Thin ice channel keeping device and method based on thermal compensation and double-face heat preservation

Abstract

The invention discloses a thin ice channel keeping device and method based on thermal compensation and double-face heat preservation, the device comprises a plurality of floating tables, each floating table comprises an anchoring floating platform, a storage battery and a compressor are installed in each anchoring floating platform, and each anchoring floating platform is connected with an underwater bubble generating device through a pipeline and an air-dissolved ice making device; a wind-solar complementary power generation device is installed on the compressor and the anchoring floating platform, an ice surface monitoring sensor is installed on the bottom face of the anchoring floating platform, and the wind-solar complementary power generation device and the storage battery are electrically connected. The anchoring floating platform is fixedly connected with a heating rod, the heating rod comprises an outer pipe and a heating inner pipe, and the outer pipe is filled with a refrigerant; a gas-dissolved ice making device is installed on the anchoring floating platform and comprises a seawater conveying pipe, and a seawater spraying head is installed at the top end of the seawater conveying pipe. The thickness of an ice layer in a channel can be reduced, meanwhile, foam ice covers the surface of the channel, the mechanical strength of the ice surface is reduced, and ordinary ships can break ice conveniently.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of polar navigation engineering, in particular to a thin-ice channel maintaining device and method based on thermal compensation and double-sided insulation. BACKGROUND

[0002] The polar region and adjacent areas are cold and long in winter, which leads to the inoperability of the channel. As the shortest sea route connecting the Eurasian continent and the North American continent, the Arctic Channel has a very high shipping value, but it is limited by extreme climate conditions. The winter channel is in a frozen state for a long time due to the thickness of the ice layer. The existing technology lacks active control means for the thickness of the ice layer, and cannot maintain a stable thin ice state (0.3-1.0 meters) in winter, which leads to the fact that ordinary ships still need to rely on icebreakers for escort. In order for ships to pass through the Arctic Channel, icebreakers are often needed to clear the channel, and the difficulty of icebreaking by icebreakers varies with the thickness of the ice surface, requiring extremely high icebreaking cost and energy consumption. The thickness of the ice layer in the Arctic winter can reach 2-4 meters, and the energy consumption of conventional icebreakers is extremely high. The difficulty of icebreaking in winter is great (more nuclear-powered icebreakers are needed), and the channel cannot be maintained for a long time. The bare seawater is faster than the ice surface in heat dissipation, and the traditional icebreaking method will cause the channel to freeze again quickly, which requires repeated icebreaking, resulting in slow traffic and low traffic efficiency. At the same time, the traditional icebreaking method pollutes the ocean with chemical ice-melting agents (such as sodium chloride and calcium magnesium acetate), which will cause abnormal salinity of seawater (local salinity fluctuation > 15 ‰) and damage the polar marine food chain; the underwater noise (above 160 dB) generated by mechanical icebreaking will disturb the sonar system of marine organisms such as whales and seals. Other traditional ice layer control methods mainly rely on external mechanical energy to break ice or heat input (such as ship waste heat and shore-based heating), but there is a limitation of one-way heat conduction: only the lower surface of the ice layer is heated to increase the temperature, and the heat loss from the atmosphere to the ice layer is not blocked (the atmospheric temperature in the Arctic winter is as low as -40℃, and the heat flux density on the upper surface of the ice layer is 50 W / m2), resulting in a huge waste of energy consumption. In view of the problems of excessive thickness of the ice layer in the Arctic winter channel, high icebreaking cost and great ecological impact in the prior art, a thin-ice channel maintaining method based on thermal compensation and double-sided insulation is provided, which realizes controllable ice layer thickness (0.3-1.0 meters) and reduced mechanical strength (compressive strength ≤ 1 MPa) through the synergistic use of ocean deep temperature difference energy and polar new energy, combined with air-soluble ice coverage and seabed bubble convection technology, so that ordinary ships have the ability to break ice independently in winter. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a thin ice channel maintaining device and method with heat compensation and double-side heat preservation to solve the problems existing in the prior art and realize thin ice layer in winter channel with air-soluble ice heat preservation and reduced difficulty in breaking the ice layer. The technical scheme has the characteristics of air-coagulated ice heat insulation (ice layer and low-temperature atmosphere), heat pump heat conduction, seawater bubble generation and forced heat transfer, air cushion under the ice layer (separation of ice layer and seawater layer and reduction of heat transfer), active regulation of ice layer thickness by wind and light energy, suspension platform control of thin ice range in the channel (heat transfer and control), etc., and comprehensively realizes the thin ice channel maintaining technical scheme with heat compensation and double-side heat preservation.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme: the present application provides a thin ice channel maintaining device with heat compensation and double-side heat preservation, comprising: A plurality of floating platforms are arranged in rows on both sides of the channel, and the floating platforms comprise an anchoring floating platform, the anchoring floating platform is internally provided with a storage battery and a compressor, and is connected with a water bubble generating device and an air-soluble ice making device through a pipeline, the compressor is provided with a wind-solar complementary power generation device on the anchoring floating platform, an ice surface monitoring sensor is installed on the bottom surface of the anchoring floating platform, and the wind-solar complementary power generation device and the storage battery are electrically connected with the storage battery; A heating rod is fixedly connected to the anchoring floating platform, the heating rod comprises an outer pipe and a heating inner pipe, the heating inner pipe is located in the outer pipe, and the outer pipe is filled with a refrigerant; The compressor and the heating inner pipe are electrically connected with the storage battery; An air-soluble ice making device is installed on the anchoring floating platform, the air-soluble ice making device comprises a seawater conveying pipe, a seawater spraying head is installed at the top end of the seawater conveying pipe, a seawater filter is installed at the bottom end of the seawater conveying pipe, the seawater filter is located in the seawater, and the compressor is in communication with the seawater conveying pipe; A water bubble generating device is fixedly connected to a fixed cable, the water bubble generating device is in communication with the compressor of the anchoring floating platform and connected with the storage battery through a gas conveying pipe and an electric wire wound on the fixed cable, the water bubble generating device can generate bubbles and flow to the ice surface to ensure the stable formation of the air cushion and isolate the ice layer from the seawater layer.

[0005] Preferably, a fixed cable is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the anchoring floating platform, a fixed anchor is fixedly connected to the fixed cable, and a Beidou positioning system is built-in the anchoring floating platform and is provided with a propeller, so that the position can be automatically adjusted according to ice condition monitoring data.

[0006] Preferably, a plurality of heat dissipation fins are fixedly connected to the outer pipe, the heat dissipation fins are spirally distributed, are used for enhancing the heat exchange efficiency above the ice surface, and realize bidirectional heat regulation in cooperation with the gas-liquid phase change of the refrigerant.

[0007] The technical effects of the present application are as follows: in the device, the anchor floating platform floats on the ice surface, the refrigerant in the outer pipe absorbs heat under the ice, changes into gas from liquid and moves to the upper part of the heating rod to transfer heat, the gaseous refrigerant on the ice cools into liquid and flows downward, the inner pipe is heated when the sea water temperature is too low to provide additional heat under the sea water and thus control the thickness of the ice surface; the wind-solar complementary power generation device is powered by the battery, the battery powers the compressor and the heating inner pipe, the sea water spraying head can rotate to spray the pressurized sea water and the gas-water mixture to the sea surface to form a foamy ice (sleet, gas ice, foamy ice or other types of ice-gas mixture), the sea water conveying pipe is a channel for the migration of the sea water under the ice surface to the sea water spraying head, and can also convey compressed gas to the pipeline and the sea water filter for cleaning, the sea water filter filters the larger plankton and solid impurities in the sea water to prevent pipeline blockage. At the same time, the bubbles formed at the bottom of the sea are used to forcibly convect the sea water with a higher temperature than the ice layer temperature to the bottom of the ice layer and form an air cushion to control the contact of the ice layer with the sea water and raise the temperature of the ice layer, so that the temperature and thickness of the ice layer are controllable. The present application can thin the thickness of the ice layer in the channel, and at the same time, the foamy ice is used to cover the surface of the channel to reduce the mechanical strength of the ice surface and facilitate the ice breaking of ordinary ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative labor.

[0009] Figure 1 Structure schematic diagram of the thin ice channel maintaining device based on heat compensation and double-sided heat preservation of the present application; Figure 2 Structure schematic diagram of the heating rod of the present application; Figure 3 Heat transfer schematic diagram of the heating rod in the working process of the present application; Figure 4 Structure schematic diagram of the floating platform of the present application; Figure 5 Top view of the present application; Figure 6 Structure schematic diagram of the ice making device of the present application; Figure 7 Top view of the heating rod of the present application; Figure 8 Layout on the sea surface of the present application; Figure 9 Direction of heat transfer under the ice surface on both sides of the channel of the present application; Figure 10The schematic diagram of the sea foam ice structure of the present application is shown in the figure; Wherein, 1, heating rod; 11, outer tube; 12, heat sink; 13, refrigerant; 14, heating inner tube; 2, floating platform; 21, anchoring floating platform; 22, wind-solar complementary power generation device; 23, ice surface monitoring sensor; 24, fixed cable; 25, fixed anchor; 26, underwater bubble generating device; 3, gas-dissolved ice making device; 32, seawater conveying pipe; 33, seawater filter; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0011] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0012] Reference Figures 1-10 The present application provides a thin ice channel maintaining device based on thermal compensation and double-sided heat preservation, comprising: A plurality of floating platforms 2 are arranged in rows on both sides of the channel. The floating platform 2 comprises an anchoring floating platform 21, which is internally provided with a storage battery and a compressor. The compressor is connected to the gas-dissolved ice making device 3 and the underwater bubble generating device 26 through a pipeline. The compressor is provided with a wind-solar complementary power generation device 22 on the anchoring floating platform 21. An ice surface monitoring sensor 23 is installed on the bottom surface of the anchoring floating platform 21. The wind-solar complementary power generation device 22 and the storage battery are electrically connected to the storage battery. The anchoring floating platform 21 is fixedly connected with a heating rod 1. The heating rod 1 comprises an outer tube 11 and a heating inner tube 14. The heating inner tube 14 is located in the outer tube 11. The outer tube 11 is filled with a refrigerant 13. The compressor and the heating inner tube 14 are electrically connected to the storage battery. The anchoring floating platform 21 is provided with a gas-dissolved ice making device 3. The gas-dissolved ice making device 3 comprises a seawater conveying pipe 32. A seawater spraying head 31 is installed at the top end of the seawater conveying pipe 32. A seawater filter 33 is installed at the bottom end of the seawater conveying pipe 32. The seawater filter 33 is located in seawater. The compressor is in communication with the seawater conveying pipe 32. The underwater bubble generating device 26 is fixedly connected to the fixed cable 24, and is in communication with the compressor of the anchoring floating platform 21 through the gas conveying pipe and the electric wire wound on the fixed cable 24, and is connected to the storage battery. The underwater bubble generating device 26 can generate bubbles and flow to the ice surface to ensure the stable formation of the air cushion, and insulate the ice layer from the seawater layer.

[0013] In the device, the floating platform 2 is a cylindrical floating island arranged on both sides of the channel to keep the ice in the channel thin, and the anchoring floating platform 21 floats on the ice surface 4. The outer pipe 11 contains refrigerant 13, which circulates through the gas-liquid phase change to lead out the heat in the water under the ice, control the heat loss rate and migration direction, and absorb heat under the ice. The liquid changes into gas and migrates to the upper part of the heating rod 1. The gaseous refrigerant cools to liquid on the ice and flows downward. When the temperature of the seawater in the inner pipe 14 is too low, the inner pipe 14 is heated to provide additional heat to the seawater, thereby controlling the thickness of the ice surface. The wind-solar hybrid power generation device 2 is powered by the storage battery, and the storage battery supplies power to the compressor and the heating inner pipe 14. The compressor helps the air-ice making device 3 to increase the spraying range by increasing the pressure, provides pressure for the air-ice making device 3 to spray seawater to a farther distance to increase the width of the channel, injects gas into the pressurized underwater bubble generating device 26 to generate bubbles on the seabed to drive the warm water on the seabed to flow upward and form an air cushion under the ice surface. The seawater spraying head 31 can rotate to spray the pressurized seawater and the gas-water mixture to the sea surface to form foamy ice on the sea surface. The seawater conveying pipe 32 is a channel for the seawater under the ice surface to migrate to the seawater spraying head. The seawater conveying pipe 32 can also convey compressed gas to the seawater pipeline and the seawater filter 33. The seawater filter 33 filters larger plankton and solid impurities in the seawater to prevent pipeline blockage. In the lower depth of the sea, the compressor can also inject compressed air into the selectively added underwater bubble generating device 26 to assist the generation of bubbles by the underwater bubble generating device 26. The boiling point of the refrigerant is low. In the cold season, the air temperature is lower than the temperature of the warm water on the seabed. After the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the warm water on the seabed, it vaporizes and migrates upward. After contacting the heat sink on the sea surface and the cold air, it liquefies again without external human intervention. In the warm season, the air temperature is higher than the temperature of the warm water on the seabed, and the gas-liquid phase change cycle does not occur spontaneously. However, the sea surface is generally not frozen at this time, and the device does not need to work.

[0014] Figure 9 As can be seen from the above, the heat in the seawater moves upward to form a convection under the ice surface, which continuously weakens the thickness of the ice layer.

[0015] The anchoring floating platform 21 is fixed to the seabed through the fixed cable 24 and the fixed anchor 25, and can resist polar wind waves and ice layer extrusion. The positioning accuracy is ≤2 meters.

[0016] Several floating platforms can control the channel boundary. Several floating platforms are arranged in rows on both sides of the channel, and the floating platform includes an anchored floating platform, a wind-solar complementary power generation device, an ice surface monitoring sensor, a fixed cable, a fixed anchor, and an underwater bubble generating device 26. The anchored floating platform is internally provided with a storage battery and a compressor and an intelligent temperature control system. The ice surface monitoring sensor under the floating platform includes an ice layer thickness sensor (ultrasonic type, accuracy ±5mm), a seawater temperature sensor (platinum resistance type, accuracy ±0.1℃), and a salinity sensor (conductivity type, accuracy ±0.5‰). Real-time collection of ice condition data, the ice surface monitoring sensor of the floating platform monitors the ice layer thickness (H), the seawater temperature (T1), and the atmospheric temperature (T2) in real time. When H>1.0 meter and the monitoring point temperature T1<0℃, the heating inner tube and the bubble generator are started to work cooperatively. The ice layer thickness is ensured to be within the range of 0.01-1.0 m. An edge computing module is carried, and the heating power and the bubble generation parameters are dynamically adjusted through a fuzzy control algorithm.

[0017] The wind-solar complementary power generation device is installed on the anchored floating platform. The wind-solar complementary power generation device is provided with a foldable monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel (conversion efficiency ≥22%, daily power generation capacity ≥50kWh in the polar day period) and a three-blade vertical axis wind turbine (start-up wind speed 2.5m / s, rated power 10kW) at the top. It is suitable for the polar high wind speed and low light environment. The ice surface monitoring sensor is installed on the bottom surface of the anchored floating platform. The wind-solar complementary power generation device and the storage battery are electrically connected. The storage battery can store energy at low temperature and is composed of a battery group of graphene-based lithium and other materials (capacity 200kWh, -50℃ cycle life >2000 times). It provides stable power for the compressor (power 5-15kW) and the heating inner tube (power 10-30kW). The anchored floating platform adopts a hollow steel structure float (length 20-50 meters, width 5-10 meters). The bottom surface is provided with a flow guide groove to reduce the ice collision resistance. The surface is paved with a polyimide heat preservation layer (thickness 5cm, thermal conductivity coefficient ≤0.02W / (m•K)). It is equipped with a fixed cable and a gravity anchor (anchor weight 5-10 tons) which can resist 12 level wind waves and 1.5 meter thick ice layer extrusion with a positioning accuracy ≤2 meters. The boundary of the suspended platform can be controlled. The present application is composed of a plurality of movable floating platforms. The suspended platform draws the channel boundary through anchor chains or power driven devices. The temperature sensor arranged at the bottom and the underwater bubble generator are linked to ensure that the ice layer thickness in the channel is maintained at 0.3-1.0 meters. In a high salinity environment (salinity >35‰), the gas supply pressure is increased to 2MPa, the bubble generation frequency is increased to 50Hz, and the bubble stability is enhanced (breakage rate <5%). In extremely cold weather (T2<-30℃), the gas solubility ice gas content is increased to 65%, and the heating inner tube power is increased by 20%, maintaining the upper surface temperature of the ice layer ≥-25℃, preventing the gas solubility ice from being excessively brittle.

[0018] The heating rod is fixedly connected to the anchoring floating platform, and comprises an outer pipe, a heating inner pipe and a fin. The heating inner pipe is located in the outer pipe, and the outer pipe is filled with refrigerant. The outer pipe is a φ108mm stainless steel pipe, the inner wall of which is plated with a 20μm thick graphene heat conduction layer, and the outer side is welded with spiral fins (with a spacing of 5cm and a height of 3cm) to improve the heat exchange area with seawater (the heat exchange area of a single heating rod is greater than or equal to 2m 2 ). The inner pipe is a φ50mm copper pipe with a built-in nickel-chromium alloy heating wire, and the surface is coated with a high-temperature resistant insulating layer. When the temperature at the monitoring point is lower than the freezing temperature, auxiliary heating is started, and the heating power can be adjusted in the range of 0-30kW. The outer pipe is filled with low-temperature refrigerant (boiling point -10 ~10℃), and high-efficiency heat transfer is achieved through gas-liquid phase change: the liquid refrigerant under ice absorbs the heat of seawater and vaporizes upward, and liquefies back to flow when it reaches the top of the ice, forming a natural circulation (heat exchange efficiency is greater than or equal to 90%). The fins are arranged in a spiral, with a spacing of about 5-10cm and a height of about 3-5cm.

[0019] The heating rod can perform temperature difference exchange. The heating rod vertically penetrates the ice layer and is inserted into the deep sea. The condensing section is located in the shallow seawater layer, the evaporation section is located in the deep high-temperature seawater layer, and the adiabatic section is wrapped in the middle of the ice layer, which is used to conduct the heat of the deep seawater (2-10℃) to the surface. The heating rod can be heat compensated according to new energy, including wind and light power generation devices, energy storage batteries and intelligent temperature control systems arranged on both sides of the channel. The intelligent temperature control system adjusts the heating power of the heating rod according to the data of the ice layer thickness sensor, and actively controls the thickness of the ice layer. The heating rod can perform heat compensation on wind and light energy. When the ice layer is too thick (>1.0m), the heating inner pipe starts to convert wind and light energy into heat energy (efficiency is greater than or equal to 95%), which is conducted to the lower surface of the ice layer through the outer pipe, and the seawater temperature is raised to above -1.5℃ (the freezing point of seawater is about -1.8℃), promoting the melting of the bottom of the ice layer. The heating rod can also perform heat compensation on seawater heat. When the outer pipe fins form a cold end below the ice surface (0.1-0.5m below the sea surface), the heat of the deep high-temperature seawater is transferred to the lower part of the ice layer. In addition, the bubbles formed on the seabed strengthen the convection between the deep high-temperature seawater and the seawater at the bottom of the ice layer, realizing the double insulation of the top air-soluble ice cover layer.

[0020] The compressor and the heating inner pipe are electrically connected to the storage battery. The air-soluble ice making device is installed on the anchoring floating platform, and the air-soluble ice making device comprises a seawater conveying pipe, a seawater spraying head is installed at the top end of the seawater conveying pipe, a seawater filter (filter screen precision 50μm, filtration efficiency ≥99%) is installed at the bottom end of the seawater conveying pipe, the seawater filter is located in seawater, and a compressor is in communication with the seawater conveying pipe; the seawater spraying head at the top end of the sea surface anchoring floating platform can adopt a structure similar to a Venturi jet pump (inlet pressure 1-3MPa, mixing efficiency ≥95%), and pretreated seawater (salinity 30-35‰ after removal of suspended solids) and compressed gas (CO2 / N2, volume ratio 40%-60%) are mixed; the air-water mixture is uniformly sprayed to the ice surface through the rotatable seawater spraying head (rotation speed 10-20rpm, spraying angle 120°), and is rapidly solidified under the condition of-20~-30℃ to form air-soluble ice (porosity 70%-80%, thermal conductivity ≤0.08W / (m•K)) with a thickness of 5-15cm, which can block more than 75% of atmospheric long-wave radiation.

[0021] The air-soluble ice making device can be arranged on the anchoring floating platform, and can also be arranged on a ship or along the coast of a river and sea; the device mixes air (volume ratio 30%-70%) injected by a compressor with seawater to generate air-soluble ice or a sleet-like ice cover layer with a porosity of 60%-80% and a thermal conductivity of ≤0.1W / (m•K) on the surface of the ice layer; An underwater bubble generating device is installed and used in an area with high ocean hydrology, and can adopt a porous ceramic nozzle (pore diameter 80μm, opening rate 30%) arranged on the seabed (5-100 meters from the bottom surface of the ice layer) and connected with the compressor of the floating platform through a high-pressure air pipe (pressure resistance 2MPa) to generate uniform bubble groups with a diameter of 20-50mm; low-density bubbles moving upward are generated in the high-temperature area, and the high-temperature water body at the seabed is forced to move upward, and the water body further carries the heat generated by the heating rod upward and to the sea surface during the convection process, the bubbles push the seawater to form forced convection (flow rate 0.1-0.3m / s) during the upward floating process, and the deep high-temperature seawater (4-10℃) is brought to the bottom of the ice layer, and a bubble layer (thermal resistance ≥15 (m•K) / W) with a thickness of 5-20cm is formed at the ice-water interface, which blocks the direct contact and direct heat conduction between the ice surface and the seawater, and reduces the heat loss (reduction ≥60%) of the ice layer to the seawater. Through the underwater bubble generator array composed of multiple underwater bubbles, forced convection is formed during the upward floating process of the bubbles, deep heat is brought to the bottom of the ice layer, and a gas cushion with a thickness of 1-20cm is formed between the ice layer and the seawater, which isolates the contact and rapid heat transfer between the ice layer and the seawater.

[0022] Further optimization scheme, the anchoring floating platform 21 is fixedly connected with a fixed cable 24, and the fixed cable 24 is fixedly connected with a fixed anchor 25.

[0023] The fixed anchor 25 is fixed on the anchor position of the seabed, and the fixed cable 24 is used for connecting the fixed anchor 25 and the anchoring floating platform 21.

[0024] Further optimization scheme, the outer tube 11 is fixedly connected with a plurality of radiating fins 12.

[0025] The radiating fin 21 increases the contact area of heat and air to accelerate heat dissipation.

[0026] A thin ice channel maintaining method based on heat compensation and double-sided heat preservation, the working steps are: (1) Renewable energy is collected through a wind and light power generation device, stored in an energy storage battery and used to power a heat rod and a bubble generator; (2) The heat rod utilizes the temperature difference between the deep sea (2-10 DEG C) and the surface (1.8-0 DEG C) to conduct heat to the bottom of the ice layer, and the bubble generator generates a bubble group, which promotes the convection of seawater to raise the temperature of the lower surface of the ice layer to above the freezing temperature of 1.5 DEG C (3) When the ice layer thickness monitoring value exceeds 1 meter, the intelligent temperature control system starts the heat rod electric heating wire compensation heating, and combines the disturbance effect of the bubble group to control the ice layer thickness to be 0.3-1.0 meter; (4) Before the ship sails, a 5-15cm thick gas coagulation ice cover layer is prepared on the ice layer surface of the channel through a gas-water mixing device, the heat conduction (heat flux density ≤5W / m2) of the atmosphere to the ice layer is reduced, and the mechanical strength of the ice layer is reduced to the range (compressive strength ≤1MPa) that can be broken by ordinary ships; (5) The suspended platform monitors the channel boundary in real time, adjusts the position and the bubble generator parameters to ensure that the ice layer in the channel is uniform and controllable, and realizes continuous ship passage.

[0027] In step two, the gas supply parameters of the bubble group are adjusted in real time according to the salinity of seawater: when the salinity is greater than 35‰, the gas supply pressure is increased; in step four, the gas content of the foam ice is adjusted according to the environmental temperature: when the air temperature is less than-10 DEG C, the gas coagulation ice of the gas-dissolved ice making device is increased, and the gas volume ratio is increased to 50%-70%, to further enhance the heat insulation effect.

[0028] The advantages of the present application are: natural heating: utilizing the heat difference principle of the deep water temperature 4 DEG C and the bottom of the ice layer about 0 DEG C, the deep sea 4 DEG C warm water automatically upwelling, the natural convection in the heating rod 1 realizes that the surface water temperature is maintained at about 0 DEG C, and a heat preservation layer for maintaining thin ice state is formed; Artificial heating: the wind and light complementary power generation device 22 is used to charge the battery, and the heating inner tube 14 is used to supplement heat, so that the problem of thickening of the ice layer in extremely low temperature is avoided; at the same time, the ice surface monitoring sensor 23 is used to monitor the thickness of the ice layer, so that the problem of faster heat dissipation caused by too thin ice layer or increased ice breaking difficulty caused by too thick ice layer is avoided; Anchored floating platform: the anchored floating platform 2 floating on the sea surface uses fixed anchors and fixed cables to ensure that the device can operate stably; Ice thickness maintenance: maintaining the thin ice state of the sea surface greatly reduces the heat dissipation speed of the sea surface, maintains the thin ice state, and greatly reduces the difficulty of ice breaking and ship navigation; Surface heat preservation of natural thermal insulation material: the sea surface is in a bubble ice mode (gas-liquid mixed state, loose ice layer is constructed, similar to shaved ice state or gas ice, with a certain density and looseness) through the sea water spraying head 31, the sea water spraying head 31 realizes air condensation to form a sleet mode or water and air mixing is sprayed, and air cooling is in a gas ice state; so as to greatly reduce the heat transfer between the ice surface and the atmosphere, and weaken the mechanical strength of the ice surface, improve the ice breaking and navigation efficiency of the ship; Convection heat control and distributed heating control, forming an ice bottom distributed heating mode, weakening the thickness of the sea ice layer; Double-sided heat preservation: the upper layer of gas-dissolved ice blocks the invasion of atmospheric cold energy, and the lower layer of bubble cushion insulates the loss of seawater cold energy, forming a "sandwich" heat resistance structure (total thermal resistance ≥ 20 (m•K) / W), so that the net heat flux density of the ice layer is reduced to below ±5W / m2, and the thickness is thinned and stable control is realized. The steam pocket generated under the sea bottom drives the warm water on the sea bottom to flow upward to the low temperature area on the ice surface, and at the same time, the "air cushion" is generated in the ice surface and sea water combined area of the channel, which greatly reduces the contact and heat transfer efficiency between the ice layer and the sea water. Thus, the sea ice effect is greatly reduced, and the thin ice layer is controlled. The bubble cushion under the ice layer and the steam pocket ice generated on the sea surface together build a thin ice layer to regulate the thickness of the ice layer on the sea surface.

[0029] The present application combines the principle of ocean temperature difference (the temperature of the seawater under the ice surface is higher than the freezing temperature, for example: about 0-10 degrees Celsius, the specific temperature is the ocean current temperature and the change of seawater salinity) and the abundant wind and light resources in the Arctic (long photovoltaic output and wind resources in polar day), and integrates ocean temperature difference energy (natural heat source) and wind and light renewable energy (supplementary heat source). Compared with traditional electric heating ice breaking, the energy saving is more than 70%, and the composite heat management of "passive heat exchange + active compensation" is realized.

[0030] The thickness of the ice layer in the channel is thinned, and the ice layer is controllable; at the same time, the foam ice or gas ice covers the surface of the channel, greatly reducing the heat conduction between the ice layer and the atmosphere, and by controlling the thickness (0.1-1.0 meters) and mechanical strength (compressive strength ≤1.0 MPa) of the ice layer, ordinary cargo ships (ice breaking capacity PC5 level) with reinforced bow can break the ice layer independently without professional ice breaking ship escort, and the traffic efficiency is greatly improved. At the same time, the mechanical strength of the ice surface is reduced, which is convenient for ordinary ship ice breaking, and the winter navigation difficulty is greatly reduced through comprehensive means.

[0031] The ecological friendly design is realized, no chemical agent outside the Arctic and ecological environment is used, such as chemical ice-melting agent, foaming liquid and the like, bubble generator noise is less than or equal to 100 dB (60% lower than mechanical ice breaking), and the air-ice material can be naturally degraded (naturally dissolved by temperature rising), the influence on the polar ecology is reduced to the minimum. The influence on the ocean ecology and environment is also smaller.

[0032] In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0033] The above-described embodiments are only preferred modes of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A thin ice channel maintaining device based on thermal compensation and double-sided heat preservation, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of ice layer thickness control system, including: Several floating platforms (2), several the floating platform (2) are arranged in rows on both sides of channel, the floating platform (2) includes anchoring floating platform (21), battery and compressor are installed in the anchoring floating platform (21), wind-solar hybrid power generation device (22) is installed on the anchoring floating platform (21), ice surface monitoring sensor (23) is installed on the bottom surface of the anchoring floating platform (21), the wind-solar hybrid power generation device (22) and the battery are electrically connected with the battery; The anchoring floating platform (21) is fixedly connected with heating rod (1), the heating rod (1) includes outer tube (11) and heating inner tube (14), the heating inner tube (14) is located in the outer tube (11), the outer tube (11) is filled with refrigerant (13); The compressor and the heating inner tube (14) are electrically connected with the battery; The anchoring floating platform (21) is installed with air-dissolved ice making device (3), the air-dissolved ice making device (3) includes seawater delivery pipe (32), seawater spraying head (31) is installed at the top of the seawater delivery pipe (32), seawater filter (33) is installed at the bottom of the seawater delivery pipe (32), the seawater filter (33) is located in the seawater, the compressor is communicated with the seawater delivery pipe (32); Underwater bubble generating device (26) is fixedly connected on fixed cable (24), the underwater bubble generating device (26) is communicated with the compressor through gas delivery pipe wound on the fixed cable (24), the underwater bubble generating device (26) can generate bubbles and flow to ice surface to ensure that air cushion is stably formed, and insulate ice layer from seawater layer.

2. A thin ice channel maintaining device based on thermal compensation and double-sided heat preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring floating platform (21) is fixedly connected with fixed cable (24) on the bottom surface, fixed anchor (25) is fixedly connected on the fixed cable (24), the anchoring floating platform (21) is built-in Beidou positioning system and propulsion, and can automatically adjust position according to ice condition monitoring data.

3. A thin ice channel maintaining device based on thermal compensation and double-sided heat preservation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several radiating fins (12) are fixedly connected on the outer tube (11), the radiating fins (12) are distributed in spiral shape, for enhancing heat exchange efficiency above ice surface, and realizing two-way heat regulation and control in cooperation with gas-liquid phase change of the refrigerant (13).

4. A thin-ice channel maintenance method based on thermal compensation and double-side heat preservation, the thin-ice channel maintenance device based on thermal compensation and double-side heat preservation according to claim 3, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step one, renewable energy is collected by wind-solar hybrid power generation device (22), stored in battery and powers heating rod (1) and underwater bubble generating device (26); Step two, heating rod (1) utilizes the temperature difference of ocean deep part and shallow surface, and transmits heat to below ice layer, while underwater bubble generating device (26) generates bubble group, through forced seawater convection, the temperature of lower surface of ice layer is lifted to above-1.5 ℃ of freezing temperature, the temperature range of ocean deep part is 2-10 ℃, and the temperature range of ocean shallow surface is-1.8-0 ℃; Step three, when ice layer thickness monitoring value exceeds 1 meter, intelligent temperature control system starts heating wire compensation heating of heating rod (1), and combines the disturbance effect of bubble group, to control ice layer thickness to be 0.3-1.0 meter. Step four, before the ship sailing, a 5-15cm thick gas coagulation ice cover is prepared on the surface of the ice layer in the channel by the gas-water mixing device, reducing the heat conduction of the atmosphere to the ice layer, and at the same time reducing the mechanical strength of the ice layer to the range that can be broken by ordinary ships; Step five, the suspended platform monitors the channel boundary in real time, adjusts the position and bubble generator parameters to ensure that the ice layer in the channel is uniform and controllable, and realizes continuous passage of ships.

5. The thin-ice channel maintenance method based on thermal compensation and double-sided thermal insulation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gas supply parameters of the bubble group in step two are adjusted in real time according to the salinity of seawater: when the salinity is > 35‰, the gas supply pressure is increased.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the method is based on thermal compensation and double-sided insulation of the thin ice channel. In step four, the gas content of the foam ice is adjusted according to the ambient temperature: when the temperature is <-10℃, the gas coagulation ice of the gas-dissolved ice making device is increased, and the gas volume ratio is increased to 50%-70%, further enhancing the heat insulation effect.

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