Temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail

Abstract

The application provides a temperature and vibration compound sensor for high-speed rail, belonging to the technical field of temperature and vibration detection equipment, comprising a sensor shell, a maintenance cavity is formed in the top of the sensor shell, first explosion-proof boxes are arranged on the two sides of the sensor shell, two groups of vibration detection cavities and temperature detection cavities are respectively arranged in the first explosion-proof boxes, the two sides of the maintenance cavity are communicated with the vibration detection cavities and the temperature detection cavities, vibration sensing elements are arranged in the vibration detection cavities, and temperature sensing elements are arranged in the temperature detection cavities; a maintenance assembly is used for moving the vibration sensing elements and the temperature sensing elements to a maintenance position in the maintenance cavity or respectively moving the vibration sensing elements and the temperature sensing elements to detection positions in the vibration detection cavities and the temperature detection cavities, so that the sensing elements can be calibrated or maintained without disassembling the explosion-proof box body, the explosion-proof sealing property of the sensor is maintained, the temperature sensing elements and the vibration sensing elements are coaxially arranged, and pcb boards are electrically connected with the vibration sensing elements, the temperature sensing elements and external signal lines.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of temperature and vibration detection equipment, and more particularly relates to a temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an efficient and convenient land transportation mode, the running state of the traction motor and the axle box bearing seat of the high-speed rail will affect the driving safety, and the temperature and vibration can reflect the health status of these components. Abnormal temperature may indicate bearing wear and winding aging, and excessive vibration may indicate component loosening and transmission failure. Therefore, it is necessary to collect real-time data of the two types of data through a composite sensor.

[0003] Currently, although sensors integrating temperature and vibration detection functions have appeared in the industry, such sensors focus on basic detection functions and have obvious limitations in adapting to the harsh operating environment of high-speed rail and the convenience of later operation and maintenance. It is difficult to balance detection accuracy, protection performance and maintenance efficiency, and cannot fully meet the high reliability requirements of high-speed rail for key component state monitoring. The temperature sensing element and the vibration sensing element of the traditional composite sensor are directly fixed in the explosion-proof box. When maintaining, the sealing structure of the explosion-proof box needs to be disassembled as a whole. Not only is the operation step many and time-consuming, but also the explosion-proof sealing property is easily damaged due to repeated disassembly and assembly, which causes rainwater and dust to penetrate into the box during later use, affecting the internal components or interfering with signal transmission. In addition, the composite sensor fills the temperature sensing element with temperature-conducting glue in the temperature detection cavity, but the temperature-conducting glue will expand and contract with the temperature rise during the operation of the high-speed rail, causing the temperature sensing element to be squeezed, resulting in the displacement of the element position or the damage of the structure. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the traditional composite sensor needs to disassemble the sealing structure of the explosion-proof box as a whole during maintenance, which damages the explosion-proof sealing property and makes the sensor susceptible to the external environment, and the temperature-conducting glue will expand and contract due to the temperature rise, causing the temperature sensing element to be squeezed.

[0005] The purpose and effect of the temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail of the present application are achieved by the following specific technical means:

[0006] A temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail, comprising:

[0007] The sensor shell is provided with an inspection cavity at the top, and two groups of first explosion-proof boxes are arranged on the two sides of the sensor shell, one of which is provided with a vibration detection cavity, and the other is provided with a temperature detection cavity; the two sides of the inspection cavity are communicated with the vibration detection cavity and the temperature detection cavity; a vibration sensing element is arranged in the vibration detection cavity, and a temperature sensing element is arranged in the temperature detection cavity;

[0008] The inspection assembly is installed in the inspection cavity and is used to move the vibration sensing element and the temperature sensing element to the inspection position in the inspection cavity or to the detection position in the vibration detection cavity and the temperature detection cavity respectively; the temperature sensing element and the vibration sensing element are coaxially arranged;

[0009] The pcb board is installed in the second explosion-proof box, and the pcb board is electrically connected with the vibration sensing element, the temperature sensing element and the external signal line respectively.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the inspection assembly comprises two groups of moving forks, and the inspection cavity is coaxially provided with two groups of moving forks in the ejection position or the retraction position; the non-adjacent sides of the two groups of moving forks are connected with the vibration sensing element and the temperature sensing element respectively; the two sides of the sensor shell are provided with a communication port corresponding to one end of the two groups of first explosion-proof boxes; the inspection cavity is communicated with the temperature detection cavity and the vibration detection cavity through the two communication ports;

[0011] A shielding cover is arranged in the vibration detection cavity, and a temperature-conducting glue is filled in the temperature detection cavity;

[0012] When the two groups of moving forks are in the ejection position, the two groups of moving forks are arranged in the vibration detection cavity and the temperature detection cavity through the two communication ports respectively; the vibration sensing element is arranged in the shielding cover, and the temperature sensing element is arranged in the temperature-conducting glue;

[0013] When the two groups of moving forks are in the retraction position, the two groups of moving forks do not pass through the two communication ports; the vibration sensing element and the temperature sensing element are both arranged in the inspection cavity.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, a buffer temperature-conducting sleeve is arranged between the temperature-conducting glue and the temperature sensing element; when the temperature sensing element is in the inspection position in the temperature detection cavity, the temperature sensing element is arranged in the buffer temperature-conducting sleeve; a plurality of axial temperature-conducting ribs are arranged on the inner side of the buffer temperature-conducting sleeve; the plurality of axial temperature-conducting ribs are distributed radially; and the plurality of axial temperature-conducting ribs surround the temperature sensing element.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, a shielding cover is arranged on one side of the moving fork close to the vibration sensing element; when the moving fork is in the ejection position, the shielding cover is arranged on the opening of one side of the shielding cover; and the inside of the shielding cover is isolated from the vibration detection cavity.

[0016] The top of the vibration sensing element is symmetrically provided with two groups of first connecting supports, and the shielding cover is provided with two groups of elastic sheets which abut against the inner wall of the vibration detection cavity on the side of the vibration sensing element when the moving fork is in the ejection position.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the maintenance assembly further comprises a driving gear for driving the moving fork to the ejection position or the retreat position, the bottom of the maintenance cavity is provided with two groups of bearing frames, a transmission cavity is formed between the two groups of bearing frames and the bottom of the maintenance cavity, the driving gear is located in the transmission cavity, the side adjacent to the two groups of moving forks is provided with a moving rack, and the two sides of the driving gear are respectively engaged with the two groups of moving racks.

[0018] The top and the bottom of the two groups of moving forks are provided with limiting grooves, the two groups of bearing frames are provided with limiting blocks, and the side adjacent to the two groups of limiting blocks is provided with a limiting claw parallel to the moving fork.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the top of the sensor shell is provided with a fixed cover, the fixed cover is provided with a driving handle located in the limiting position or the release position, the bottom end of the driving handle is provided with a connecting rod, the top of the fixed cover is provided with a through hole, the side adjacent to the two groups of bearing frames is provided with a through slot, and the bottom end of the connecting rod passes through the through hole and the through slot and is connected with the driving gear.

[0020] The top of the sensor shell is provided with a fixed cover, the fixed cover is provided with a driving handle located in the limiting position or the release position, the bottom end of the driving handle is provided with a connecting rod, the top of the fixed cover is provided with a through hole, the side adjacent to the two groups of bearing frames is provided with a through slot, and the bottom end of the connecting rod passes through the through hole and the through slot and is connected with the driving gear.

[0021] When the driving handle is located in the limiting position, one end of the pawl is engaged with the internal ratchet, so that the moving fork in the ejection position cannot move to the retreat position.

[0022] When the driving handle is located in the release position, one end of the pawl is not engaged with the internal ratchet, and the driving gear drives the moving fork to the ejection position or the retreat position.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the limiting seat is provided with a guide groove, the bottom end of the pawl is provided with a guide block, the guide groove and the guide block are slidably connected, the two groups of guide grooves are provided with sliding grooves, the two sides of the pawl are provided with sliding blocks, the sliding blocks and the sliding grooves are slidably connected, the side of the limiting seat corresponding to the two groups of sliding grooves is provided with a limiting plate, and the top of the pawl is further provided with a sliding plate which is slidably connected with the top of the limiting seat.

[0024] One end of the pawl is provided with a connecting groove, a spring is arranged in the guide groove, one end of the spring is in contact with the rectangular seat, and the other end is arranged in the connecting groove.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the pcb board is connected with the vibration sensing element and the temperature sensing element through two groups of wires on both sides respectively, four groups of wire arranging plates are arranged at the bottom of the maintenance cavity, two groups of wire arranging plates are arranged between the pcb board and the vibration sensing element, and the other two groups of wire arranging plates are arranged between the pcb board and the temperature sensing element, two groups of folding plates in unfolded or rolled states are slidingly arranged between the four groups of wire arranging plates, two groups of wire arranging grooves are formed between the four groups of wire arranging plates and the two groups of folding plates, and the two groups of wires are arranged in the two groups of wire arranging grooves respectively.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the top of the folding plate is connected with the bottom of the moving fork through the second connecting support, the moving fork is provided with a wire passing groove, and the wire passes through the wire passing groove.

[0027] When the moving fork is located at the ejection position, the folding plate is in an unfolded state, the wire arranging groove is not communicated with the maintenance cavity, and the wire is arranged in the wire arranging groove.

[0028] When the moving fork is located at the retreat position, the folding plate is in a rolled state, the wire arranging groove is communicated with the maintenance cavity, and the wire passes through the wire arranging groove and is arranged in the maintenance cavity.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, the sensor shell is provided with two groups of movable covers corresponding to the temperature sensing element and the vibration sensing element located at the maintenance position, the two groups of movable covers are located on both sides of the fixed cover respectively, the top of each movable cover is rotatably connected with a maintenance cover plate through a rotating seat, and a handle is arranged on the maintenance cover plate.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The two groups of moving forks of the maintenance assembly are used for moving and maintaining the sensing elements, in normal detection, the moving forks are located at the ejection position, the vibration sensing element and the temperature sensing element are located at the detection positions of the vibration detection cavity and the temperature detection cavity respectively, the sensor shell and the two groups of first explosion-proof boxes form a complete sealed structure, when maintenance is needed, the moving forks are retreated by operating the driving handle, and the two groups of sensing elements enter the maintenance cavity through the communication port, at this time, without disassembling any explosion-proof box body, the movable cover corresponding to the maintenance position at the top of the sensor shell is opened, the sensing elements can be calibrated or maintained, the maintenance can be completed without disassembling the explosion-proof structure, the problem of post-protection failure caused by traditional disassembly of the explosion-proof structure is avoided, the explosion-proof sealing property of the sensor is effectively maintained, and external environmental interference is avoided.

[0032] 2. When the temperature rises, the temperature sensing element is pressed by the expansion of the temperature guide glue, at this time the buffer temperature guide sleeve will absorb the expansion pressure by its elastic deformation, avoid the pressure directly acting on the temperature sensing element shell, prevent the element from position deviation or internal structure damage due to extrusion; when the temperature decreases, the buffer temperature guide sleeve will rebound with the cold shrink trend, keep contact with the temperature guide glue; at the same time, the radial distribution of the axial temperature guide convex rib on the inside of the buffer temperature guide sleeve can fit the temperature sensing element, ensure that the heat of the temperature guide glue can be transmitted to the temperature sensing element through the convex rib, avoid the interruption or delay of temperature transmission caused by the buffer structure.

[0033] 3. By setting the shielding cover, the shielding cover can isolate the strong electromagnetic interference generated by the high-speed rail traction system and the on-board communication equipment, prevent the interference signal from entering the vibration sensing element and affecting the detection data; when the moving fork is in the ejection position, the shielding cover on one side of the moving fork will be closed at the opening of the shielding cover, forming a closed space inside the shielding cover, further enhancing the anti-interference effect and ensuring the purity of the vibration signal; at the same time, the two groups of elastic sheets at the top and bottom of the vibration sensing element will abut against the inner wall of the vibration detection cavity on one side of the element when the moving fork is in the ejection position, cooperating with the limiting action of the shielding cover to ensure that the vibration sensing element is in close contact with the detection surface, avoiding the gap between the two caused by the long-term intense vibration of the high-speed rail, preventing the attenuation of the vibration signal and improving the reliability of the vibration detection.

[0034] 4. The setting of the drive gear and the two groups of moving racks, the drive gear is engaged with the moving racks of the two groups of moving forks, rotating the drive handle can drive the drive gear to rotate through the connecting rod, and then synchronously drive the two groups of moving forks to move to the ejection position or the retreat position, ensuring that the vibration sensing element and the temperature sensing element can enter the detection position or the maintenance position coaxially, avoiding the position deviation caused by manual adjustment. At the same time, when the drive handle is in the limit position, the pawl on the connecting rod will engage with the inner ratchet of the gear ring under the action of the spring, locking the rotating direction of the drive gear, preventing the drive gear from rotating by itself due to intense vibration during high-speed rail operation, and then avoiding the moving fork from moving from the ejection position to the retreat position, ensuring that the sensing element is always in a stable working state during the detection process without interrupting data collection.

[0035] 5. By setting the four groups of wire arranging plates and the two groups of folding plates, the wire arranging groove formed by the four groups of wire arranging plates and the two groups of folding plates at the bottom of the maintenance cavity can store the wires connected to the two groups of sensing elements, when the moving fork is in the ejection position, the folding plate moves with the moving fork and becomes unfolded, the wires are in the wire arranging groove, avoiding the friction between the wires and other components; when the moving fork retreats, the folding plate is rolled up synchronously, the wire arranging groove is deformed with the folding plate and communicates with the maintenance cavity, the wires can move to the maintenance cavity with the sensing elements, without winding or pulling, protecting the insulation layer of the wires from short circuit failure caused by insulation layer damage, without affecting the movement and electrical connection stability of the sensing elements, ensuring smooth signal transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the assembled application;

[0037] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the unfolded application;

[0038] Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the assembled sensor shell and two groups of first explosion-proof boxes in the application;

[0039] Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the disassembled sensor shell and two groups of first explosion-proof boxes in the application;

[0040] Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the assembled gear ring and two groups of bearing frames in the application;

[0041] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the disassembled gear ring and two groups of bearing frames in the application;

[0042] Figure 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the assembled moving fork and limiting block in the application;

[0043] Figure 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the disassembled moving fork and limiting block in the application;

[0044] Figure 9 is the structural schematic diagram of the disassembled gear ring and pawl in the application.

[0045] In the figure, the corresponding relationship between the component name and the figure number is:

[0046] 101, sensor housing; 102, maintenance cavity; 103, first explosion-proof box; 104, vibration detection cavity; 105, temperature detection cavity; 106, vibration sensing element; 107, temperature sensing element; 108, pcb board; 109, second explosion-proof box; 110, wire; 111, wire arrangement plate; 112, folding plate; 113, wire arrangement groove; 114, second connecting support; 115, threading through groove; 116, movable cover; 117, rotating seat; 118, maintenance cover plate; 119, handle; 201, moving fork; 202, communication port; 203, shielding cover; 204, temperature guide glue; 205, buffer temperature guide sleeve; 206, axial temperature guide rib; 207, shielding cover; 208, first connecting support; 209, elastic sheet; 210, driving gear; 211, bearing frame; 212, transmission cavity; 213, moving rack; 214, limiting groove; 215, limiting block; 216, limiting claw; 217, fixed cover; 218, driving handle; 219, connecting rod; 220, gear ring; 222, inner ratchet; 223, rectangular seat; 224, limiting seat; 225, ratchet claw; 226, inclined surface; 227, guide groove; 228, guide block; 229, sliding groove; 230, sliding block; 231, limiting plate; 232, sliding plate; 233, connecting groove; 234, spring; 235, fixed seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The embodiments of the present application will be further described in conjunction with the drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0048] Embodiment: as shown in the accompanying drawings: Figures 1 to 9

[0049] The present application provides a temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail, comprising:

[0050] ​The sensor shell 101 is provided with an inspection cavity 102 at the top of the sensor shell 101, and two groups of first explosion-proof boxes 103 are arranged on the two sides of the sensor shell 101 respectively. The first explosion-proof box 103 is made of cast aluminum material and has an IP67 protection level, which meets the explosion-proof requirements of high-speed rail equipment. One group of the first explosion-proof boxes 103 is provided with a vibration detection cavity 104, and the other group of the first explosion-proof boxes 103 is provided with a temperature detection cavity 105. The inspection cavity 102 is in communication with the vibration detection cavity 104 and the temperature detection cavity 105 respectively on the two sides. The vibration detection cavity 104 is provided with a vibration sensing element 106, and the temperature detection cavity 105 is provided with a temperature sensing element 107. An inspection assembly is installed in the inspection cavity 102. The inspection assembly is used to move the vibration sensing element 106 and the temperature sensing element 107 to an inspection position in the inspection cavity 102 or to a detection position in the vibration detection cavity 104 and the temperature detection cavity 105 respectively. The temperature sensing element 107 is coaxially arranged with the vibration sensing element 106. A pcb board 108 is arranged at the bottom of the sensor shell 101. The pcb board 108 is installed in a second explosion-proof box 109. The pcb board 108 is electrically connected with the vibration sensing element 106, the temperature sensing element 107 and external signal lines respectively, which helps the maintenance personnel to judge whether the motor has a fault. In actual use, when the sensor is installed on the high-speed rail axle box, the sensor shell 101 is first fixed on the axle box shell through the mounting base. The two groups of first explosion-proof boxes 103 are aligned with the vibration monitoring points and the temperature monitoring points of the axle box respectively. The vibration sensing element 106 enters the detection position of the vibration detection cavity 104, and the temperature sensing element 107 enters the detection position of the temperature detection cavity 105. At this time, the vibration sensing element 106 is attached to the vibration monitoring surface of the axle box, and the temperature sensing element 107 contacts the temperature monitoring surface of the axle box, and starts to collect data in real time.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the inspection assembly comprises two groups of moving forks 201. The inspection cavity 102 is coaxially provided with two groups of moving forks 201 in the ejection position or the retracted position. The non-adjacent sides of the two groups of moving forks 201 are connected with the vibration sensing element 106 and the temperature sensing element 107 respectively. The two sides of the sensor shell 101 are provided with a communication port 202 corresponding to one end of the two groups of first explosion-proof boxes 103. The inspection cavity 102 is in communication with the temperature detection cavity 105 and the vibration detection cavity 104 through the two groups of communication ports 202. The vibration detection cavity 104 is provided with a shielding cover 203, and the temperature detection cavity 105 is filled with temperature-conducting glue 204.

[0052] When the two sets of moving forks 201 are in the ejection position, the two sets of moving forks 201 pass through the two sets of communication openings 202 and are arranged in the vibration detection cavity 104 and the temperature detection cavity 105, the vibration sensing element 106 is arranged in the shielding cover 203, and the temperature sensing element 107 is arranged in the temperature-conducting glue 204; when the two sets of moving forks 201 are in the retreat position, the two sets of moving forks 201 do not pass through the two sets of communication openings 202, and the vibration sensing element 106 and the temperature sensing element 107 are both arranged in the maintenance cavity 102.

[0053] Specifically, in the high-speed rail daily operation detection scene, the two sets of moving forks 201 of the maintenance assembly are used to realize the movement and maintenance of the sensing elements: in normal detection, the operator rotates the driving handle at the top of the sensor shell 101, the driving handle drives the driving gear to rotate through the connecting rod, the driving gear is engaged with the moving rack of the moving fork 201, and then the two sets of moving forks 201 are pushed to move to the ejection position, until the vibration sensing element 106 completely enters the detection position of the vibration detection cavity 104 and the temperature sensing element 107 completely enters the detection position of the temperature detection cavity 105, at this time, the sensor shell 101, the two sets of first explosion-proof boxes 103 and the second explosion-proof box 109 form a complete sealed structure, which can resist the invasion of external pollutants such as rainwater and dust; for example, when detecting the high-speed rail axle box bearing, the vibration sensing element 106 enters the vibration detection cavity 104 and adheres to the vibration transmission surface of the axle box bearing, the shielding cover 203 isolates the electromagnetic interference of the vehicle-mounted communication equipment, and ensures that the micro vibration anomaly of the bearing can be accurately captured; after the temperature sensing element 107 enters the temperature detection cavity 105, the temperature-conducting glue 204 quickly transfers the heat of the axle box to the element, and the bearing temperature is monitored in real time. When it is necessary to calibrate and maintain the sensing elements, the operator reversely rotates the driving handle, the driving gear drives the moving rack to make the moving fork 201 retreat, and the two sets of sensing elements enter the maintenance position in the maintenance cavity 102 through the communication opening 202, at this time, without disassembling any explosion-proof box body, only by holding the handle of the movable cover at the top of the sensor shell 101, the maintenance cover plate is turned over by rotating the seat, the sensitivity of the vibration sensing element 106 can be directly calibrated, and the precision of the temperature sensing element 107 can be directly checked, the whole process will not damage the sealing property of the explosion-proof structure, avoids the problem that the traditional disassembly of the explosion-proof box leads to the failure of the later protection, effectively maintains the explosion-proof performance and environmental adaptability of the sensor, and ensures that the sensor can still stably detect the operation state of the key components of the high-speed rail when it is put into use again.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the temperature guide glue 204 and the temperature sensing element 107 are provided with a buffer temperature guide sleeve 205, which is made of fluororubber material and has high elasticity and thermal conductivity, and is suitable for the temperature difference change of the temperature detection cavity 105 in high-speed rail operation. The inner diameter of the buffer temperature guide sleeve 205 is adapted to the outer diameter of the temperature sensing element 107. When the temperature sensing element 107 is located at the maintenance position in the temperature detection cavity 105, the temperature sensing element 107 is arranged in the buffer temperature guide sleeve 205. The buffer temperature guide sleeve 205 is integrally formed with a plurality of axial temperature guide ribs 206 on the inner side. The plurality of axial temperature guide ribs 206 are distributed in a radial manner, and the adjacent ribs have consistent spacing, covering the 360° range of the temperature sensing element 107. The plurality of axial temperature guide ribs 206 surround the temperature sensing element 107.

[0055] Specifically, in the high-speed rail axle box bearing temperature monitoring scene, when the axle box bearing generates heat during work, the temperature will be transferred to the temperature detection cavity 105, causing the temperature guide glue 204 in the cavity to expand under heat: After the expansion of the temperature guide glue 204, pressure will be applied to the temperature sensing element 107. At this time, the buffer temperature guide sleeve 205 will be elastically deformed in the radial direction due to the pressure, and the expansion pressure of the temperature guide glue 204 will be absorbed through the stretching and contracting characteristics of the material itself, so as to avoid the pressure directly acting on the shell of the temperature sensing element 107. After the high-speed rail stops running, the temperature of the axle box decreases, and the temperature guide glue 204 cools and shrinks with the decrease in temperature. At this time, the buffer temperature guide sleeve 205 will elastically rebound through itself, and push the temperature guide glue 204 to always adhere to the axial temperature guide ribs 206, so as to avoid the gap between the temperature guide glue 204 and the temperature sensing element 107 after the cooling and shrinking of the temperature guide glue 204. At the same time, the radial distribution of the axial temperature guide ribs 206 on the inner side of the buffer temperature guide sleeve 205 can adhere to the temperature sensing element 107, and the heat absorbed by the temperature guide glue 204 will first be transferred to the buffer temperature guide sleeve 205, and then be quickly conducted to the temperature sensing element 107 through the axial temperature guide ribs 206.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 6As shown, the side of the moving fork 201 close to the vibration sensing element 106 is fixed with a shielding cover 207 by a screw, and the edge of the shielding cover 207 is pasted with conductive foam, which can fill the gap between the shielding cover 207 and the shielding cover 203, and enhance the sealing shielding effect. When the moving fork 201 is in the ejection position, the opening on one side of the shielding cover 203 is covered with the shielding cover 207, the inside of the shielding cover 203 is isolated from the vibration detection cavity 104, forming an independent anti-interference space, avoiding external electromagnetic signals from entering, and two groups of first connecting brackets 208 are symmetrically arranged on the top and bottom of the vibration sensing element 106, and two groups of elastic sheets 209 are fixed on one side of the vibration sensing element 106 by rivets when the moving fork 201 is in the ejection position, which abut against the inner wall of the vibration detection cavity 104. The elastic sheet 209 is made of beryllium copper material, has high elastic recovery force and fatigue resistance, and can withstand long-term vibration impact without failure, and one end of the two groups of elastic sheets 209 is connected with the two groups of first connecting brackets 208 by screws.

[0057] Specifically, in the high-speed rail traction motor vibration monitoring scene, the shield cover 203 in the vibration detection cavity 104 can directly isolate the strong electromagnetic interference generated by the high-speed rail traction system and the vehicle-mounted communication equipment. The shield cover 203 can block the interference signal outside through the electromagnetic induction principle of metal material, and prevent it from intruding into the vibration sensing element 106; when the operator pushes the moving fork 201 to the ejection position through the driving handle, the moving fork 201 will drive the shielding cover 207 to move synchronously until the shielding cover 207 is completely covered at the opening of the shielding cover 203. At this time, the conductive foam at the edge of the shielding cover 207 will be deformed by extrusion, filling the small gap between them, so that a completely closed space is formed inside the shielding cover 203, further enhancing the anti-interference effect and ensuring the purity of the signal collected by the vibration sensing element 106; at the same time, during the ejection process of the moving fork 201, the two groups of elastic sheets 209 at the top and bottom of the vibration sensing element 106 will gradually contact the inner wall of the vibration detection cavity 104 as the element moves. When the moving fork 201 reaches the ejection position, the elastic sheet 209 will be elastically deformed due to the extrusion of the cavity wall, and the detection end of the vibration sensing element 106 will be tightly abutted on the detection surface of the inner wall of the vibration detection cavity 104 through the elastic force of the elastic sheet 209, cooperating with the lateral limiting of the shielding cover 203 to the vibration sensing element 106, ensuring that the element is always attached to the detection surface. The side of the moving fork 201 close to the vibration sensing element 106 is provided with a shielding cover 207, and when the moving fork 201 is located at the ejection position, the opening at one side of the shielding cover 203 is covered with the shielding cover 207, and the inside of the shielding cover 203 is isolated from the vibration detection cavity 104; the top and bottom of the vibration sensing element 106 are symmetrically provided with two groups of first connecting brackets 208, and the side of the shielding cover 207 is provided with two groups of elastic sheets 209 abutting on the inner wall of the vibration detection cavity 104 on one side of the vibration sensing element 106 when the moving fork 201 is located at the ejection position. One end of the two groups of elastic sheets 209 is connected with the two groups of first connecting brackets 208 respectively, avoiding the gap at the attachment caused by the long-term severe vibration of the high-speed rail, preventing the attenuation of the vibration signal, and improving the reliability of the vibration detection.

[0058] Please refer to Figure 8As shown, the maintenance assembly further comprises a drive gear 210 for driving the moving fork 201 to the ejection position or the retracted position; the bottom of the maintenance cavity 102 is fixed with two sets of bearing frames 211 by screws, and a transmission cavity 212 is formed between the bottom of the maintenance cavity 102 and the two sets of bearing frames 211, and the drive gear 210 is located in the transmission cavity 212; one side of each of the two sets of moving forks 201 is fixed with a moving rack 213 by a screw, the moving rack 213 extends along the length direction of the moving fork 201, the pitch is consistent with the drive gear 210, and the engagement transmission is stable; the top and the bottom of each of the two sets of moving forks 201 are provided with a rectangular limiting groove 214, and the two sets of bearing frames 211 are fixed with a limiting block 215 by a screw, and one side of each of the two sets of limiting blocks 215 is integrally formed with a limiting claw 216 parallel to the moving fork 201, and the two sets of limiting grooves 214 on the moving fork 201 are slidably connected with the limiting claw 216.

[0059] Specifically, in the high-speed rail sensor installation and debugging scene, the operator needs to drive the moving fork 201 by cooperating the drive gear 210 with the moving rack 213: when the vibration sensing element 106 and the temperature sensing element 107 need to be sent to the detection position, the operator rotates the drive handle at the top of the sensor shell 101, the drive handle drives the drive gear 210 in the transmission cavity 212 to rotate clockwise through the connecting rod, the drive gear 210 is engaged with the two sets of moving racks 213 on both sides, and then the two sets of moving racks 213 drive the moving fork 201 to move away from the drive gear 210, until the moving fork 201 passes through the communication port 202 and enters the vibration detection cavity 104 and the temperature detection cavity 105, at this time, the vibration sensing element 106 and the temperature sensing element 107 reach the detection position respectively; when the sensing element needs to be maintained, the drive handle is rotated in the opposite direction, the drive gear 210 rotates counterclockwise, pulls the two sets of moving racks 213 to drive the moving fork 201 to move to the retracted position, until the moving fork 201 is completely retracted into the maintenance cavity 102. In this process, the limiting grooves 214 at the top and the bottom of the moving fork 201 slide along the limiting claws 216 of the limiting blocks 215 in the bearing frames 211, and the limiting claws 216 can limit the moving direction of the moving fork 201, preventing it from being offset up and down or tilted left and right during high-speed rail vibration or transmission.

[0060] As shown in Figure 9 The top of the sensor shell 101 is provided with a fixed cover 217, the fixed cover 217 is provided with a drive handle 218 located at the limiting position or the release position, the bottom end of the drive handle 218 is provided with a connecting rod 219, the top of the fixed cover 217 is provided with a through hole, one side of each of the two sets of bearing frames 211 is provided with a through slot, and the bottom end of the connecting rod 219 passes through the through hole and the through slot and is connected with the drive gear 210;

[0061] The two groups of bearing frames 211 are provided with gear rings 220 above, the gear rings 220 are provided with fixed seats 235 on both sides and are connected with the two groups of bearing frames 211, the inner side of the gear ring 220 is provided with an internal ratchet 222, the connecting rod 219 is provided with a rectangular seat 223, the rectangular seat 223 is provided with four groups of limiting seats 224 on the side, the four groups of limiting seats 224 are slidably connected with a ratchet pawl 225, and the bottom of the ratchet pawl 225 is provided with an inclined surface 226;

[0062] When the driving handle 218 is located at the limiting position, one end of the ratchet pawl 225 is engaged with the internal ratchet 222, so that the moving fork 201 located at the ejection position cannot move to the retreat position;

[0063] When the driving handle 218 is located at the release position, one end of the ratchet pawl 225 is not engaged with the internal ratchet 222, and the driving gear 210 drives the moving fork 201 to the ejection position or the retreat position.

[0064] Specifically, the driving gear is provided with two groups of moving racks, the driving gear is engaged with the moving rack of the two groups of moving forks, the driving handle is rotated to drive the driving gear to rotate through the connecting rod, and then the two groups of moving forks are synchronously driven to move to the ejection position or the retreat position, so that the vibration sensing element and the temperature sensing element can enter the detection position or the maintenance position coaxially, and the position deviation caused by manual adjustment is avoided. At the same time, when the driving handle is located at the limiting position, the ratchet on the connecting rod is engaged with the internal ratchet of the gear ring under the action of the spring, the rotating direction of the driving gear is locked, the driving gear is prevented from rotating automatically in the high-speed rail operation due to severe vibration, and then the moving fork is prevented from moving from the ejection position to the retreat position, so that the sensing element can always be in a stable working state during the detection process, and the data acquisition is not interrupted.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 9As shown, the top of the sensor shell 101 is fixed with a fixed cover 217 by bolts, and the edge is pasted with an oil-resistant explosion-proof sealing ring to ensure the sealing after the sensor shell 101 is attached. The fixed cover 217 is provided with a driving handle 218 located in the limiting position or the release position. The bottom end of the driving handle 218 is connected with a connecting rod 219 through a screw. A circular through hole is formed in the top of the fixed cover 217, and a wear-resistant bushing is arranged on the inner wall of the through hole to reduce the friction when the connecting rod 219 rotates. Adjacent sides of the two groups of bearing frames 211 are provided with through grooves, and the width of the through grooves is slightly larger than the diameter of the connecting rod 219 to ensure that the connecting rod 219 can smoothly pass through and drive the driving gear 210 to rotate. The bottom end of the connecting rod 219 is connected with the center rotating shaft of the driving gear 210 through the through hole and the through groove; the two groups of bearing frames 211 are fixed with a gear ring 220 through screws above them. The gear ring 220 is provided with a fixed seat 235 on both sides, and the fixed seat 235 is connected with the two groups of bearing frames 211 through screws respectively to ensure that the position of the gear ring 220 is fixed. The inner side of the gear ring 220 is uniformly distributed with inner ratchet teeth 222. A rectangular seat 223 is arranged on the connecting rod 219, and four groups of limiting seats 224 are arranged on the circumferential side of the rectangular seat 223. A ratchet pawl 225 is slidingly connected on the four groups of limiting seats 224. An inclined surface 226 is arranged on the bottom of the ratchet pawl 225. A spring is further arranged in the limiting seat 224. One end of the spring is in contact with the rectangular seat 223, and the other end is connected with the ratchet pawl 225 to provide the ratchet pawl 225 with elastic force in the direction of the gear ring 220. When the driving handle 218 is located in the limiting position, one end of the ratchet pawl 225 is engaged with the inner ratchet teeth 222 under the action of the spring elastic force. The straight side of the inner ratchet teeth 222 blocks the reverse movement of the ratchet pawl 225, so that the moving fork 201 located in the ejection position cannot move to the retreat position. When the driving handle 218 is located in the release position, the operator pulls the driving handle 218 upward, drives the connecting rod 219 and the rectangular seat 223 to move upward, and makes one end of the ratchet pawl 225 disengage from the inner ratchet teeth 222. At this time, one end of the ratchet pawl 225 is not engaged with the inner ratchet teeth 222, and the driving gear 210 can freely rotate to drive the moving fork 201 to the ejection position or the retreat position.

[0066] Specifically, in the daily detection operation of the high-speed rail sensor, the cooperation of the driving gear 210 and the two groups of moving racks 213 can realize the synchronous driving of the moving fork 201. When it is needed to send the vibration sensing element 106 and the temperature sensing element 107 to the detection position, the operator holds the driving handle 218 and rotates it clockwise. The driving handle 218 drives the driving gear 210 to rotate through the connecting rod 219. The driving gear 210 is meshed with the moving racks 213 of the two groups of moving forks 201 on both sides, and then synchronously pushes the two groups of moving racks 213 to drive the moving fork 201 to move to the ejection position. When the moving fork 201 reaches the ejection position, the operator releases the driving handle 218. Under the action of the spring elastic force, one end of the pawl 225 is meshed with the inner ratchet teeth 222 of the gear ring 220. At this time, the driving handle 218 is in the limit position. The meshing structure of the pawl 225 and the inner ratchet teeth 222 will lock the rotating direction of the driving gear 210. When it is needed to overhaul the sensing element, the operator pulls up the driving handle 218 to the release position, so that the pawl 225 is disengaged from the inner ratchet teeth 222, and then rotates the driving handle 218 counterclockwise. The moving fork 201 can be driven to retreat to the maintenance cavity 102 through the meshing of the driving gear 210 and the moving rack 213. The whole process does not need to disassemble other structures, and the operation is convenient and can guarantee the stability of the detection process.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the pcb board 108 is connected with the vibration sensing element 106 and the temperature sensing element 107 through two groups of wires 110 on both sides. The wire 110 is a shielded wire, wrapped with insulating rubber on the outside, and provided with a copper core and a shielding net inside, which can reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference on signal transmission. Four groups of wire arrangement plates 111 are fixed at the bottom of the maintenance cavity 102 by screws, and are symmetrically distributed. Two groups of wire arrangement plates 111 are located between the pcb board 108 and the vibration sensing element 106, and the other two groups of wire arrangement plates 111 are located between the pcb board 108 and the temperature sensing element 107. Two groups of folding plates 112 are slidingly arranged between the four groups of wire arrangement plates 111, which are unfolded or rolled up. The two ends of the folding plate 112 are connected with the adjacent wire arrangement plate 111 through buckles, and can drive the wire arrangement plate 111 to slide slightly with the movement of the moving fork 201. Two groups of closed wire arrangement grooves 113 are formed between the four groups of wire arrangement plates 111 and the two groups of folding plates 112. The two groups of wires 110 are arranged in the two groups of wire arrangement grooves 113, and do not directly contact other components in the maintenance cavity 102.

[0068] Specifically, during the operation of the high-speed rail sensor, the wire arranging groove 113 formed by the four groups of wire arranging plates 111 and the two groups of folding plates 112 can realize the orderly storage and dynamic adaptation of the wires 110: when the moving fork 201 is located at the ejection position, the moving fork 201 moves towards the vibration detection cavity 104 and the temperature detection cavity 105, driving the folding plates 112 to expand synchronously, and the folding plates 112 close to the vibration sensing element 106 are stretched along with the moving fork 201, so that the folding plates 112 are elongated along the moving direction, and the wires 110 are located in the wire arranging groove 113; when the sensing element needs to be repaired, the moving fork 201 moves to the retreat position, driving the folding plates 112 to wind synchronously, and the folding plates 112 are bent along the flexible folds thereof, so that the wire arranging groove 113 is shortened along with the deformation of the folding plates 112, and at the same time, the wire arranging groove 113 is communicated with the repair cavity 102, the wires 110 enter the repair cavity 102 together with the vibration sensing element 106 and the temperature sensing element 107, without winding or pulling, protecting the insulation layer of the wires to prevent short circuit failure caused by damage to the insulation layer, without affecting the movement and electrical connection stability of the sensing element, and ensuring smooth signal transmission.

[0069] Please refer to FIGS. 1-3 Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the top of the folding plate 112 is connected with the bottom of the moving fork 201 through the second connecting bracket 114, and the moving fork 201 is provided with a wire passing groove 115, and the wires 110 pass through the wire passing groove 115; when the moving fork 201 is located at the ejection position, the folding plate 112 is in an expanded state, the wire arranging groove 113 is not communicated with the repair cavity 102, and the wires 110 are arranged in the wire arranging groove 113; when the moving fork 201 is located at the retreat position, the folding plate 112 is in a winding state, the wire arranging groove 113 is communicated with the repair cavity 102, and the wires 110 pass through the wire arranging groove 113 and are arranged in the repair cavity 102.

[0070] The temperature sensing element 107 and the vibration sensing element 106 located at the repair position at the top of the sensor shell 101 are provided with two groups of movable covers 116, the two groups of movable covers 116 are located on both sides of the fixed cover 217, and the top of each movable cover 116 is rotatably connected with a repair cover plate 118 through a rotating seat 117, and the repair cover plate 118 is provided with a handle 119.

[0071] Please refer to FIGS. 1-3 Figure 7 and Figure 8 Figure 7 Figure 8As shown, the top of the folding plate 112 is connected with the bottom of the moving fork 201 through the second connecting bracket 114, the moving fork 201 is provided with a threading groove 115 along the length direction, after the one end of the lead wire 110 is connected with the vibration sensing element 106 or the temperature sensing element 107, the lead wire 110 passes through the threading groove 115 and is connected with the pcb board 108, the threading groove 115 can limit the position of the lead wire 110 when the moving fork 201 moves, avoiding the friction between the lead wire 110 and the edge of the moving fork 201; when the moving fork 201 is located at the ejection position, the moving fork 201 moves towards the vibration detection cavity 104 or the temperature detection cavity 105, and drives the folding plate 112 to stretch synchronously through the second connecting bracket 114, at this time, the folding plate 112 is in an unfolded state and is completely laid on the bottom of the maintenance cavity 102, the four groups of wire arranging plates 111 and the wire arranging groove 113 enclosed by the folding plate 112 are in a closed state and are not communicated with the maintenance cavity 102, the lead wire 110 is completely wrapped in the wire arranging groove 113 and does not contact with the driving gear 210, the bearing frame 211 and other components in the maintenance cavity 102, when the high-speed rail traction motor is in normal operation, the closed state can prevent the lead wire 110 from being worn and torn due to the collision with other components caused by high-speed rail vibration, and ensures the stability of signal transmission; when the moving fork 201 is located at the retreat position, the moving fork 201 moves towards the center of the maintenance cavity 102, and pulls the folding plate 112 to contract synchronously through the second connecting bracket 114, the folding plate 112 is bent along the flexible folding line and is in a rolled state, the wire arranging groove 113 appears an opening along with the rolling of the folding plate 112, and is communicated with the maintenance cavity 102, the lead wire 110 enters the maintenance cavity 102 through the opening of the wire arranging groove 113 along with the retreat of the moving fork 201, and always maintains an orderly state and will not be tangled or pulled, when the temperature sensing element 107 is calibrated in precision, the lead wire 110 can enter the maintenance cavity 102 along with the element, and does not affect the calibration operation. Two rectangular openings are formed in the top of the sensor shell 101 corresponding to the temperature sensing element 107 and the vibration sensing element 106 located at the maintenance position, two groups of movable covers 116 are installed at the openings, and the two groups of movable covers 116 are located on both sides of the fixed cover 217 and correspond to the two sensing elements located at the maintenance position one by one; the maintenance cover plate 118 is rotationally connected to the top of the two groups of movable covers 116 through the rotating seat 117, the handle 119 is fixed on the maintenance cover plate 118 through screws, when the sensing element needs to be maintained, the operator holds the handle 119 and pulls it upwards, the maintenance cover plate 118 is turned over and opened through the rotating seat 117, and then the movable cover 116 is lifted upwards, so that the vibration sensing element 106 or the temperature sensing element 107 located at the maintenance position can be directly contacted, after the maintenance is completed, the movable cover 116 is closed to seal, and then the maintenance cover plate 118 is turned over and closed through the rotating seat 117, so that the maintenance cavity 102 returns to the closed state, and the dust and rain outside is prevented from entering.

[0072] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail, characterized in that, include: The sensor housing has a maintenance cavity on the top and two sets of first explosion-proof boxes on both sides. One set of first explosion-proof boxes contains a vibration detection cavity and the other set of first explosion-proof boxes contains a temperature detection cavity. The maintenance cavity is connected to the vibration detection cavity and the temperature detection cavity on both sides. The vibration detection cavity contains a vibration sensing element and the temperature detection cavity contains a temperature sensing element. The maintenance assembly is installed inside the maintenance chamber. The maintenance assembly is used to move the vibration sensing element and the temperature sensing element to the maintenance position inside the maintenance chamber, or to the detection position inside the vibration detection chamber and the temperature detection chamber, respectively. The temperature sensing element and the vibration sensing element are arranged coaxially. The maintenance assembly includes two sets of moving forks. Two sets of moving forks located in the ejection or retraction position are coaxially arranged inside the maintenance cavity. The non-adjacent sides of the two sets of moving forks are respectively connected to a vibration sensing element and a temperature sensing element. The maintenance assembly also includes a drive gear for driving the moving forks to the ejection or retraction position. Two sets of support frames are provided at the bottom of the maintenance cavity. A transmission cavity is formed between the two sets of support frames and the bottom of the maintenance cavity. The drive gear is located in the transmission cavity. Moving racks are provided on the adjacent sides of the two sets of moving forks. The two sides of the drive gear mesh with the two sets of moving racks respectively. Both sets of moving forks have limit grooves at the top and bottom, and both sets of bearing frames have limit blocks. Each set of limit blocks has a limit claw parallel to the moving fork on one side adjacent to it. The two sets of limit grooves on the moving fork are slidably connected to the limit claws. The PCB board has a second explosion-proof box at the bottom of the sensor housing. The PCB board is installed in the second explosion-proof box and is electrically connected to the vibration sensing element, temperature sensing element and external signal lines.

2. The temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor housing has corresponding communication ports on both sides and one end of the two sets of the first explosion-proof boxes. The maintenance chamber is connected to the temperature detection chamber and the vibration detection chamber through the two sets of communication ports. The vibration detection chamber is equipped with a shielding cover, and the temperature detection chamber is filled with thermally conductive adhesive. When the two sets of moving forks are in the top position, the two sets of moving forks pass through the two sets of connecting ports and are installed in the vibration detection chamber and temperature detection chamber respectively. The vibration sensing element is located inside the shielding cover, and the temperature sensing element passes through the thermal conductive adhesive. When the two sets of moving forks are in the retracted position, the two sets of moving forks do not pass through the two sets of connecting ports, and the vibration sensing element and temperature sensing element are both located in the inspection cavity.

3. A temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail according to claim 2, characterized in that: A buffer thermal conductive sleeve is provided between the thermal conductive adhesive and the temperature sensing element. When the temperature sensing element is in the maintenance position inside the temperature detection cavity, the temperature sensing element is inserted into the buffer thermal conductive sleeve. Multiple sets of axial thermal conductive protrusions are provided on the inner side of the buffer thermal conductive sleeve. The multiple sets of axial thermal conductive protrusions are radially distributed and surround the temperature sensing element.

4. A temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail according to claim 3, characterized in that: A shielding cover is provided on the side of the moving fork near the vibration sensing element. When the moving fork is in the top position, the shielding cover is provided at the opening on one side of the shielding cover, and the inside of the shielding cover is isolated from the vibration detection chamber. Two sets of first connecting brackets are symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom of the vibration sensing element. Two sets of springs are arranged on one side of the shielding cover so that when the moving fork is in the top position, one side of the vibration sensing element abuts against the inner wall of the vibration detection cavity. One end of each set of springs is connected to one of the two sets of first connecting brackets.

5. A temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor housing has a fixed cover on the top, and a drive handle located in the limit or release position is provided on the fixed cover. A connecting rod is provided at the bottom of the drive handle. A through hole is provided on the top of the fixed cover. A through groove is provided on the adjacent side of the two sets of support frames. The bottom of the connecting rod passes through the through hole and the through groove and connects to the drive gear. A toothed ring is provided above the two sets of bearing frames. Fixed seats are provided on both sides of the toothed ring to connect with the two sets of bearing frames. An internal ratchet is provided on the inner side of the toothed ring. A rectangular seat is provided on the connecting rod. Four sets of limiting seats are provided around the rectangular seat. A pawl is slidably connected to the four sets of limiting seats. An inclined surface is provided at the bottom of the pawl. When the drive handle is in the restricted position, one end of the pawl engages with the inner ratchet, preventing the moving fork in the ejected position from moving to the retracted position. When the drive handle is in the release position, one end of the pawl is not engaged with the internal ratchet, and the drive gear drives the moving fork to the top or back position.

6. A temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting seat is provided with a guide groove, and the bottom of the pawl is provided with a guide block. The guide groove and the guide block are slidably connected. Both sets of guide grooves are provided with sliding grooves. Both sides of the pawl are provided with sliding blocks. The sliding blocks are slidably connected with the sliding grooves. One side of the limiting seat is provided with a limiting plate corresponding to the two sets of sliding grooves. The top of the pawl is also provided with a sliding plate. The sliding plate is slidably connected with the top of the limiting seat. One end of the pawl has a connecting groove, and a spring is installed in the guide groove. One end of the spring contacts the rectangular seat, and the other end passes through the connecting groove.

7. A temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail according to claim 2, characterized in that: The PCB board is connected to the vibration sensing element and the temperature sensing element on both sides by two sets of wires. Four sets of cable trays are installed at the bottom of the inspection chamber. Two sets of cable trays are located between the PCB board and the vibration sensing element, and the other two sets of cable trays are located between the PCB board and the temperature sensing element. Two sets of folding plates that can be unfolded or rolled up are slidably installed between the four sets of cable trays. Two sets of cable trays are formed between the four sets of cable trays and the two sets of folding plates. The two sets of wires are respectively passed through the two sets of cable trays.

8. A temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the folding plate is connected to the bottom of the moving fork via a second connecting bracket. A wire through slot is provided on the moving fork, through which the wire passes. When the moving fork is in the top position, the folding plate is unfolded, the cable tray is not connected to the maintenance cavity, and the wires are run through the cable tray. When the moving fork is in the retracted position, the folding plate is rolled up, the cable tray is connected to the maintenance cavity, and the wires pass through the cable tray and are installed in the maintenance cavity.

9. A temperature and vibration composite sensor for high-speed rail according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the sensor housing is equipped with two sets of movable covers corresponding to the temperature sensing element and vibration sensing element located in the maintenance position. The two sets of movable covers are located on both sides of the fixed cover. The top of each set of movable covers is rotatably connected to a maintenance cover plate via a rotating seat. The maintenance cover plate is equipped with a handle.

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