Discrete cemented filling mining method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining of metal ore deposits, and relates to a discrete cemented filling mining method which comprises the following steps: step 1, arranging a filling roadway above a caving space; 2, a filling pipeline and a monitoring hole are constructed downwards in the caving space through the filling roadway; 3, partial stoping is carried out on the sections to enlarge the caving space, so that the rock mass above the caving space is caved, and then a discrete body and a free space are formed in the caving space; 4, filling slurry is injected into the bulk solids in the caving space through the filling pipeline according to the monitoring result of the monitoring hole on the caving space and the bulk solids; and 5, stopping the mining operation of the subsections, waiting for filling slurry to solidify the discrete body, and continuing to stoping the rest part of the subsections to complete the mining operation of the subsections. According to the monitoring result of the caving space, the filling slurry is injected into the discrete body through the filling pipeline, so that the filling operation and the stoping operation are synchronously carried out, and the mining efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of underground mining of metal deposits, and particularly relates to a mining method of granular cemented filling. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the largest industrial manufacturing country in the world, China has a huge demand for metal mineral resources such as iron, copper, and aluminum. However, with the depletion of shallow resources, some mines in China are gradually entering the sequence of deep-seated ore body mining, and the number of deep-seated ore body mining mines will continue to increase. For deep-seated ore bodies, there are usually two mining schemes: caving method and traditional filling method.

[0003] Among them, the caving method, although high in mining efficiency, will cause a large range of surface rock movement and a large-scale downward collapse of the surface, affecting the safety of the surface. At the same time, it will also lead to a large amount of tailings accumulation on the surface, which is difficult to meet the current strict green environmental protection requirements. The filling method is affected by the stability of the rock mass and high ground stress, making it difficult to form a stope, which limits the improvement of production efficiency. Further, the filling method needs to be mined in steps. Step mining mainly divides the ore blocks of the same section (same height) into intervalled ore rooms and ore pillars, and then mines in two steps: first, the ore room is mined, and after the ore room is mined, the ore room is filled (first filling), and after the first filling body meets the strength, the ore pillar is mined. After the completion of the ore pillar mining, the ore pillar is filled (second filling). In the process of mining the ore pillar, the roof and surrounding rock are completely supported by the filling body (first filling) of the intervalled ore room, so the first filling body must reach the target strength (theoretically 24 days of filling body to meet the target strength) before mining. Therefore, the mining process and the filling process of the filling method are mutually restricted, and cannot be continuously mined, resulting in relatively low production efficiency. Moreover, when a section is completed, additional excavation and corresponding laying of filling pipelines are required for the next section (such as a section lower than the previous section), resulting in higher production costs.

[0004] In addition, for broken ore bodies with worse conditions, the ore body is more prone to cracking, the ore body is softer, and the ore body is more prone to caving, etc. The existing technology generally adopts technical schemes such as roadway reinforcement support, stope pre-control roof anchor support, or downward filling method, which can realize normal mining under such ore body conditions to a certain extent. However, due to the increase in a large amount of support engineering, the production cost is too high, which seriously restricts the mining range of deep-seated ore bodies, making it impossible to economically and efficiently mine low-grade ore bodies.

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a mining method of granular cemented filling. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a mining method of cemented filling of bulk material, which further solves the technical problems that the existing caving method is easy to cause surface subsidence for deep buried ore body; the filling method has long waiting time due to step-by-step mining, which leads to extremely low production efficiency and high production cost, and seriously restricts the effective mining of deep buried ore body, so that the low-grade ore body cannot be economically and efficiently mined.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a mining method of cemented filling of bulk material, comprising: Step 1: setting a filling lane above the caving space; Step 2: constructing a filling pipe and a monitoring hole downwardly in the caving space through the filling lane; Step 3: partially mining the section to expand the caving space, so that the rock mass above the caving space caving, and then forming bulk material and free space in the caving space; Step 4: according to the monitoring results of the caving space and the bulk material by the monitoring hole, injecting the filling slurry into the bulk material in the caving space through the filling pipe; Step 5: stopping the mining operation of the section, waiting for the bulk material to be consolidated by the filling slurry, and then continuing to mine the remaining part of the section to complete the mining operation of the section.

[0008] Optionally, after step 5, further comprising: step 6: when the caving space continues to expand after completing the mining operation of each section, repeating steps 3 to 5 to complete the mining operation of the next section.

[0009] Optionally, in the case that the span of the caving space is determined, the height difference between the top of the caving space after caving and the filling lane is not less than 100m.

[0010] Optionally, the setting direction of the filling lane is the direction where the maximum span of the caving space is located; the number of the filling lane is at least one; and the distance between the monitoring hole and the filling pipe in the same filling lane is not less than 10m.

[0011] Optionally, when the filling lane is multiple, the transverse diffusion range between adjacent filling lanes has an overlapping area of 20%.

[0012] Optionally, the number of the filling pipe is at least one; when the filling pipe is one, the position of the filling pipe is located at the highest point of the caving arch of the caving space; and when the filling pipe is multiple, the position of the filling pipe is located in the caving space, and the highest point of the caving arch corresponding to the filling pipe in the longitudinal section.

[0013] Optionally, in step 4, the filling of the slurry into the caving space through the filling pipeline is in a step-by-step filling manner, when 30%-40% of the partial mining is completed in sections, a free space is formed in the caving space, and the low-concentration filling slurry is used first; after waiting for 12 hours, the high-concentration filling slurry is used.

[0014] Optionally, the mass concentration of the low-concentration filling slurry is 60%-70%; and the mass concentration of the high-concentration filling slurry is 70%-80%.

[0015] Optionally, in step 5, the remaining part of the section continues to be mined, and the mining is stopped when the mining amount reaches 55%-65%.

[0016] Optionally, the filling amount of the slurry of each section is determined by the total volume of the caving space, the volume of the dispersed body, the volume of the free space and the volume of the consolidated dispersed body. The total volume of the caving space is: ; In the formula, V0 is the total volume of the caving space, and the unit is m 3 ; D is 1 / 2 of the span of the caving space along the ore body, and the unit is m; L is 1 / 2 of the span of the caving space perpendicular to the ore body, and the unit is m; h0 is the distance between the top of the caving space and the bottom of the mining section, and the unit is m. The volume of the dispersed body is: ; In the formula, V1 is the volume of the dispersed body, and the unit is m 3 ; h1 is the distance between the top of the dispersed body and the bottom of the mining section, and the unit is m; z is the definite integral parameter. The volume of the free space is: ; In the formula, V2 is the volume of the free space, and the unit is m 3 ; The volume of the consolidated dispersed body is: ; In the formula, V3 is the volume of the consolidated dispersed body, and the unit is m 3 ; h2 is the distance between the bottom of the consolidated dispersed body and the bottom of the mining section, and the unit is m. Further, the amount of the filling slurry of each section is: ; In the formula, V 充 is the amount of the filling slurry of each section, and the unit is m 3 ; is the porosity of the dispersed body.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are: 1. This invention, based on the burial depth of the ore body, uses filling pipelines to fill the caving space with slurry, cementing the loose materials in the caving space into a solidified mass, forming an arch-shaped structure with a certain strength. This supports the caving space and slows down the continued caving process of the overlying rock mass. With subsequent segmented mining and continuous filling of the caving space, steps 3 to 5 are repeated to continuously mine the ore body and achieve timely management of the caving space. During this process, the loose materials in the upper part of the caving space are solidified by the filling slurry. The solidified loose materials are not strongly correlated with the continuous mining of the subsequent segments below, and there is no need to wait for the strength of the filling slurry and loose materials to reach the target strength requirement. This greatly reduces the impact of traditional filling methods on the stability of the mining area and subsequent construction operations after filling. Traditional backfilling methods require 24 days for the backfill slurry to reach the target strength. However, the mining method of this invention only requires the injected slurry to solidify with the loose material, taking only 3 to 7 days. Once the loose material remains stable, mining operations can continue, representing a significant reduction and improvement in consolidation time. Furthermore, in traditional backfilling methods, the slurry is injected at the corresponding position within the mining segment; without consolidation, the next segment cannot be mined. For example, in the upward layered backfilling method, the segment requiring further mining is located below the height of the previous segment. In this invention, as mining progresses and the caving space expands, slurry is continuously injected from above while mining continues below. The intermediate position between these two points represents the solidified loose material from the previous segment's mining. In terms of space, the filling operation of the filling slurry does not interfere with the subsequent mining operations, completely avoiding mutual interference between the filling and mining operations. Furthermore, since the bulk material has already solidified and reached the target strength during the previous mining operation, the safety of the currently mining section is guaranteed. Therefore, the filling and mining operations can be carried out simultaneously, significantly improving production capacity.

[0018] 2. Since the filling tunnel is always located at the top of the collapse space, it is no longer necessary to add or remove existing filling pipelines as the mining progresses. In contrast, with existing traditional filling methods, due to the different heights of different sections, new filling pipelines need to be laid for each section being mined (see attached diagram). Figure 4 (As shown), otherwise the filling slurry cannot be delivered to the section requiring it. Therefore, this invention eliminates the need to continuously extend the filling pipeline as the mining project progresses, significantly shortening the installation distance of the filling pipeline and the delivery distance of the filling slurry, resulting in substantial improvements in both production efficiency and production costs. Correspondingly, it also reduces the risk of pipeline blockage.

[0019] 3、The filling roadway in the mining method of the present application is arranged in the horizontal direction, that is, the range requirement of the span of the caving space is met, and since the filling slurry is always located at the top of the caving space, the filling roadway, the monitoring hole and the filling pipeline can serve the entire mining of the ore body, that is, can be applied to the entire mining cycle of the ore body, and thus is suitable for long-term engineering.

[0020] 4、The present application is more suitable for the mining environment of a deep-buried ore body underground, has a timely treatment effect on the caving space, avoids the continuous upward development of the goaf in the traditional caving method, causes the occurrence of disasters such as surface subsidence, effectively reduces the influence of the mining operation on the surface environment, and fully takes into account the requirements of efficient mining and green environmental protection. After the particulate is consolidated by the filling slurry, a particulate consolidated body is formed, which does not need to be transported outside the mine and also plays a supporting role on the caving space. The preparation of the filling slurry mainly uses tailings as aggregate, realizes the reuse of tailings, and reduces the environmental pollution of solid waste. At the same time, the safety of production is improved, especially in the case that the ore body is soft or easy to break, the traditional caving method is more likely to cause the subsidence of the surface above, and the filling method needs to wait for multiple long-term consolidation times of the filling slurry, so the treatment effect of the present application on the caving space is more significant.

[0021] 5、The step-by-step filling slurry proposed by the present application can realize the permeation of the particulate consolidation position, the flowability of the low-concentration filling slurry is better, can permeate into the fractured space, and further expand the consolidation volume of the particulate, and realizes the filling effect after the caving space is fully filled, and fully utilizes the crushability of the particulate during the filling process, greatly reduces the use amount of the filling slurry, and reduces the filling cost during the mining of the deep-buried ore body.

[0022] 6、The present application consolidates the particulate by the filling slurry, because the filling slurry is prepared from tailings, the small-size sand particles in the filling slurry make up for the lack of small-size particle size, so that the gradation of the particulate consolidated body is more continuous (that is, the volume exists from small to large), further optimizes the gradation distribution of the consolidated body, makes the gradation more scientific, and forms a more dense skeleton, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the particulate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] The present application is described with the help of the following drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the ore body for which the particulate cementation filling mining method of the present application is applied; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the particulate cementation filling mining method of the present application arranged in a single filling roadway Figure 1 A sectional view of plane I-I; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the particulate cementation filling mining method of the present application arranged in multiple filling roadways Figure 1A schematic view of a section along plane I-I; Figure 4 A schematic view of arranging multiple sub-section filling pipes for traditional filling method.

[0024] Explanation of reference signs: 1, filling roadway; 2, monitoring hole; 3, filling pipe; 4, top boundary of caving space; 4-1, vertical projection boundary of caving space; 5, granular consolidated body; 6, high concentration filling body; 7, unconsolidated granular body; 8, ore to be mined; 9, mining access; 10, sub-section transportation roadway; 11, ore body; 12, free space; 13-1, first sub-section filling pipe; 13-2, second sub-section filling pipe; 13-3, third sub-section filling pipe; 13-4, fourth sub-section filling pipe; 14, surface filling station; 15, surface boundary line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to better explain the present application, so as to be understood, the present application is described in detail below by specific embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The present embodiment provides a mining method of granular cementation filling, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the specific steps of the mining method include: step 1: setting a filling roadway 1 above the caving space, specifically, the filling roadway 1 is arranged according to the mining preparation engineering, and the filling roadway 1 is set above the caving space after caving. The surface is also provided with a surface filling station 14 and a surface boundary line 15.

[0027] The mining preparation engineering is to excavate the mining preparation roadway in the mined-out deposit, and to divide the ore block as an independent mining unit. The engineering is formed by creating conditions such as walking, ventilation, rock drilling, ore drawing and filling in the ore block. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the cross-sectional size of the filling roadway 1 is arranged with a small size cross-section, preferably . The orientation arrangement of the filling roadway 1 needs to consider the shape of the ore body 11 and the span of the transverse and longitudinal caving spaces predicted by the mining design to determine, and the direction of the axis with the largest span of the vertical access is selected as the setting orientation of the filling roadway 1, that is, the direction of the axis with the largest vertical projection boundary 4-1 of the caving space is selected as the setting orientation of the filling roadway 1, and the height of the filling roadway 1 is arranged 120 m above the final height of the caving space after caving.

[0028] The final height of the caving space after caving needs to be determined by the following formula, and then the filling roadway 1 is arranged above the height, and the final height calculation formula of the caving space after caving is: ; In the formula, H is the final height of the caving space after caving, in units of m; σc is the compressive strength of the overburden rock mass of the caving space, in units of t / m 2 d is the effective thickness of the roof of the caving space to withstand horizontal pressure, in units of m; H is the buried depth of the floor of the caving space, in units of m; ρ is the average unit weight of the overburden rock mass of the caving space, in units of t / m 3 L0 is the span of the caving space, in units of m.

[0029] And, in the case where the span of the caving space is determined, the height difference between the caving space after caving and the filling lane 1 is not less than 100 m.

[0030] In addition, the setting direction of the filling lane 1 is the direction where the maximum span of the caving space is located; the number of the filling lane 1 is at least one; the distance between the monitoring hole 2 and the filling pipeline 3 in the same filling lane 1 is not less than 10 m. When there are multiple filling lanes 1, the transverse diffusion range between adjacent filling lanes 1 has a 20% overlap area.

[0031] To ensure the continuity and overall strength of the stope filling slurry, and in combination with the conditions of the ore body 11 of a certain mine, multiple filling lanes 1 are required, and each filling lane 1 is further horizontally arranged with multiple filling pipelines 3. Under the actual single-hole grouting conditions, to achieve uniform and reliable filling effect of the filling slurry in the transverse diffusion range, it is required that the diffusion range between adjacent filling pipelines 3 has an effective overlap area, i.e., the overlap area of the transverse diffusion range between the two adjacent filling pipelines 3 is 20%. Here, taking a certain mine as an example, if the width of the transverse diffusion range overlap area is 4 m (4 m is 20% of the transverse diffusion range here). Since each filling pipeline 3 is the center of the diffusion area of the filling slurry, the maximum distance between two adjacent filling pipelines 3 should be ensured to have the 20% overlap area as a prerequisite. The specific calculation is as follows: the effective radius of a single filling pipeline 3 is 10 m, and a 4 m overlap area is required, so the theoretical distance between the center points of two adjacent filling pipelines 3 should not exceed Therefore, the distance between two adjacent filling pipelines 3 in multiple filling pipelines 3 is controlled at 12 m, which ensures the filling quality in the overlap area of the transverse diffusion range of multiple filling pipelines 3 and achieves the overall expected filling effect of the filling slurry.

[0032] Step 2: Through the filling lane 1, the filling pipeline 3 and the monitoring hole 2 are constructed downward in the caving space, and the monitoring hole 2 is arranged at a certain distance apart, and in this embodiment, the distance between the filling pipeline 3 and the monitoring hole 2 is 20 m.

[0033] The number of filling pipelines 3 is at least one. When the number of filling pipelines 3 is one, the position of the filling pipeline 3 is located at the highest point of the caving arch in the caving space. When the number of filling pipelines 3 is more than one, the positions of the filling pipelines 3 are located in the caving space and at the highest points of the corresponding caving arches in the longitudinal section.

[0034] Step 3: Partially mining the segment to expand the caving space, so that the rock mass above the caving space caving, and then forming the granular material and the free space 12 in the caving space. When the span of the caving space is greater than the critical caving span, the rock mass realizes continuous caving; otherwise, it remains stable. The determination method of the critical caving span is mainly determined by numerical simulation (the specific simulation method is prior art, which is not described here). The critical caving span is not a fixed value, which is jointly affected by various geological and engineering factors, including rock mass quality, geological structure, water and time effect, etc.

[0035] By carrying out the mining operation of the next segment, the recovery work of the last segment to be mined ore 8 and the mining of the current segment ore are realized. When the mining amount of the current segment reaches 30%-40% of the expected total mining amount, the mining is stopped. Since the upper boundary 4 of the caving space continues to develop upward with the output of the lower ore, a new free space 12 is formed, and the above filling operation and the mining of the next segment ore body 11 can be repeated.

[0036] Step 4: According to the monitoring results of the caving space and the granular material by the monitoring hole 2, the filling slurry is injected into the granular material in the caving space through the filling pipeline 3; In step 4, the filling slurry is filled into the caving space through the filling pipeline 3 in a step-by-step filling manner. When 30%-40% of the partial mining of the first segment is completed, the free space 12 is formed in the caving space, and the low-concentration filling slurry is used first; after waiting for 12 hours, the high-concentration filling slurry is used. The mass concentration of the low-concentration filling slurry is 60%-70%, and the mass concentration of the high-concentration filling slurry is 70%-80%.

[0037] Step 5: Stop the mining operation of the above segment, wait for the filling slurry to consolidate the granular material, and then continue to mine the remaining part of the above segment to complete the mining operation of the above segment.

[0038] After the filling slurry is injected, 3-7 days are waited for the filling slurry to cement with the granular material in the caving space, and then the granular material is consolidated to form a granular consolidated body 5, and the remaining part of the first segment is continuously mined. When the mining amount reaches 55%-65%, the mining is stopped. Then, the mining operation of the second segment is carried out, which is a completed filling mining cycle.

[0039] Step 6: After each completed sublevel mining operation, the caving space continues to expand, and steps 3 to 5 are repeated to complete the mining operation of the next sublevel.

[0040] In this mining process, the bulk cemented filling mining method of the present application does not require additional laying of new filling lane 1, monitoring hole 2 and filling pipeline 3 throughout the entire mining cycle, while the conventional filling method of the prior art requires the continuous additional setting of new filling pipelines according to different sublevels as the mining process progresses, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first sublevel filling pipeline 13-1, the second sublevel filling pipeline 13-2, the third sublevel filling pipeline 13-3 and the fourth sublevel filling pipeline 13-4 are set. Figure 4 It is only a simple schematic diagram of the conventional filling method, and in actual mining process, the arrangement of the filling pipeline 3 will be more complex based on the trend of the ore body 11 and the span of the mining, etc. It will not be simply vertically arranged as shown in Figure 4 Therefore, the length of the filling pipeline 3 arranged by the conventional filling method is longer, the cost is higher, and it is more likely to cause the filling pipeline 3 to be blocked.

[0041] The total amount of ore mined in the next sublevel should be the total of the residual ore amount of the previous sublevel and the ore amount that should be mined in the current sublevel, so the ore mining ratio at the time of stopping mining twice should be calculated based on the total ore amount.

[0042] As shown in Figure 1 First, multiple sublevels are divided along the direction of the ore body 11, and the sublevel mining access 9 is arranged at intervals.

[0043] Secondly, when carrying out the mining operation, the first sublevel ore is mined first, and the mined ore is transported out through the sublevel transportation lane 10. As the ore mining progresses, the caving space forms a free space 12 with a large enough span to achieve the free space of the upper rock mass caving. When the first sublevel is stopped at 30%-40% of the mining, the top bulk in the caving space is then consolidated by using the filling slurry with a mass concentration of 64% through the filling lane 1 to consolidate the top caving surrounding rock or low-grade ore, forming a bulk consolidation body 5 with a consolidation thickness of 10 meters. After waiting for 12 hours, the free space 12 in the caving space is fully filled by using the filling slurry with a mass concentration of 74%, so that the solidified high-concentration filling body 6 is in contact with the top boundary 4 of the caving space. After the consolidation is completed, the support effect of the unconsolidated bulk 7, the bulk consolidation body 5 and the high-concentration filling body 6 on the caving space is realized, effectively slowing down the development of the caving space.

[0044] The present embodiment gives a specific process of slurry filling amount control of a sublevel: The embodiment takes a mining sublevel test stope at-325m (China sea level zero point as the reference) of a certain mine as an example. In the embodiment, the ground elevation is +210m, the compressive strength of the overburden rock mass of the caving space is 2080.8t / m 2 ; the effective thickness d of the roof of the caving space subjected to horizontal pressure is 1.2m; the buried depth H of the floor of the caving space is 535m; the average unit weight of the overburden rock mass of the caving space is 2.6t / m 3 ; the width L0 of the caving space is 70m, and the final height of the caving space after caving is calculated as 216.41m.

[0045] The slurry filling amount of each sublevel is determined according to the total volume of the caving space, the volume of the dispersed body, the volume of the free space 12 and the volume of the consolidated dispersed body 5, so the filling slurry consumption of each sublevel in a mining and filling cycle can be calculated as follows: The total volume of the caving space is: ; During the ore drawing process, it is monitored that the development height of the top boundary 4 of the caving space reaches the elevation of-232m, the internal dispersed body top elevation is-247m, and a free space 12 with a height difference of about 5m is newly formed. At the same time, according to the stope size and the projection measurement of the caving space, the 1 / 2 of the caving space along the strike span of the ore body 11 is obtained, that is, D is 41.1m, the 1 / 2 of the caving space along the vertical span of the ore body 11 is obtained, that is, L is 35m. The distance h0 between the top of the caving space and the bottom of the mining sublevel is 93m. The total volume of the caving space at this time is 28.02 million m³.

[0046] The volume of the dispersed body is: ; According to the observation, the top elevation of the dispersed body in the caving space is-247m, so the distance h1 between the top of the dispersed body and the bottom of the mining sublevel is 78m, and the volume of the dispersed body in the caving space is calculated as 26.98 million m³. The values of the above formulas h0 and h1 are determined by the monitoring hole 2 (the specific determination method is the prior art, which is not described here), and the top elevations of the top boundary 4 of the caving space and the dispersed consolidated body 5 before being cemented are obtained, which are determined comprehensively according to the horizontal elevation of the mining sublevel.

[0047] The volume of the free space 12 is: ; At this time, the total volume of the caving space minus the volume of the dispersed body to obtain the volume of the free space 12 i.e. 280,200 m3 minus 269,800 m3 equals 10,400 m3.

[0048] The volume of the consolidated body 5 is: ; According to the test results, the porosity of the bulk material is 0.4, the diffusion depth of the filling slurry in the bulk material is 15 m, and the distance h2 between the bottom of the consolidated body 5 and the bottom of the mining section is 63 m. Thus, the volume of the consolidated body 5 is calculated to be 2.87 million m3.

[0049] The amount of the section filling slurry is: ; During the mining period, the amount of the filling slurry for completing the section is 2.18 million m3.

[0050] The above description, although the drawings show the embodiments of the present application, in practical application engineering, the parameters need to be adjusted in combination with the conditions of the ore body and the site, and should not be limited by the description of the embodiments. The embodiments provided herein are to more clearly convey the contents of the application within the scope of the present application to the skilled person in the art, and are not intended to limit the application in other forms. Any skilled person in the art may modify or change the above-described embodiments into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments without departing from the technical solution of the present application, according to the technical essence of the present application, still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.​

Claims

1. A mining method of cemented filling of bulk material, characterized in that: Step 1: setting a filling lane above a caving space; Step 2: constructing a filling pipe and a monitoring hole in the caving space through the filling lane; Step 3: partially mining a section to expand the caving space, causing the rock mass above the caving space to cave, and thus forming a bulk material and a free space in the caving space; Step 4: based on the monitoring results of the caving space and the bulk material by the monitoring hole, injecting filling slurry into the bulk material in the caving space through the filling pipe; Step 5: stopping the mining operation of the section, waiting for the filling slurry to consolidate the bulk material, and then continuing to mine the remaining part of the section to complete the mining operation of the section.

2. A method of mining a bulk cemented fill as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that, After Step 5, further comprising: Step 6: if the caving space continues to expand after the mining operation of each section is completed, repeating Steps 3 to 5 to complete the mining operation of the next section.

3. The mining method of cemented filling of bulk material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the case of a determined span of the caving space, the height difference between the top of the caving space after caving and the filling lane is not less than 100 m.

4. The mining method of cemented filling of bulk material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The setting direction of the filling lane is the direction of the maximum span of the caving space; The number of the filling lane is at least one; In the same filling lane, the distance between the monitoring hole and the filling pipe is not less than 10 m.

5. The mining method of cemented filling of bulk material according to claim 4, characterized in that: When there are multiple filling lanes, there is a 20% overlap area in the lateral diffusion range between adjacent filling lanes.

6. The mining method of cemented filling of bulk material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the filling pipe is at least one; When there is one filling pipe, the position of the filling pipe is at the highest point of the caving arch in the caving space; When there are multiple filling pipes, the position of the filling pipe is in the caving space, and the filling pipe corresponds to the highest point of the caving arch in the longitudinal section.

7. The mining method of cemented filling of bulk material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 4, the filling of the filling pipe with slurry into the caving space is in a step-by-step filling manner, and when the section is 30%-40% completed in partial mining, the free space is formed in the caving space, and low-concentration filling slurry is used first; after waiting for 12 h, high-concentration filling slurry is used.

8. The mining method of cemented filling of bulk material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the low-concentration filling slurry is 60%-70%, and the mass concentration of the high-concentration filling slurry is 70%-80%.

9. The mining method of cemented filling of bulk material according to claim 7, characterized in that: In Step 5, the remaining part of the section continues to be mined, and the mining is stopped when the mining amount reaches 55%-65%.

10. The mining method of cemented filling of bulk material according to claim 9, characterized in that: The filling amount of slurry for each section is determined by the total volume of the caving space, the volume of the bulk material, the volume of the free space, and the volume of the consolidated bulk material; wherein the total volume of the caving space is: ； wherein Vo is the total volume of the caving space, in m3 3 ; D is the 1 / 2 of the span of the caving space along the ore body strike, in m; L is the 1 / 2 of the span of the caving space perpendicular to the ore body strike, in m; ho is the distance between the top of the caving space and the bottom of the mining sublevel, in m; the volume of the bulk material is: ； wherein V1 is the bulk volume in m3 3 ; hi is the distance between the top of the bulk and the bottom of the mining section in m; z is the integration parameter; the volume of the free space is: ； where V2 is the free space volume in m3 3 ; the volume of the consolidated bulk material is: ； wherein V3 is the volume of the bulk solidified mass, in m 3 ; h2 is the distance between the bottom of the bulk solidified mass and the bottom of the mining section, in m; Further, the amount of each segment filling slurry is obtained as: ； wherein V 充 the amount of slurry to fill each segment, in m 3 ; porosity of the bulk material.

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