Prefabricated part finished product punching equipment for constructional engineering

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building prefabricated part machining, in particular to prefabricated part finished product punching equipment for constructional engineering, which comprises a frame, a prefabricated part and a punch, a support frame is fixed at the top of the frame, a hydraulic cylinder is mounted at the top of the support frame, and a cleaning structure for cleaning impurities outside the punch is mounted at the bottom of the frame. A material pushing structure is installed on the side edge of the frame and used for pushing the prefabricated part to move on the top of the frame, the cleaning structure comprises a movable plate arranged on the inner side of the frame, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the movable plate. And the no-load return stroke after the punch finishes punching is converted into an effective acting stroke. Specifically, the power of the return stroke of the punch is used for driving the material pushing mechanism, automatic conveying of the prefabricated part is achieved, return stroke energy wasted in traditional equipment is recycled through the design, and the overall energy utilization efficiency of the equipment is remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of building prefabricated part processing, and particularly relates to a special equipment for punching a formed building prefabricated part, such as a new type of sintered brick, a water permeable brick, a building block and the like. BACKGROUND

[0002] The prefabricated part product punching of the new type of sintered brick, the water permeable brick, the building block and the like optimizes the use performance and the construction adaptability, can reduce the self weight and the material consumption of the building block and the sintered brick, enhances the adhesion with the mortar, improves the heat preservation and insulation effect, and can also reserve a pipeline hole or a connecting hole according to the installation requirement, so as to adapt to the assembly requirement of different building scenes.

[0003] The new type of sintered brick, the water permeable brick and the building block are commonly used in building engineering, and the commonly used equipment for punching the same is a hydraulic punching machine. The existing hydraulic punching machine drives a punch through a hydraulic cylinder, and a piston is pushed to move linearly by high-pressure oil generated by a hydraulic system, so as to complete the punching of the prefabricated part.

[0004] In the prior art, the hydraulic system also needs to consume energy to reset the punch during the return process of the punch after completing the punching, but the return process does not perform any processing task, and the work done is regarded as "no-load operation", which directly wastes energy.

[0005] In addition, the punch of the existing hydraulic punching machine is easy to adhere to dust, particles and other impurities during the working process. The adhesion of dust, particles and other impurities to the punch will cause the punching precision to decrease and the wear to intensify, and may also scratch the surface of the prefabricated part or cause jamming to affect the normal operation of the equipment. The current cleaning means mainly relies on manual cleaning by a brush, consumes time and labor cost, causes additional economic loss, cannot reasonably utilize the self energy generated during the working process of the hydraulic machine to realize synchronous cleaning, and causes energy waste. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims at solving the problems in the background art, and provides a prefabricated part product punching equipment for building engineering.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme: a prefabricated part product punching equipment for building engineering, comprising: a frame, a prefabricated part and a punch, a support frame is fixed on the top of the frame, a hydraulic cylinder is installed on the top of the support frame, a cleaning structure for cleaning the external impurities of the punch is installed on the bottom of the frame, and a pushing structure is installed on the side of the frame, and the pushing structure is used to push the prefabricated part to move on the top of the frame.

[0008] The cleaning structure includes a movable plate arranged inside the frame, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the movable plate, a punch is installed at the bottom of the movable plate, a first column is fixed to the movable plate, an air cavity is arranged in the first column, a first piston plate is slidably connected in the air cavity, a second column is fixed to the bottom of the first piston plate, the first column penetrates through a support frame, a backing plate is fixed to the bottom of the first column, a through hole is formed in the backing plate, the punch is adapted to the through hole, and a first spring is arranged between the top of the air cavity and the first piston plate.

[0009] As a further scheme of the present application, the cleaning structure further includes a gas collecting box fixed to the back of the backing plate, a first air pipe is arranged between the air cavity and the gas collecting box, a groove is arranged outside the through hole of the backing plate in a hidden manner, air injection holes are uniformly distributed on the wall of the through hole, a second air pipe is arranged between the groove and the gas collecting box, and a one-way valve is arranged at the first air pipe and the second air pipe.

[0010] As a further scheme of the present application, a gas inlet structure is arranged at the top of the first column, the gas inlet structure includes a gas inlet arranged at the top of the first column, a sealing plate is arranged at the top of the air cavity through a torsion spring hinge, and a pressing rod is fixed to the top of the support frame and used for pressing the sealing plate.

[0011] As a further scheme of the present application, the cleaning structure is connected with a lubricating assembly used for lubricating the punch, the lubricating assembly includes an oil storage box arranged in the groove, an oil injection pipe is connected with the oil storage box and extends out of the groove, a second piston plate made of an iron block is slidably connected in the oil storage box, and a ring of magnets is arranged in the punch in a hidden manner.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present application, the lubricating assembly further includes a partition plate fixed in the oil storage box, the second piston plate and the partition plate are connected through a third spring, a through slot is arranged at one end of the partition plate and the oil storage box, a thin rod is fixed to the second piston plate, a thick rod is fixed to the thin rod, the thick rod is arranged in the through slot of the partition plate, and an oil discharge hole is arranged at one end of the oil storage box.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present application, the pushing structure includes a sliding groove arranged at two sides of the frame, an extension rod is slidably connected in the sliding groove, a pushing plate is fixed to the extension rod, the support frame is provided with a vertical slot, a connecting rod is slidably connected in the vertical slot, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the movable plate, and a rack is fixed to the other end of the connecting rod.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present application, the pushing structure further comprises a support plate fixed outside the frame, a damping rotating shaft is rotatably connected inside the support plate, a gear meshing with the rack is rotatably connected at the connection between the frame and the support frame, one end of the damping rotating shaft is fixed with a hollow disc, one end of the gear is fixed with a disc, the hollow disc is provided with an inclined groove and a circular groove, an arc-shaped plate is fixed outside the disc, the arc-shaped plate is located inside the circular groove so that the disc rotates in the hollow disc, the other end of the damping rotating shaft is fixed with a wire wheel, the wire wheel winds a pull rope, and one end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the extension rod.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present application, the disc is provided with a notch, a No. 2 spring is fixed inside the notch, and the No. 2 spring is fixed with a ball.

[0016] As a further scheme of the present application, one end of the frame is provided with a discharging port.

[0017] The prefabricated product punching equipment for building engineering has the beneficial effects that: 1. The present application converts the idle return stroke of the punch after completing the punching into an effective working stroke through a clever pure mechanical linkage design. Specifically, the power of the punch return stroke is used to drive the pushing mechanism, realizing the automatic conveying of the prefabricated product. This design recycles the wasted return energy in traditional equipment, significantly improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the equipment.

[0018] 2. The present application integrates automatic cleaning and lubrication based on gas pressure energy storage. The automatic cleaning utilizes the high-pressure gas accumulated during the punching stroke to automatically clean the surface of the punch, and the magnetically driven lubrication realizes intermittent lubrication through magnetic force. Both do not require electronic control elements, which effectively solves the problems of low efficiency, high cost, and cleaning not in time leading to precision and damage caused by relying on manual cleaning, while improving the punching quality and reducing the wear of the punch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The present application is a punching equipment appearance diagram; Figure 2 The present application is a Figure 1 support frame structure schematic diagram; Figure 3 The present application is a Figure 2 structure schematic diagram after rotation angle; Figure 4 The present application is a Figure 3 enlarged view of A; Figure 5 The present application is a Figure 2 partial structure schematic diagram; Figure 6The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 5 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 7 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 1 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 8 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 2 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 9 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 8 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 10 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 11 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 5 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 12 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 11 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 13 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application. Figure 14 The structure of the oil storage box is shown in the enlarged view of B in the figure of the present application.

[0020] In the figure: 1, frame; 2, support frame; 3, hydraulic cylinder; 4, prefabricated part; 5, punch; 6, movable plate; 7, No. 1 column; 8, air cavity; 9, No. 1 piston plate; 10, No. 2 column; 11, backing plate; 12, through hole; 13, No. 1 spring; 14, gas collecting box; 15, No. 1 air pipe; 16, groove; 17, air injection hole; 18, No. 2 air pipe; 19, one-way valve; 20, air inlet; 21, torsion spring hinge; 22, sealing plate; 23, pressing rod; 24, oil storage box; 25, oil injection pipe; 26, No. 2 piston plate; 27, magnet; 28, partition plate; 29, through groove; 30, thin rod; 31, thick rod; 32, oil discharge hole; 33, sliding groove; 34, extension rod; 35, push plate; 36, vertical groove; 37, connecting rod; 38, rack; 39, support plate; 40, damping rotating shaft; 41, gear; 42, hollow disc; 43, disc; 44, inclined groove; 45, circular groove; 46, arc plate; 47, notch; 48, No. 2 spring; 49, ball; 50, wire reel; 51, pull rope; 52, blanking port; 53, No. 3 spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," and "set up" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The following describes embodiments of the invention based on its overall structure.

[0023] A punching device for precast components used in construction engineering includes: a frame 1, a precast component 4, and a punch 5. A support frame 2 is fixed to the top of the frame 1, and a hydraulic cylinder 3 is installed on the top of the support frame 2. A cleaning structure for cleaning external impurities of the punch 5 is installed at the bottom of the frame 1. A pushing structure is installed on the side of the frame 1, and the pushing structure is used to push the precast component 4 to move on the top of the frame 1.

[0024] Furthermore, the cleaning structure includes a movable plate 6 disposed inside the frame 1, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 3 being fixedly connected to the movable plate 6, and a punch 5 being installed at the bottom of the movable plate 6. A first column 7 is fixed to the movable plate 6, and an air chamber 8 is disposed inside the first column 7. A first piston plate 9 is slidably connected inside the air chamber 8. A second column 10 is fixed to the bottom of the first piston plate 9. The first column 7 penetrates the support frame 2, and a pad 11 is fixed to the bottom of the first column 7. A through hole 12 is passed through the pad 11. The adapter punch 5 is provided with a first spring 13 between the top of the air chamber 8 and the first piston plate 9. The cleaning structure also includes an air collection box 14 fixed to the back of the pad 11. The air chamber 8 and the air collection box 14 are connected by a first air pipe 15. The pad 11 has a groove 16 hidden outside the through hole 12. The walls of the through hole 12 are evenly distributed with air jet holes 17. The groove 16 and the air collection box 14 are connected by a second air pipe 18. A one-way valve 19 is installed at the first air pipe 15 and the second air pipe 18.

[0025] It should be noted that the first column 7 descends relative to the stationary pad 11, compressing its internal air chamber 8 and forcing the gas into the gas collection box 14 through the first air pipe 15. The high-pressure gas accumulated in the gas collection box 14 is released into the groove 16 through the second air pipe 18 and finally ejected at high speed from the jet hole 17, automatically completing the cleaning of impurities on the surface of the punch 5.

[0026] Furthermore, the top of the first column 7 is provided with an air intake structure, which includes an air intake port 20 at the top of the first column 7. A sealing plate 22 is installed on the top of the air chamber 8 through a torsion spring hinge 21. A pressure rod 23 for pressing the sealing plate 22 is fixed on the top of the support frame 2. When the punch 5 returns to its original position, the pressure rod 23 presses the sealing plate 22 again, causing the air intake port 20 to open. Then, external gas enters the air chamber 8 through the air intake port 20. The purpose is to allow air to re-enter after the gas in the air chamber 8 is discharged.

[0027] Next, the cleaning structure is linked to a lubrication assembly for lubricating the punch 5. The lubrication assembly includes an oil reservoir 24 inside the groove 16, an oil injection pipe 25 connected to the oil reservoir 24 and extending out of the groove 16, a second piston plate 26 made of iron block slidably connected inside the oil reservoir 24, a ring of magnets 27 hiddenly provided in the punch 5, and a partition 28 fixed inside the oil reservoir 24. The second piston plate 26 and the partition 28 are connected by a third spring 53. One end of the partition 28 and the oil reservoir 24 are provided with a through groove 29, a thin rod 30 is fixed to the second piston plate 26, a thick rod 31 is fixed to the thin rod 30, the thick rod 31 is located in the through groove 29 of the partition 28, and an oil drain hole 32 is provided at one end of the oil reservoir 24.

[0028] It can be concluded that when the punch 5 passes through the through hole 12, the magnet 27 hidden on its surface magnetically attracts the second piston plate 26 in the oil reservoir 24, which drives the thin rod 30 and the thick rod 31 fixed thereto to move synchronously, so that the thick rod 31 exits from the through groove 29 of the partition plate 28, while the thin rod 30 enters the through groove 29. The exit of the thick rod 31 opens the through groove 29 that was originally blocked, and the lubricating oil on the left side of the oil reservoir 24 flows to the right side through the through groove 29, and is finally discharged to the surface of the punch 5 through the oil drain hole 32, so as to achieve lubrication, reduce wear and prevent jamming.

[0029] Exemplary, the pushing structure includes sliding grooves 33 on both sides of the frame 1, with an extension rod 34 slidably connected inside the sliding groove 33. A push plate 35 is fixed to the extension rod 34. The support frame 2 has a vertical groove 36, with a connecting rod 37 slidably connected inside the vertical groove 36. One end of the connecting rod 37 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 6, and the other end of the connecting rod 37 is fixed to a rack 38. The pushing structure also includes a support plate 39 fixed externally to the frame 1, with a damping shaft 40 rotatably connected inside the support plate 39. A gear 41 that meshes with a rack 38 is rotatably connected to the connection between the 1 and the support frame 2. A hollow disk 42 is fixed to one end of the damping shaft 40, and a disc 43 is fixed to one end of the gear 41. The hollow disk 42 is provided with a slanted groove 44 and a circular groove 45. An arc-shaped plate 46 is fixed to the outside of the disc 43. The arc-shaped plate 46 is located inside the circular groove 45, allowing the disc 43 to rotate within the hollow disk 42. The disc 43 is provided with a slot 47. A second spring 48 is fixed inside the slot 47, and a ball 49 is fixed to the second spring 48.

[0030] Specifically, when the punch 5 returns and drives the movable plate 6 to rise, the connecting rod 37 fixed to the movable plate 6 simultaneously lifts the rack 38 at its end, driving the gear 41 and the disc 43 meshing with it to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the ball 49 pressed by the second spring 48 in the slot 47 of the disc 43 is inserted into the edge of the inclined groove 44 of the hollow disc 42, thereby driving the hollow disc 42, the damping shaft 40 and the spool 50 to rotate counterclockwise together. The spool 50 winds up the pull rope 51, pulling the push plate 35 fixed to the extension rod 34 to move along the slide groove 33, pushing the preform 4 that has been punched to the unloading port 52 at the end of the frame 1, and at the same time pushing the preform to be processed to the bottom of the punch 5. The entire process utilizes the return energy of the punch 5 to achieve automated material pushing.

[0031] Working principle: Precast components 4 include new sintered bricks, permeable bricks, building blocks, etc. An external stacking mechanism is placed on one side of the equipment. This stacking mechanism includes, but is not limited to, a robotic arm and a palletizer. The stacking mechanism is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. The key is to stack the precast components 4 onto the top of the frame 1. Then, the precast components 4 are placed on the top of the frame 1 as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the device will then be started.

[0032] Through the cleaning structure, the hydraulic cylinder 3 is activated and the movable plate 6 descends. The descent of the movable plate 6 causes the first column 7 and the second column 10 to descend synchronously. Then, the pad plate 11 holds the precast part 4 in the horizontal and vertical directions to form a lateral constraint. During the punching process, the expansion stress generated inside the precast part 4 is effectively constrained by the existing horizontal and vertical lateral forces and cannot be released outward to form cracks. Thus, the precast part 4 is protected during the punching process.

[0033] When the pad 11 contacts the precast part 4, it will no longer move, but the movable plate 6 and the first column 7 will still descend. Therefore, the first column 7 will move outside the first piston plate 9 and compress the first spring 13. Then the gas in the air chamber 8 will be pushed and compressed. Under the action of the pressure difference, the one-way valve 19 at the first air pipe 15 will be opened. Then the air will enter the interior of the air collection box 14 through the first air pipe 15. This operation is repeated during punching, which makes the gas in the air collection box 14 more and more to form high pressure, which is convenient for cleaning the subsequent punch 5. The movable plate 6, punch 5 and the first column 7 descend synchronously. Then the punch 5 passes through the through hole 12 to punch the precast part 4 (including new sintered bricks, permeable bricks, building blocks, etc.).

[0034] With the air intake structure in place, when column 7 descends, pressure rod 23 can no longer press the sealing plate 22. Therefore, the sealing plate 22 is reset under the action of torsion spring hinge 21, closing the air intake 20, thus keeping column 7 in a closed state. This is also the key to the air chamber 8 being able to send gas into the gas collection box 14. However, when the punch 5 returns to its original position, pressure rod 23 presses the sealing plate 22 again, causing the air intake 20 to open. Then, external gas enters the air chamber 8 through the air intake 20. The purpose is to allow gas to be discharged from the air chamber 8 and then re-intake, so that there is always gas inside the air chamber 8. This is also the premise for the cleaning structure to be realized.

[0035] As the air pressure inside the air collection box 14 increases, forming a high pressure, the one-way valve 19 at the second air pipe 18 will be opened (the air pressure required to open the one-way valve 19 at the second air pipe 18 is much greater than the air pressure required to open the one-way valve 19 at the first air pipe 15). Then, the high pressure enters the interior of the groove 16 through the second air pipe 18, and then the high pressure gas is ejected through the jet hole 17 to act on the passing punch 5, thereby blowing off the dust particles and other impurities adhering to the surface of the punch 5 to achieve cleaning, thereby improving the punching accuracy, reducing wear, and preventing scratches on the surface of the precast part 4 or causing jamming.

[0036] Furthermore, compared to manual cleaning with brushes in existing technologies, the entire cleaning process is achieved using the energy generated by the hydraulic press itself. This ensures that the energy is reused while ensuring the perforation is completed, thus preventing waste. This automated cleaning method can save time and labor costs.

[0037] By setting lubrication components, such as Figure 10As shown, when the punch 5 passes through the through hole 12, the magnet 27 on the punch 5 (which is embedded and hidden around the punch 5 and will not affect the rigidity of the punch 5) magnetically attracts the second piston plate 26. Then, the second piston plate 26 moves inside the oil reservoir 24, taking the thin rod 30 and the thick rod 31 with it. After that, the thick rod 31 leaves the through groove 29 on the partition plate 28, and the thin rod 30 enters the through groove 29. The function of the thick rod 31 in the through groove 29 is to prevent the lubricating oil on the left side of the oil reservoir 24 from flowing out when not in operation. When the thin rod 30 enters the through groove 29, the through groove 29 is opened, and the lubricating oil on the left side of the oil reservoir 24 flows from the through groove 29 to the right side, and then is discharged from the oil drain hole 32 to the surface of the punch 5. This helps to reduce the wear of the punch 5 and prevents jamming to ensure a smooth punching process. The oil filling pipe 25 replenishes the lubricating oil inside the oil reservoir 24.

[0038] At the same time, the moving thick rod 31 will pass through another through slot 29 and then directly hit the punch 5 through the through hole 12. The impact force loosens the impurities adhering to the surface of the punch 5, making it easier for the high-pressure gas to clean more thoroughly and improve the cleaning effect on the punch 5. When the punch 5 leaves the through hole 12, the magnetic force disappears, and the No. 3 spring 53 facilitates the reset of the thick rod 31 after the impact, and re-seals the through slot 29 on the partition plate 28 to achieve intermittent oil discharge.

[0039] With the pusher structure in place, when the movable plate 6 descends, it carries the rack 38 down via the connecting rod 37. When the rack 38 descends, it causes the gear 41 and the disc 43 to rotate clockwise. When the disc 43 rotates clockwise, the ball 49 in its slot 47 moves along the inclined groove 44 of the hollow disc 42. The second spring 48 provides a continuous radial clamping force to the ball 49. In the clockwise state, the disc 43 will only rotate freely within the hollow disc 42 and will not rotate synchronously with the hollow disc 42. Therefore, the spool 50 is in a stationary state at this time.

[0040] However, when the movable plate 6 returns to its starting position and rises, gear 41 and disk 43 rotate counterclockwise. Since ball 49 is stuck at the edge of inclined groove 44 at this time, ... Figure 13As shown, when the disc 43 rotates counterclockwise, it will cause the hollow disc 42 to rotate counterclockwise. Since the hollow disc 42 is fixed with the damping shaft 40 and the reel 50, the reel 50 rotates counterclockwise to wind up the pull rope 51. Then, during the winding process of the pull rope 51, it pulls the extension rod 34 and the push plate 35. The push plate 35 moves and pushes the preform 4 to move. The first set of preforms 4 after punching falls from the discharge port 52. The function of the damping shaft 40 is to ensure that the pushing structure is driven to feed only when the punch 5 returns, while keeping the position of the push plate 35 fixed in other stages to prevent it from accidentally moving the preform 4. The return stroke of the hydraulic press pushes the next set of preforms 4 to the bottom of the support frame 2 to wait for punching. The whole process is automated by using the energy of the return stroke.

[0041] It should be noted that the cleaning, lubrication, and material pushing in this case are all achieved through a purely mechanical linkage structure. This design eliminates additional electronic components, which not only significantly reduces manufacturing costs and the complexity of subsequent maintenance, but also utilizes the inherent high reliability and long lifespan of mechanical transmission to ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment under harsh conditions such as dust and vibration on construction sites, fundamentally avoiding risks caused by electronic component failures.

[0042] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A building construction precast product finished hole punching apparatus comprising: Frame (1), prefabricated part (4), punch (5), the top of the frame (1) is fixed with a support frame (2), the top of the support frame (2) is installed with a hydraulic cylinder (3), characterized in that: the bottom of the frame (1) is provided with a cleaning structure for cleaning the external impurities of the punch (5), and the side of the frame (1) is provided with a pushing structure for pushing the prefabricated part (4) to move on the top of the frame (1), the cleaning structure comprises a movable plate (6) arranged inside the frame (1), the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (3) is fixedly connected with the movable plate (6), and the punch (5) is installed at the bottom of the movable plate (6), the movable plate (6) is fixed with a first column (7), the inside of the first column (7) is provided with an air cavity (8), the inside of the air cavity (8) is slidably connected with a first piston plate (9), the bottom of the first piston plate (9) is fixed with a second column (10), the first column (7) penetrates through the support frame (2), the bottom of the first column (7) is fixed with a backing plate (11), the backing plate (11) penetrates through a through hole (12) adapted to the punch (5), and a first spring (13) is arranged between the top of the air cavity (8) and the first piston plate (9).

2. A precast product punching apparatus for construction engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning structure further comprises a gas collecting box (14) fixed at the back of the backing plate (11), the air cavity (8) and the gas collecting box (14) are connected through a first air pipe (15), the backing plate (11) is designed with a recess (16) hidden outside the through hole (12), the wall of the through hole (12) is uniformly provided with a plurality of air injection holes (17), the recess (16) and the gas collecting box (14) are connected through a second air pipe (18), and a one-way valve (19) is arranged at the position of the first air pipe (15) and the second air pipe (18).

3. A precast construction product finished punching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The top of the first column (7) is provided with an air inlet structure, the air inlet structure comprises an air inlet (20) arranged at the top of the first column (7), the top of the air cavity (8) is installed with a sealing plate (22) through a torsion spring hinge (21), and the top of the support frame (2) is fixed with a pressure rod (23) pressing the sealing plate (22).

4. A precast product punching apparatus for construction engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning structure is connected with a lubricating assembly for lubricating the punch (5), the lubricating assembly comprises an oil storage box (24) in the recess (16), the oil storage box (24) is connected with an oil injection pipe (25), and the oil injection pipe (25) extends out of the recess (16), the inside of the oil storage box (24) is slidably connected with a second piston plate (26) made of an iron block, and the punch (5) is hiddenly provided with a ring of magnets (27).

5. A precast product punching apparatus for use in construction engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that The lubricating assembly further comprises a partition plate (28) fixed in the oil storage box (24), the second piston plate (26) and the partition plate (28) are connected through a third spring (53), the partition plate (28) and one end of the oil storage box (24) are provided with a through slot (29), the second piston plate (26) is fixed with a thin rod (30), and the thin rod (30) is fixed with a thick rod (31).

6. A precast product punching apparatus for use in construction engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that The thick rod (31) is located in the through slot (29) of the partition plate (28), and one end of the oil storage box (24) is provided with an oil discharge hole (32).

7. A precast product punching apparatus for construction engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pushing structure comprises chute (33) arranged on both sides of frame (1), extension rod (34) slidably connected inside chute (33), push plate (35) fixed on extension rod (34), vertical slot (36) arranged on support frame (2), connecting rod (37) slidably connected inside vertical slot (36), one end of connecting rod (37) fixedly connected with movable plate (6), and rack (38) fixed on the other end of connecting rod (37).

8. A precast product punching apparatus for construction engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pushing structure further comprises support plate (39) fixed outside frame (1), damping rotating shaft (40) rotatably connected inside support plate (39), gear (41) rotatably connected at the connection between frame (1) and support frame (2) and engaged with rack (38), hollow disc (42) fixed on one end of damping rotating shaft (40), disc (43) fixed on one end of gear (41), inclined slot (44) and circular slot (45) arranged on hollow disc (42), arc-shaped plate (46) fixed outside disc (43), arc-shaped plate (46) located inside circular slot (45) so that disc (43) rotates in hollow disc (42), wire wheel (50) fixed on the other end of damping rotating shaft (40), pull rope (51) wound on wire wheel (50), and one end of pull rope (51) fixedly connected with extension rod (34).

9. A precast product punching apparatus for use in construction engineering according to claim 8, characterized in that Disc (43) is provided with notch (47), No. 2 spring (48) fixed inside notch (47), and ball (49) fixed on No. 2 spring (48).

10. A precast product punching apparatus for construction engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of frame (1) is provided with discharging port (52).

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