Small-section rock tunnel construction integrated equipment and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to small-section rock tunnel construction integrated equipment and a construction method. The small-section rock tunnel construction integrated equipment comprises a heading machine, a spraying mechanism, a supporting mechanism and a transport vehicle, wherein the spraying mechanism and the supporting mechanism are carried on a heading machine vehicle body, and the transport vehicle corresponds to a slag outlet of a cantilever type heading device. The concrete wet spraying device and the anchor rod drilling device are carried on the upper portion of the cantilever type heading machine body, and uninterrupted continuous operation of tunneling, deslagging and supporting can be achieved by reasonably arranging the positions and the operation sequence of the concrete wet spraying system, the anchor rod drilling device, the deslagging vehicle and the concrete mixer truck. And meanwhile, participation of constructors is effectively reduced, manpower is saved, and the efficiency and safety of tunnel construction are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, specifically to an integrated equipment and construction method for small-section rock tunnel construction. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel construction, as a crucial component of national infrastructure development, directly impacts project efficiency, safety, and cost due to its advanced construction techniques. Currently, mainstream tunnel excavation methods include drill-and-blast excavation, TBM excavation, and tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation. Regardless of the method used, tunnel excavation involves processes such as excavation, muck removal, and support. These processes require various equipment and tools, and significant manual labor. Compared to other engineering fields, the development of mechanization and intelligent technologies in tunnel construction, particularly in the support phase, has been relatively slow, with low levels of automation in related equipment. Therefore, technological innovation is urgently needed to improve the overall equipment level.

[0003] Especially in the initial anchor bolt support, although the construction technology has evolved from relying entirely on manual labor to semi-mechanized operations, and then to using specialized anchor bolt trolleys, many stages in the entire construction cycle still require manual labor, even with the introduction of some mechanized equipment. This not only leads to slow construction speed, high labor demand, and high time costs, but also limits operational efficiency to personnel skills and physical strength. Furthermore, in the current construction process, tunneling, muck removal, and support are handled by different equipment, usually requiring sequential operations. Depending on the construction stage, relevant equipment needs to move in and out to the corresponding work positions, but the limited space in the tunnel construction site leads to significant waiting and changeover time due to equipment movement. Moreover, existing cantilever tunneling machines primarily focus on tunneling and generally lack the ability to integrate support equipment. They cannot simultaneously and efficiently complete tunneling, muck removal, and support tasks, especially making it difficult to seamlessly integrate anchor bolt support and shotcrete support with the tunneling and muck removal processes. Specialized support equipment, such as bolting trolleys and wet spraying trolleys, improves the efficiency of a single process, but increases the complexity of equipment investment and site relocation coordination, and occupies limited space in the tunnel.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to study an integrated equipment and construction method for small-section rock tunnel construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, and based on the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated equipment and construction method for small-section rock tunnel construction, which not only ensures the construction quality of anchor bolts, but also realizes uninterrupted continuous operation of tunnel excavation, muck removal, and support, ensuring construction safety, greatly improving the construction efficiency of small-section rock tunnel sections, and reducing the labor intensity of workers.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: an integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction, comprising a tunnel boring machine (TBM), a spraying mechanism mounted on the TBM body, and a support mechanism; the TBM is used for excavation of the tunnel face, the spraying mechanism is used for wet spraying concrete onto the tunnel rock face, and the support mechanism includes a base, an adjusting component, a propulsion beam, a sliding seat, a drilling component, and a pushing component. The base is fixed to the TBM body, and the adjusting component is provided on the base. The propulsion beam is located above the adjusting component and can adjust the swing direction of the propulsion beam under the action of the adjusting component; the sliding seat is slidably mounted on the propulsion beam and can move back and forth along the propulsion beam; the drilling component... The components include a drilling rig, a drill rod, and a drill rod bearing. The drilling rig is fixed on a sliding seat, and the drill rod bearing is fixed to the front end of the push beam. The drill rod is rotatably fitted inside the drill rod bearing, and one end of it is fixed to the output shaft of the drilling rig. The pushing assembly includes a vertical rod, a sliding seat, a hollow anchor rod, and a guide sleeve. The vertical rod is fixed above the sliding seat by a support frame. The sliding seat is obliquely fitted onto the vertical rod with a clearance. An installation hole is opened in the middle of the sliding seat. The guide sleeve is set above the drill rod bearing, and the guide sleeve is coaxial with the installation hole. The anchor rod is obliquely fitted into the sliding seat and the guide sleeve, and the angle between the anchor rod and the drill rod is adapted to the angle between adjacent boreholes. When the moving seat moves linearly along the push beam, it can synchronously drive the drill rod and the anchor rod to move forward.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes a first lifting cylinder, an extension arm, a first adjusting cylinder, a second adjusting cylinder, and a compensation cylinder. The first lifting cylinder is provided inside the base. The bottom of the extension arm is inclinedly hinged to the top of the first lifting cylinder. A support seat is hinged to the top of the extension arm. The propulsion beam is slidably mounted on the support seat. The first adjusting cylinder and the second adjusting cylinder are respectively hinged to both sides of the extension arm for adjusting the swing angle of the extension arm. The compensation cylinder is installed at the bottom of the propulsion beam for adjusting the extension length of the propulsion beam.

[0008] Furthermore, the upright is fixed above the sliding seat, the vertical rods are fixed to the upright along the vertical direction at intervals, the sliding seat is inclined and slidably fitted onto the two vertical rods, and there is a clearance fit between the sliding seat and the vertical rods. A spring is fixedly connected between the bottom of the sliding seat and the upright.

[0009] Furthermore, the slide block has a mounting hole in the middle, and fixed shafts are fitted on both sides of the mounting hole. A retaining plate is rotatably fitted on one side of the fixed shaft. The retaining plate has slots that are adapted to the inner diameters of the mounting hole and the fixed shaft respectively. When the anchor rod is fitted into the mounting hole, the retaining plate is rotated so that the slots on the retaining plate are respectively fitted onto the anchor rod and the adjacent fixed shaft, which is used to clamp the anchor rod into the mounting hole.

[0010] Furthermore, a top plate is fixed to the top of the drill pipe shaft seat, and a second lifting cylinder is fixed at a vertical interval along the top plate. A guide seat is fixed to the top of the output shaft of the second lifting cylinder, and a U-shaped groove is opened in the middle of the guide seat. The guide sleeve is rotatably installed in the U-shaped groove.

[0011] Furthermore, a protective assembly is provided on the front side of the rotating rod bearing. The protective assembly includes a swing cylinder and a docking sleeve. The swing cylinder is located on the upper and lower sides of the drill rod. One end of the swing cylinder is hinged to the drill rod bearing, and its output end is hinged to an arc-shaped docking sleeve. Protective covers are provided on the adjacent sides of the two docking sleeves. When the upper and lower docking sleeves are docked together, the two protective covers combine to form a waste slag collection chamber, and an avoidance hole for the drill rod to pass through is formed in the middle of the collection chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the vehicle body is also equipped with a feeding mechanism, which includes a discharge pipe, a collection hopper, a storage tank, a first high-pressure pump, and a second high-pressure pump. The bottom of the wet spray pipe of the spraying mechanism is connected to the storage tank through the first high-pressure pump. The inlet of the storage tank is connected to the collection hopper through the second high-pressure pump. The discharge port of the concrete mixer truck is connected to the inlet of the collection hopper through the discharge pipe.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for constructing small-section rock tunnels, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Tunneling Excavation is carried out facing the tunnel face, and the stripped rock waste is transported to the muck outlet; after the excavation is completed at the set distance and the muck is discharged, the tunnel rock wall sidewalls form a support zone; Step 2: Initial spraying of concrete Based on the support zone, wet sprayed concrete is applied to the tunnel rock wall sidewalls from bottom to top in sections; after the initial spraying is completed, the location of the anchor bolt holes is determined and marked by measurement and layout. Step 3: Support Based on the marked anchor bolt positions, drilling and anchor bolt installation are carried out in sections of the tunnel cross section. The construction process includes: first, drilling the central hole of the tunnel arch; then, clamping the hollow anchor bolt to the side of the drill rod and adjusting the angle between the drill rod and the anchor bolt; then, while driving the drill rod to drill a new hole, the anchor bolt is pushed into the adjacent completed anchor hole under the action of the thrust, and the anchor head of the anchor bolt bites into the rock wall. Step 4: Grouting After the anchor bolts are installed, the drill rod is reset, the grouting pipe is connected to the end of the anchor bolt, and grout is injected into the hole until it overflows at the anchor bolt pad. Then the anchor hole is sealed. Repeat steps 3 and 4 above. After all the anchor bolts in this section are grouted and fixed, the support area is sprayed with concrete again. Repeat steps 1-4 above to carry out uninterrupted continuous construction until the tunnel is completed.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 3, the drilling operation proceeds from top to bottom. First, the 120-degree anchor bolt holes in the rock wall arch are constructed, followed by the left and right side walls. The drilling direction is perpendicular to the direction of the tunnel rock surface.

[0015] Furthermore, after the anchor rod is inserted into the borehole, the anchor rod is pulled outward and rotated counterclockwise. The anchor head at the end of the anchor rod expands outward and bites into the rock wall, thereby fixing the anchor rod in the borehole. A grout stop plug is fixedly installed at the borehole opening. The nut on the anchor rod is tightened to make the gasket press against the rock wall.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: the integrated equipment and construction method for small cross-section rock tunnel construction provided by the present invention have a compact structure, high forming accuracy, low personnel requirements, convenient site relocation, high construction efficiency, and are safe and environmentally friendly. It achieves the goals of high efficiency, safety, low consumption, and precision in small cross-section rock tunnel construction, and breaks through the problems of segmented operation, manual dominance, and low efficiency in traditional tunnel construction.

[0017] This invention mounts the spraying mechanism and support mechanism on the body of the tunneling machine. By rationally arranging the positions and operation sequence of the wet concrete spraying system, anchor drilling device, muck truck and concrete mixer truck, uninterrupted continuous operation of tunnel excavation, muck removal and support can be achieved. At the same time, it effectively reduces the involvement of construction personnel, saves manpower and improves the efficiency and safety of tunnel construction.

[0018] The support mechanism in this invention enables parallel drilling and anchor bolt insertion, significantly shortening the single-cycle operation time and greatly improving construction progress. Furthermore, by adjusting the guide components, the height and precision of the anchor bolt insertion angle are ensured. The relative fixation between the guide sleeve and the drill rod shaft seat, as well as the linear guidance during the pushing process, fundamentally solves the common problems of angle deviation and centering difficulties encountered in manual anchor bolt insertion. This guarantees a good fit between the anchor bolt and the borehole wall, providing a solid foundation for grouting quality and final anchoring force. In addition, the three-dimensional fine-tuning of various adjustment mechanisms and guide components ensures that the anchor bolt insertion angle matches the completed borehole shaft, effectively avoiding jamming problems during anchor bolt insertion, ensuring the reliability of the anchoring system, and ensuring efficient, precise, and safe support operations in confined working spaces. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the shovel mechanism; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of various mechanisms on the tunneling locomotive body; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the injection mechanism; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the feeding mechanism; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the external structure of the support mechanism; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation structure of the push component; Figure 9 This is a side view of the drilling assembly. Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the anchor bolt installation structure inside the tunnel; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structural designation for the support construction.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1-Tunneling machine, 11-Cutting mechanism, 111-Cutting head, 112-Cantilever section, 113-Cutting motor, 114-Beam support, 115-Lifting drive, 116-Telescopic drive, 117-Beam support drive, 118-Slewing frame, 12-Shovel mechanism, 121-Rotating rake, 122-Bucket, 123-Transmitter, 124-Shovel drive, 13-Operating platform, 131-First operating platform, 132-Second operating platform, 14-Vehicle body, 15-Crawler wheel 16-Slag discharge port, 2-Spraying mechanism, 21-Concrete mixer truck, 22-Unloading pipe, 23-Collection hopper, 24-First high-pressure pump, 25-Discharge pipe, 26-Storage tank, 27-Inlet, 28-Transport pipe, 29-Second high-pressure pump, 211-Fixed base plate, 212-Rotating seat, 213-Support base, 214-Main robotic arm, 215-Secondary robotic arm, 216-Wet spraying pipe, 217-Nozzle, 218-Auxiliary arm, 219-Fasting bolt, 3-Support mechanism, 31-Base 32-First lifting cylinder, 33-Extending arm, 34-First adjusting cylinder, 35-Second adjusting cylinder, 36-Compensation cylinder, 37-Propeller beam, 371-Support seat, 372-Sprocket, 373-Drag chain, 38-Drilling assembly, 381-Sliding seat, 382-Drill rig, 383-Drill rod, 384-Drill rod shaft seat, 385-Protective assembly, 3851-Hinge seat, 3852-Swing cylinder, 3853-Dating sleeve, 3854-Collection chamber, 3855-Slag outlet, 39-Push Components: 391-Top plate, 392-Second lifting cylinder, 393-Guide component, 3931-Guide seat, 3932-Arc sleeve, 3933-Guide sleeve, 3934-Adjusting shaft, 3935-Locking nut, 394-Anchor bolt, 395-Upright frame, 396-Clamping component, 3961-Connecting seat, 3962-Vertical rod, 3963-Slide seat, 3964-Spring, 3965-Clamping plate, 3966-Fixing shaft, 3967-Mounting hole, 4-Slag removal vehicle, 5-Tunnel face. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Example 1: This example aims to provide an integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction, mainly used for integrated tunnel excavation, muck removal, and support construction. Current tunnel excavation construction generally requires excavation, muck removal, and support processes, each requiring a large number of operators. This makes it difficult to ensure the continuity of tunnel construction, increasing labor and time costs, and resulting in low overall efficiency, directly affecting the construction quality and schedule. Therefore, this example provides an integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction, mounting a concrete spraying device and an anchor drilling device on the upper part of a cantilever tunneling machine. By rationally arranging the positions and operating sequences of the concrete spraying system, anchor drilling device, muck removal truck, and concrete mixer truck, uninterrupted continuous operation of tunnel excavation, muck removal, and support can be achieved. Simultaneously, it effectively reduces the involvement of construction personnel, saves manpower, and improves the efficiency and safety of tunnel construction.

[0022] In the specific implementation structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, the integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction provided in this embodiment includes a tunneling machine 1, a spraying mechanism 2 and a support mechanism 3 mounted on the tunneling machine body, and a transport vehicle corresponding to the muck discharge port of the cantilever tunneling device. In this embodiment, the tunneling machine includes a cutting mechanism 11, a shovel mechanism 12, an operating platform 13, and a vehicle body 14, etc. The bottom of the vehicle body is equipped with track wheels 15, and the operating platform 13 is provided on the vehicle body 14. The operating platform 13 includes a first operating platform 131 and a second operating platform 132. The worker drives the tunneling machine to work through the first operating platform 131 for tunnel excavation and muck removal. The worker controls the spraying mechanism and the support mechanism through the second operating platform 132 for wet spraying of concrete on the tunnel section and placement of anchor bolts 394 of the drilling machine, effectively improving the automation and intelligence level of tunnel construction.

[0023] like Figure 2 and 3As shown, the cutting mechanism 11 is located at the front of the vehicle body 14. The cutting mechanism 11 includes a cutting head 111, a cantilever section 112, a cutting motor 113, a beam support 114, a lifting drive 115, a telescopic drive 116, a beam support drive 117, and a slewing frame 118. The slewing frame 118 is mounted at the front of the vehicle body 14 via the lifting drive 115. The beam support drive 117 is fixed above the slewing frame 118. The beam support 114 is mounted at the front of the beam support drive 117. The cantilever section 112 is connected to the front of the slewing frame 118 via the telescopic drive 116. The cutting head 111 is fixed at the front of the cantilever section 112. The cutting motor 113 drives the cutting head 111 to excavate and break the tunnel face. In addition to the operation, the shovel mechanism 12 is located below the cutting mechanism 11. The shovel mechanism 12 includes a rotating rake 121, a bucket 122, a conveying device, and a shovel driver 124. The bucket 122 is connected to the vehicle body 14 via the shovel driver 124. The rotating rake 121 is rotatably installed inside the bucket 122 to push the crushed slag backward into the bucket 122. One end of the conveyor 123 is connected to the bucket 122, and the other end is connected to the inside of the vehicle body 14. The vehicle body 14 is equipped with a conveyor belt for transporting slag. Therefore, under the action of the conveyor 123, the slag crushed at the tunnel face is transported backward to the slag outlet of the tunneling machine, and then the slag at the tunnel face is transported to the outside of the tunnel by a transport vehicle. It should be noted that the structure of the tunneling machine in this invention is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0024] In this embodiment, when the tunnel boring machine is working, the operator manipulates the first control panel 131 to make the cutting head 111 rotate at high speed under the drive of the cutting motor 113. The cutting head 111 is then pressed against the rock wall of the tunnel face 5 by the telescopic actuator 116. Under the axial thrust of the telescopic actuator 116, the cutting head 111 presses against the rock wall and rolls continuously, at which point the rock at the tunnel face is crushed. After one rock section is cut, the telescopic actuator 116 causes the cutting head 111 to leave the rock surface, and the rotary actuator rotates the rotary frame 118 of the cutting mechanism 11, causing the cutting head 111 to turn to another location. The cutting head 111 is positioned to press against the rock surface and cut the rock. After the cutting mechanism 11 crushes the rock, the shovel plate driver 124 drives the shovel plate mechanism 12 to shovel the rock debris into the bucket 122. At this time, the rotating rake 121 rotates continuously, collecting the rock debris in the conveyor 123. Then the conveyor 123 transports the rock debris to the muck outlet, where it is loaded and transported to the outside of the tunnel by the muck truck 4. After the rock cutting is completed within a certain distance, the operator manipulates the first operating platform 131 to make the cantilever tunneling machine advance forward under the action of the track wheels 15. The above operation is repeated until the tunnel excavation work is completed.

[0025] After the tunnel boring machine has advanced a set distance, the worker can operate the spraying mechanism 2 on the vehicle body 14 via the second control panel 132 to spray concrete onto the tunnel cross-section, such as... Figure 4-6As shown, in this embodiment, the spraying mechanism 2 is mounted on the top platform of the tunneling machine body 14, and a feeding mechanism is also provided on the top platform of the body 14 for feeding the spraying mechanism 2. Specifically, the spraying mechanism 2 includes a fixed base plate 211, a rotating seat 212, a support base 213, a main robotic arm 214, a secondary robotic arm 215, a wet spraying pipe 216, a nozzle 217, and an auxiliary arm 218, etc. The fixed base plate 211 is fixed to the top of the body 14 by fastening bolts 219, and the support base 213 is fixed to the top of the body 14 by the rotating seat 214. 2. The main mechanical arm 214 is rotatably mounted on the fixed base plate 211 and the main mechanical arm 214 is inclinedly hinged to the support base 213. The top of the main mechanical arm 214 is hinged to the auxiliary mechanical arm 215, and the main mechanical arm 214 and the auxiliary mechanical arm 215 are hinged to the auxiliary arm 218. The wet spray pipe 216 is fixedly and detachably tied to the auxiliary mechanical arm 215 and the main mechanical arm 214. The top of the wet spray pipe 216 is connected to the nozzle 217, and the bottom of the wet spray pipe 216 is connected to the storage box 26 of the feeding mechanism (the specific structure and working principle of the spraying mechanism 2 in this invention are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here).

[0026] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the feeding mechanism includes a discharge pipe 22, a collection hopper 23, a storage box 26, a first high-pressure pump 24, and a second high-pressure pump 29. The bottom of the wet spray pipe 216 of the spraying mechanism 2 is connected to the storage box 26 through the first high-pressure pump 24. The inlet 27 of the storage box 26 is connected to the collection hopper 23 through the second high-pressure pump 29. The discharge port of the concrete mixer truck 21 is connected to the inlet of the collection hopper 23 through the discharge pipe 22.

[0027] Therefore, before the wet spraying concrete process begins, the worker operates the second operating platform 132 to rotate the rotating seat 212 of the spraying mechanism 2 to the rock wall section to be wet sprayed. By adjusting the swing of the main mechanical arm 214 and the auxiliary mechanical arm 215, the nozzle 217 is aligned with the section to be constructed. Before the spraying operation begins, the wet concrete material in the concrete mixer truck 21 is first discharged into the collection hopper 23. The concrete in the collection hopper 23 is pumped by the second high-pressure pump 29 and transported to the storage tank 26 through the conveying pipe 28. The concrete material in the storage tank 26 is transported to the wet spraying pipe 216 of the spraying mechanism 2 by the first high-pressure pump 24, which provides the corresponding pressure for the spraying of concrete. The wet concrete material is sprayed towards the tunnel spraying surface through the nozzle 217 at the top of the spraying pipe. By adjusting the spraying angle and position, the concrete can be evenly sprayed onto the excavated rock wall. The above operation is repeated to complete the wet spraying concrete work.

[0028] After the spraying operation on the cross-section is completed and cured, the workers control the support mechanism 3 through the second operating platform 132 to drill anchor bolt holes 394 and install anchor bolts 394 according to the design requirements of the drawings, thus realizing the support construction of the tunnel. In the specific implementation structure, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the support mechanism 3 includes a base 31, a first lifting cylinder 32, an extension arm 33, a first adjusting cylinder 34, a second adjusting cylinder 35, a propulsion beam 37, a drilling assembly 38, and a pushing assembly 39. The base 31 is fixed to the tunneling machine body 14. The first lifting cylinder 32 is installed inside the base 31. The bottom of the extension arm 33 is inclinedly hinged to the top of the first lifting cylinder 32. A support seat 371 is hinged to the top of the extension arm 33. The first adjusting cylinder 34 and the second adjusting cylinder 35 are respectively hinged to the front and rear sides of the extension arm 33. The top of the support base 371 is slidably mounted with a propulsion beam 37 and a compensation cylinder 36 is provided at the bottom of the propulsion beam 37. One end of the compensation cylinder 36 is fixed on the support base 371 and the other end is hinged to the bottom of the propulsion beam 37. The compensation cylinder 36 is driven to extend and retract, thereby adjusting the extension length of the propulsion beam 37. The propulsion beam 37 is provided with a drilling assembly 38 and a pushing assembly 39 (the above structural design and principle of the propulsion beam and the extension arm are existing technologies, and the drive adjustment structure for the extension arm and the pushing beam is also existing technology, which will not be described in detail here).

[0029] Before drilling anchor bolt 394, the support mechanism 3 is folded and installed on the vehicle body 14. The tunnel boring machine vehicle body 14 is moved along the tunnel axis to the vicinity of the rock face to be supported by anchor bolt 394. According to the tunnel centerline reference clearly marked on the design drawings, the workers adjust the position of the vehicle body 14 to ensure that it is strictly aligned, so that the symmetry plane of the support mechanism 3 coincides with the tunnel design axis. Figure 10 and 11As shown, after the vehicle body 14 moves to the central reference position, the first lifting cylinder 32 is driven by the command of the operating panel 13 to raise or lower the extension arm 33, its top support seat 371, and the propulsion beam 37 as a whole. This initially adjusts the working height of the drilling assembly 38 to the target area. Then, the first adjusting cylinder 34 and the second adjusting cylinder 35 are controlled in coordination to change the pitch angle and yaw angle of the extension arm 33 relative to the base 31. This, in turn, drives the spatial orientation of the entire propulsion beam 37 and the drilling and pushing assembly 39, ensuring that the axis of the propulsion beam 37 is ultimately aligned with the preset direction of the designed anchor bolt 394 hole, thus meeting the drilling accuracy requirements. Then, following the drilling sequence from top to bottom and from center to edge, the key anchor bolt 394 hole on the center line of the tunnel arch is first located and drilled. Then, starting from the center hole of the arch, the operating mechanism moves sequentially from the middle to one side of the rock wall along the tunnel circumference to complete the drilling of the design point on that side. After completion, the mechanism is reset to the center of the arch and then drills symmetrically to the other side of the rock wall. Based on the coarse positioning of the propulsion beam 37, the extension length of the propulsion beam 37 can be adjusted by the compensation cylinder 36. At the same time, combined with the fine adjustment of the posture of the extension arm 33 by the aforementioned cylinder, the center of the drill bit of the drilling assembly 38 is finally precisely aligned with the design point coordinates of the anchor bolt 394 hole marked on the drawing, so as to carry out the corresponding drilling and anchor bolt 394 insertion operations.

[0030] Furthermore, such as Figure 7-9 As shown, in this embodiment, the drilling assembly 38 includes a sliding seat 381, a drilling rig 382, ​​a drill rod 383, and a drill rod shaft seat 384, etc. The bottom of the propulsion beam 37 is slidably mounted on a support seat 371 at the top of the extension arm 33. Sprockets 372 are spaced apart inside the propulsion beam 37, and chains are driven onto the sprockets 372. One end of the sprocket 372 is connected to a motor. The sliding seat 381 is slidably mounted on the propulsion beam 37, with its bottom extending into the propulsion beam 37 and fixedly connected to a chain on one side via a connecting seat 3961. (Not shown in the figure) Thus, when the drive sprocket 372 rotates, the chain can drive the sliding seat 381 to move back and forth along the path extension direction of the propulsion beam 37. A drill rod bearing 384 is fixedly installed at the front end of the propulsion beam 37. The drilling rig 382 is fixed on the sliding seat 381. After the drill rod 383 is installed on the drilling rig 382, ​​its output end is rotatably fitted onto the drill rod bearing 384. In this way, when the drive sliding seat 381 moves back and forth along the propulsion beam 37, the drilling rig 382 starts, enabling the drill rod 383 to perform drilling operations at the marked positions on the rock wall.

[0031] like Figure 8As shown, the pushing component 39 is positioned above the drilling component 38. When the driving sliding seat 381 moves the drilling rig 382 forward, based on the pre-adjusted angle and position of the anchor rod 394, the sliding seat 381 synchronously moves the anchor rod 394. This allows the anchor rod 394 to be pushed into the adjacent completed anchor hole under the action of the thrust force while the drilling rod 383 is drilling a new hole. Then, when the next drilling operation is performed, grout can be injected into the anchor hole where the anchor rod 394 has been installed and sealed while adjusting the angle between the drilling rod 383 and the anchor rod 394. After the grout has initially set, the pad and nut are installed and prestress is applied. By repeating the above steps, continuous drilling and anchor rod 394 installation can be carried out.

[0032] In the specific implementation structure, the pushing component 39 of this embodiment includes a top plate 391, a second lifting cylinder 392, a guide component 393, an anchor rod 394, a support frame 395, and a clamping component 396, etc., wherein the support frame 395 is fixed above the sliding seat 381, and the clamping component 396 is disposed on the support frame 395 for locking the anchor rod 394 after it is fitted into the mounting hole 3967 of the sliding seat 3963. In this embodiment, the clamping component 396 includes a connecting seat 3961, a vertical rod 3962, a sliding seat 3963, a spring 3964, a clamping plate 3965, and a fixing shaft 3966, etc., wherein the connecting seat 3961 is fixed on the support frame 395, the vertical rods 3962 are fixedly fixed to the connecting seat 3961 at intervals along the vertical direction, and the sliding seat 3963 is obliquely slidably fitted onto the two vertical rods 3962, and the sliding seat 3963 and the vertical rods are... The parts 3962 are clearance fit. A spring 3964 is fixedly connected between the bottom of the slide block 3963 and the connecting seat 3961. The middle of the slide block 3963 has a mounting hole 3967 for the anchor rod 394 to pass through. The fixed shaft 3966 is fixed on the slide blocks 3963 on the left and right sides of the mounting hole 3967 respectively. The clamping plate 3965 is rotatably fitted on the fixed shaft 3966 on one side. The clamping plate 3965 has a groove that matches the inner diameter of the mounting hole 3967 and the fixed shaft 3966 respectively. When the anchor rod 394 is fitted into the mounting hole 3967, the clamping plate 3965 is rotated so that the groove on the clamping plate 3965 is respectively fitted onto the anchor rod 394 and the other fixed shaft 3966, thereby fixing the anchor rod 394 in the slide block 3963. Then, the slide block 381 drives it to move forward to send it into the anchor hole.

[0033] like Figure 8As shown, the guide assembly 393 is located above the drill pipe shaft seat 384. The guide assembly 393 includes a guide seat 3931, an arc-shaped sleeve 3932, an adjusting shaft 3934, etc. The top plate 391 is fixed to the top of the drill pipe shaft seat 384. The second lifting cylinder 392 is fixed vertically at intervals on the top plate 391. The guide seat 3931 is fixed to the top of the output end of the second lifting cylinder 392. A U-shaped groove is opened in the middle of the guide seat 3931. The adjusting shaft 3934 is rotatably installed on both sides of the U-shaped groove. The adjacent ends of the two adjusting shafts 3934 are fixed with arc-shaped sleeves 3932. The guide sleeve 3933 is fixed inside the two arc-shaped sleeves 3932, and the guide sleeve 3933 is connected to the slide 396. The mounting hole 3967 on the 3 corresponds to the rotation angle of the guide sleeve 3933 by rotating the adjusting shaft 3934 on both sides. After the adjustment is completed, the locking nut 3935 is tightened and locked. The anchor rod 394 is fitted into the mounting hole 3967 of the guide sleeve 3933 and the slide 3963. By adjusting the second lifting cylinder 392 and the guide sleeve 3933, the angle between the anchor rod 394 and the drill rod 383 can be matched with the angle between adjacent drill holes. When the drive slide 381 moves linearly along the push beam 37, it can drive the drill rod 383 and the anchor rod 394 to move forward synchronously, and perform drilling and anchor rod 394 insertion operations respectively.

[0034] In this embodiment, the drilling assembly 38 and the pushing assembly 39 are configured such that the tunneling machine body 14, carrying the support mechanism 3, moves to the rock wall to be supported. After precise positioning according to the tunnel centerline, the anchor rod 394 is pre-installed in the mounting holes 3967 of the guide sleeve 3933 and the sliding seat 3963, and locked in place by the clamping plate 3965. The pitch angle of the guide sleeve 3933 is adjusted to ensure that the axis of the guide sleeve 3933 is strictly matched with the axis of the drilled hole into which the anchor rod 394 will be inserted. Then, the sliding seat 381 is driven to move forward in the direction of the rock wall. At the same time, when the sliding seat 381 moves forward, the rotating drill rod 383 drills in under the action of axial feed force. The rock face is drilled to form anchor bolt 394 holes with the designed depth and angle. Simultaneously, the support frame 395 and clamping assembly 396, fixed on the sliding seat 381, synchronously drive the anchor bolt 394, which is locked in the sliding seat 3963, forward. Guided by the guide sleeve 3933, the anchor bolt 394 is pushed and inserted into the adjacent anchor bolt 394 hole that has been completed and cleaned, thus realizing that while the drilling rig 382 is drilling a new hole, the adjacent previous hole is being inserted with the anchor bolt 394. Furthermore, during the adjustment of the position of the next drilling point, the worker can grout the hole where the anchor bolt 394 has just been inserted, seal the hole with a shim, and install the nut. This cycle repeats, with the sliding seat 381 advancing forward to complete the drilling of a new hole and the insertion of the anchor bolt 394 in the previous hole, thus realizing a continuous assembly line operation in which drilling and anchor bolt insertion are spatially staggered and in time parallel.

[0035] Furthermore, during the drilling process of the tunnel anchor bolt 394, while the drill bit penetrates the rock mass and forms the anchor bolt 394 hole, due to the rotation of the drill rod 383 and factors such as pressure inside the rock strata or construction water injection, mud, rock cuttings, gravel, and even high-pressure water-air mixtures are often violently sprayed outward from the borehole. Therefore, in this embodiment, a protective component 385 is also provided on the front side of the drill rod bearing 384. The protective component 385 includes a swing cylinder 3852 and a connecting sleeve 3853, etc. The swing cylinder 3852 is located on the drill rod 384. On both the upper and lower sides of drill rod 3852, one end of the swing cylinder 3852 is hinged to the drill rod shaft seat 384, and its output end is hinged to an arc-shaped connecting sleeve 3853. A drainage groove is opened on the side of the arc-shaped connecting sleeve 3853 near the rock wall. Protective covers are provided on adjacent sides of the two connecting sleeves 3853. When the upper and lower connecting sleeves 3853 are joined together, the two protective covers combine to form a waste collection chamber 3854. An obstacle hole for the drill rod 383 to pass through is formed in the middle of the collection chamber 3854. The slag outlet on the collection chamber 3854 can be sealed to a discharge pipe. In this way, during drilling, the outer side of the connecting sleeve 3853 can abut against the rock wall, and most of the mortar and other waste materials sprayed from the hole can be directly collected into the combined collection chamber 3854 and then discharged outwards from the slag outlet. This improves the safety level of on-site operations without affecting drilling, maintains the relative cleanliness of the work area, and reduces the threat of waste splashing to workers.

[0036] The integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction provided by this invention integrates a wet spraying system and an anchor bolt support mechanism into the tunnel boring machine body. This allows the shovel mechanism to collect rock debris in real time during rock breaking at the cutting head and transport it to the muck truck via a conveyor belt. Once the set advance is completed, the machine body does not need to be withdrawn; the top wet spraying mechanism can be directly activated for initial concrete spraying. After the concrete has cured, the folded support mechanism can be unfolded for anchor bolt installation, eliminating the gap between work processes. Furthermore, the anchor bolt support mechanism uses a chain-driven propulsion beam to drive the sliding seat, simultaneously inserting the previous cycle's anchor bolts into the completed holes while drilling new anchor bolt holes, significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0037] Example 2, based on Example 1, provides a method for constructing small-section rock tunnels, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Tunneling The operator remotely controls the tunneling machine to the working face via the first control panel. The track wheels are precisely positioned to the centerline of the tunnel. The cutting mechanism is activated, and the telescopic drive presses the cutting head against the rock wall. The cutting motor drives the cutting head to rotate and break the rock. After each local breaking is completed, the slewing frame drives the cutting head to turn to the adjacent area, achieving fan-shaped advancement. The broken rock debris is fed into the bucket by the rotating rake claw and transported to the muck outlet inside the vehicle body by the conveying device. The muck truck simultaneously picks up the muck behind the tunneling machine. Once fully loaded, it is immediately transported out of the tunnel, achieving immediate muck removal and no muck falling to the ground. After the set advance is reached and the muck removal is completed, the tunneling machine remains in place, and the tunnel rock wall sidewall forms a support zone. Step 2: Initial spraying of concrete Based on the aforementioned support area, the operator switches to the second operating platform, the rotating seat drives the spraying mechanism to turn towards the newly excavated section, the main and auxiliary robotic arms extend to the working position, and wet spray concrete onto the tunnel rock wall sidewalls from bottom to top in sections; during the spraying process, the mixer truck provides concrete slurry to the wet spraying pipeline through the feeding mechanism; after the initial spraying is completed, the measurement and layout are carried out, and the anchor bolt hole positions are marked, and the drilling center is calibrated according to the designed row spacing using a laser positioning instrument; Step 3: Support Based on the marked anchor bolt positions, drilling and anchor bolt installation were carried out in sections of the tunnel cross-section. The construction process included: first, driving the first lifting cylinder to raise the extension arm to the designed hole height; adjusting the pitch / deflection angle of the propulsion beam with the double adjusting cylinders; and fine-tuning the extension length of the propulsion beam with the compensation cylinder to ensure that the drill bit was precisely aligned with the center hole of the tunnel arch. The support mechanism was then deployed to the position to be worked on. Next, the sliding seat was driven to move forward, and the drill rod, guided by the drill rod shaft seat, drilled the center hole of the tunnel arch. Finally, the hollow anchor bolt was clamped to the side of the drill rod, and the drill rod was adjusted to... The angle between the anchor rods is pre-matched with the axis of the adjacent hole. As the sliding seat moves forward, the anchor rod is precisely inserted into the completed hole through the guide sleeve. After the anchor rod is inserted into the borehole, it is pulled back, and the anchor rod body is rotated counterclockwise while pulling it outward. The anchor head at the end of the anchor rod expands outward and bites into the rock wall, so that the anchor head of the anchor rod bites into the rock wall inside the borehole. Space is reserved for the installation of the pad at the exposed end. The construction is carried out from top to bottom. First, the 120-degree anchor rod holes of the rock wall arch are constructed, and then the left and right side walls are constructed. The drilling of new holes and the insertion of anchor rods in adjacent holes are carried out simultaneously. Step 4: Grouting After the anchor bolts are installed, the drilling rig is reset. When the drilling rig moves to the next hole, the worker quickly connects the grouting pipe to the exposed end of the installed anchor bolt, injects grout into the hole until it overflows at the anchor bolt pad, and then stops and seals the anchor hole. After the grout has initially set, the pad and nut are installed, and the design prestress is applied. Repeat steps 3 and 4 above. After all the anchor bolts in this section have been grouted and fixed, the support area is sprayed with concrete again. Repeating steps 1-4 above allows for uninterrupted continuous construction until the tunnel is completed.

[0038] This invention provides a method for constructing small-section rock tunnels, which integrates traditional discrete processes into a continuous flow of excavation, muck removal, initial spraying, anchoring, grouting, and re-spraying. Under the premise of ensuring support quality, it achieves the goal of efficient, safe, and continuous operation in the construction of small-section rock tunnels.

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. The basic concept of the present invention is to achieve uninterrupted continuous operation of tunnel excavation, muck removal, and support, thereby achieving safe and efficient tunnel excavation and support, and significantly improving tunnel construction efficiency. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated construction equipment for small-section rock tunnels, comprising a tunnel boring machine, a spraying mechanism mounted on the tunnel boring machine body, and a support mechanism; the tunnel boring machine is used for excavation and tunneling operations at the tunnel face, and the spraying mechanism is used for wet spraying concrete onto the tunnel rock face, characterized in that: The support mechanism includes a base, an adjusting assembly, a propulsion beam, a sliding seat, a drilling assembly, and a pushing assembly. The base is fixed to the tunneling machine body and has an adjusting assembly on it. The propulsion beam is located above the adjusting assembly and can adjust its swing direction under the action of the adjusting assembly. The sliding seat is slidably mounted on the propulsion beam and can move back and forth along the propulsion beam. The drilling assembly includes a drilling rig, a drill rod, and a drill rod shaft seat. The drilling rig is fixed on the sliding seat, the drill rod shaft seat is fixed to the front end of the propulsion beam, and the drill rod is rotatably mounted on the drill rod shaft seat. The push assembly includes a vertical rod, a sliding block, a hollow anchor rod, and a guide sleeve. The vertical rod is fixed above the sliding block by a frame. The sliding block is inclinedly fitted onto the vertical rod with a mounting hole in the middle. The guide sleeve is set above the drill rod shaft seat and is coaxial with the mounting hole. The anchor rod is inclinedly fitted into the sliding block and the guide sleeve, and the angle between the anchor rod and the drill rod is adapted to the angle between adjacent boreholes. When the moving seat moves linearly along the push beam, it can synchronously drive the drill rod and the anchor rod to move forward.

2. The integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly includes a first lifting cylinder, an extension arm, a first adjusting cylinder, a second adjusting cylinder, and a compensation cylinder. The first lifting cylinder is located inside the base. The bottom of the extension arm is inclinedly hinged to the top of the first lifting cylinder. A support seat is hinged to the top of the extension arm. The propulsion beam is slidably mounted on the support seat. The first and second adjusting cylinders are respectively hinged to both sides of the extension arm for adjusting the swing angle of the extension arm. The compensation cylinder is installed at the bottom of the propulsion beam for adjusting the extension length of the propulsion beam.

3. The integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upright frame is fixed above the sliding seat, the vertical rods are fixed to the upright frame at intervals along the vertical direction, the sliding seat is inclined and slidably fitted onto the two vertical rods, and there is a clearance fit between the sliding seat and the vertical rods. A spring is fixedly connected between the bottom of the sliding seat and the upright frame.

4. The integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slide block has a mounting hole in the middle, and fixed shafts are fitted on both sides of the mounting hole. A retaining plate is rotatably fitted on one side of the fixed shaft. The retaining plate has slots that are adapted to the inner diameters of the mounting hole and the fixed shaft. When the anchor rod is fitted into the mounting hole, the retaining plate is rotated so that the slots on the retaining plate are respectively fitted onto the anchor rod and the adjacent fixed shaft, which is used to secure the anchor rod in the mounting hole.

5. The integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: A top plate is fixed to the top of the drill pipe shaft seat. A second lifting cylinder is fixed at a vertical interval along the top plate. A guide seat is fixed to the top of the output shaft of the second lifting cylinder. A U-shaped groove is opened in the middle of the guide seat. The guide sleeve is rotatably installed in the U-shaped groove.

6. The integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front side of the rotating rod bearing is provided with a protective component, which includes a swing cylinder and a docking sleeve. The swing cylinder is located on the upper and lower sides of the drill rod. One end of the swing cylinder is hinged to the drill rod bearing, and its output end is hinged to an arc-shaped docking sleeve. The adjacent sides of the two docking sleeves are provided with protective covers. When the upper and lower docking sleeves are docked together, the two protective covers combine to form a waste slag collection chamber, and the middle of the collection chamber forms an avoidance hole for the drill rod to pass through.

7. The integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle body is also equipped with a material supply mechanism, which includes a discharge pipe, a collection hopper, a storage box, a first high-pressure pump and a second high-pressure pump. The bottom of the wet spray pipe of the spraying mechanism is connected to the storage box through the first high-pressure pump. The inlet of the storage box is connected to the collection hopper through the second high-pressure pump. The discharge port of the concrete mixer truck is connected to the inlet of the collection hopper through the discharge pipe.

8. A method for constructing small-section rock tunnels, applied to the integrated equipment for small-section rock tunnel construction as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Tunneling Excavation is carried out facing the tunnel face, and the stripped rock waste is transported to the muck outlet; after the excavation is completed at the set distance and the muck is discharged, the tunnel rock wall sidewalls form a support zone; Step 2: Initial spraying of concrete Based on the aforementioned support zone, wet-sprayed concrete is applied to the tunnel rock wall sidewalls in sections from bottom to top. After the initial spraying is completed, measurements are taken and the locations of the anchor bolt holes are determined and marked. Step 3: Support Based on the marked anchor bolt positions, drilling and anchor bolt installation are carried out in sections of the tunnel cross section. The construction process includes: first, drilling the central hole of the tunnel arch, then clamping the hollow anchor bolt to the side of the drill rod and adjusting the angle between the drill rod and the anchor bolt. Then, while driving the drill rod to drill a new hole, the anchor rod is pushed into the adjacent completed anchor hole under the action of the thrust, and the anchor head of the anchor rod bites into the rock wall; Step 4: Grouting After the anchor bolts are installed, the drill rod is reset, the grouting pipe is connected to the end of the anchor bolt, and grout is injected into the hole until it overflows at the anchor bolt pad. Then the anchor hole is sealed. Repeat steps 3 and 4 above. After all the anchor bolts in this section are grouted and fixed, the support area is sprayed with concrete again. Repeat steps 1-4 above to carry out uninterrupted continuous construction until the tunnel is completed.

9. The method for constructing small-section rock tunnels according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 3, the drilling operation proceeds from top to bottom. First, the 120-degree anchor bolt holes in the rock wall arch are constructed, followed by the left and right side walls. The drilling direction is perpendicular to the direction of the tunnel rock surface.

10. The method for constructing small-section rock tunnels according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the anchor rod is inserted into the borehole, pull the anchor rod outward and rotate the anchor rod body counterclockwise. The anchor head at the end of the anchor rod expands outward and bites into the rock wall, thereby fixing the anchor rod in the borehole. A grout stop plug is fixedly installed at the borehole opening. Tighten the nut on the anchor rod to make the washer press against the rock wall.

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