Top-drive self-adaptive intelligent shock absorber

Abstract

The invention discloses a tool used in the technical field of petroleum drilling, and particularly relates to a top drive self-adaptive intelligent shock absorber which comprises a transmission shaft, a spline shell, a lower shell, a transmission shaft sleeve, a cylinder body, magnetorheological fluid, a spring, a piston, a coil, a cylinder cover, a piston rod, an acceleration sensor, a control unit and a battery pack. According to the technical scheme, a spring and magnetorheological fluid are used in cooperation to conduct vibration reduction, the spring provides main elastic supporting and basic buffering, the magnetorheological fluid can conduct active damping force infinite adjustment of millisecond response, the spring and the magnetorheological fluid work cooperatively, broadband vibration and large impact can be efficiently restrained at the same time, and the vibration reduction effect is good. And the excellent damping effect of combining rigidity and softness and self-adapting to complex working conditions is achieved. The top drive damping device is connected between a top drive and a drill rod, is mainly used for protecting the top drive when a drilling tool jumps in shallow well drilling operation, and can remarkably improve the damping performance of the top drive, achieve efficient and stable work of the top drive, guarantee smooth drilling operation and avoid accident risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention is applicable to the field of directional oil drilling, and specifically relates to a top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper. Background Technology

[0002] In oil drilling operations, the top drive system, as a core piece of equipment, directly impacts drilling efficiency and quality due to its operational stability. However, complex formation conditions and the interaction between the drill bit and rock often lead to severe vibrations in the top drive, which not only reduces equipment lifespan but also increases operational risks and costs. Traditional top drive vibration damping joints primarily rely on passive damping components such as rubber or disc springs, whose stiffness and damping parameters are fixed and cannot adapt to the complex, variable, and volatile downhole conditions. They often face the dilemma of "insufficient support when too soft, and poor vibration damping when too stiff," resulting in limited vibration damping effects and difficulty in effectively protecting the top drive and drill string, thus reducing drilling efficiency and safety. Therefore, developing efficient and stable top drive vibration damping devices is crucial.

[0003] For the reasons mentioned above, developing a top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper for top drive protection is of great significance. The core advantage of this top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper, which uses magnetorheological fluid and springs, lies in the fact that the damping force of the magnetorheological fluid can be intelligently adjusted in milliseconds and steplessly via current. This allows it to actively and adaptively match different operating conditions: the springs provide the main elastic support to withstand static drilling pressure and buffer large impacts, while the magnetorheological damper precisely and quickly dissipates high-frequency vibration energy. The two work together to achieve optimal suppression of broadband vibrations, significantly improving the stability of the drill string system, protecting the top drive equipment, and ultimately increasing the mechanical drilling rate and drilling economy. Therefore, the development of this technology is of great importance to the entire petroleum industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper to solve the related problems of top drive vibration reduction engineering described in the background art, and improve drilling efficiency and safety.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper, characterized in that: the top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper is located between the top drive and the lower drill string, which can significantly improve the vibration damping performance of the top drive.

[0006] The top-drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper includes a drive shaft, a splined housing, a lower housing, a drive shaft sleeve, a cylinder, magnetorheological fluid, a spring, a piston, a coil, a cylinder head, a piston rod, an acceleration sensor, a control unit, and a battery pack. The upper end of the drive shaft connects to the top drive to transmit torque. An external spline is located on the middle end of the drive shaft. An internal spline is located inside the splined housing and always meshes with the external spline of the drive shaft, transmitting the top drive torque to the lower drill string. The splined housing can slide on the drive shaft. The lower housing, the splined housing, and the lower drill string are all connected by threads. The drive shaft sleeve mates with the lower end of the drive shaft, separating the drive shaft from other components. The cylinder mates with the drive shaft sleeve and is sealed. The internal cavity houses the magnetorheological fluid. One end of the spring rests on the cylinder shoulder, and the other end is positioned on the lower housing, providing vibration damping. The piston is placed inside the cylinder and sealed. The piston has coil slots and openings for... Magnetorheological fluid flows through a small hole for placing wires. The piston inner ring is threaded, and the coil is placed in the piston coil groove. The cylinder head and cylinder body are connected by threads and cooperate with the piston rod, and are properly sealed. Both ends of the piston rod are connected to the piston and the lower outer shell by threads respectively. When the lower outer shell moves upward due to the vibration transmitted from the lower drill string, it drives the piston rod and piston to move synchronously in the sealed cavity formed by the cylinder body and cylinder head. The piston rod has a small hole for placing wires. The coil, accelerometer, control unit and battery pack are connected by wires, and the wire holes are all properly sealed. The accelerometer, control unit and battery pack are placed and fixed in the lower cavity of the lower outer shell. The accelerometer is fixed on the lower outer shell to receive the vibration signal of the lower drill string. The control unit includes an MCU, ADC module, amplification circuit, filtering circuit and current regulation circuit, and is integrated on the PCB board. The battery pack uses high temperature resistant batteries and is waterproofed.

[0007] The top-drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper is implemented as follows: the drive shaft and spline housing are connected by a spline to transmit the top-drive torque to the lower drill string. An acceleration sensor continuously monitors the vibration acceleration signal and transmits this real-time data to the control unit. The control unit's built-in algorithm processes and calculates the input signal at high speed, quickly determines the current vibration state, and determines the required optimal damping force. Then, a precisely modulated pulse current is output to the coil through a wire. This current excites a magnetic field of controllable intensity around the coil. The magnetic field penetrates the magnetorheological fluid, causing a drastic and continuous change in the apparent viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid, thereby adjusting the damping characteristics of the hydraulic cylinder in real time and steplessly. The spring provides the main elastic restoring force and basic energy storage, responsible for absorbing large impacts and supporting static loads, while the magnetorheological fluid focuses on precise energy dissipation, actively suppressing mid-to-high frequency residual vibrations and unnecessary deformations. The two work together in a combination of rigidity and flexibility, ultimately achieving a high degree of adaptability and high-performance active suppression for complex vibration environments with wide frequency bands and variable amplitudes.

[0008] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the magnetorheological fluid can instantly change from a liquid state to a semi-solid state under the action of the magnetic field generated after the coil is energized, which significantly increases the viscosity and thus greatly increases the resistance of the flow through the piston channel, realizing millisecond-level and stepless adjustment of the damping force, thereby intelligently absorbing and dissipating vibration energy.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Compared with traditional top-drive vibration dampers, top-drive adaptive intelligent vibration dampers can adjust damping in real time through current, break through the limitations of traditional fixed parameters, accurately match complex working conditions, and achieve optimal vibration reduction; (2) Top-drive adaptive intelligent vibration dampers use springs to support and buffer, and dampers to efficiently consume energy and suppress vibration. The two complement each other, taking into account both stability and vibration reduction effect; (3) Quickly suppress instantaneous severe vibration, significantly reduce equipment impact and fatigue, and improve protection capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the top-drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of section AA of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the workflow of the present invention; In the diagram: 1-drive shaft, 2-spline housing, 3-lower housing, 4-drive shaft sleeve, 5-cylinder block, 6-magnetorheological fluid, 7-spring, 8-piston, 9-coil, 10-cylinder head, 11-piston rod, 12-accelerometer, 13-control unit, 14-battery pack. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0012] Combination Figure 1 The technical solution adopted in this invention is a top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper, characterized in that: the top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper is located between the top drive and the lower drill string, which can significantly improve the vibration damping performance of the top drive.

[0013] Combination Figure 1The top-drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper includes a drive shaft 1, a splined housing 2, a lower housing 3, a drive shaft sleeve 4, a cylinder 5, a magnetorheological fluid 6, a spring 7, a piston 8, a coil 9, a cylinder head 10, a piston rod 11, an acceleration sensor 12, a control unit 13, and a battery pack 14. The upper end of the drive shaft 1 is connected to the top drive to transmit torque. An external spline is provided on the middle end of the drive shaft 1. The splined housing 2 has an internal spline that always meshes with the external spline of the drive shaft 1, transmitting the top drive torque to the lower drill string. The splined housing 2 can slide on the drive shaft 1. The lower housing 3 is connected to both the splined housing 2 and the lower drill string via... The drive shaft sleeve 4 and the lower end of the drive shaft 1 are threaded together, separating the drive shaft 1 from other components. The cylinder body 5 is fitted with the drive shaft sleeve 4 and sealed. The internal cavity is used to hold the magnetorheological fluid 6. One end of the spring 7 is placed on the shoulder of the cylinder body 5, and the other end is placed on the lower outer shell 3 to dampen vibration. The piston 8 is placed inside the cylinder body 5 and sealed. The piston 8 has a coil groove and small holes for the magnetorheological fluid 6 to flow through and for placing wires. The inner ring of the piston 8 is threaded, and the coil 9 is placed in the coil groove of the piston 8. The cylinder head 10 and... The cylinder body 5 is threaded and mates with the piston rod 11, and is properly sealed. Both ends of the piston rod 11 are threaded to the piston 8 and the lower outer shell 3, respectively. When the lower outer shell 3 moves upward due to vibration transmitted from the lower drill string, it drives the piston rod 11 and piston 8 to move synchronously within the sealed cavity formed by the cylinder body 5 and cylinder head 10. The piston rod 11 has small holes for placing wires. The coil 9, acceleration sensor 12, control unit 13, and battery pack 14 are connected by wires, and the wire holes are all sealed. The acceleration sensor 12, control unit 13, and battery pack 14 are all placed... The accelerometer 12 is fixed in the lower cavity of the lower housing 3 to receive the vibration signal of the lower drill string. The control unit 13 includes an MCU, an ADC module, an amplifier circuit, a filter circuit, and a current regulation circuit, all integrated on the PCB board. The battery pack 14 uses a high-temperature resistant battery and is waterproofed. The magnetorheological fluid 6 can instantly change from a liquid to a semi-solid state under the action of the magnetic field generated after the coil 9 is energized, significantly increasing its viscosity and thus greatly increasing the resistance to flow through the piston 8 channel, achieving millisecond-level and stepless adjustment of the damping force, thereby intelligently absorbing and dissipating vibration energy.

[0014] In one specific embodiment, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The top-drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper is implemented as follows: the drive shaft 1 and the splined housing 2 are connected by a spline to transmit the top-drive torque to the lower drill string. The acceleration sensor 12 continuously monitors the vibration acceleration signal and transmits this real-time data to the control unit 13. The algorithm built into the control unit 13 performs high-speed processing and calculation on the input signal, quickly judges the current vibration state and determines the required optimal damping force. Then, a precisely modulated pulse current is output to the coil 9 through the wire. This current excites a magnetic field with controllable intensity around the coil 9. The magnetic field penetrates the magnetorheological fluid 6, causing a drastic and continuous change in the apparent viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid 6, thereby adjusting the damping characteristics of the hydraulic cylinder in real time and steplessly. The spring 7 provides the main elastic restoring force and basic energy storage, responsible for absorbing large impacts and supporting static loads, while the magnetorheological fluid 6 focuses on precise energy dissipation and actively suppresses mid-to-high frequency residual vibrations and unnecessary deformations. The two work together in a combination of rigidity and flexibility, ultimately achieving a high degree of adaptability and high-performance active suppression for complex vibration environments with wide frequency bands and variable amplitudes.

[0015] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the above-described technical solutions. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments without creative effort are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper, characterized in that: The top drive adaptive intelligent damper is located between the top drive and the lower drill string, and can significantly improve the damping performance of the top drive; The top drive adaptive intelligent damper comprises a transmission shaft (1), a spline housing (2), a lower housing (3), a transmission shaft sleeve (4), a cylinder body (5), a magnetorheological fluid (6), a spring (7), a piston (8), a coil (9), a cylinder cover (10), a piston rod (11), an acceleration sensor (12), a control unit (13), and a battery pack (14). The upper end of the transmission shaft (1) is connected with the top drive to transmit torque. The middle end of the transmission shaft (1) is provided with external splines. The spline housing (2) is internally provided with internal splines and is always engaged with the external splines of the transmission shaft (1), so as to transmit the torque of the top drive to the lower drill string. The spline housing (2) can slide on the transmission shaft (1). The lower housing (3) is connected with the spline housing (2) and the lower drill string through threads. The transmission shaft sleeve (4) is matched with the lower end of the transmission shaft (1) and can separate the transmission shaft (1) from other components. The cylinder body (5) is internally matched with the transmission shaft sleeve (4) and is well sealed. The internal cavity is used to place the magnetorheological fluid (6). One end of the spring (7) is placed on the shaft shoulder of the cylinder body (5), and the other end is arranged on the lower housing (3), so as to play a damping role. The piston (8) is placed in the cylinder body (5) and is well sealed. The piston (8) is provided with a coil groove and is respectively provided with small holes for allowing the magnetorheological fluid (6) to flow through and placing wires. The inner circle of the piston (8) is provided with threads. The coil (9) is placed in the coil groove of the piston (8). The cylinder cover (10) is connected with the cylinder body (5) through threads and is matched with the piston rod (11) and is well sealed. The two ends of the piston rod (11) are connected with the piston (8) and the lower housing (3) through threads. When the lower housing (3) moves upward due to the vibration transmitted by the lower drill string, the piston rod (11) and the piston (8) move synchronously in the sealed chamber formed by the cylinder body (5) and the cylinder cover (10). The piston rod (11) is internally provided with a small hole for placing wires. The coil (9), the acceleration sensor (12), the control unit (13), and the battery pack (14) are connected through wires. The wire holes are well sealed. The acceleration sensor (12), the control unit (13), and the battery pack (14) are placed and fixed in the lower chamber of the lower housing (3). The acceleration sensor (12) is fixed on the lower housing (3) and is used to receive the vibration signal of the lower drill string. The control unit (13) comprises an MCU, an ADC module, an amplifying circuit, a filtering circuit, and a current regulating circuit, and is integrated on a PCB. The battery pack (14) adopts high-temperature-resistant batteries and is well waterproofed.

2. The top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper of claim 1, wherein: The magnetorheological fluid (6) can be instantly changed from liquid to semi-solid under the action of the magnetic field generated after the coil (9) is powered on, so as to significantly increase the viscosity and greatly increase the resistance of the flow through the piston (8) channel, so as to realize millisecond and stepless adjustment of damping force, and intelligently absorb and dissipate vibration energy.

3. The top drive adaptive intelligent vibration damper of claim 1, wherein: Acceleration sensor (12) real-time monitoring of vibration signals and sent to the control unit (13), control unit (13) according to the algorithm processing signals and calculate the required optimal damping force, in turn to the coil (9) output corresponding current, coil (9) energized in the cylinder (5) generates a magnetic field, so that the magnetorheological fluid (6) instant change in viscosity, thereby infinitely adjustable damping force, and spring (7) to work together, spring (7) to provide elastic reset basis buffer, magnetorheological fluid (6) active suppression of residual vibration, and ultimately achieve self-adapting to the vibration environment of precision damping.

Images