accuracy of lodging resistance evaluation, ensured the stability of varieties under variable climate conditions, reduced the fluctuation of lodging rate, and achieved a synergistic improvement in lodging resistance and biomass.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of oat breeding technology, specifically to a method for screening and identifying lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm and its application in breeding. Background Technology
[0002] Oats, as an important dual-purpose crop for both food and forage, are severely affected by lodging, which significantly impacts their yield and quality. Breeding lodging-resistant varieties is a crucial approach to synergistically improving high-yield lodging resistance and is a primary target trait in oat breeding. Traditional lodging resistance evaluation relies mainly on single traits (such as plant height), neglecting the interaction between stem strength and plant structure, resulting in poor evaluation accuracy. Existing technologies for identifying and screening lodging-resistant oat germplasm are not yet perfect, leading to a relative lag in lodging resistance breeding and genetic improvement of forage oats. This invention integrates actual field lodging rates and stem morphological characteristics to establish a technology for evaluating and screening lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm based on plant structure and its breeding. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for screening and identifying lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm and its application in breeding, so as to solve the technical problems of conventional breeding of lodging-resistant forage oat varieties.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for screening and identifying lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm, comprising: Step S1, Germplasm identification and screening: Lodging rate, plant type, spike type and leaf type were identified at two points over three years for 200 oat germplasm resources, and germplasm with actual lodging rate of less than 5% was screened. Step S2, Evaluation of superior germplasm: The basal internode stem strength, growth period and tillering ability of the 200 oat germplasm resources in step S1 were evaluated, and high-yielding and lodging-resistant germplasm was selected as candidate parents for breeding objectives in combination with yield.
[0005] Furthermore, the identification criteria in step S2 include: a. Plant height: 115cm ≤ plant height ≤ 125cm; b. Center of gravity height: 55cm ≤ center of gravity height ≤ 65cm; c. Internode below the ear: 35cm ≤ Internode length below the ear ≤ 45cm; d. Puncture strength and flexural strength: For the first segment at the base of the stem, 21N ≤ stem puncture strength ≤ 23N, and 23N ≤ stem flexural strength ≤ 25N; The second segment at the base of the stem has a puncture strength of 18N ≤ stem puncture strength ≤ 20N and a flexural strength of 20N ≤ stem flexural strength ≤ 22N.
[0006] Furthermore, the identification criteria in step S2 also include an actual lodging rate of less than 5% in the field and a leaf angle of ≤45 degrees.
[0007] Furthermore, this candidate germplasm is a high-yielding, lodging-resistant forage variety.
[0008] This invention also provides a breeding method for lodging-resistant forage oats, which involves crossbreeding high-yielding varieties with lodging-resistant varieties, repeatedly backcrossing the F1 generation with lodging-resistant varieties, and cultivating high-yielding, lodging-resistant oat varieties based on screening and identification methods for lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm. The breeding steps include: Step S01, parent selection: Select two forage oat varieties, a high-yielding variety and a lodging-resistant variety, for sowing, using single-seed sowing; cross the high-yielding variety and the lodging-resistant variety during the flowering period, and harvest the seed-bearing seeds, i.e., F0 generation seeds; Step S02, F1 generation selection: F0 generation seeds are sown individually with a plant spacing of 15cm. During the seedling stage, the number of tillers and emergence rate per plant are counted. 25 days after the panicles are fully formed, the number of panicles per plant is investigated. All seeds are harvested individually at maturity. The plump and full seeds are selected as F1 generation seeds. Step S03, backcrossing: Sow F1 generation seeds individually with a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 15cm. Select large-eared, lodging-resistant single plants and backcross them with the recurrent parent (lodging-resistant variety) four times (BC1F1-BC2F1-BC3F1-BC4F1) to obtain four generations of backcrossing (BC4F1). Then, perform continuous self-crossing (BC4F1-BC4F3) to obtain superior lines that carry the overall traits of the recurrent parent (lodging-resistant variety). Identify plant characteristics and lodging resistance.
[0009] Step S04, Plant row selection: In the self-pollinated progeny BC4F3 or BC4F3 population, measure the stem strength of the basal internodes 20 days after heading, count the actual lodging rate, and select superior plant rows that meet the breeding objectives in combination with the plant type system.
[0010] Furthermore, in step S01, a high-yielding variety is used as the female parent and a lodging-resistant variety is used as the male parent for hybridization.
[0011] Furthermore, in step S03, the F1 generation is used as the female parent and a lodging-resistant variety is used as the male parent for repeated backcrossing.
[0012] Furthermore, the selection requirements for high-yielding and lodging-resistant varieties include: selecting stems with a first internode length ≤6cm, a second internode length ≤10cm, a stem diameter ≥6.5mm at the first internode, a nearly circular cross-section, and a stem wall thickness ≥2.0mm; a stem diameter ≥6.0mm at the second internode, a nearly circular cross-section, and a stem wall thickness ≥1.5mm; and flag leaves that are raised, with a flag leaf width ≥1.5cm and a flag leaf length ≥20cm.
[0013] Furthermore, the selection requirements for high-yielding and lodging-resistant varieties also include: selecting varieties with elongated basal internodes, upright ears, or loose ears.
[0014] Furthermore, the circumferential panicle type includes panicle peduncle and rachis lengths of ≤4cm.
[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. This invention integrates stem mechanics (puncture / bending strength), morphology (thickness, wall thickness, internode length) with plant type, ear type, and leaf type indicators, breaking through the limitations of traditional single trait (plant height) screening and greatly improving the accuracy of lodging resistance evaluation.
[0016] 2. This invention ensures the stability of varieties under variable climate conditions through "multi-year, multi-location" trials, and reduces the range of lodging rate fluctuations.
[0017] 3. Through multiple selections of plant type, leaf type, ear type, and lodging resistance traits, combined with tillering ability, lodging resistance and biomass can be synergistically improved.
[0018] 4. This application is applicable to field identification, evaluation and screening of lodging-resistant germplasm for feed oats, as well as lodging-resistant breeding, and can be demonstrated and promoted for application. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. Here, the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are used to explain the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention.
[0020] This embodiment provides a method for screening and identifying lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm, including the following steps: Step S1, Germplasm Identification and Screening: 200 oat germplasm resources for feed were identified in the field over many years and at multiple locations (generally 2 locations over 2 years or 2 locations over 3 years) based on actual lodging rate, plant type (compact, medium plant height, moderate tillering, and reasonable internode configuration), spike type (tightly circumferential, large spike, and many grains), and leaf type (upright and upright, with wide and long leaves). Germplasm with an actual lodging rate of less than 5% was selected. Step S2, Evaluation of superior germplasm: The basal internode stem strength, growth period and tillering ability of the 200 oat germplasm resources in step S1 are evaluated, and high-yielding and lodging-resistant germplasm are selected as candidate parents for breeding targets, which are the high-yielding and lodging-resistant forage varieties required by this invention.
[0021] The evaluation criteria for step S2 (the following indicators are measured during the grouting period) include: a. Plant height: 115cm ≤ plant height ≤ 125cm; b. Center of gravity height: 55cm ≤ center of gravity height ≤ 65cm; c. Internode below the ear: 35cm ≤ Internode length below the ear ≤ 45cm; d. Puncture strength and flexural strength: For the first segment at the base of the stem, 21N ≤ stem puncture strength ≤ 23N, and 23N ≤ stem flexural strength ≤ 25N; The second segment at the base of the stem has a puncture strength of 18N ≤ stem penetration strength ≤ 20N and a flexural strength of 20N ≤ stem bending strength ≤ 22N. The bending strength and puncture strength are measured using a YYD-1 type stem strength tester. e. The actual lodging level in the field at maturity is 0, the actual lodging rate in the field is less than 5%, the leaf angle is ≤45 degrees, and the plant type is required to be compact, the flag leaf is raised, the panicle is tightly packed, and the stem is thick and upright.
[0022] This embodiment also provides a breeding method for lodging-resistant forage oats. This method selects lodging-resistant varieties screened using the aforementioned identification methods and performs sexual hybridization with high-yielding forage oat varieties. Through pedigree selection over multiple generations, superior lines carrying recurrent parents with overall traits are obtained. The specific breeding steps include: Step S01, parent selection: Select two forage oat varieties, a lodging-resistant variety and a high-yielding variety, for sowing, using single-seed sowing; during the flowering period, use the high-yielding variety as the female parent and the lodging-resistant variety as the male parent to cross, and harvest the seed-bearing seeds, i.e., F0 generation seeds; Step S02, F1 generation selection: F0 generation seeds are sown individually with a plant spacing of 15cm. During the seedling stage, the number of tillers and emergence rate per plant are counted. 25 days after the panicles are fully formed, the number of panicles per plant is investigated. All seeds are harvested individually at maturity. The plump and full seeds are selected as F1 generation seeds. Step S03, backcrossing: Sow F1 generation seeds individually, with a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 15cm. Select large-eared, lodging-resistant individual plants and cross them with the parent (the lodging-resistant variety is the recurrent parent) to obtain backcross offspring BC1F1. Sow all backcross generation 1 BC1F1 seeds individually, and select large-eared, lodging-resistant individual plants and cross them with the parent (referring to the lodging-resistant variety) to obtain backcross generation 2 BC2F1. All backcross generation 2 BC2F1 seeds were sown individually. Large-spike, lodging-resistant individual plants were selected and crossed with the parent (referring to lodging-resistant varieties) to obtain backcross generation 3 BC3F1. All backcross generation 3 BC3F1 seeds were sown individually. Large-spike, lodging-resistant individual plants were selected and crossed with the parent (referring to lodging-resistant varieties) to obtain backcross generation 4 BC4F1. Then, continuous self-pollination (BC4F1-BC4F3) was carried out to obtain superior lines that carry the overall traits of the recurrent parent (referring to lodging-resistant varieties). Plant characteristics and lodging resistance were then identified.
[0023] Step S04, Plant Row Selection: In the BC4F3 or BC4F3 population of self-pollinated progeny, measure the stem strength of the basal internodes 20 days after heading, calculate the actual lodging rate, and select superior plant rows that meet the breeding objectives based on the plant type system. Trait selection includes: tight ear shape, compact plant type, wide and long flag leaf, short basal internodes, robust stems, strong tillering ability, and lodging resistance.
[0024] The selection requirements for parents, backcross progeny plants, and self-pollinated lines include: 1. Select stems with the first node at the base of the stem ≤6cm in length, the second node ≤10cm in length, the stem diameter of the first node at the base of the stem ≥6.5mm, a near-circular cross-section (cross-section roundness error ≤5%, diameter ratio 1:1.0–1.2), and a stem wall thickness ≥2.0mm; 2. The stem diameter at the second internode at the base of the stem is ≥6.0mm, the cross-section is nearly circular (cross-section roundness error ≤5%, diameter ratio 1:1.0–1.2), and the stem wall thickness is ≥1.5mm; 3. Flag leaf raised, flag leaf width ≥ 1.5cm, flag leaf length ≥ 20cm; 4. Select plants with 1-3 internodes elongated at the base, upright stems, tightly packed or loosely packed panicles (stalk and rachis length ≤ 4cm), and large, upright flag leaves to achieve both lodging resistance and high biomass.
[0025] The field trials conducted according to the examples, with actual lodging rate and yield recorded at maturity, are shown in Table 1. Table 1
[0026] Field trials conducted according to the examples recorded plant height, center of gravity height, flexural strength of the basal (1, 2) nodes, and puncture strength of different tested materials. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2
[0027] This application integrates stem mechanics (puncture / bending strength), morphology (node thickness, wall thickness, node length), and plant type (leaf type, ear type) indicators during screening, overcoming the limitations of traditional single-plant-height screening and significantly improving the accuracy of lodging resistance identification. Through multi-year, multi-location trials, it ensures the stability of lodging resistance in different ecological zones across years. Standardized procedures, such as measuring stem strength and statistically analyzing lodging rates, enhance identification accuracy, making it suitable for widespread application.
[0028] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for screening and identifying lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm, characterized in that, include: Step S1, Germplasm identification and screening: Lodging rate, plant type, spike type and leaf type were identified at two points over three years for 200 oat germplasm resources, and germplasm with actual lodging rate of less than 5% was screened. Step S2, Evaluation of superior germplasm: The basal internode stem strength, growth period and tillering ability of the 200 oat germplasm resources in step S1 were evaluated, and high-yielding and lodging-resistant germplasm was selected as candidate parents for breeding objectives in combination with yield.
2. The method for screening and identifying lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The identification criteria in step S2 include: a. Plant height: 115cm ≤ plant height ≤ 125cm; b. Center of gravity height: 55cm ≤ center of gravity height ≤ 65cm; c. Internode below the ear: 35cm ≤ Internode length below the ear ≤ 45cm; d. Puncture strength and flexural strength: For the first segment at the base of the stem, 21N ≤ stem puncture strength ≤ 23N, and 23N ≤ stem flexural strength ≤ 25N; The second segment at the base of the stem has a puncture strength of 18N ≤ stem puncture strength ≤ 20N and a flexural strength of 20N ≤ stem flexural strength ≤ 22N.
3. The method for screening and identifying lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm according to claim 2, characterized in that, The identification criteria in step S2 also include an actual lodging rate of less than 5% in the field and a leaf angle of ≤45 degrees.
4. The method for screening and identifying lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm according to claim 3, characterized in that, This candidate germplasm is a high-yielding, lodging-resistant forage variety.
5. A breeding method for lodging-resistant forage oats, comprising selecting high-yielding, lodging-resistant varieties screened using the screening and identification method for lodging-resistant forage oat germplasm as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, High-yielding varieties and lodging-resistant varieties are selected for crossbreeding. The breeding steps include: Step S01, parent selection: Select two forage oat varieties, a high-yielding variety and a lodging-resistant variety, for sowing, using single-seed sowing; cross the high-yielding variety and the lodging-resistant variety during the flowering period, and harvest the seed-bearing seeds, i.e., F0 generation seeds; Step S02, F1 generation selection: F0 generation seeds are sown individually with a plant spacing of 15cm. During the seedling stage, the number of tillers and emergence rate per plant are counted. 25 days after the panicles are fully formed, the number of panicles per plant is investigated. All seeds are harvested individually at maturity. The plump and full seeds are selected as F1 generation seeds. Step S03, backcrossing: Sow F1 generation seeds individually with a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 15cm. Select large-eared, lodging-resistant single plants and backcross them with the recurrent parent four times to obtain four generations of backcrosses. Then, perform continuous self-pollination to obtain superior lines that carry the overall traits of the recurrent parent and identify plant characteristics and lodging resistance. Step S04, Plant row selection: In the self-pollinated progeny, measure the stem strength of the basal internodes 20 days after heading, count the actual lodging rate, and select superior plant rows that meet the breeding objectives in combination with the plant type system.
6. The breeding method for lodging-resistant forage oats according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S01, a high-yielding variety is used as the female parent and a lodging-resistant variety is used as the male parent for hybridization.
7. The breeding method for lodging-resistant forage oats according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S03, F1 generation is used as the female parent and lodging-resistant varieties are used as the male parent for repeated backcrossing.
8. The breeding method for lodging-resistant forage oats according to claim 5, characterized in that, The selection requirements for high-yielding and lodging-resistant varieties include: the first internode at the base of the stem is ≤6cm long, the second internode is ≤10cm long, the stem diameter at the first internode at the base is ≥6.5mm, the cross-section is nearly circular, and the stem wall thickness is ≥2.0mm; the stem diameter at the second internode at the base is ≥6.0mm, the cross-section is nearly circular, and the stem wall thickness is ≥1.5mm; the flag leaf is raised, the flag leaf width is ≥1.5cm, and the flag leaf length is ≥20cm.
9. The breeding method for lodging-resistant forage oats according to claim 8, characterized in that, The selection requirements for high-yield and lodging-resistant varieties also include: selecting varieties with elongated basal internodes, upright, tightly packed panicles, or loosely packed panicles.
10. The breeding method for lodging-resistant forage oats according to claim 9, characterized in that, The circumferential panicle type includes panicle stalks and rachis lengths of ≤4cm.