High-moisture-absorption and easy-care elastic real silk fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a high-moisture-absorption and easy-care elastic real silk fabric and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of textiles. The yarn is formed by weaving high-performance silk blank yarn, the yarn is of a core-spun structure, spandex fiber serves as core yarn, and an outer covering layer formed by blending spun silk short fiber and water-soluble vinylon short fiber according to a certain proportion wraps the outer covering layer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: proportioning and mixing the raw materials: uniformly mixing the spun silk short fibers with the dry weight ratio of 60-80% and the water-soluble vinylon short fibers; composite spinning: adopting a core-spun spinning process, taking the mixed fiber strips as wrapping fibers, pre-drafting spandex filaments and then taking the wrapped fibers and the pre-drafted spandex filaments as core filaments, and jointly feeding the wrapping fibers and the pre-drafted spandex filaments into a spinning frame to be spun into core-spun yarns; weaving, wherein the obtained covering yarn serves as warp and weft, and gray fabric is prepared through a weaving or knitting technology; and after-finishing: treating the gray fabric in hot water at the temperature of 90 DEG C or above for 20-40 minutes. The elastic real silk fabric is remarkably improved in water absorption, excellent in elasticity, easy to care and soft and fluffy in hand feeling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of textile technology, specifically relating to a method for preparing composite functional yarn and its fabric production process, particularly a method for preparing high-performance spun yarn and its fabric using spandex as the core yarn and covered with a blend of silk and water-soluble vinylon fibers. Background Technology

[0002] Silk fibers, renowned as the "Queen of Fibers" for their softness, skin-friendliness, and elegant luster, are widely used in high-end underwear, loungewear, and towels. However, silk fabrics suffer from the following technical drawbacks in practical applications: 1. Poor moisture absorption and quick-drying properties: Compared with the hollow structure of cotton fibers, although silk fibers have a certain degree of moisture absorption, the rate of moisture diffusion and evaporation is slower. When used in towel products, the water absorption rate and drainage performance are not as good as cotton products, resulting in a strong residual dampness after use and slow drying.

[0003] 2. Wrinkles easily and is difficult to care for: Silk fabrics lose strength when wet and are prone to wrinkles and deformation after washing. They usually require hand washing or dry cleaning, and the care process is cumbersome. They are not as durable or convenient as synthetic fiber fabrics.

[0004] In existing technologies, finishing agents such as moisture-wicking agents and softeners are often used to modify silk. However, the effects of these finishing agents are not durable, and their functionality significantly diminishes after repeated washing. Blending silk with cotton or synthetic fibers can also improve performance, but this sacrifices the unique feel and quality of silk. Therefore, it is necessary to start with yarn structure design to develop a high-performance silk yarn and its fabric preparation method that can significantly improve the moisture-wicking, quick-drying, and wrinkle-resistant properties of silk fabrics while retaining their original excellent characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of silk fabrics compared with cotton, such as poor moisture absorption and inconvenient washing and care, and to provide a highly absorbent and easy-to-care-for elastic silk fabric and its preparation method.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A highly absorbent and easy-care elastic silk fabric is characterized in that it is woven from a high-performance silk filament yarn, which has a core-spun structure with spandex fiber as the core yarn and an outer covering layer made of a blend of silk short fibers and water-soluble vinylon short fibers in a certain proportion.

[0007] A method for preparing a highly absorbent and easy-care elastic silk fabric includes the following steps: The first step, raw material proportioning and mixing: uniformly mix 60%–80% dry weight of silk staple fiber with water-soluble vinylon staple fiber; The second step is composite spinning: using core-spun spinning technology, the above-mentioned mixed fiber strips are used as outer fibers, and the spandex filaments are pre-stretched to a draft ratio of 2.5–4.0 and used as core fibers. They are fed together into a spinning machine to produce core-spun yarn, in which the spandex content accounts for 3%–8% of the total weight of the yarn; thus producing high-performance spun yarn.

[0008] The third step is weaving: the obtained high-performance silk yarn is used as warp and weft yarns and made into greige fabric through machine weaving or knitting processes. The fourth step is finishing: the greige fabric is treated in hot water above 90℃ for 20–40 minutes to fully dissolve and remove the water-soluble vinylon fibers, so that the high-performance silk yarn in the greige fabric becomes high-performance silk yarn. Then, dyeing, softening and setting treatments are carried out.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: 1. Significantly improved water absorption: After the water-soluble fibers dissolve, they form permanent micropores and channels inside and between the yarns, enhancing the capillary effect and enabling rapid absorption, diffusion and removal of moisture. The moisture absorption and quick-drying performance is comparable to cotton fabrics.

[0010] 2. Excellent elasticity and easy care: The spandex core yarn provides lasting elasticity, the fabric has good wrinkle resistance, it is easy to restore its smoothness after washing, it can be machine washed (gentle mode), and care is simple.

[0011] 3. Soft and fluffy to the touch: After the removal of water-soluble fibers, the silk fibers are looser, and the fabric has a fluffy and soft touch.

[0012] 4. Lightweight and breathable: The dissolution of water-soluble fibers results in a fabric weight reduction rate of 20%–40%, with a loose structure that improves breathability and moisture permeability.

[0013] 5. Retains the characteristics of real silk: Modified through physical means, without damaging the silk fibers, it retains the advantages of being skin-friendly, having a good luster, and being biocompatible.

[0014] In summary, this invention fundamentally improves the performance shortcomings of silk fabrics through an integrated "spinning-weaving-dissolving" process, expanding its application in high-end towels, underwear, sportswear, and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-performance silk yarn described in this invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the fabric preparation process described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Figure 1In the figure, 1 is spandex core filament; 2 is silk short fiber; and 3 is water-soluble vinylon short fiber. As shown in the figure, the silk yarn is a typical core-spun yarn structure. The spandex core filament (1) is tightly covered by the outer fiber layer, which is composed of a uniform mixture of silk short fiber (2) and water-soluble vinylon short fiber (3).

[0018] Figure 2 The flowchart shows the complete process steps from raw materials to finished products, including: raw material proportioning and mixing → composite spinning (core-spun yarn forming) → weaving (making greige fabric) → finishing (de-sizing, scouring, dyeing, and setting) → final product.

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the listed embodiments.

[0020] Example 1: Preparation of highly absorbent silk towels 1. Raw material ratio: Open and mix the silk staple fiber and water-soluble vinylon staple fiber at a dry weight ratio of 65:35.

[0021] 2. Composite spinning: The above-mentioned mixed fiber sliver is used as the outer fiber and fed together with pre-stretched (stretch ratio of 3.5) 40D spandex yarn into a spinning machine to produce a 36Nm core-spun yarn. The spandex content is controlled to be 5% of the total yarn weight.

[0022] 3. Weaving: The core-spun yarn obtained is used as the warp yarn and woven into towel fabric using a shuttle loom.

[0023] 4. Post-processing: Vinylon fiber removal treatment: The woven fabric is placed in a 95℃ hot water bath for 30 minutes, with continuous circulation, to completely dissolve and remove the water-soluble vinylon fibers, thus transforming the high-performance silk yarn in the fabric into high-performance silk yarn.

[0024] Subsequent processing: The fabric is then subjected to conventional silk scouring, reactive dyeing, softener treatment (amino silicone softener), and setting and drying at 120°C.

[0025] 5. Performance Testing: Water absorption: The measured water diffusion time of the fabric is <1 second and the water evaporation rate is >0.35g / h, which is better than or equal to that of pure cotton towels of the same specifications.

[0026] Terry fabric feels fluffy, soft, and smooth, with the luster and dry feel of silk.

[0027] Weight reduction rate: After the de-fiber treatment, the fabric weight is reduced by approximately 28%.

[0028] Example 2: Preparation of Easy-care Elastic Silk Underwear Fabric 1. Raw material ratio: Mix silk staple fiber and water-soluble vinylon staple fiber at a dry weight ratio of 70:30.

[0029] 2. Composite spinning: Using a core-spun spinning process similar to that in Example 1, a high-performance silk greige yarn with a core-spun yarn of 40 Nm is spun, and the spandex (30D) content is controlled to be 6% of the total yarn weight.

[0030] 3. Weaving: High-performance silk greige yarn is used in a circular knitting machine to weave double-sided knitted greige fabric.

[0031] 4. Post-processing: The process flow is the same as in Example 1, but the de-coring conditions are 98℃ for 25 minutes.

[0032] 5. Performance Testing: Care-care: After being washed in a household washing machine on the gentle cycle (simulating 20 cycles), the fabric does not require ironing and will be smooth and free of irreversible wrinkles after hanging to dry.

[0033] Elasticity and comfort: The fabric has moderate lateral elasticity, conforms to the curves of the human body, does not feel oppressive, and has excellent breathability and moisture permeability.

[0034] Feel: It retains the skin-friendly feel and delicacy unique to silk.

[0035] Comparative Example Made from 100% silk raw materials, spun into 36Nm yarn using traditional techniques and woven into towels. Its water absorption rate is significantly slower than the product of Example 1 of this invention, and it feels heavy and takes a long time to dry after use. It easily becomes stiff and wrinkled after washing, and its feel is far inferior to the product of this invention.

[0036] The above description is merely illustrative of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not depart from the content of this specification or exceed the scope defined by the claims, all of which should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A highly absorbent and easy-care elastic silk fabric, characterized in that: It is made from a high-performance silk filament yarn through weaving and finishing. The high-performance silk filament yarn has a core-spun structure, with spandex fiber as the core yarn and an outer covering layer made of a blend of silk short fibers and water-soluble vinylon short fibers in a certain proportion.

2. The method for preparing a highly absorbent and easy-care elastic silk fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first step, raw material proportioning and mixing: uniformly mix 60%–80% dry weight of silk staple fiber with water-soluble vinylon staple fiber; The second step is composite spinning: using core-spun spinning technology, the above-mentioned mixed fiber strips are used as outer fibers, and the spandex filaments are pre-stretched with a draft ratio of 2.5–4.0 and then used as core filaments. They are fed together into a spinning machine to produce core-spun yarn, in which the spandex content accounts for 3%–8% of the total weight of the yarn; high-performance spun yarn is obtained. The third step is weaving: the obtained high-performance silk greige yarn is used as warp and weft yarns and made into greige fabric through machine weaving or knitting processes. The fourth step is finishing: the greige fabric is treated in hot water above 90℃ for 20–40 minutes to fully dissolve and remove the water-soluble vinylon fibers, so that the high-performance silk yarn in the greige fabric becomes high-performance silk yarn. Then, dyeing, softening and setting treatments are carried out.

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