Slope water and soil loss prediction system of channel type waste slag field

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of water and soil loss prediction, in particular to a slope water and soil loss prediction system for a channel type waste slag field, which comprises an image acquisition module, an image processing module, a data processing module, a data processing module and a data processing module, and is characterized in that the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a slope single-stage cut slope surface image, and the image processing module is used for constructing a particle size curve from a slope top to a slope bottom; the water seepage measuring module is used for measuring a first water seepage rate and a second water seepage rate of muck at a plurality of point positions from the slope top to the slope bottom of the single-stage cut slope, and the water seepage data processing module is used for constructing a first water seepage curve and a second water seepage curve from the slope top to the slope bottom; the checking module is used for checking whether the water and soil conservation of the single-stage cut slope meets a preset standard or not according to the average slope of the first water seepage curve when the water and soil conservation of the single-stage cut slope is preliminarily judged not to meet the preset standard according to the average slope of the particle size curve; and the prediction analysis module is used for determining a corresponding single-stage slope cutting correction mode according to the average slope of the second water seepage curve. According to the invention, the prediction precision of the water and soil loss trend of the side slope where muck accumulation is completed is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of water and soil loss prediction, and particularly relates to a slope water and soil loss prediction system for a ditch-type spoil site. BACKGROUND

[0002] In various engineering construction processes, such as mining, road construction, and water conservancy construction, a large amount of spoil is generated, which is usually stacked in a ditch-type spoil site. At present, the prediction and prevention of slope water and soil loss in the ditch-type spoil site mainly rely on traditional methods. Traditional methods often focus on the overall stability evaluation of the slope, and mainly use engineering geological investigation, theoretical calculation, and experience analogy. For example, the stability of the slope is judged by investigating the geological structure and rock-soil properties of the slope in the field, and calculating the safety factor of the slope by using relevant theoretical formulas; or the water and soil loss risk of the current slope is roughly evaluated according to experience by referring to similar engineering cases.

[0003] However, these traditional methods have many limitations. On the one hand, the traditional methods pay insufficient attention to the micro features of the slope surface. The particle size distribution of the spoil on the slope surface has an important influence on water and soil loss. The stability of spoil with different particle sizes is quite different under the action of rainwater erosion, wind erosion, etc. Fine-grained spoil is more easily carried away by water flow, while coarse-grained spoil is relatively stable. The traditional methods mainly focus on monitoring the water and soil loss in or after the rain. The traditional methods usually only consider the seepage rate in a single state, and cannot fully understand the change law of the seepage characteristics of the spoil with the position and state, so it is difficult to accurately predict the water and soil loss of the slope under different conditions. In addition, the traditional methods lack scientific and accurate basis for determining the correction method of the slope after predicting the water and soil loss of the slope. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a slope water and soil loss prediction system for a ditch-type spoil site to overcome the problem of poor accuracy in predicting the water and soil loss trend of the slope after the completion of spoil stacking.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a slope water and soil loss prediction system for a ditch-type spoil site, comprising: an image acquisition module, which is used to acquire the surface image of a single-stage cut slope of the slope in a preset area from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope; an image processing module connected with the image acquisition module, which is used to construct a particle size curve from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope according to the average particle size of the spoil in a plurality of point regions on the surface image from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope; The seepage measurement module is used to measure the first and second seepage rates of the slag soil at several points along the slope top to bottom of the single-stage slope. The first seepage rate is the original seepage rate of the slag soil, and the second seepage rate is the seepage rate measured after the upper half of the slag soil has dried following the completion of the first seepage rate test. The seepage data processing module is connected to the seepage measurement module and is used to construct the first seepage curve and the second seepage curve from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope based on the first seepage rate and the second seepage rate of the slag soil at each of the points. The predictive analysis module is connected to the image processing module and the seepage data processing module respectively. It is used to preliminarily determine whether the soil and water conservation of a single-stage slope meets the preset standard based on the average slope of the particle size curve. If it does not meet the preset standard, it verifies whether the soil and water conservation of a single-stage slope meets the preset standard based on the average slope of the first seepage curve, or determines the corresponding single-stage slope correction method based on the average slope of the second seepage curve. The average slope of the particle size curve is the average of the slopes at each point on the particle size curve. The average slope of the first seepage curve is the average of the slopes at each point on the first seepage curve. The average slope of the second seepage curve is the average of the slopes at each point on the second seepage curve.

[0006] Furthermore, the water seepage measurement module includes several hollow test tubes, a top cover at the top of the hollow test tubes with a water inlet pipe connected to the top cover, and a bottom cover at the bottom of the hollow test tubes with several water immersion sensors on the side of the bottom cover near the hollow test tubes. Furthermore, the hollow test tube includes two half-tubes, each half-tube including a half-tube body and a connecting strip disposed at the edge of the half-tube body; A sealing strip is provided on the connecting surface of the connecting strip.

[0007] Furthermore, an isolation mesh with a preset aperture is provided at the center of the hollow test tube.

[0008] Furthermore, the prediction and analysis module determines that the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting meets the preset standard in response to the average slope of the particle size curve being less than a first preset slope threshold, and determines that the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting does not meet the preset standard in response to the average slope of the particle size curve being greater than or equal to the first preset slope threshold.

[0009] Further, the prediction analysis module checks whether the water and soil conservation of the single-stage slope cutting meets the preset standard according to the average slope of the first water infiltration curve, and determines a corresponding single-stage slope cutting correction mode according to the average slope of the second water infiltration curve in response to the average slope of the particle size curve being greater than or equal to the second preset slope threshold.

[0010] Further, the prediction analysis module checks whether the water and soil conservation of the single-stage slope cutting meets the preset standard according to the average slope of the first water infiltration curve, and determines a corresponding single-stage slope cutting correction mode according to the average slope of the second water infiltration curve in response to the average slope of the particle size curve being greater than or equal to the second preset slope threshold. If the average slope of the first water infiltration curve is less than the checking threshold, it is checked that the water and soil conservation of the single-stage slope cutting meets the preset standard, and the detection of the next preset area of the single-stage slope cutting is performed. If the average slope of the first water infiltration curve is greater than or equal to the checking threshold, it is checked that the water and soil conservation of the single-stage slope cutting does not meet the preset standard, and the single-stage slope gradient in the preset area is reduced according to the difference between the average slope of the first water infiltration curve and the checking threshold.

[0011] Further, the reduction range of the single-stage slope gradient is positively correlated with the difference between the average slope of the first water infiltration curve and the checking threshold.

[0012] Further, a corresponding single-stage slope cutting correction mode is determined according to the average slope of the second water infiltration curve, and the average slope of the second water infiltration curve is less than the correction threshold. If the average slope of the second water infiltration curve is less than the correction threshold, the width of the horse path at the slope bottom in the preset area is increased to a corresponding value. If the average slope of the second water infiltration curve is greater than or equal to the correction threshold, a retaining wall is arranged at the slope bottom in the preset area.

[0013] Further, the increase range of the width of the horse path is positively correlated with the difference between the correction threshold and the average slope of the second water infiltration curve.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that: the present application realizes fine classification prediction of water and soil loss risk through the three-stage progressive judgment logic of particle size curve-water infiltration curve-correction scheme. The particle size curve as a preliminary screening index can quickly identify the uniformity of the structure of the slag soil; when the slope exceeds the first threshold, the intervention of the water infiltration curve can distinguish between surface looseness and deep permeability problems; and the second water infiltration curve triggers high-order correction measures such as adding a retaining wall for extreme working conditions. This classification strategy avoids the limitations of traditional single-index determination, significantly reduces the misjudgment rate, and optimizes the priority of engineering response.

[0015] Furthermore, this invention systematically simulates the performance evolution of slag soil during natural wet-dry cycles. The initial test reflects initial permeability, while the secondary test after drying reveals the soil's resistance to degradation. Combined with slope analysis of the infiltration curve, the trend of soil erosion under extreme climates such as heavy rain or drought can be accurately predicted.

[0016] Furthermore, the collaborative operation of the image acquisition, seepage measurement, and predictive analysis modules of this invention forms a closed-loop system: the image processing module replaces traditional sampling with non-contact particle size analysis, reducing interference from on-site operations; the standardized testing process of the seepage measurement module ensures data comparability; the automated threshold determination of the predictive analysis module shortens the manual evaluation cycle. The overall architecture balances efficiency and scalability, making it suitable for the dynamic monitoring needs of large-scale spoil disposal sites. Through intelligent classification and determination, dynamic environmental simulation, data quantification correction, and modular collaboration, this system achieves a technological leap from "passive management" to "active prediction" of slope soil erosion, combining engineering practicality with forward-looking disaster prevention and control. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the slope soil and water loss prediction system for a ditch-type spoil heap according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the seepage measurement module structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the preliminary determination of whether the soil and water conservation of a single-stage slope cutting meets the preset standards in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a single-stage slope cutting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the reduction of the single-stage slope gradient within a preset area according to an embodiment of the present invention; In the diagram: 2. Top cover; 3. Water inlet pipe; 4. Bottom cover; 5. Water immersion sensor; 11. Half pipe; 111. Half pipe body; 112. Connecting strip; 113. Sealing strip; 6. Single-stage slope; 7. Walkway; 8. Retaining wall. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-5As shown, they are respectively structural schematic diagram of the slope soil and water loss prediction system of the channel type waste dump of the embodiment of the present application; structural schematic diagram of the water permeation determination module of the embodiment of the present application; flow chart of the embodiment of the present application for preliminarily judging whether the water and soil conservation of the single-stage cut slope meets the preset standard; structural schematic diagram of the single-stage cut slope of the embodiment of the present application; and schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application for reducing the slope gradient of the single-stage cut slope in the preset area.

[0021] The slope soil and water loss prediction system of the channel type waste dump of the embodiment of the present application comprises: An image acquisition module is used to acquire the surface image of the preset area along the top to the bottom of the slope of the single-stage cut slope 6; An image processing module is connected with the image acquisition module, and is used to construct the particle size curve along the top to the bottom of the slope according to the average particle size of the waste soil of the point area on the surface image from the top to the bottom of the slope, wherein each point is distributed equidistantly along the vertical direction from the top to the bottom of the slope; A water permeation determination module is used to determine the first water permeation rate and the second water permeation rate of the waste soil of the several points of the single-stage cut slope 6 along the top to the bottom of the slope, wherein the first water permeation rate is the water permeation rate of the original waste soil, and the second water permeation rate is the water permeation rate measured after the upper half of the waste soil is dried after the first water permeation rate test is completed; A water permeation data processing module is connected with the water permeation determination module, and is used to construct the first water permeation curve and the second water permeation curve from the top to the bottom of the slope according to the first water permeation rate and the second water permeation rate of the waste soil of each point respectively; A prediction analysis module is connected with the image processing module and the water permeation data processing module respectively, and is used to preliminarily judge whether the water and soil conservation of the single-stage cut slope 6 meets the preset standard according to the average slope of the particle size curve, and when the preset standard is not met, to check whether the water and soil conservation of the single-stage cut slope 6 meets the preset standard according to the average slope of the first water permeation curve, or to determine the correction mode of the corresponding single-stage cut slope 6 according to the average slope of the second water permeation curve; The particle size curve takes the top of the slope as the origin, takes the distance from the top to the bottom of the slope as the horizontal coordinate axis, the unit of the horizontal coordinate is m, takes the average particle size of the waste soil of the point area as the vertical coordinate axis, and the unit of the vertical coordinate is m.

[0022] The first water permeation curve takes the distance from the top to the bottom of the slope as the horizontal coordinate axis, the unit of the horizontal coordinate is m, takes the water permeation rate of the original waste soil of each point area as the vertical coordinate, and the unit of the vertical coordinate is m / s.

[0023] The second water permeation curve takes the distance from the top to the bottom of the slope as the horizontal coordinate axis, the unit of the horizontal coordinate is m, takes the water permeation rate measured after the upper half of the waste soil is dried after the first water permeation rate test is completed as the vertical coordinate, and the unit of the vertical coordinate is m / s.

[0024] The average slope of the particle size curve is the average value of the slope of each point on the particle size curve; The average slope of the first water infiltration curve is the average value of the slope of each point on the first water infiltration curve; The average slope of the second water infiltration curve is the average value of the slope of each point on the second water infiltration curve.

[0025] Specifically, the particle size curve, the first water infiltration curve and the second water infiltration curve can be fitted by a polynomial, nonlinear fitting or spline interpolation, which is not limited.

[0026] Specifically, the image acquisition module, for example, a drone equipped with a high-definition camera, is not limited, which is used to collect surface images of the preset area along the top to the bottom of the single-stage cutting slope 6; the image processing module, the water infiltration data processing module and the prediction analysis module are not limited, as long as they meet the requirements of the set program to complete the input parameters and output the corresponding results.

[0027] Specifically, the height of the single-stage cutting slope 6 is usually set to 8-12m, and in this embodiment, it is set to 10m. The width of the horse path 7 is usually set to 3-4m, and in this embodiment, it is set to 3m. The slope ratio in this embodiment is set to 1:1.5.

[0028] Specifically, the distance between the points distributed at equal intervals in the vertical direction from the top to the bottom of the slope is usually set to 0.5-1.2m. In this embodiment, the slope length is 22.36m, and the number of sampled points in this embodiment is 20.

[0029] Specifically, the water infiltration measuring module includes a plurality of hollow test tubes, a top cover 2 arranged at the top end of the hollow test tube, a water inlet pipe 3 connected to the top cover 2, a bottom cover 4 arranged at the bottom end of the hollow test tube, and a plurality of water immersion sensors 5 arranged on one side of the bottom cover 4 close to the hollow test tube. In this embodiment, five water immersion sensors 5 are arranged. The height of the hollow test tube is 1m, and the diameter of the tube is 0.1m. Specifically, the hollow test tube includes two half tubes 11, and the half tube 11 includes a half tube body 111 and a connecting strip 112 arranged at the edge of the half tube body 111. The connecting surface of the connecting strip 112 is provided with a sealing strip 113. The two half tubes 11 are sealed by the connection of the connecting strip 112. The connecting strip 112 can be fixed by metal clips or bolts and nuts, which are not limited.

[0030] Specifically, the center of the hollow test tube is provided with an isolation net with a predetermined pore size, which is not shown in the figure. After filling one half of the spoil, the isolation net is placed horizontally and then the other half of the spoil is filled. The material of the isolation net is a metal mesh, and the predetermined pore size is not less than 1.40mm.

[0031] Specifically, in this implementation, the time when the water supply pipe 3 begins to supply water is taken as the starting time, and the time when all water immersion sensors 5 receive water immersion signals is taken as the ending time to calculate the duration of the seepage rate.

[0032] Specifically, the prediction and analysis module determines that the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting 6 meets the preset standards when the average slope of the particle size curve is less than a first preset slope threshold. The predictive analysis module determines that the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting 6 does not meet the preset standard when the average slope of the particle size curve is greater than or equal to the first preset slope threshold. The predictive analysis module determines that the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting 6 does not meet the preset standard when the average slope of the particle size curve is greater than or equal to the first preset slope threshold and less than the second preset slope threshold. It then verifies whether the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting 6 meets the preset standard based on the average slope of the first seepage curve. The predictive analysis module determines that the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting 6 does not meet the preset standard when the average slope of the particle size curve is greater than or equal to the second preset slope threshold, and determines the corresponding correction method of the single-stage slope cutting 6 according to the average slope of the second seepage curve. The first preset slope threshold is set to 0.035, and the second preset slope threshold is set to 0.058. It should be noted that the data in this embodiment are all results obtained through preliminary experiments before the current test by the system described in this invention. Each preset value can be adjusted according to the specific usage, as long as the system described in this invention can clearly define different specific situations in the single-item judgment process through the acquired values.

[0033] Specifically, the predictive analysis module verifies whether the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting 6 meets the preset standards based on the average slope of the first seepage curve. If the average slope of the first seepage curve is less than the verification threshold of 0.122, then the soil and water conservation of the single-level slope cutting 6 is verified to meet the preset standard, and the next preset area of ​​the single-level slope cutting 6 is detected. If the average slope of the first seepage curve is greater than or equal to the verification threshold, the soil and water conservation of the single-level slope 6 is found to be non-compliant with the preset standard, and the slope of the single-level slope 6 in the preset area is reduced according to the difference between the average slope of the first seepage curve and the verification threshold.

[0034] Specifically, the reduction in slope of the single-stage slope cut 6 is positively correlated with the difference between the average slope of the first seepage curve and the verification threshold. This positive correlation can be linear or nonlinear; there is no specific limitation. It simply requires that the greater the difference between the average slope of the first seepage curve and the verification threshold, the greater the reduction in slope of the single-stage slope cut 6. In other words, it reduces the slope of the single-stage slope cut 6 within the area. Figure 5 The angle of α is expanded.

[0035] Specifically, the corresponding single-stage slope reduction method is determined based on the average slope of the second infiltration curve, wherein... If the average slope of the second seepage curve is less than the correction threshold of 0.052, the width of the ramp 7 at the bottom of the single-stage slope 6 in the preset area will be increased to the corresponding value. If the average slope of the second seepage curve is greater than or equal to the correction threshold, then a retaining wall 8 will be installed at the bottom of the single-stage slope 6 within the preset area. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 The retaining wall 8 is set up in the middle. The construction of the retaining wall 8 can be carried out in accordance with the corresponding construction standards, and there are no specific restrictions.

[0036] Specifically, the increase in the width of the walkway 7 is directly related to the difference between the correction threshold and the average slope of the second seepage curve. Similarly, to adjust the increase in the width of the walkway 7, it is only necessary to satisfy the condition that the greater the difference between the correction threshold and the average slope of the second seepage curve, the greater the increase in the width of the walkway 7.

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for predicting soil and water loss from a side slope of a channel-type waste disposal site, characterized by comprising: The application relates to a slope soil and water conservation prediction and analysis system. The system comprises an image acquisition module for acquiring surface images of a single-stage slope cutting along a preset region from a slope top to a slope bottom; An image processing module is connected with the image acquisition module and is used for constructing a particle size curve along the slope top to the slope bottom according to average particle sizes of a plurality of point regions on the surface images from the slope top to the slope bottom; A water seepage measurement module is used for measuring first water seepage rates and second water seepage rates of muck at a plurality of point positions along the slope top to the slope bottom of the single-stage slope cutting, wherein the first water seepage rate is the water seepage rate of the original muck, and the second water seepage rate is the water seepage rate of the upper half muck after drying after the first water seepage rate test is completed; A water seepage data processing module is connected with the water seepage measurement module and is used for constructing first water seepage curves and second water seepage curves from the slope top to the slope bottom according to the first water seepage rates and the second water seepage rates of the muck at the plurality of point positions respectively; A prediction analysis module is connected with the image processing module and the water seepage data processing module respectively and is used for preliminarily judging whether the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting conforms to a preset standard according to an average slope of the particle size curve and, when the preset standard is not met, checking whether the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting conforms to the preset standard according to an average slope of the first water seepage curve or determining a corresponding single-stage slope correction mode according to an average slope of the second water seepage curve. The average slope of the particle size curve is an average value of slopes of the point positions on the particle size curve. The average slope of the first water seepage curve is an average value of slopes of the point positions on the first water seepage curve. The average slope of the second water seepage curve is an average value of slopes of the point positions on the second water seepage curve.

2. The system for predicting water and soil loss of a side slope of a channel type waste disposal site according to claim 1, wherein The water seepage measurement module comprises a plurality of hollow test tubes, a top cover arranged at a top end of the hollow test tube, a water inlet pipe communicated with the top cover, a bottom cover arranged at a bottom end of the hollow test tube, and a plurality of water immersion sensors arranged on a side of the bottom cover close to the hollow test tube.

3. The system for predicting water and soil loss of a side slope of a channel type waste disposal site according to claim 2, wherein The hollow test tube comprises two half tubes, and each half tube comprises a half tube body and a connecting strip arranged at an edge of the half tube body. A connecting surface of the connecting strip is provided with a sealing strip.

4. The system for predicting water and soil loss of a side slope of a channel type waste disposal site according to claim 3, wherein A center position of the hollow test tube is provided with an isolation net with a preset pore size.

5. The system for predicting water and soil loss of a side slope of a channel type waste disposal site according to claim 4, wherein The prediction analysis module judges that the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting conforms to the preset standard in response to the average slope of the particle size curve being less than a first preset slope threshold value, and judges that the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting does not conform to the preset standard in response to the average slope of the particle size curve being greater than or equal to the first preset slope threshold value.

6. The system for predicting water and soil loss of a side slope of a channel type waste disposal site according to claim 5, wherein The prediction analysis module checks whether the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting conforms to the preset standard according to the average slope of the first water seepage curve in response to the average slope of the particle size curve being greater than or equal to the first preset slope threshold value and less than a second preset slope threshold value, and determines a corresponding single-stage slope correction mode according to the average slope of the second water seepage curve in response to the average slope of the particle size curve being greater than or equal to the second preset slope threshold value.

7. The system for predicting water and soil loss of a side slope of a channel type waste disposal site according to claim 6, wherein The prediction analysis module checks whether the soil and water conservation of the single-stage slope cutting conforms to the preset standard according to the average slope of the first water seepage curve, wherein, If the average slope of the first water infiltration curve is less than a check threshold, the water and soil conservation of the single-stage cut slope is checked to meet the preset standard, and the next preset area under the single-stage cut slope is detected. If the average slope of the first water infiltration curve is greater than or equal to the check threshold, the water and soil conservation of the single-stage cut slope is checked to not meet the preset standard, and the slope of the single-stage cut slope in the preset area is reduced according to the difference between the average slope of the first water infiltration curve and the check threshold.

8. The system for predicting water and soil loss of a side slope of a channel type waste disposal site according to claim 7, wherein The reduction range of the slope of the single-stage cut slope is positively correlated with the difference between the average slope of the first water infiltration curve and the check threshold.

9. The system for predicting water and soil loss of a side slope of a channel type waste disposal site according to claim 8, wherein A corresponding single-stage cut slope correction method is determined according to the average slope of the second water infiltration curve, wherein, If the average slope of the second water infiltration curve is less than a correction threshold, the width of the horse path at the bottom of the single-stage cut slope in the preset area is increased to a corresponding value. If the average slope of the second water infiltration curve is greater than or equal to the correction threshold, a retaining wall is set at the bottom of the single-stage cut slope in the preset area.

10. The system for predicting water and soil loss of a side slope of a channel type waste disposal site according to claim 9, wherein The increase range of the width of the horse path is positively correlated with the difference between the correction threshold and the average slope of the second water infiltration curve.

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