Method and system for high voltage striking suppression of an x-ray tube cathode with a metal coating

Abstract

The application provides an X-ray tube cathode high-voltage sparking inhibition method and system with a metal coating, and relates to the technical field of X-ray tubes, wherein the method comprises the following steps: arranging a sensor assembly at the position of a cathode assembly, the cathode assembly comprising an electron emitter and a cathode head, coating a metal coating with a vacuum work function greater than the material of the cathode head on at least one side of the cathode head opposite to the electron emitter, establishing a discharge precursor characteristic vector, constructing a physical simulation submodel based on the cathode assembly and the discharge precursor characteristic vector, calculating the sparking risk probability of different space regions, adaptively configuring an inhibition strategy according to the sparking risk probability, and performing active regulation to inhibit high-voltage sparking, thereby solving the technical problem that the existing X-ray tube cathode has high-voltage sparking, which affects the service life and stability of the X-ray tube. The technical effects of effectively inhibiting the high-voltage sparking phenomenon of the X-ray tube cathode, improving the service life, stability and reliability of the X-ray tube are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of X-ray tube technology, and more specifically to a method and system for suppressing high-voltage arcing at the cathode of an X-ray tube with a metal coating. Background Technology

[0002] In existing X-ray tubes, the cathode head of the cathode assembly is constantly exposed to a high-voltage, strong electric field environment. Furthermore, its microscopic surface is not perfectly smooth and has unevenness, leading to increased local electric field intensity on the cathode head surface. This easily triggers field emission, resulting in high-voltage arcing. High-voltage arcing not only instantly damages the microstructure of the cathode head surface, further increasing surface roughness and creating a vicious cycle of continuous high-voltage arcing, but also severely affects the lifespan and stability of the X-ray tube, reducing equipment reliability and increasing maintenance costs and downtime.

[0003] In summary, existing X-ray tube cathodes suffer from high-voltage arcing, which affects the lifespan and stability of the X-ray tube and reduces its reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method and system for suppressing high-voltage arcing of the cathode of an X-ray tube with a metal coating, in order to solve the technical problem that high-voltage arcing exists in the cathode of existing X-ray tubes, which affects the service life and stability of the X-ray tube and reduces the reliability of the X-ray tube.

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a method and system for suppressing high-voltage arcing of X-ray tube cathodes with metal coatings.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a method for suppressing high-voltage arcing in an X-ray tube cathode with a metal coating. The method includes: deploying a sensor assembly at the cathode assembly location, the sensor assembly including a micro-current sensor, a fiber optic temperature sensor, and an electromagnetic noise detector; the cathode assembly including an electron emitter and a cathode head; coating at least one side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter with a metal coating whose vacuum work function is greater than that of the cathode head body material; synchronously acquiring current spikes, local temperature rises, and high-frequency radiation signals using the sensor assembly to establish a discharge precursor feature vector; constructing a physical simulation sub-model based on the cathode assembly with the metal coating and the discharge precursor feature vector; calculating the arcing risk probability in different spatial regions using the physical simulation sub-model; and adaptively configuring a suppression strategy according to the arcing risk probability, controlling a microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and a programmable impedance network connected in series with a high-voltage power supply to perform active regulation for high-voltage arcing suppression.

[0007] Optionally, initial boundary conditions are constructed based on the geometric parameters of the cathode assembly, including the three-dimensional morphology of the cathode head, the thickness distribution of the metal coating, and the surface roughness. The material vacuum work function of the metal coating, the thermal emission characteristics of the electron emitter, and the conductivity of the cathode head body are used as material priors. A physical simulation sub-model is constructed in conjunction with the initial boundary conditions. The discharge precursor feature vector is synchronized to the physical simulation sub-model, and dynamic corrections are performed on the electric field distribution and electron emission state. The results of these dynamic corrections are used to establish the arcing risk probability.

[0008] Optionally, the following steps are taken: First, a correction result is established by mapping the current spike amplitude and derivative parameter in the discharge precursor feature vector to a local electric field enhancement factor, and then using this factor to correct the electric field distribution on the cathode head surface. Second, a correction result is established by mapping the local temperature rise slope in the discharge precursor feature vector to an instantaneous thermal emission correction for the electron emitter. Third, a correction result is established by mapping the high-frequency radiation energy ratio in the discharge precursor feature vector to an electromagnetic disturbance parameter in the vacuum gap, and then using this parameter to correct the electric field spatial distribution. Fourth, an iterative update analysis of the first, second, and third correction results is performed using a sliding window to establish an electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve. Finally, the ignition probability of the spatial sub-region is calculated using the electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve, and an arcing risk probability is established based on this ignition probability.

[0009] Optionally, the continuous output parameters of the high-voltage power supply are obtained, and a first maintenance influence parameter is established based on the continuous output parameters; the network state parameters of the programmable impedance network are obtained, and a second maintenance influence parameter is established based on the network state parameters; maintenance analysis of the ignition probability is performed based on the first maintenance influence parameter and the second maintenance influence parameter to generate the spark risk probability.

[0010] Optionally, a strategy space including microelectrode array control parameters and programmable impedance network impedance curves is established; the objective function is constructed by taking minimizing the global arcing risk probability as the primary objective and minimizing the false alarm rate and performance loss as auxiliary objectives; and the configuration optimization of the suppression strategy is performed based on the strategy space and the objective function to complete the adaptive configuration of the suppression strategy.

[0011] Optionally, constraints are established on the safe temperature rise and current limits of the cathode assembly; under the constraints, an initial strategy library is established in the strategy space; the initial strategy library is evaluated for adaptation using the objective function, and iterative updates are performed using the evaluation results to complete the configuration optimization.

[0012] Optionally, the thickness of the metal coating is 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers, and the melting point of the metal coating is higher than 2600°C and the yield strength is higher than 550 MPa.

[0013] Optionally, the electron emitter is a flat filament with a non-uniform thickness structure, wherein the distance between the two ends of the flat filament is smaller than the distance in the middle.

[0014] Optionally, the control effect is monitored, and a monitoring dataset is established; the monitoring dataset is used to generate proactive control feedback, and adaptive proactive control optimization management is performed based on the proactive control feedback.

[0015] A second aspect of this application provides a high-voltage arcing suppression system for an X-ray tube cathode with a metal coating. The system includes: a sensor deployment module for deploying sensor components at the cathode assembly location; the sensor components include a micro-current sensor, a fiber optic temperature sensor, and an electromagnetic noise detector; the cathode assembly includes an electron emitter and a cathode head; and a metal coating with a vacuum work function greater than that of the cathode head body material is coated on at least one side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter; a data acquisition module for simultaneously acquiring current spikes, local temperature rises, and high-frequency radiation signals using the sensor components to establish a discharge precursor feature vector; a model construction module for constructing a physical simulation sub-model based on the metal-coated cathode assembly and the discharge precursor feature vector, and using the physical simulation sub-model to calculate the arcing risk probability in different spatial regions; and a control execution module for adaptively configuring a suppression strategy according to the arcing risk probability, and then controlling a microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and a programmable impedance network connected in series with a high-voltage power supply to perform active control for high-voltage arcing suppression.

[0016] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0017] The method provided in this application embodiment deploys a sensor assembly at the cathode assembly location. The sensor assembly includes a micro-current sensor, a fiber optic temperature sensor, and an electromagnetic noise detector. The cathode assembly includes an electron emitter and a cathode head. At least one side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter is coated with a metal coating whose vacuum work function is greater than that of the cathode head body material. The sensor assembly is used to synchronously collect current spikes, local temperature rises, and high-frequency radiation signals to establish a discharge precursor feature vector. A physical simulation sub-model is constructed based on the cathode assembly with the metal coating and the discharge precursor feature vector. The physical simulation sub-model is used to calculate the arcing risk probability in different spatial regions. After adaptively configuring a suppression strategy according to the arcing risk probability, the microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and the programmable impedance network connected in series with the high-voltage power supply are controlled to perform active regulation to suppress high-voltage arcing. This achieves the technical effect of effectively suppressing high-voltage arcing of the X-ray tube cathode and improving the service life, stability, and reliability of the X-ray tube.

[0018] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of this application. To enable a clearer understanding of the technical means of this application and to facilitate its implementation according to the description, and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of this application more apparent, specific embodiments of this application are described below. It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify key or important features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating the method for suppressing high-voltage arcing of the cathode of an X-ray tube with a metal coating provided in this application.

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arc suppression system with metal coating provided in this application.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: Sensor deployment module 11, data acquisition module 12, model building module 13, control and execution module 14. Detailed Implementation

[0023] This application provides a method and system for suppressing high-voltage arcing at the cathode of an X-ray tube with a metal coating. This method addresses the technical problem of high-voltage arcing at the cathode in existing X-ray tubes, which affects the lifespan and stability of the X-ray tube and reduces its reliability. It effectively suppresses high-voltage arcing at the X-ray tube cathode, thereby improving the lifespan, stability, and reliability of the X-ray tube.

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all of them.

[0025] Example 1, as Figure 1As shown, this application provides a method for suppressing high-voltage arcing at the cathode of an X-ray tube with a metal coating. The method includes:

[0026] A sensor assembly is arranged at the cathode assembly location. The sensor assembly includes a micro-current sensor, an optical fiber temperature sensor, and an electromagnetic noise detector. The cathode assembly includes an electron emitter and a cathode head. At least one side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter is coated with a metal coating whose vacuum work function is greater than that of the cathode head body material.

[0027] Specifically, the X-ray tube, as the core component for generating X-rays, works by emitting electrons from the cathode. These electrons, accelerated by a high-voltage electric field, collide at high speed with the anode target, converting part of their kinetic energy into X-ray photon energy to generate X-rays. A sensor assembly is deployed at the cathode assembly of the X-ray tube, including a micro-current sensor, a fiber optic temperature sensor, and an electromagnetic noise detector. Transient current spikes are typically electrical precursors to partial discharge or initial breakdown. By installing the micro-current sensor in the current loop of the cathode assembly, changes in the cathode current are monitored in real time, thereby detecting potential transient current spikes on the cathode head surface. The fiber optic temperature sensor is installed on the side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter, utilizing the temperature-sensitive properties of fiber optics to achieve high-precision monitoring of temperature changes in the cathode head and electron emitter. Fiber optic sensing technology is characterized by high voltage resistance and low electromagnetic interference, making it suitable for high-voltage X-ray tube environments. An electromagnetic noise detector is installed around the cathode assembly to detect electromagnetic field fluctuations caused by arcing. Through the simultaneous deployment of multiple sensors, comprehensive monitoring of discharge precursors in the X-ray tube cathode assembly can be achieved across different physical quantities, improving the accuracy and reliability of risk detection.

[0028] The cathode assembly of an X-ray tube includes an electron emitter and a cathode head. The electron emitter releases electrons under high temperature or electric field conditions, while the cathode head provides mechanical support and an electrical interface for the electron emitter. Using vapor deposition, the cathode head is placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus. By controlling parameters such as deposition temperature, time, and gas flow rate, a metal coating is applied to at least one side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter. The vacuum work function of the metal coating material is greater than that of the cathode head material itself. The vacuum work function refers to the minimum energy required for an electron to escape from the surface of an object into a vacuum; the higher the vacuum work function, the more difficult it is for electrons to escape. By coating at least one side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter with a metal coating whose vacuum work function is greater than that of the cathode head material, a higher energy barrier needs to be overcome when electrons escape from the cathode head surface, thus effectively suppressing field emission and reducing the probability of high-voltage arcing. For example, if the cathode head is a nickel-based cathode head with a vacuum work function of approximately 5.15 eV, a metal coating material with a vacuum work function greater than 5.15 eV, such as a tungsten coating, can be selected. Alternatively, the metal coating can be one of tungsten-molybdenum alloy coating, tungsten-rhenium alloy coating, and rhenium-alloy coating. These alloy coatings have good thermal shock resistance and high strength, and are suitable for the high-pressure and high-temperature working environment of X-ray tubes.

[0029] The high-vacuum work function metal coating effectively improves the cathode head's breakdown resistance while preventing chemical reactions or physical damage under high-temperature and high-vacuum conditions, further enhancing the stability and reliability of the cathode assembly. Furthermore, by deploying multiple sensors to monitor the cathode assembly's operating status in real time, targeted measures are taken to effectively suppress high-voltage arcing, improving the stability and reliability of the X-ray tube.

[0030] The sensor assembly is used to synchronously collect current spikes, local temperature rises, and high-frequency radiation signals to establish a discharge precursor feature vector.

[0031] Specifically, during the operation of the cathode assembly, data is synchronously acquired using a deployed sensor array. This synchronous acquisition involves parallel monitoring of the cathode assembly's operating status within the same time window using micro-current sensors, fiber optic temperature sensors, and electromagnetic noise detectors, ensuring temporal consistency among the data collected by multiple sensors. Micro-current sensors monitor changes in the cathode current in real time, capturing current spikes, which are important electrical precursors to arcing, manifesting as a sudden increase in current. Localized temperature rise is caused by abnormal discharge between the electron emitter and the cathode head; fiber optic temperature sensors utilize the temperature-sensitive properties of optical fibers to accurately monitor localized temperature changes between the cathode head and the electron emitter. Electromagnetic noise detectors collect high-frequency radiation signals, another important characteristic preceding arcing, indicating high-frequency discharge between the electron emitter and the cathode head. The collected current spikes, localized temperature rises, and high-frequency radiation signals are time-aligned to ensure data synchronization. The instantaneous amplitude of the current spike signal and its derivative parameter over time are extracted. The derivative parameter reflects the rate of current change and is used to determine the intensity of partial discharge. By fitting the temperature change curve over time, the slope of the local temperature rise signal is calculated. For the high-frequency radiation signal, its instantaneous energy within a specific frequency band is calculated and normalized to the ratio of the total signal energy, i.e., the energy ratio, which is used to describe the intensity of electromagnetic disturbance. Then, the current spike amplitude and derivative parameter, the local temperature rise slope, and the high-frequency radiation energy ratio are integrated to form a discharge precursor feature vector. The discharge precursor feature vector is used to analyze and identify early signs of arcing, thereby achieving early warning and effective suppression.

[0032] A physical simulation sub-model is constructed based on a cathode assembly with a metal coating and a discharge precursor feature vector. The probability of sparking risk in different spatial regions is calculated using the physical simulation sub-model.

[0033] Furthermore, a physical simulation sub-model is constructed based on a cathode assembly with a metal coating and a discharge precursor feature vector. This physical simulation sub-model is then used to calculate the arcing risk probability in different spatial regions. This includes: constructing initial boundary conditions based on the geometric parameters of the cathode assembly, including the three-dimensional morphology of the cathode head, the thickness distribution of the metal coating, and the surface roughness; using the material vacuum work function of the metal coating, the thermal emission characteristics of the electron emitter, and the conductivity of the cathode head body as material priors, and combining these with the initial boundary conditions to construct the physical simulation sub-model; synchronizing the discharge precursor feature vector to the physical simulation sub-model, performing dynamic correction of the electric field distribution and electron emission state, and using the dynamic correction results to establish the arcing risk probability.

[0034] Specifically, initial boundary conditions are constructed based on the geometric parameters of the cathode assembly. These initial boundary conditions refer to the geometric and physical constraints imposed on the computational domain in the numerical simulation, which determine the accuracy of the simulation calculation. The geometric parameters of the cathode assembly include the three-dimensional morphology of the cathode head, the thickness distribution of the metal coating, and the surface roughness. The three-dimensional morphology of the cathode head is obtained by acquiring its precise shape and dimensions using high-precision three-dimensional scanning technology. The thickness distribution of the metal coating affects electron emission and the distribution of the electric field; this is obtained through non-contact measurement techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). Simultaneously, the surface roughness parameters of the cathode head are obtained using a surface roughness measuring instrument. Surface roughness affects electron emission characteristics and local enhancement of the electric field. The material vacuum work function of the metal coating, the thermal emission characteristics of the electron emitter, and the conductivity of the cathode head body are used as material priors. These material priors refer to the known inherent physical parameters of the material before modeling the simulation model, used to provide reliable physical constraints for the simulation model. Among them, the higher the vacuum work function, the more difficult it is for surface electrons to escape, thus reducing the possibility of spontaneous electron emission. The thermal emission characteristics of the electron emitter are obtained through experimental measurement or theoretical calculation. The thermal emission characteristics reflect the electron emission capability of the electron emitter at high temperature. The conductivity of the cathode head body is obtained through material property testing. The conductivity affects the electric field distribution and current conduction.

[0035] The obtained material priors are combined with initial boundary conditions constructed based on the geometric parameters of the cathode assembly to build a physical simulation sub-model. Specifically, the initial boundary conditions defined by geometric parameters such as the three-dimensional morphology of the cathode assembly, the thickness distribution of the metal coating, and surface roughness are imported into the simulation environment. Then, material priors such as the vacuum work function of the metal coating, the thermal emission characteristics of the electron emitter, and the conductivity of the cathode head are assigned as physical parameters to the corresponding geometric regions. Through the combination of geometric modeling and physical parameter binding, a numerical calculation model capable of simultaneously characterizing the electric field distribution, thermal emission behavior, and conductivity characteristics is established, forming the physical simulation sub-model. The modeling process can be implemented using simulation software such as COMSOL Multiphysics or ANSYS. After the physical simulation sub-model is constructed, discharge precursor feature vectors, including current spikes, local temperature rise, and high-frequency radiation signals, are converted into digital signals. Multiple digital signals are transmitted to the physical simulation sub-model in real time via data transmission lines or wireless communication. The physical simulation sub-model, combined with real-time abnormal signals collected by the sensor array, dynamically corrects the electric field distribution and electron emission state, enabling the simulation results to reflect local instabilities under the current actual operating conditions. For example, current spike signals are mapped to local electric field enhancement factors, thereby correcting the electric field distribution on the cathode surface; local temperature rise data updates the instantaneous thermal emission parameters of the electron emitter; and high-frequency radiation signals are converted into spatial electromagnetic disturbance parameters to correct the spatial distribution of the electric field. Through dynamic correction results, the arcing risk probability in different spatial regions is obtained, which quantifies the likelihood of electrical breakdown or discharge events occurring at local spatial points. Different spatial regions refer to different locations within and around the cathode assembly, and multiple different spatial regions are divided according to their geometric position and function within the cathode assembly. For example, different spatial regions include different parts of the cathode head surface, the space between the cathode head and the electron emitter, etc. By simulating the detailed electric field distribution and electron emission state of different spatial regions in the physical simulation sub-model, the arcing risk of each region under different operating conditions can be assessed, thereby achieving accurate prediction and effective suppression of arcing phenomena and improving the stability and safety of X-ray tube operation.

[0036] Furthermore, the discharge precursor feature vector is synchronized to the physical simulation sub-model to perform dynamic correction of the electric field distribution and electron emission state. The arcing risk probability is established using the dynamic correction results, including: mapping the current peak amplitude and derivative parameter in the discharge precursor feature vector to a local electric field enhancement factor, using the local electric field enhancement factor to correct the electric field distribution on the cathode head surface, and establishing a first correction result; mapping the local temperature rise slope in the discharge precursor feature vector to an instantaneous thermal emission correction amount of the electron emitter, and establishing a second correction result; mapping the high-frequency radiation energy ratio in the discharge precursor feature vector to an electromagnetic disturbance parameter of the vacuum gap, using the electromagnetic disturbance parameter to correct the electric field spatial distribution, and establishing a third correction result; using a sliding window to iteratively update and analyze the first, second, and third correction results to establish an electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve; using the electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve to calculate the ignition probability of the spatial sub-region, and establishing the arcing risk probability based on the ignition probability.

[0037] Specifically, the discharge precursor feature vector is synchronized to the physical simulation sub-model. The physical simulation sub-model extracts the amplitude and derivative parameters of the current spike from the discharge precursor feature vector. The amplitude of the current spike represents a sudden increase in current, and the derivative parameter represents the rate of current change. The amplitude and derivative parameter of the current spike are mapped to a local electric field enhancement factor, which reflects the degree of abnormal enhancement of the local electric field. The local electric field enhancement factor is used to correct the electric field distribution on the cathode head surface, enabling the physical simulation sub-model to more accurately reflect the actual electric field state, establishing a first correction result. Simultaneously, the slope of the local temperature rise is extracted from the discharge precursor feature vector. The temperature rise slope represents the rate of temperature change, reflecting the thermal state of the electron emitter. The local temperature rise slope is mapped to an instantaneous thermal emission correction amount for the electron emitter, which reflects the change in emission efficiency of the electron emitter under the current thermal state. The instantaneous thermal emission correction amount is used to correct the emission state of the electron emitter, used to correct the thermal emission behavior of the electron emitter, establishing a second correction result. The energy ratio of high-frequency radiation is extracted from the characteristic vector of discharge precursors. This energy ratio represents the intensity change of the high-frequency radiation signal and reflects the degree of electromagnetic field disturbance. The high-frequency radiation energy ratio is then mapped to electromagnetic disturbance parameters of the vacuum gap, which reflect the disturbance of the electromagnetic field within the vacuum gap. These electromagnetic disturbance parameters are used to correct the spatial distribution of the electric field, establishing a third correction result that allows the physical simulation sub-model to more accurately reflect the actual spatial distribution of the electric field.

[0038] After obtaining three types of correction results—the first, second, and third correction results—time series integration is performed on these three types of correction results, and iterative analysis is conducted using the sliding window method. The sliding window technique defines a fixed-length analysis interval on a continuous time series. The window shifts over time, accumulating, averaging, or weighting the data within each interval to smooth instantaneous fluctuations while capturing dynamic trends. The first, second, and third correction results are superimposed within each window. During the superposition process, a weighted summation method can be used to assign weights based on the importance of each type of correction result, obtaining a comprehensive correction result: Comprehensive correction result = w1 × First correction result + w2 × Second correction result + w3 × Third correction result, where w1, w2, and w3 are weighting coefficients adjusted according to actual needs and experimental data. The superimposed comprehensive correction result is used as input, and the instantaneous changes in the electric field distribution and electron emission state within each sliding window are calculated using a physical simulation sub-model. As the sliding window shifts along the time series, the comprehensive correction result within each window is iteratively updated to obtain the electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve. The electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve reflects the dynamic changes in electric field distribution and electron emission state over time. Based on this curve, the electron emission intensity, electric field concentration, and thermal field changes of each spatial sub-region during the evolution process are calculated. By statistically analyzing the frequency of over-threshold electric field or thermal emission within a sliding window in each sub-region, and combining this with electromagnetic perturbation parameters, the ignition probability of each sub-region is obtained through weighted summation; that is, the likelihood of partial discharge or breakdown occurring in that region within a short period. Finally, an arcing risk probability is established based on this ignition probability.

[0039] By dynamically coupling real-time monitoring data with simulation models, spatial and dynamic accurate prediction of the risk of cathode high-voltage discharge can be achieved, thereby improving the stability and safety of X-ray tube operation.

[0040] Furthermore, establishing the arcing risk probability based on the ignition probability includes: acquiring the continuous output parameters of the high-voltage power supply, and establishing a first maintenance influence parameter based on the continuous output parameters; acquiring the network state parameters of the programmable impedance network, and establishing a second maintenance influence parameter based on the network state parameters; performing maintenance analysis of the ignition probability based on the first maintenance influence parameter and the second maintenance influence parameter to generate the arcing risk probability.

[0041] Specifically, after obtaining the ignition probability of each spatial sub-region, the high-voltage power supply is monitored by a sensor array to acquire its continuous output parameters, including output voltage, output current, and power. These continuous output parameters reflect the power supply's ability to maintain the electric field over a long period. Based on these continuous output parameters, the ratio of the root mean square value of voltage fluctuation to the average voltage is calculated to obtain the voltage fluctuation factor; the ratio of the root mean square value of current fluctuation to the average current is calculated to obtain the current fluctuation factor; and the ratio of the root mean square value of power fluctuation to the average power is calculated to obtain the power fluctuation factor. The voltage fluctuation factor, current fluctuation factor, and power fluctuation factor are then weighted and summed to establish a first maintenance influence parameter, which is used to assess the degree of continuous influence of the high-voltage power supply on the local ignition probability. The weighting coefficients can be adjusted based on practical experience or experimental data. Similarly, network state parameters of the programmable impedance network are acquired in real time using a network analyzer or impedance measurement equipment. These parameters include the impedance value, phase angle, and frequency response of the programmable impedance network. Using these parameters, the rate of change of the impedance value (the ratio of the difference between the current impedance value and the reference impedance value to the reference impedance value) is calculated; the rate of change of the phase angle (the ratio of the difference between the current phase angle and the reference phase angle to the reference phase angle) is also calculated; and the rate of change of the frequency response (the ratio of the difference between the current frequency response and the reference frequency response to the reference frequency response) is calculated. By weighted summing of these multiple rates of change, a second maintenance influence parameter is established to reflect the degree to which the state of the impedance network affects the maintenance of the sparking phenomenon. The first and second maintenance influence parameters are then combined with the sparking probability to perform a maintenance analysis of the sparking probability. This maintenance analysis refers to correcting the sparking probability of each spatial sub-region under the comprehensive analysis of the high-voltage power supply and the actual output conditions of the impedance network, so that the sparking probability can truly reflect the continuous sparking risk of the X-ray tube cathode assembly during operation. For example, if the high-voltage power supply output is stable and the impedance network can effectively shunt the current, the ignition probability may be reduced; conversely, it may be enhanced. The ignition probability is obtained by multiplying the ignition probability by the weighted sum of the two sustaining parameters. The weights can be determined based on practical experience or experimental data to reflect the degree of influence of different parameters on the ignition risk. If fluctuations in the high-voltage power supply have a significant impact on the ignition risk, a larger weight can be assigned to the first sustaining parameter. The specific calculation formula can be expressed as P... 打火风险 =P 点火 ×(1+w4×first maintenance influence parameter+w5×second maintenance influence parameter), where P 点火This represents the ignition probability. w4 and w5 are the weighting coefficients corresponding to the first and second maintenance influence parameters. The 1 in the formula indicates that, in the absence of maintenance influence, the arcing risk probability equals the ignition probability. Finally, by comprehensively statistically analyzing and weighting the corrected probabilities of all spatial sub-regions, the overall arcing risk probability of the cathode assembly is obtained. This arcing risk probability reflects the probability of arcing occurring in each spatial sub-region under the current high-voltage power output and impedance network conditions. By analyzing the actual maintenance effect of the high-voltage power supply and impedance network, the accuracy and reliability of high-voltage arcing risk assessment of the cathode assembly are improved, enabling precise intelligent control of the X-ray tube and enhancing the safety and reliability of the X-ray tube operating in a high-voltage environment.

[0042] After configuring the arcing risk probability-adaptive suppression strategy, the microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and the programmable impedance network connected in series with the high-voltage power supply are controlled to perform active regulation in order to suppress high-voltage arcing.

[0043] Furthermore, the adaptive configuration of the suppression strategy based on the arcing risk probability includes: establishing a strategy space including microelectrode array control parameters and programmable impedance network impedance curves; constructing an objective function with minimizing the global arcing risk probability as the primary objective and minimizing the false alarm rate and performance loss as auxiliary objectives; and performing configuration optimization of the suppression strategy based on the strategy space and the objective function to complete the adaptive configuration of the suppression strategy.

[0044] Specifically, the core control parameters for the dynamic adjustment of the microelectrode array, such as excitation voltage and operating frequency, must first be clearly defined. Excitation voltage refers to the voltage amplitude applied to the electrode array, directly affecting the strength of the electric field. The upper limit of the excitation voltage is determined by the breakdown field strength of the electrode material and the dielectric withstand voltage, while the lower limit is set according to the required electric field strength, ensuring that the electric field strength reaches the threshold for exciting electron emission. The operating frequency determines the temporal variation characteristics of the electric field, affecting the electron emission efficiency and the probability of sparking. The operating frequency range is determined by the resonant characteristics of the electrode array and the low-frequency lower limit determined by the electron emission response time. By precisely adjusting the control parameters of the microelectrode array, electric fields of different intensities and distributions can be generated on the cathode head surface, thereby affecting the electron emission state and suppressing sparking. A programmable impedance network (PAN) is connected in series with a high-voltage power supply to adjust the current transport characteristics of the cathode assembly, achieving precise high-voltage management. The operating frequency band is divided in the frequency domain, and the impedance curve is parameterized using a second-order RC equivalent circuit model. Series / parallel resistors and capacitors are adjusted via digital potentiometers, with impedance parameters including limits on the adjustable range of resistors and capacitors. Combined with a switching matrix, dynamic switching of multi-band RLC branches is achieved, dynamically adjusting the current path and impedance characteristics to optimize current distribution and reduce high-voltage arcing caused by current concentration. Two types of parameters are concatenated into a joint strategy vector, establishing a strategy space that includes microelectrode array control parameters and the PAN impedance curve. The strategy space is determined by the combination of microelectrode array control parameters and the PAN impedance curve. Each combination of control parameters and impedance curves in the strategy space forms a configuration scheme. Within the strategy space, different electric field distributions and current paths can be obtained based on different configuration parameters, and these different configurations have varying effects on suppressing arcing risks. By establishing a strategy space, a possible adjustment range is provided for configuration optimization, avoiding the limitations of traditional fixed parameters. Minimizing the global arcing risk probability is the primary objective, while minimizing the false alarm rate and performance loss are secondary objectives, thus constructing an objective function. Based on the constructed strategy space and objective function, configuration optimization is performed. By using the objective function as the optimization target, the optimal configuration is searched in the strategy space, ultimately achieving automatic configuration of the adaptive suppression strategy. After obtaining the adaptive configuration suppression strategy based on the arcing risk probability, active control is performed on the microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and the programmable impedance network connected in series with the high-voltage power supply according to the suppression strategy. The microelectrode array adjusts the excitation voltage and frequency of the electrodes according to the suppression strategy to optimize the electric field distribution. Meanwhile, the impedance network dynamically adjusts the impedance value according to the suppression strategy to optimize the current path, reduce the risk of local current concentration, and achieve effective high-voltage arcing suppression of the X-ray tube cathode, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the X-ray tube cathode assembly in a high-voltage, strong electric field environment.

[0045] Furthermore, the configuration optimization of the suppression strategy based on the strategy space and the objective function includes: establishing constraints on the safe temperature rise and current limits of the cathode component; establishing an initial strategy library in the strategy space under the constraints of the constraints; performing an adaptation evaluation of the initial strategy library using the objective function; and performing iterative updates using the adaptation evaluation results to complete the configuration optimization.

[0046] Specifically, based on the material properties and operating environment of the cathode assembly, constraints are set for the safe temperature rise and current limits of the cathode assembly. The cathode assembly generates heat during operation, especially under high voltage conditions, where the electron emitter's operating temperature can reach high levels. To prevent overheating of the cathode assembly and damage to the X-ray tube, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature rise of the cathode assembly does not exceed the safe temperature rise threshold under all possible operating conditions. By controlling the microelectrode array and impedance network to adjust the current and electric field distribution, the generation of local hot spots is reduced, thereby avoiding excessive temperature rise. The current carrying capacity of the cathode assembly is limited. Under high voltage conditions, if the current exceeds the design limit of the cathode assembly, it may lead to electrode burnout or damage. Therefore, setting an upper limit for the current is a constraint to ensure that the current remains within a safe range. By adjusting the impedance network, the current path can be optimized to avoid excessive local current, thus preventing the current limit from being exceeded. Sampling methods such as Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) or orthogonal experimentation are employed to generate uniformly distributed initial policy points in the policy space. Invalid policies, such as overheating and overcurrent policies, are filtered out using constraints, ultimately forming an initial policy library containing multiple configuration schemes. These schemes include different microelectrode array control parameters and different impedance network parameters. Each configuration scheme consists of a set of microelectrode array control parameters and programmable impedance network parameters. The objective function is used to evaluate the suitability of the multiple configuration schemes in the initial policy library. The core purpose of this evaluation is to quantify the merits of each configuration scheme using the objective function, which aims to minimize the global spark risk probability P. 打火 And supplemented by minimizing the false alarm rate P 误报 and performance loss L 性能 The objective function is in the form: F(θ) = w⁵ × P 打火 (θ)+w7×P 误报 (θ)+w8×L 性能f(θ), where θ is the configuration scheme parameter, and w5, w6, and w7 are weight coefficients that can be set through the analytic hierarchy process or actual needs. The total value of w5, w6, and w7 is 1. Each configuration scheme parameter in the initial strategy library is input into the objective function for evaluation, resulting in an adaptation score for each configuration scheme. Based on the adaptation evaluation results, the top K% of configuration schemes with the lowest adaptation scores (e.g., 20%) are selected to form a new strategy library. In the new strategy library, the configuration schemes are cross-referenced, and two sets of configuration scheme parameters are randomly selected for linear combination. The newly generated configuration schemes are then evaluated to determine if they meet the constraints. New strategies that meet the constraints are input into the objective function, which re-evaluates the new configurations and calculates the adaptation score. This process is repeated iteratively until convergence, ultimately finding the optimal configuration. Convergence criteria include: the objective function value tends to stabilize with very small changes; after multiple iterations, the objective function value has reached a globally optimal or near-optimal state; or the difference in adaptation values ​​among all configuration schemes in the strategy library has narrowed to an acceptable range. Through iterative updates, the configuration schemes in the strategy library are continuously optimized to achieve the optimal configuration for suppressing arcing risks, reduce high-voltage arcing risks, and improve the reliability and stability of X-ray tube cathodes under high-voltage environments.

[0047] Furthermore, the thickness of the metal coating is 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers, and the melting point of the metal coating is higher than 2600°C and the yield strength is higher than 550 MPa.

[0048] Specifically, a metal coating with a vacuum work function greater than that of the cathode head body material is coated on at least one side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter. To ensure the performance of the metal coating, the thickness of the metal coating is 100 to 500 micrometers, and the purity is at least 99.99%. In addition, the melting point of the metal coating material is higher than 2600°C, and the yield strength is higher than 550 MPa. When high-voltage arcing occurs in the cathode head, the metal coating can protect the cathode head surface from damage due to its high strength, avoiding continuous arcing caused by the increased surface roughness of the cathode head due to high-voltage arcing.

[0049] Furthermore, the electron emitter is a flat filament with a non-uniform thickness structure, and the distance between the two ends of the flat filament is smaller than the distance in the middle.

[0050] Specifically, a non-uniform thickness flat filament is used as the electron emitter. The flat filament has a first surface and a second surface, arranged opposite each other, with unequal spacing between them at different positions. Specifically, the spacing between the first and second surfaces at both ends of the flat filament is smaller than the spacing at the middle, and the spacing gradually increases from both ends to the middle. By setting the spacing at both ends of the flat filament to be smaller than the spacing at the middle, and gradually increasing from both ends to the middle, the temperature within the effective working area of ​​the flat filament is made more uniform, reducing the problem of severe local evaporation and melting failure caused by uneven temperature. For example, the first surface can be designed as a convex arc surface, and the second surface as a straight surface, or the first surface can include alternating arc and straight surfaces, with the maximum spacing from the arc surface closer to the middle to the second surface being greater than the maximum spacing from the arc surface farther from the middle to the second surface. The spacing between the straight surface and the second surface can be set to be equal or, depending on actual needs, the spacing from the straight surface closer to the middle to the second surface being greater than the spacing from the straight surface farther from the middle to the second surface. Furthermore, to further increase the surface thermionic emission area, the first surface can be provided with multiple identical arc-shaped or spherical protrusions arranged in an array. The second surface can be designed as a straight surface or an arc-shaped surface with a central protrusion, as needed. The flat filament is preferably manufactured using 3D printing technology, with tungsten as the material, to ensure the performance and precision of the flat filament. The optimized flat filament structure increases the surface thermionic emission area of ​​the electron emitter, enabling the emission of more thermionic electrons and improving the exposure power of the X-ray tube. Under the same exposure power requirements, the filament current can be reduced, thereby lowering the filament temperature, further extending the filament life, and improving the stability and quality of the electron emitter's emission intensity.

[0051] Furthermore, the microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and the programmable impedance network connected in series with the high-voltage power supply are controlled to perform active regulation, including: monitoring the control effect and establishing a monitoring dataset; generating active regulation feedback using the monitoring dataset; and performing adaptive active regulation optimization management based on the active regulation feedback.

[0052] Specifically, after actively regulating the microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and the programmable impedance network connected in series with the high-voltage power supply according to the configuration strategy, the control effect is monitored in real time by a sensor group deployed at the cathode assembly. The sensor group includes a micro-current sensor monitoring current changes, a fiber optic temperature sensor monitoring temperature changes, and an electromagnetic noise detector monitoring electric field distribution and electromagnetic radiation. A monitoring dataset is established using the monitoring data from multiple sensors, including data from each sensor in the sensor group, such as current, temperature, and electromagnetic field radiation. Active regulation feedback is then generated based on the collected monitoring dataset to confirm the successful configuration of the optimization strategy and to identify any new anomalies. Adaptive active regulation optimization management is then performed based on the active regulation feedback to ensure effective arcing suppression. Through real-time monitoring, feedback adjustment, and adaptive optimization management, precise control of the cathode assembly is achieved, ensuring effective suppression of high-voltage arcing, reducing damage to the cathode head surface, extending the cathode head's lifespan, and thus improving the overall stability and reliability of the X-ray tube. For example, experimental tests show that under the same operating conditions, the lifespan of the X-ray tube of this invention is at least 50% longer than that of traditional X-ray tubes.

[0053] Example 2, based on the same inventive concept as the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arcing suppression method with metal coating in the foregoing examples, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this application provides a high-voltage arc suppression system for X-ray tube cathodes with a metal coating, wherein the high-voltage arc suppression system for X-ray tube cathodes with a metal coating includes:

[0054] The sensor deployment module 11 is used to deploy sensor components at the cathode assembly location. The sensor components include a micro-current sensor, a fiber optic temperature sensor, and an electromagnetic noise detector. The cathode assembly includes an electron emitter and a cathode head. At least one side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter is coated with a metal coating whose vacuum work function is greater than that of the cathode head body material. The data acquisition module 12 is used to synchronously acquire current spikes, local temperature rises, and high-frequency radiation signals using the sensor components to establish a discharge precursor feature vector. The model construction module 13 is used to construct a physical simulation sub-model based on the cathode assembly with the metal coating and the discharge precursor feature vector, and to calculate the arcing risk probability in different spatial regions using the physical simulation sub-model. The control and execution module 14 is used to adaptively configure a suppression strategy according to the arcing risk probability, and then control the microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and the programmable impedance network connected in series with the high-voltage power supply to perform active control to suppress high-voltage arcing.

[0055] Furthermore, the model building module 13 in the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arcing suppression system with metal coating is also used to: construct initial boundary conditions, which are based on the geometric parameters of the cathode assembly, including the three-dimensional morphology of the cathode head, the thickness distribution of the metal coating, and the surface roughness; construct a physical simulation sub-model by combining the initial boundary conditions with the material vacuum work function of the metal coating, the thermal emission characteristics of the electron emitter, and the conductivity of the cathode head body as material priors; synchronize the discharge precursor feature vector to the physical simulation sub-model, perform dynamic correction of the electric field distribution and electron emission state, and establish the arcing risk probability using the dynamic correction results.

[0056] Furthermore, the model building module 13 in the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arcing suppression system with metal coating is also used to: map the current peak amplitude and derivative parameters in the discharge precursor feature vector to a local electric field enhancement factor, and use the local electric field enhancement factor to correct the electric field distribution on the cathode head surface, establishing a first correction result; map the local temperature rise slope in the discharge precursor feature vector to the instantaneous thermal emission correction amount of the electron emitter, establishing a second correction result; map the high-frequency radiation energy ratio in the discharge precursor feature vector to the electromagnetic disturbance parameter of the vacuum gap, and use the electromagnetic disturbance parameter to correct the electric field spatial distribution, establishing a third correction result; use a sliding window to iteratively update and analyze the first correction result, the second correction result, and the third correction result, establishing an electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve; use the electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve to calculate the ignition probability of the spatial sub-region, and establish an arcing risk probability based on the ignition probability.

[0057] Furthermore, the model building module 13 in the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arcing suppression system with metal coating is also used to: obtain the continuous output parameters of the high-voltage power supply, and establish a first maintenance influence parameter based on the continuous output parameters; obtain the network state parameters of the programmable impedance network, and establish a second maintenance influence parameter based on the network state parameters; perform maintenance analysis of the ignition probability based on the first maintenance influence parameter and the second maintenance influence parameter, and generate an arcing risk probability.

[0058] Furthermore, the control and execution module 14 in the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arcing suppression system with metal coating is also used to: establish a strategy space including microelectrode array control parameters and programmable impedance network impedance curves; construct an objective function with minimizing the global arcing risk probability as the primary objective and minimizing the false alarm rate and performance loss as auxiliary objectives; and perform configuration optimization of the suppression strategy based on the strategy space and the objective function to complete the adaptive configuration of the suppression strategy.

[0059] Furthermore, the control and execution module 14 in the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arc suppression system with metal coating is also used to: establish constraints on the safe temperature rise and current limits of the cathode assembly; establish an initial strategy library in the strategy space under the constraints of the constraints; perform adaptation evaluation of the initial strategy library using the objective function; and perform iterative updates using the adaptation evaluation results to complete configuration optimization.

[0060] Furthermore, the sensor deployment module 11 in the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arc suppression system with metal coating is also used to: have a metal coating thickness of 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers, and have a melting point higher than 2600℃ and a yield strength higher than 550MPa.

[0061] Furthermore, the sensor deployment module 11 in the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arc suppression system with metal coating is also used for: the electron emitter is a flat filament with a non-uniform thickness structure, and the distance between the two ends of the flat filament is smaller than the distance in the middle.

[0062] Furthermore, the control execution module 14 in the X-ray tube cathode high-voltage arc suppression system with metal coating is also used for: performing control effect monitoring and establishing a monitoring dataset; generating active control feedback using the monitoring dataset and performing adaptive active control optimization management based on the active control feedback.

[0063] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Figure 1 The high-voltage arcing suppression method and specific examples of the X-ray tube cathode with metal coating in Example 1 are also applicable to the high-voltage arcing suppression system of the X-ray tube cathode with metal coating in this embodiment. Through the foregoing detailed description of the high-voltage arcing suppression method of the X-ray tube cathode with metal coating, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the high-voltage arcing suppression system of the X-ray tube cathode with metal coating in this embodiment. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0064] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0065] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing high-voltage arcing at the cathode of an X-ray tube with a metallic coating, characterized in that, The method includes: A sensor assembly is arranged at the cathode assembly location. The sensor assembly includes a micro-current sensor, an optical fiber temperature sensor, and an electromagnetic noise detector. The cathode assembly includes an electron emitter and a cathode head. A metal coating with a vacuum work function greater than that of the cathode head body material is coated on at least one side of the cathode head opposite to the electron emitter. The sensor assembly is used to synchronously collect current spikes, local temperature rises, and high-frequency radiation signals to establish a discharge precursor feature vector. A physical simulation sub-model is constructed based on a cathode assembly with a metallic coating and discharge precursor feature vectors. This sub-model is then used to calculate the fire risk probability in different spatial regions, including: The discharge precursor feature vector is synchronized to the physical simulation sub-model to perform dynamic correction of the electric field distribution and electron emission state, and the arcing risk probability is established using the dynamic correction results. After configuring the arcing risk probability-adaptive suppression strategy, the microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and the programmable impedance network connected in series with the high-voltage power supply are controlled to perform active regulation in order to suppress high-voltage arcing. The discharge precursor feature vector is synchronized to the physical simulation sub-model to perform dynamic correction of the electric field distribution and electron emission state. The arcing risk probability is established using the dynamic correction results, including: Based on the current spike amplitude and derivative parameter in the discharge precursor feature vector, a local electric field enhancement factor is mapped, and the electric field distribution on the cathode head surface is corrected using the local electric field enhancement factor to establish a first correction result. A second correction result is established by mapping the local temperature rise slope in the discharge precursor feature vector to the instantaneous thermal emission correction of the electron emitter. The high-frequency radiation energy ratio in the discharge precursor feature vector is mapped to the electromagnetic disturbance parameter of the vacuum gap. The electric field spatial distribution is corrected according to the electromagnetic disturbance parameter, and a third correction result is established. Using a sliding window, iterative update analysis of the first, second, and third correction results is performed to establish the electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve; The ignition probability of the spatial sub-region is calculated using the electric field-emission dynamic evolution curve, and the spark risk probability is established based on the ignition probability. The ignition risk probability is established based on the ignition probability, including: Obtain the continuous output parameters of the high-voltage power supply, and establish a first maintenance influence parameter based on the continuous output parameters; Obtain the network state parameters of the programmable impedance network, and establish a second maintenance influence parameter based on the network state parameters; Based on the first maintenance influence parameter and the second maintenance influence parameter, an ignition probability maintenance analysis is performed to generate an ignition risk probability.

2. The method of suppressing high voltage striking of an X-ray tube cathode with a metal coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, A physical simulation sub-model is constructed based on a cathode assembly with a metallic coating and discharge precursor feature vectors. This sub-model is then used to calculate the fire risk probability in different spatial regions, including: Initial boundary conditions are constructed based on the geometric parameters of the cathode assembly, including the three-dimensional morphology of the cathode head, the thickness distribution of the metal coating, and the surface roughness. Using the material vacuum work function of the metal coating, the thermal emission characteristics of the electron emitter, and the conductivity of the cathode head as material priors, a physical simulation sub-model is constructed in conjunction with the initial boundary conditions.

3. The method of suppressing high voltage striking of an X-ray tube cathode with a metal coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, An adaptive configuration suppression strategy based on the fire risk probability includes: Establish a strategy space that includes microelectrode array control parameters and programmable impedance network impedance curves; The objective function is constructed by taking minimizing the global fire risk probability as the primary objective and minimizing the false alarm rate and performance loss as secondary objectives. Based on the policy space and the objective function, the configuration optimization of the suppression policy is performed to complete the adaptive configuration of the suppression policy.

4. The method for suppressing high-voltage arcing of an X-ray tube cathode with a metal coating as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Optimizing the configuration of the suppression policy based on the policy space and the objective function includes: Establish constraints on the safe temperature rise and current limits of the cathode assembly; Under the constraints of the aforementioned conditions, an initial policy library is established within the policy space; The objective function is used to evaluate the adaptation of the initial strategy library, and the results of the adaptation evaluation are used to perform iterative updates to complete the configuration optimization.

5. The method of suppressing high voltage striking of an X-ray tube cathode with a metal coating as defined in claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the metal coating is 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers, and the melting point of the metal coating is higher than 2600°C and the yield strength is higher than 550 MPa.

6. The method of suppressing high voltage striking of an X-ray tube cathode with a metal coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The electron emitter is a flat filament with a non-uniform thickness structure, and the distance between the two ends of the flat filament is smaller than the distance in the middle.

7. The method of suppressing high voltage striking of an X-ray tube cathode with a metal coating as defined in claim 1, wherein, Active modulation is performed by controlling the microelectrode array positioned at the edge of the cathode head and the programmable impedance network connected in series with the high-voltage power supply, including: Monitor the effectiveness of control measures and establish a monitoring dataset; The monitoring dataset is used to generate proactive control feedback, and adaptive proactive control optimization management is performed based on the proactive control feedback.

8. An X-ray tube cathode high voltage striking suppression system with a metal coating, characterized in that, The steps for implementing the high-voltage arcing suppression method for the cathode of an X-ray tube with a metal coating as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 include: A sensor deployment module is used to deploy sensor components at the cathode assembly location. The sensor components include a microcurrent sensor, a fiber optic temperature sensor, and an electromagnetic noise detector. The cathode assembly includes an electron emitter and a cathode head. At least one side of the cathode head opposite the electron emitter is coated with a metal coating whose vacuum work function is greater than that of the cathode head body material. The data acquisition module is used to synchronously acquire current spikes, local temperature rises and high-frequency radiation signals using the sensor components, and to establish a discharge precursor feature vector. The model building module is used to construct a physical simulation sub-model based on a cathode component with a metal coating and a discharge precursor feature vector, and to calculate the fire risk probability in different spatial regions using the physical simulation sub-model. The control execution module is used to control the microelectrode array deployed at the edge of the cathode head and the programmable impedance network connected in series with the high-voltage power supply to perform active control after adaptively configuring the suppression strategy according to the arcing risk probability, so as to suppress high-voltage arcing.

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