Sublevel drilling stage subsequent filling mining method capable of rapidly forming cutting groove

Abstract

The invention discloses a sublevel drilling stage subsequent filling mining method capable of rapidly forming cutting grooves, which relates to the technical field of mining, and comprises the following steps of: adopting the sublevel drilling stage subsequent filling mining method in advance, dividing an ore body into ore chambers and ore pillars, arranging three drilling sublevels and one concentrated ore removal level, arranging a stope vertical to the trend of the ore body, no column is left; performing cutting raise rapid well completion, and adopting a raise boring machine to construct a large-aperture empty hole. According to the method, the efficiency and safety of mining are remarkably improved through deep integration of an innovative cutting groove rapid forming technology and an energy resource recycling technology, a large-aperture empty hole and medium-length hole collaborative blasting technology is adopted for the cutting raise, the reverse groove broaching sequence from bottom to top is combined, the construction period of the cutting groove is greatly shortened, and the construction cost is reduced. And the waiting time of each link is reduced, so that the stope can rapidly meet the conditions of large-scale ore breaking and ore removal.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine exploitation, in particular to a kind of cut slot rapid formation's segmented rock drilling stage subsequent filling mining method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of underground mine exploitation, cut slot as the initial free surface and compensation space of stoping blasting, its formation efficiency directly determines the production capacity and safety level of mine. In the traditional segmented rock drilling stage subsequent filling mining method, the construction of cut slot has long been faced with technical bottleneck: on the one hand, as the core structure of cut slot, the construction of cut slot is mostly dependent on manual or simple machine, the working environment is poor, is influenced by underground floatstone, gun smoke and high stress, the safety risk is outstanding, and it is difficult to adapt to the mining demand of high stage and large depth ore body; on the other hand, the slotting process of cut slot generally adopts the “positive” sequence from top to bottom, needs to be blasted layer by layer and repeatedly loosen and mine, the process connection is complicated, not only prolongs the stope preparation period, but also leads to the load imbalance of different level mining equipment, which restricts the improvement of overall production efficiency of mine.

[0003] With the deepening of the concept of green mine construction, the contradiction between traditional cut slot construction technology and resource and energy utilization mode is increasingly prominent. In terms of resource utilization, rock powder, large block waste rock and other materials generated during cutting are directly stored as waste, which not only occupies land resources, but also wastes recyclable materials; in terms of energy consumption, the blasting energy is not effectively recycled, and the mining equipment mostly relies on traditional fuel power, which is high in energy consumption and large in emission, which is not consistent with the development trend of low-carbon mining. In addition, although there are some resource recycling or energy saving measures in the existing technology, they are mostly limited to a single link, and cannot form a coordinated recycling system for the whole process of “blasting, mining and filling”, resulting in low resource utilization rate and poor comprehensive benefits, which is difficult to meet the efficient, green and safe mining demand of modern mine.

[0004] At present, no effective solution has been proposed for the problems in the related art. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems in the related art, the present application proposes a kind of cut slot rapid formation's segmented rock drilling stage subsequent filling mining method to overcome the above technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] In one aspect of the present application:

[0008] A kind of cut slot rapid formation's segmented rock drilling stage subsequent filling mining method, comprising the following steps:

[0009] The ore body is divided into ore rooms and ore pillars by using the sublevel drilling and subsequent filling mining method in advance, 3 drilling sublevels and 1 centralized ore drawing level are arranged, the stope is arranged vertically to the ore body, and no inter-pillar is left;

[0010] The cutting shaft rapid shaft forming is carried out, the large-diameter empty hole is constructed by using the raise boring machine, the annular piezoelectric sensor is embedded in the inner wall of the empty hole to recover the blasting energy, 24 medium-deep holes with a diameter of 80mm are arranged periphery, and the tail sand-based emulsion explosive and the degradable straw composite material are used for filling;

[0011] The cutting slot reverse slotting is carried out, each horizontal cutting lane is blasted in a sequence from bottom to top, the intelligent screening system is arranged in the centralized ore drawing level, the ore is classified and treated, and the hybrid power shovel-truck switches to the electric mode when the load is low.

[0012] The recovery and filling are carried out, the upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting is used, a 0.5-1m protective layer is arranged at the bottom of the hole, the filling material is mixed with the recovered rock powder and the crushed waste rock, the one-step mining sand ratio is 1:11, the two-step mining sand ratio is 1:15, and the curing time is shortened through the geothermal energy exchange system.

[0013] The ore body is divided into ore rooms and ore pillars, the width of the ore room and the ore pillar is 20m, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, the stage height is 100M, the sublevel height is 25m, the lowest sublevel is the centralized ore drawing level, and the middle sublevel is the drilling level.

[0014] The large-diameter empty hole is constructed by using the raise boring machine, the cy-R40C type raise boring machine is used to construct the large-diameter empty hole with a diameter of 670mm and a depth of 25m, and the rock powder is recovered through the negative pressure collection system.

[0015] The piezoelectric sensor is fixed by epoxy resin coupling, and the electric energy is stored in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack.

[0016] The ore is classified and treated, the particle size <300mm is represented as qualified ore, is transported to the ore pass by the electric shovel-truck, the particle size 300-800mm is represented as large block ore, is crushed by the underground movable crusher and is reused, and the particle size <50mm is represented as powder ore and is used as the fine component of the filling aggregate.

[0017] The intelligent screening system is a laser ranging, the large block ore is crushed by the underground movable crusher, and the electric shovel-truck is connected to the micro-grid containing photovoltaic panels.

[0018] Another aspect of the present application is:

[0019] A piezoelectric blasting energy recovery device for blasting energy recovery of the cut slot rapid formation segmented rock drilling stage subsequent filling mining method, characterized by comprising a plurality of groups of annular piezoelectric sensors, an epoxy coupling layer and a lithium iron phosphate battery, wherein;

[0020] The annular piezoelectric sensor is embedded in the inner wall of the hole for recovering blasting energy, is fixed through the epoxy coupling layer, and stores electrical energy in the lithium iron phosphate battery group.

[0021] Another aspect of the present application is:

[0022] An ore grading system for ore grading of the cut slot rapid formation segmented rock drilling stage subsequent filling mining method, characterized by comprising a double-layer vibrating screen, a laser recognition module and an underground mobile crusher, wherein the double-layer vibrating screen is of a 300mm screen hole and a 50mm screen hole.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0024] 1. The present application significantly improves the efficiency and safety of mine exploitation by deeply integrating the cut slot rapid formation process with energy resource recycling technology. On the one hand, the cut slot rapid formation process uses large-diameter holes and medium-depth hole collaborative blasting technology, combined with a bottom-up reverse slotting sequence, which significantly shortens the construction period of the cut slot, reduces the waiting time of each link, enables the stope to quickly have large-scale ore falling and ore removal conditions, and avoids high-intensity work of manual labor in high-risk environments through the application of mechanized and automated equipment, thereby fundamentally reducing safety risks such as falling from a high place and poisoning by gun smoke, and providing a solid guarantee for continuous and stable production of the mine.

[0025] 2. The present application constructs a resource and energy recycling system throughout the blasting, ore removal and filling processes, achieving efficient conversion of waste and step-by-step utilization of energy. The rock powder and waste rock generated during the cutting process are reused for filling operations, reducing the consumption of primary resources and the pressure of waste storage; the recycling of blasting energy and clean energy such as geothermal energy reduces the dependence on traditional fossil energy and reduces pollutant emissions. This green mining mode not only improves the resource utilization rate of the mine, but also forms significant comprehensive benefits through multi-link cost savings, in line with the development direction of modern mines being efficient, low-carbon and safe, and has wide promotional value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art clearer, the accompanying drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only need to be some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a cut slot quick forming sublevel open stoping method with subsequent filling according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art on the basis of the embodiments of the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present application, a cut slot quick forming sublevel open stoping method with subsequent filling is provided.

[0030] As shown in Figure 1 , the cut slot quick forming sublevel open stoping method with subsequent filling according to an embodiment of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0031] Step S1, pre-calibration stope layout and parameters, including: using the sublevel open stoping method with subsequent filling, the ore body is divided into ore rooms and ore pillars, the width is 20 m, the stage height is 100 m, the sublevel height is 25 m, and the stope length is the horizontal thickness of the ore body. At the same time, three sublevel drilling sections are set, for example, -325 m, -350 m, -375 m levels, and one centralized ore extraction level, for example, 400 m level, the stope is arranged along the vertical ore body, and no inter-column is left.

[0032] Step S2, cut shaft quick well forming, including: using cy-R40C type raise drill to construct large-diameter empty hole with a diameter of 670 mm and a depth of 25 m, synchronously recovering rock powder through a negative pressure collection system, embedding a ring-shaped piezoelectric sensor in the inner wall of the empty hole to recover blasting energy, and arranging 24 medium-deep holes with a diameter of 80 mm around the empty hole, and using tailings-based emulsion explosive and degradable straw composite material for filling;

[0033] Specifically, the cy-R40C type raise drill is used to construct the large-diameter empty hole, and the rock powder generated during the drilling process is recovered through the negative pressure collection system, and the rock powder collection rate is ≥85%, for example, 8.5 t can be recovered according to the total rock quantity of 10 t per hole, which is used as an admixture of filling aggregate to replace 20% of the tailings.

[0034] Meanwhile, the inner wall of the hole is embedded with 3 groups of annular piezoelectric sensors, which are PZT-5H, 50mm in diameter and 5mm in thickness, and are coupled and fixed by epoxy resin, so that the vibration mechanical energy is converted into electric energy during blasting, the energy conversion rate is 3%-5%, the single hole blasting releases energy of about 100kWh, and 3-5kWh can be recycled and stored in the lithium iron phosphate battery group in the well.

[0035] In addition, the surrounding medium-deep hole is constructed by a 1354 type hydraulic drill rig, the hole network is arranged as 5 rows of 24 holes, the hole spacing is 0.7m, the row spacing is 0.8m, a 1-2m reserved section is arranged at the bottom of the hole, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the reserved section.

[0036] According to the technical scheme, the total time for a single cutting shaft from preparation to slag discharge is 8 days, which is 7 days shorter than that of the traditional process; the filling cost can be reduced by 5 yuan / t by recycling rock powder and electric energy, and the cost of purchased explosive can be reduced by 8%.

[0037] The step S3 of performing reverse slot cutting includes: blasting each horizontal cutting lane in a top-down order, arranging an intelligent screening system at the centralized ore discharge level, classifying the ore into qualified ore, large block ore and powder ore, and switching the hybrid shovel to electric mode when the load is low.

[0038] Specifically, the "reverse" blasting sequence from bottom to top is adopted, the -375m horizontal cutting lane is blasted first, and then the -350m and -325m horizontal cutting lanes are blasted in sequence, and the blasting interval of each horizontal cutting lane is 24 hours, so as to ensure the stable falling of the ore, and finally the 400m ore discharge horizontal cutting slot is blasted.

[0039] The intelligent screening system includes a vibrating screen arranged at the centralized ore discharge level, a 300mm / 50mm double-layer screen, and a laser ranging device for ore classification.

[0040] The qualified ore, which is less than 300mm in size, is directly transported to the ore chute by the electric shovel, and the ore discharge efficiency is improved by 15%.

[0041] The large block ore, which is 300-800mm in size, is crushed by a mobile crusher in the well and then reused, and the unit ore energy consumption is reduced by 0.3kW·h / t.

[0042] The powder ore, which is less than 50mm in size, is used as a fine component of the filling aggregate, and replaces 20% of the cement.

[0043] In addition, the diesel shovel adopts a hybrid power system, switches to electric mode during low-load operation, reduces energy consumption by 40%, and reduces diesel consumption by about 2000L per stope. The electric shovel at the centralized ore extraction level is connected to the underground micro-grid, uses photovoltaic panels and blast-recovered power to supply power jointly, and the proportion of renewable energy reaches 30%. At the same time, after blasting, an intelligent ventilation and gas purification system is used, and the concentration of gun smoke is reduced to 0.5mg / m 3 The following time is ≤15 minutes.

[0044] Step S4, stoping and filling, including: using upward fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting, 0.5-1m protective layer at the bottom of the hole, filling material mixed with 20% recycled rock powder and 50% crushed waste rock, one-step mining sand ratio 1:11, two-step mining sand ratio 1:15, shorten the curing time by 30% through the geothermal energy exchange system.

[0045] Specifically, each section uses upward fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting, 0.5-1m protective layer from the rock layer, 1.5-2.0m shock-absorbing layer from the filling body, automatic charging trolley with waste recovery device, reducing explosive waste by 10%. The blast furnace slag water is treated by a sedimentation-filtration-circulation system, with a recycling rate of 80%, used for underground dust suppression and filling slurry preparation.

[0046] At the same time, the "tailings, waste rock and recycled fine ore" composite filling material is used, with a one-step mining sand ratio of 1:11, 20% of the tailings replaced by rock powder, and a two-step mining sand ratio of 1:15, with 50% crushed waste rock mixed in, and the slurry concentration is 71%-73%. Every 5m 3 The filling body is arranged with one heat pipe, and the heat exchange efficiency is ≥60%, which can increase the slurry temperature by 5-8℃ in winter, and shorten the curing time by 30%.

[0047] By means of the above technical scheme, in the implementation process, taking Li Lou Iron Mine-400m middle section stope, ore body thickness 50m, inclination 60° as an example, the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0048] The cutting shaft construction is carried out in advance, including: -375m cutting lane chamber (7.3m×5.0m×4.0m) installs cy-R40C drilling machine, constructs 670mm empty hole, synchronously starts negative pressure system to recover rock powder, stores in 10m 3 The silo. At the same time, the inner wall of the empty hole is installed with piezoelectric sensor, the embedded depth is 50mm, it is connected to 10kWh lithium battery pack, which is arranged in the chamber side lane.

[0049] Blasting and energy recovery, including: medium-length hole filled with tailings-based emulsion explosive, single-hole charge 30kg, hole mouth filled with straw composite material, length 0.6m, using micro-difference initiation, with 3 sections of cutting hole section and 15 sections of peripheral hole.

[0050] Specifically, the post-blasting sensor recovers 4.2 kWh of electric energy, which is used for power supply of the intelligent screening system.

[0051] Reverse slotting and staged ore drawing are performed, and the details are as follows:

[0052] On the first day of blasting, the intelligent screening system is used for staged ore drawing at the 375m level, and 60% of qualified ore, 25% of large ore and 15% of fine ore are obtained.

[0053] On the third day of blasting, the hybrid electric shovel is operated in the electric mode at the 350m level, and the energy consumption is 0.45 L / t.

[0054] Filling maintenance is performed, including: filling slurry is mixed with 8.5t of rock powder and 20t of crushed waste rock, and the geothermal energy system preheats the slurry to 16℃ (the ambient temperature is 8℃). After 7 days, the filling body strength reaches 3.2MPa (the design requirement is ≥3MPa).

[0055] According to the embodiment of the present application, a piezoelectric blasting energy recovery device is provided for the blasting energy recovery of the cut slot rapid formation segmented rock drilling stage backfill mining method described above, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of groups of annular piezoelectric sensors, an epoxy resin coupling layer and a lithium iron phosphate battery.

[0056] The annular piezoelectric sensor is embedded in the inner wall of the hole for recovering blasting energy, and is fixed through the epoxy resin coupling layer, and the electric energy is stored in the lithium iron phosphate battery group.

[0057] According to the embodiment of the present application, a mineral grading system is provided for the mineral grading of the cut slot rapid formation segmented rock drilling stage backfill mining method described above, characterized in that it comprises a double-layer vibrating screen, a laser recognition module and an underground mobile crusher, wherein the double-layer vibrating screen has a 300mm screen hole and a 50mm screen hole.

[0058] In summary, by means of the above technical solutions of the present application, the following effects can be achieved:

[0059] 1. The present application significantly improves the efficiency and safety of mine exploitation by deeply integrating the innovative cut slot rapid formation process and energy resource recycling technology. On the one hand, the cut slot rapid formation process uses large-diameter holes and medium-depth hole collaborative blasting technology, combined with a bottom-up reverse slotting sequence, which significantly shortens the construction period of the cut slot, reduces the waiting time of each link, enables the stope to quickly have large-scale ore drawing and ore drawing conditions, and avoids high-intensity work of manual labor in high-risk environments through the application of mechanization and automation equipment, thereby fundamentally reducing safety risks such as falling from a high place and poisoning from gun smoke, and providing a solid guarantee for continuous and stable production of the mine.

[0060] 2、The application constructs a resource and energy circulation system throughout the whole process of blasting, ore mining and filling, realizes efficient conversion of waste and cascade utilization of energy. The rock powder and waste rock produced in the cutting process are reused for filling operation, reducing the consumption of primary resources and waste storage pressure; the recycling of blasting energy and clean energy such as geothermal energy reduces the dependence on traditional fossil energy and reduces pollutant emissions. This green mining mode not only improves the resource utilization rate of the mine, but also forms significant comprehensive benefits through multi-link cost saving, conforms to the development direction of modern mine high efficiency, low carbon and safety, and has wide popularization value.

[0061] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art will easily think of other embodiments of the present disclosure after considering the disclosure in the specification and examples. The present application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not disclosed by the present disclosure. The specification and examples are only considered as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure are indicated by the claims.

[0062] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sublevel drill and blast mining method with rapid cut slot formation, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The ore body is divided into ore rooms and ore pillars by using a sublevel drilling and subsequent filling mining method, three sublevel drilling sections and one centralized ore drawing level are set, the stope is arranged vertically to the ore body, and no inter-pillar is left; Cutting shaft rapid well forming is performed, a large-diameter hole is constructed by using a raise boring machine, a ring-shaped piezoelectric sensor is embedded in the inner wall of the hole to recover blasting energy, 24 medium-deep holes with a diameter of 80 mm are arranged around, tailings-based emulsion explosive and degradable straw composite material are used for filling; Cutting groove reverse draw is performed, each level cutting lane is blasted in a top-down sequence, an intelligent screening system is set at the centralized ore drawing level, the ore is classified and processed, and the hybrid power shovel-truck switches to electric mode when the load is low; Mining and filling are performed, upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting is used, a 0.5-1 m protective layer is arranged at the bottom of the hole, the filling material is mixed with recovered rock powder and crushed waste rock, the one-step mining sand ratio is 1:11, the two-step mining sand ratio is 1:15, and the curing time is shortened through a geothermal energy exchange system.

2. The cut and fill mining method with rapid formation of cut slots and segmented drilling phases, according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ore body is divided into ore rooms and ore pillars, the width of the ore room and the ore pillar is 20 m, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, the stage height is 100 m, the sublevel height is 25 m, and the lowermost sublevel is the centralized ore drawing level, and the middle sublevel is the drilling level.

3. The rapid cut-and-fill mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The large-diameter hole is constructed by using a raise boring machine, a cy-R40C type raise boring machine is used to construct a large-diameter hole with a diameter of 670 mm and a depth of 25 m, and rock powder is recovered through a negative pressure collection system.

4. The rapid cut-and-fill mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric sensor is fixed by epoxy coupling, and the electrical energy is stored in a lithium iron phosphate battery pack.

5. The rapid cut-and-fill mining method of claim 1, wherein, The ore is classified and processed, particle size <300 mm represents qualified ore, which is transported to the ore pass by the electric shovel-truck; particle size 300-800 mm represents large block ore, which is crushed by the underground mobile crusher and reused; particle size <50 mm represents powder ore, which is used as a fine component of the filling aggregate.

6. The rapid cut-and-fill mining method of claim 1, wherein, The intelligent screening system is a laser ranging system, the large block ore is crushed by the underground mobile crusher, and the electric shovel-truck is connected to a micro-grid containing photovoltaic panels.

7. A piezoelectric blasting energy recovery device for blasting energy recovery in the sublevel open stoping method with rapid formation of cutting slots in the segmented rock drilling phase of the method according to any one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that, The system comprises a plurality of ring-shaped piezoelectric sensors, an epoxy coupling layer, and a lithium iron phosphate battery. The ring-shaped piezoelectric sensor is embedded in the inner wall of the hole to recover blasting energy, and is fixed by the epoxy coupling layer and stores electrical energy in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack.

8. An ore preparation system for the rapid cut-and-fill stage of the sublevel caving method of mining with subsequent filling of the mined-out areas, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The system comprises: A double-layer vibrating screen, a laser recognition module, and an underground mobile crusher, wherein the double-layer vibrating screen has a 300 mm screen hole and a 50 mm screen hole.

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