A drill rod pulling device and pulling method suitable for a full hydraulic drilling rig

Abstract

This invention discloses a drill rod lifting device and method suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs. The drill rod lifting device for fully hydraulic drilling rigs includes a mast assembly, a winch, and a tension cylinder. The mast assembly has a multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism at its top, with a power head slidably mounted on its front side. The winch's first wire rope passes through the pulley mechanism and connects to the top of the drill rod; the tension cylinder connects to the power head via a second wire rope passing through the pulley mechanism, and the power head can selectively clamp the drill rod. Through this structure, the drill rod lifting device can switch between three working modes: the winch independently provides lifting force, the tension cylinder independently provides lifting force, and both work together to provide lifting force. This invention, through the synergistic effect of winch traction and cylinder pushing, greatly improves the maximum lifting capacity, effectively solving the problems of stuck drills and buried drills caused by insufficient lifting force under complex working conditions, and significantly enhancing the equipment's operational reliability, safety redundancy, and adaptability to working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular to a drill rod lifting device and lifting method suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of geological exploration, fully hydraulic drilling rigs are widely used as core construction equipment in drilling operations. During the drill rod extraction process, existing technologies generally employ a winch system to provide traction, with the extraction operation achieved via a wire rope connected to the drill rod. For example, Chinese patent document CN104389518B discloses a telescopic mast type fully hydraulic core drilling rig, including a base, auxiliary winch, main winch, tower lifting cylinder, mast support, hinged seat, sliding cylinder, and mast assembly.

[0003] This telescopic mast-type fully hydraulic core drilling rig has the following drawbacks: its hoisting force is limited by both the rated pull force of the winch and the strength of the wire rope, resulting in a significant deficiency in overall output capacity. In actual construction, as drilling depth increases and geological conditions become more complex and variable, especially when encountering sudden increases in borehole resistance, hard interlayers in the rock strata, or borehole accidents, the hoisting force provided by the system often fails to meet actual requirements. In such cases, the lifting operation is highly susceptible to failure due to insufficient lifting force, leading to drill bit jamming or even burying the drill string, causing serious engineering accidents.

[0004] Drill pipe extraction failures not only significantly reduce construction efficiency and extend the construction period, but also lead to economic losses such as equipment damage and increased maintenance costs. More seriously, drill pipe burial accidents often require complex handling by specialized personnel, which not only increases construction safety risks but may also lead to greater equipment damage and safety accidents if handled improperly, threatening the personal safety of construction workers. Furthermore, traditional winch extraction methods frequently fail under complex geological conditions, causing construction interruptions and severely impacting project progress and economic benefits.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a safe, reliable drill rod pulling device and method that has sufficient pulling force and is suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a drill rod pulling device and pulling method suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs, which solves the technical problems of insufficient pulling force and poor adaptability of existing drill rod pulling devices suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0010] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a drill rod lifting device suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs, characterized in that it comprises:

[0011] The mast assembly has a multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism at its top and a power head that slides on its front side.

[0012] A winch, on which a first wire rope is wound, is used to connect to the top of the drill rod after passing through a multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism;

[0013] The hydraulic cylinder has a piston rod that acts on a second wire rope. The second wire rope passes through a multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism and is connected to a power head. The power head is used to clamp or release the drill rod.

[0014] The winch and tension cylinder are configured to selectively operate in the following modes:

[0015] Winch independent operation mode: The lifting force is provided by the winch;

[0016] Independent operation mode of tension cylinder: The lifting force is provided by the tension cylinder;

[0017] Collaborative operation mode: The lifting force is jointly provided by the winch and the hydraulic cylinder.

[0018] Optionally, the multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism includes a pulley bracket mounted on the top of the mast assembly and two main pulleys mounted side by side on the pulley bracket;

[0019] One end of the first wire rope is connected to the winch, and the other end is used to connect to the top of the drill rod after passing over a main pulley.

[0020] The piston rod of the tension cylinder is hinged to a traction pulley, and the axis of the traction pulley is perpendicular to the axis of the main pulley;

[0021] One end of the second wire rope is fixed to the top of the mast assembly, and the other end goes down over the traction pulley, then up over another main pulley and connects to the power head;

[0022] or,

[0023] The multi-pulley goosehead mechanism includes a pulley bracket and three main pulleys arranged side by side;

[0024] One end of the first wire rope is connected to the winch, and the other end passes over the main pulley in the middle and is used to connect to the top of the drill rod.

[0025] The piston rod of the tension cylinder is hinged to a traction pulley, and the axis of the traction pulley is perpendicular to the axis of the main pulley;

[0026] After the second wire rope passes over the traction pulley, its two ends go upwards and pass over the main pulleys on both sides respectively, and then downwards to connect to the power head.

[0027] Optionally, it also includes:

[0028] The feed cylinder has a piston rod connected to the mast assembly and a cylinder body connected to the power head, which is used to drive the power head to reciprocate along the mast assembly.

[0029] The winch, tension cylinder, and feed cylinder are configured to selectively operate in a working mode where one, two, or all three provide the lifting force.

[0030] Optionally, it also includes:

[0031] The mast mounting bracket is used to install the mast on the drilling rig chassis. The mast assembly is slidably mounted on its front side, and the tension cylinder is mounted on its rear side.

[0032] The first sliding cylinder has one end hinged to the mast mounting frame and the other end hinged to the mast assembly, and is used to drive the mast assembly to lift and lower.

[0033] Optionally, the mast assembly includes an inner mast and an outer mast with a sliding assembly;

[0034] The multi-pulley goose-head mechanism is located at the top of the inner mast;

[0035] The first sliding cylinder is located between the outer mast and the mast mounting frame and is used to drive the outer mast to slide.

[0036] The second sliding cylinder is located between the inner mast and the outer mast and is used to drive the extension and retraction of the inner mast.

[0037] Optionally, the outer mast and the mast mounting frame are connected by a Z-shaped slide rail structure;

[0038] The Z-shaped slide rail structure includes a frame, and a first slide rail and a second slide rail located on both sides of the frame with opposite opening directions;

[0039] The first slide rail slides into contact with the slide block on the mast mounting frame;

[0040] The second slide rail is used to guide the power head trolley, on which the power head is installed.

[0041] Optionally, the frame consists of diagonal braces connected to the outer mast and crossbeams connecting the diagonal braces to the outer mast;

[0042] The first slide rail is located at one end of the diagonal brace, with its opening facing the outside of the outer mast.

[0043] The second slide rail is located at the other end of the diagonal brace, with its opening facing the inside of the outer mast.

[0044] Optionally, an adjustable preload mechanism is provided on the tube wall of the outer mast and / or the inner mast;

[0045] The adjustable preload mechanism includes an adjusting screw, an adjusting nut that is threadedly engaged with the adjusting screw, and a friction block located at the end of the adjusting screw;

[0046] Rotating the adjusting nut pushes the friction block against the relatively sliding mast tube wall to adjust the gap between them.

[0047] Optionally, the adjustable preload mechanism may further include a first disc and a second disc;

[0048] The first disc is fixed to the tube wall of the outer mast or the inner mast;

[0049] The second disk is connected to the first disk by fastening bolts;

[0050] The adjusting screw passes through the first and second discs in sequence and engages with two adjusting nuts to form a double-nut anti-loosening structure.

[0051] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for pulling out drill pipes using the aforementioned drill pipe pulling device, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1. Monitor the resistance during drill pipe pulling out;

[0053] S2. Select the operating mode based on resistance:

[0054] If the resistance is less than the first threshold, activate the winch independent operation mode.

[0055] If the resistance is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the independent operation mode of the tension cylinder is activated.

[0056] If the resistance is greater than or equal to the second threshold, activate the collaborative operation mode;

[0057] S3. Perform drill pipe lifting operation.

[0058] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the drill pipe pulling device provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0060] First, it greatly improves the lifting capacity and reliability: By using the coordinated working mode of the winch and the tension cylinder, the traction force of the winch and the tension force of the tension cylinder are combined through the multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism, which produces a "1+1>2" gain effect. This overcomes the technical bottleneck of insufficient lifting force of traditional single winches under complex geological conditions or borehole accidents, and greatly improves the maximum lifting limit and operational reliability.

[0061] Secondly, it enhances structural compactness: The size of the feed cylinder is usually determined by the pulling force, resulting in a large cylinder diameter and a feed force that is redundant compared to actual needs. By using a collaborative working mode between the feed cylinder and the tension cylinder, with the tension cylinder providing part of the feed force, the space problem of the large feed cylinder diameter and the waste of redundant feed force are solved.

[0062] Third, it features multiple operating modes and excellent adaptability to various working conditions: It offers three flexible operating modes (independent winch, independent cylinder, and collaborative operation), and can intelligently select the most efficient and economical lifting strategy based on the real-time monitored resistance, thereby achieving full coverage of various working conditions from conventional drilling to accident handling, significantly improving the equipment's overall responsiveness and work efficiency.

[0063] Fourth, it enhances equipment safety and redundancy: the winch and hydraulic cylinder are independent yet can work together, forming a natural redundancy backup. When either system fails, the other system can still operate independently to continue the extraction operation or at least safely pull the drill bit out of the borehole, greatly reducing the risk of the drill getting stuck and providing crucial safety assurance for field construction. Attached Figure Description

[0064] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of Embodiment 1 of the fully hydraulic drilling rig of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a side view schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the fully hydraulic drilling rig of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 3 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the wheel train connection of the drill rod lifting device for fully hydraulic drilling rigs according to the present invention;

[0067] Figure 4 for Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of the multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism in a fully hydraulic drilling rig;

[0068] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the tension cylinder and mast mounting bracket in the diagram;

[0069] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Another three-dimensional schematic diagram of the tension cylinder and mast mounting bracket;

[0070] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mast assembly;

[0071] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A bottom-view diagram of the outer mast;

[0072] Figure 9 The figure shows an enlarged schematic diagram of the power head trolley, feed cylinder, and guide assembly of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 10 for Figure 7 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the mast assembly at the adjustable preload mechanism;

[0074] Figure 11 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the drill rod lifting device applicable to fully hydraulic drilling rigs of the present invention.

[0075] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0076] 1: Chassis; 2: Winch; 3: Pulling cylinder; 4: Mast mounting bracket; 5: Mast assembly; 6: Multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism; 7: Tilting cylinder; 8: Telescopic support rod; 9: Feed cylinder; 10: Power head trolley; 11: Power head; 12: First wire rope; 13: Second wire rope; 14: Auxiliary pulley; 15: Traction pulley; 16: Main pulley; 17: Pulley bracket; 18: Pulley bracket rotation cylinder; 19: Middle section 20: Straightening assembly; 21: Inner mast; 22: Outer mast; 23: Z-shaped slide rail structure; 24: Slide block; 25: First sliding cylinder; 26: Adjustable pre-tightening mechanism; 27: First slide rail; 28: Diagonal brace; 29: Crossbeam; 31: First disc; 32: Second disc; 33: Adjusting screw; 34: Adjusting nut; 35: Friction block; 36: Fastening bolt; 37: Double pin fixing assembly; 38: Guide assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0077] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, a detailed description of the invention is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In this document, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" are used interchangeably. Figure 1 The orientation is used as a reference. Among them, the side of the fully hydraulic drilling rig closest to the borehole is the front.

[0078] Example 1:

[0079] Reference Figures 1 to 10 This embodiment provides a drill rod lifting device suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs, including a mast mounting frame 4, a mast assembly 5, a winch 2, and a tension cylinder 3.

[0080] The mast mounting bracket 4 is installed on the front side of the chassis 1 of the fully hydraulic drilling rig.

[0081] The mast assembly 5 is slidably mounted on the front side of the mast mounting frame 4. The top of the mast assembly 5 is provided with a multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism 6, and the front side is slidably provided with a power head 11 via a power head trolley 10.

[0082] The winch 2 is wound with a first steel wire rope 12, which passes around the multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism 6 and is used to connect to the top of the drill rod; specifically, the winch 2 is installed in the middle of the chassis 1.

[0083] The hydraulic cylinder 3, mounted on the rear side of the mast mounting frame 4, has a piston rod that acts on the second wire rope 13. The second wire rope 13 passes through the multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism 6 and connects to the power head 11, which is used to clamp or release the drill pipe. See details... Figure 5

[0084] The winch 2 and the tension cylinder 3 are configured to selectively operate in the following three working modes:

[0085] Independent operation mode of winch: The tension cylinder 3 is not working, and its second wire rope 13 moves accordingly; the winch 2 tightens the first wire rope 12 and directly pulls the drill rod to provide lifting force; this mode is suitable for conventional lifting operations with low resistance.

[0086] Independent operation mode of the tension cylinder: The winch 2 is not working, and its first wire rope 12 remains in motion; the piston rod of the tension cylinder 3 retracts, and the tension is transmitted to the power head trolley 10 through the second wire rope 13, and the power head 11 clamps the drill pipe for lifting. This mode can provide strong tension and is suitable for handling large resistance or stuck drill accidents;

[0087] Collaborative operation mode: Winch 2 and tension cylinder 3 work simultaneously; winch 2 provides continuous upward traction to the drill rod, while tension cylinder 3 provides upward tension to the power head 11 that clamps the drill rod. Thus, the two combine to exert a combined force on the drill rod, achieving maximum lifting capacity. This mode is used to handle extremely complex working conditions and situations with maximum resistance.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 The multi-pulley goosehead mechanism 6 in this embodiment includes a pulley bracket 17 mounted on the top of the mast assembly 5 and two main pulleys 16 arranged side by side on the pulley bracket 17.

[0089] One end of the first wire rope 12 is connected to the winch 2, and the other end passes over a main pulley 16 to connect to the top of the drill rod; the piston rod of the tension cylinder 3 is hinged to the traction pulley 15, and the axis of the traction pulley 15 is perpendicular to the axis of the main pulley 16; one end of the second wire rope 13 is fixed to the top of the mast assembly 5, and the other end passes downward over the traction pulley 15, then passes upward over another main pulley 16 and is connected to the power head 11.

[0090] Furthermore, the lower end of the cylinder of the tension cylinder 3 is hinged to the mast mounting frame 4, and the middle part of the cylinder of the tension cylinder 3 is fixed to the mast mounting frame 4 through the middle straightening component 19.

[0091] It should be noted that the axis of the main pulley 16 is parallel to the left-right direction, and the traction pulley 15 is parallel to the front-back direction. When the piston rod of the tension cylinder 3 drives the traction pulley 15 to move downward, the traction pulley 15 pulls the power head 11 upward through the second steel wire rope 13.

[0092] Furthermore, two auxiliary pulleys 14 are also installed on the side of the pulley bracket 17. A third steel wire rope is wound around the two auxiliary pulleys 14. One end of the third steel wire rope is connected to an auxiliary winch, and the other end can suspend tools such as rope coring drills and retrieval spears.

[0093] Furthermore, the multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism 6 of this embodiment also includes a pulley bracket rotating cylinder 18 arranged horizontally. The bottom of the pulley bracket 17 is hinged to the top of the mast assembly 5. One end of the pulley bracket rotating cylinder 18 is connected to the pulley bracket 17, and the other end is connected to the mast assembly 5, to drive the pulley bracket 17 to rotate around the hinge point in the horizontal plane, so that the auxiliary pulley 14 or one of the two main pulleys 16 is adjusted to the center position. It should be noted that after the pulley is adjusted to the center position, the wire rope on the pulley runs more smoothly.

[0094] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 The mast assembly 5 in this embodiment includes an inner mast 20, an outer mast 21, a first sliding cylinder 24, and a second sliding cylinder (not shown in the figure).

[0095] The outer mast 21 is slidably mounted on the mast mounting frame 4 in the vertical direction. The outer mast 21 is provided with a first sliding cylinder 24 on each side. One end of the first sliding cylinder 24 is hinged to the outer side wall of the outer mast 21, and the other end is hinged to the mast mounting frame 4.

[0096] An inner mast 20 is slidably installed inside the outer mast 21. A multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism 6 is installed at the upper end of the inner mast 20. A second sliding cylinder is installed inside the inner mast 20. One end of the second sliding cylinder is connected to the inner wall of the inner mast 20, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the outer mast 21.

[0097] The first sliding cylinder 24 can drive the mast assembly 5 to perform linear reciprocating motion in the vertical direction, and the second sliding cylinder can drive the inner mast 20 and the multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism 6 to perform linear reciprocating motion in the vertical direction.

[0098] In this embodiment, a support and a connection point are provided on the outer surface of the outer mast 21, and the end of the first sliding cylinder 24 is hinged to the outer mast 21 through the support and the connection point.

[0099] It should be noted that existing fully hydraulic drilling rigs generally place the sliding cylinder for lifting the mast inside the mast or on the rear side of the mast mounting frame 4. However, when a pulling cylinder for lifting is introduced, the internal space of the mast or mast mounting frame 4 becomes tight, resulting in layout conflicts and inconvenience in maintenance. This embodiment innovatively moves the first sliding cylinder 24 from the inside of the mast to the outside of the mast, and by setting a support and connection point on the outside of the outer mast 21, the first sliding cylinder 24 can directly drive the inner mast 20 and the outer mast 21 to move up and down. The power transmission path remains unchanged, but the space utilization is optimized.

[0100] This external arrangement not only avoids interference with the internal space, but also makes the first sliding cylinder 24 and its oil pipes easier to inspect and replace. The externally mounted first sliding cylinder 24 can be hinged to the mast mounting bracket 4 via a trunnion, which simplifies the internal structural layout while maintaining reasonable force distribution, allowing for more ample working space for the push cylinder and guide components.

[0101] The advantages of placing the first sliding cylinder 24 on both sides of the outer mast 21 are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, it resolves internal space conflicts, allowing the tension cylinder 3 and the first sliding cylinder 24 to be arranged simultaneously. Second, it improves maintainability, as the exposed first sliding cylinder 24 facilitates inspection and replacement by operators. Third, the force path of the first sliding cylinder 24 is clear and reasonable, and the load is transmitted more stably through the external support. Fourth, it forms a unique arrangement that is significantly different from the traditional "built-in cylinder," possessing a high degree of novelty.

[0102] Please see Figure 8 The mast assembly 5 in this embodiment also includes a Z-shaped slide rail structure 22. The Z-shaped slide rail structure 22 includes a frame and a first slide rail 26 and a second slide rail 27 located on both sides of the frame with opposite opening directions. The first slide rail 26 is slidably engaged with the slide seat 23 on the mast mounting frame 4. The second slide rail 27 is used to guide the power head trolley 10, on which the power head 11 is mounted.

[0103] The frame consists of a diagonal brace 28 connected to the outer mast 21 and a crossbeam 29 connecting the diagonal brace 28 and the outer mast 21; a first slide rail 26 is located at one end of the diagonal brace 28, with its opening facing the outside of the outer mast 21; a second slide rail 27 is located at the other end of the diagonal brace 28, with its opening facing the inside of the outer mast 21.

[0104] Specifically, multiple diagonal braces 28 are arranged vertically at intervals on both the left and right sides of the outer mast 21. One end of each diagonal brace 28 is connected to the outer side of the outer mast 21, the middle part of each diagonal brace 28 is connected to the outer side of the outer mast 21 through a crossbeam 29, and the other end of each diagonal brace 28 extends towards the front and outer side of the outer mast 21 and is suspended in the air.

[0105] A first slide rail 26 is installed at one end of a plurality of diagonal braces 28 located on the same side of the outer mast 21 near the rear side of the outer mast 21, and a second slide rail 27 is installed at the other end of the plurality of diagonal braces 28 located on the same side of the outer mast 21 away from the rear side of the outer mast 21. The length extension direction of the first slide rail 26 and the second slide rail 27 is parallel to the length direction of the outer mast 21, and the width extension direction of the first slide rail 26 extends from the end of the diagonal brace 28 toward the outside of the outer mast 21. The width extension direction of the second slide rail 27 is parallel to and opposite to the width extension direction of the first slide rail 26. This makes the first slide rail 26, the diagonal brace 28 and the second slide rail 27 form a Z-shaped slide rail structure 22. It should be noted that the width extension direction of the first slide rail 26 and the second slide rail 27 is the opening direction.

[0106] Combination Figure 6 As shown, the mast mounting bracket 4 has two vertically extending slide blocks 23 on the side facing the mast assembly 5. The two slide blocks 23 have grooves on opposite sides. The first slide rail 26 is locked in the groove and can slide up and down along the groove. The second slide rail 27 is used to install the power head trolley 10 of the fully hydraulic drilling rig.

[0107] In this embodiment, traditional masts often use rectangular tube sections and a single slide rail. When bearing the combined load of the power head 11's operation and the mast's raising and lowering, they are prone to insufficient rigidity and unclear guidance. This embodiment uses a Z-shaped slide rail structure 22, with a first slide rail 26 and a second slide rail 27 at the front and rear, respectively. The opening directions of the first slide rail 26 and the second slide rail 27 are opposite, thus forming a complementary structure that respectively undertakes the upward and downward sliding functions of the power head trolley 10 and the mast assembly 5.

[0108] Structurally, the Z-shaped slide rail structure forms a stable frame through diagonal braces 28 and crossbeams 29. The two slide rails bear different load paths, achieving functional division and improving overall bending and torsional stiffness. The first slide rail 26 and the second slide rail 27 can be lined with stainless steel to improve wear resistance and facilitate replacement. With this configuration, the up-and-down movement of the power head 11 and the overall raising and lowering of the mast do not interfere with each other, resulting in more precise guidance.

[0109] In summary, the beneficial effects of the Z-shaped slide rail structure 22 are: First, it improves the bending and torsional resistance of the mast assembly 5, enhancing overall stability. Second, it enables functional layering of the power head 11 and mast lifting, improving operational efficiency. Third, it optimizes maintenance methods, allowing for independent replacement of the slide rail lining, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0110] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the drill pipe pulling device of this embodiment also includes a feed cylinder 9, a double-pin fixing assembly 37, and a guide assembly 38. The piston rod end of the feed cylinder 9 is fixed to the outer mast 21 by the double-pin fixing assembly 37. The lower end of the cylinder of the feed cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the power head trolley 10, and the upper end of the cylinder of the feed cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the guide assembly 38. The left and right sides of the power head trolley 10 and the guide assembly 38 are slidably engaged with the second slide rail 27.

[0111] It should be noted that the double-pin fixing assembly 37 has a simple structure, ensuring that the cylinder feed motion axis is perpendicular to the working surface, while also better handling lateral forces. The power head trolley 10 and the guide assembly 38 provide guidance for the cylinder movement.

[0112] In inner and outer sleeve mast structures, with prolonged use, the gaps in the sliding parts gradually increase, easily leading to swaying and decreased guiding accuracy. Conventional fixed bushings cannot effectively compensate for this after assembly. To solve the above technical problems, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 8 and Figure 10 The mast assembly 5 in this embodiment also includes a plurality of adjustable pretensioning mechanisms 25. The plurality of adjustable pretensioning mechanisms 25 are disposed between the inner mast 20 and the outer mast 21 to adjust the gap between the inner mast 20 and the outer mast 21, so that the inner mast 20 and the outer mast 21 are aligned, that is, the center line of the inner mast 20 coincides with the center line of the outer mast 21.

[0113] Specifically, the adjustable preload mechanism 25 includes a first disc 31, a second disc 32, an adjusting screw 33, an adjusting nut 34, and a friction block 35.

[0114] One of the inner mast 20 and outer mast 21 has a mounting hole on its tube wall for assembling the first disc 31. The first disc 31 has a first through hole as a positioning hole. The second disc 32 is fixedly mounted on the first disc 31, and the center of the second disc 32 has a first threaded hole. The adjusting screw 33 passes through the first threaded hole of the second disc 32 and is screwed into the first threaded hole.

[0115] An adjusting nut 34 is fitted onto one end of the adjusting screw 33, and the adjusting nut 34 abuts against the second disc 32. A friction block 35 is provided at the other end of the adjusting screw 33, and the friction block 35 abuts against the other pipe wall of the inner mast 20 and the outer mast 21.

[0116] It should be noted that the friction block 35 is made of wear-resistant material and simultaneously serves as a guide, limiter, and wear-resistant element on the mast contact surface during operation. Furthermore, during assembly, the operator can adjust the nut 34 and screw 33 to initially pre-tighten the friction block 35 on the inner mast 20 or outer mast 21, ensuring a suitable clearance. During equipment operation, the friction block 35 bears the lateral load of the inner mast 20 or outer mast 21 and limits swaying. When wear causes the clearance to increase, the pre-tightening force can be reapplied through the nut 34 and screw 33 to compensate for the clearance.

[0117] Furthermore, in this embodiment, one end of the adjusting screw 33 is provided with a friction block mounting plate. The friction block 35 is detachably mounted on the friction block mounting plate by bolts or screws. The diameter of the first through hole of the first disc 31 is larger than the diameter of the friction block mounting plate. After a period of use, when the friction block 35 experiences significant wear and the gap cannot be further compensated by adjusting the screw 33, the second disc 32, adjusting screw 33, and friction block 35 can be removed together. After replacing the friction block 35, normal use can continue.

[0118] In this embodiment, the adjustable preload mechanism 25 also includes a plurality of fastening bolts 36. One end of the adjusting screw 33 passes through the first threaded hole on the second disc 32 and is screwed onto two adjusting nuts 34;

[0119] The second disk 32 has a second through hole on its four sides, and the first disk 31 has a second threaded hole in the area corresponding to the second through hole. Multiple fastening bolts 36 pass through the second through hole one by one and screw into the second threaded hole to fix the first disk 31 and the second disk 32 together.

[0120] It should be noted that, due to the above structure, the two adjusting nuts 34, the adjusting screw 33 and the second disc 32 in this embodiment constitute a double nut anti-loosening structure. The essence of the double nut anti-loosening structure is a friction anti-loosening structure. It generates an additional axial force by having the two nuts push against each other after tightening, thereby significantly increasing the frictional torque between the threaded pairs and preventing the adjusting nuts 34 from rotating and loosening on their own.

[0121] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the inner mast 20 and the outer mast 21 are rectangular tubes, and both the inner mast 20 and the outer mast 21 are provided with an adjustable pretensioning mechanism.

[0122] Specifically, at least two mounting holes for installing the adjustable preload mechanism are provided on the four pipe walls at the lower part of the inner mast 20, and at least two mounting holes for installing the adjustable preload mechanism are provided on the four pipe walls at the upper part of the outer mast 21. Furthermore, the at least two mounting holes located on the same pipe wall are staggered and located at different heights, thereby forming multiple layers of friction blocks 35 that guide simultaneously. This improves the uniformity of force distribution and can reduce single-point wear.

[0123] The advantages of the adjustable pretensioning mechanism 25 in the mast assembly 5 of this embodiment are as follows: First, it ensures the stability and accuracy of the inner mast 20 during sliding. Second, the gap can be flexibly adjusted during installation and maintenance, extending its service life. Third, the double-layer friction blocks 35 guide simultaneously, improving the uniformity of force distribution and reducing single-point wear. Fourth, maintenance is simple; performance can be restored simply through external adjustment.

[0124] This embodiment also provides a method for pulling out drill pipes using the above-mentioned drill pipe pulling device, including the following steps:

[0125] S1. By using sensor monitoring components (such as pressure sensors to detect cylinder pressure, tension sensors to detect wire rope tension, etc.), determine the magnitude of the pull-out resistance of the drill rod in the current borehole.

[0126] S2. Based on the resistance level, select the most suitable pulling mode from the above operating modes:

[0127] If the detected resistance is less than a preset first threshold (for example, less than 60% of the rated pulling force of winch 2), then the independent operation mode of winch 2 is selected.

[0128] If the resistance is greater than the first threshold but less than the preset second threshold (for example, between 60% of the rated pulling force of the winch 2 and the rated pulling force of the hydraulic cylinder 3), then the independent operation mode of the hydraulic cylinder 3 is selected.

[0129] If the resistance reaches or exceeds the second threshold (for example, reaches or exceeds the rated pulling force of the tension cylinder 3), then the winch 2 and tension cylinder 3 are selected to work together.

[0130] S3. Based on the selected mode, control the corresponding winch 2 and tension cylinder 3 to perform the drill rod lifting operation. During operation, resistance changes can be monitored in real time, and the working mode can be dynamically adjusted.

[0131] This embodiment also provides a fully hydraulic drilling rig, including a chassis 1, a tilting cylinder 7, a telescopic support rod 8, and the aforementioned drill rod lifting device.

[0132] Its bottom is hinged to the chassis 1, and its middle part is hinged to the piston rod end of the tilting cylinder 7 of the fully hydraulic drilling rig. The cylinder body end of the tilting cylinder 7 is hinged to the chassis 1. The upper end of the mast mounting frame 4 is also hinged to a telescopic support rod 8. When the mast is in a vertical state, the telescopic support rod 8 extends and is hinged to the corresponding support on the chassis 1 to provide additional support stability.

[0133] The lower end of the mast mounting frame 4 is hinged to the chassis 1, the middle part of the mast mounting frame 4 is hinged to one end of the tilting cylinder 7, and the other end of the tilting cylinder 7 is hinged to the chassis 1. By extending and retracting the tilting cylinder 7, the mast mounting frame 4 together with the mast assembly 5 on it can be driven to switch between a horizontal storage state and a vertical working state.

[0134] The upper end of the mast mounting bracket 4 is hinged to one end of the telescopic support rod 8, and the other end of the telescopic support rod 8 is optionally hinged to the chassis. Specifically, when the mast assembly 5 is in the vertical working state, the telescopic support rod 8 extends and is hinged to the corresponding support on the chassis 1 to provide additional support stability. When the mast mounting bracket 4 and the mast assembly 5 are in the horizontal retracted state, one end of the telescopic support rod 8 separates from the chassis 1 and retracts to its original position.

[0135] The other parts that are the same as in Example 1 will not be repeated here.

[0136] Example 2:

[0137] See Figure 11 This embodiment provides another drill rod lifting device suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs. The main difference between this drill rod lifting device and Embodiment 1 lies in the composition of the multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism 6 and the winding method of the wire rope.

[0138] In this embodiment, three main pulleys 16 are arranged side by side on the pulley bracket 17 of the multi-pulley goosehead mechanism 6. After the first wire rope 12 is led out from the winch 2, it passes around the main pulley 16 located in the middle, and then connects downward to the top of the drill rod.

[0139] The piston rod end of the tension cylinder 3 is still hinged to the traction pulley 15. The middle part of the second steel wire rope 13 passes around the traction pulley 15, and then its two ends are led upwards respectively, passing around the main pulleys 16 on the left and right sides, and then extending downwards, finally connecting together to the power head trolley 10.

[0140] In this rope-winding method, the pulling force of the hydraulic cylinder 3 is entirely applied to the power head 11, which can provide a greater lifting force. The principle and selection logic of its working mode are the same as those in Example 1.

[0141] The remaining parts that are the same as in Example 1 will not be repeated here.

[0142] Example 3:

[0143] Based on Embodiment 1 or 2, this embodiment provides another drill rod lifting device suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs, which further defines the integrated application of the feed cylinder 9 and its various cooperative working modes.

[0144] The feed cylinder 9 is arranged as described in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the drill pipe pulling device also incorporates the feed cylinder 9 into the pulling force providing unit. In addition to the three basic modes described in Embodiment 1, the following operating modes can also be achieved:

[0145] Independent operation mode of feed cylinder: The winch 2 and tension cylinder 3 are not working. The first wire rope 12 and the second wire rope 13 move with the flow. Only the feed cylinder 9 drives the power head trolley 10 to move. The power head trolley 10 drives the power head 11 to push and pull. This mode can provide strong pulling force and feed force, and is suitable for dealing with large resistance, stuck drill accidents or hard rock formations.

[0146] Feed cylinder and winch coordinated mode: the tension cylinder 3 does not work, and its second wire rope 13 moves accordingly; the feed cylinder 9 and the winch 2 work simultaneously to provide lifting force together.

[0147] In the coordinated operation mode of the feed cylinder and the tension cylinder: the winch 2 is not working, and its first wire rope 12 remains in motion; the feed cylinder 9 and the tension cylinder 3 work simultaneously to provide the lifting force. Specifically, the feed cylinder 9 can provide a continuous upward lifting force to the power head 11 at any position, while the tension cylinder 3 provides an upward tension force to the power head 11 that holds the drill pipe. Thus, the two form a combined force that acts on the drill pipe, thereby increasing the lifting capacity. This mode adds an extra set of cylinders, which, although it does not increase drilling efficiency, can provide a pressure greater than the weight of the drill string when dealing with hard formations. Furthermore, when the hole depth is large, activating this mode can protect the first wire rope 12 of the winch 2, reduce the occurrence of extreme tension on the first wire rope 12, and extend the life of the first wire rope 12 to some extent.

[0148] Three-unit full-coordinated mode: the winch 2, the tension cylinder 3 and the feed cylinder 9 work simultaneously to provide the maximum lifting force.

[0149] It should be noted that the feed cylinder 9 can provide pressurization or lifting force independently, or it can be combined with the winch 2 and / or the tension cylinder 3 in various ways to form a two-to-three coordinated operation mode, further enriching the means to deal with different working conditions and greatly enhancing the equipment's adaptability and handling capacity to different resistance conditions. The lifting method in step S2 correspondingly adds selection and judgment logic for these mixed modes, for example, selecting the optimal combination based on the distribution of resistance values ​​among different equipment capabilities.

[0150] The remaining parts that are the same as in Examples 1 and 2 will not be repeated here.

[0151] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0152] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drill rod lifting device suitable for fully hydraulic drilling rigs, characterized in that: include: The mast assembly (5) has a multi-pulley goose head mechanism (6) at its top and a power head (11) slidably mounted on its front side. A winch (2) is wound with a first wire rope (12), which, after passing over a multi-pulley gooseneck mechanism (6), is used to connect to the top of the drill rod; The hydraulic cylinder (3) has a piston rod that acts on the second wire rope (13). The second wire rope (13) passes around the multi-pulley goose head mechanism (6) and is connected to the power head (11). The power head (11) is used to clamp or release the drill rod. The winch and tension cylinder are configured to selectively operate in the following modes: Winch independent operation mode: the lifting force is provided by the winch (2); Independent operation mode of tension cylinder: the lifting force is provided by tension cylinder (3); Collaborative operation mode: The lifting force is jointly provided by the winch (2) and the tension cylinder (3).

2. The drill rod lifting device for a fully hydraulic drilling rig as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-pulley goosehead mechanism (6) includes a pulley bracket (17) set on the top of the mast assembly (5) and two main pulleys (16) arranged side by side on the pulley bracket (17); One end of the first wire rope (12) is connected to the winch (2), and the other end passes over a main pulley (16) and is used to connect to the top of the drill rod; The piston rod of the tension cylinder (3) is hinged to a traction pulley (15), and the axis of the traction pulley (15) is perpendicular to the axis of the main pulley (16). One end of the second wire rope (13) is fixed to the top of the mast assembly (5), and the other end goes down past the traction pulley (15), then goes up past another main pulley (16) and is connected to the power head (11); or, The multi-pulley goosehead mechanism (6) includes a pulley bracket (17) and three main pulleys (16) arranged side by side; One end of the first wire rope (12) is connected to the winch (2), and the other end passes over the main pulley (16) in the middle and is used to connect to the top of the drill rod; The piston rod of the tension cylinder (3) is hinged to a traction pulley (15), and the axis of the traction pulley (15) is perpendicular to the axis of the main pulley (16). After the second wire rope (13) passes over the traction pulley (15), its two ends go upward and pass over the main pulleys (16) on both sides respectively, and then downward to connect to the power head (11).

3. The drill pipe pulling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The feed cylinder (9) has its piston rod connected to the mast assembly (5) and its cylinder body connected to the power head (11), which is used to drive the power head (11) to reciprocate along the mast assembly (5); Among them, the winch (2), the tension cylinder (3) and the feed cylinder (9) are configured to selectively operate in a working mode in which one, two or three of them provide the lifting force.

4. The drill pipe pulling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A mast mounting bracket (4) is used to be mounted on the drilling rig chassis (1), a mast assembly (5) is slidably mounted on its front side, and a tension cylinder (3) is mounted on its rear side; The first sliding cylinder (24) is hinged at one end to the mast mounting frame (4) and at the other end to the mast assembly (5), and is used to drive the mast assembly (5) to lift.

5. The drill pipe pulling device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The mast assembly (5) includes an inner mast (20) and an outer mast (21) with a sliding assembly; The multi-pulley goose head mechanism (6) is located at the top of the inner mast (20); The first sliding cylinder (24) is located between the outer mast (21) and the mast mounting bracket (4) and is used to drive the outer mast (21) to slide. The second sliding cylinder is located between the inner mast (20) and the outer mast (21) and is used to drive the inner mast (20) to extend and retract.

6. The drill pipe pulling device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The outer mast (21) is connected to the mast mounting frame (4) via a Z-shaped slide rail structure (22); The Z-shaped slide rail structure (22) includes a frame, and a first slide rail (26) and a second slide rail (27) located on both sides of the frame with opposite opening directions; The first slide rail (26) is in sliding engagement with the slide block (23) on the mast mounting bracket (4); The second slide rail (27) is used to guide the power head trolley (10), on which the power head (11) is mounted.

7. The drill pipe pulling device as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The frame consists of diagonal braces (28) connected to the outer mast (21) and crossbeams (29) connecting the diagonal braces (28) and the outer mast (21); The first slide rail (26) is located at one end of the diagonal brace (28), with its opening facing the outside of the outer mast (21); The second slide rail (27) is located at the other end of the diagonal brace (28), with its opening facing the inside of the outer mast (21).

8. The drill pipe pulling device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: An adjustable pretensioning mechanism (25) is provided on the tube wall of the outer mast (21) and / or the inner mast (20); The adjustable preload mechanism (25) includes an adjusting screw (33), an adjusting nut (34) that is threadedly engaged with the adjusting screw (33), and a friction block (35) located at the end of the adjusting screw (33); Rotating the adjusting nut (34) can push the friction block (35) against the relatively sliding mast tube wall to adjust the gap between them.

9. The drill pipe pulling device as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The adjustable preload mechanism (25) also includes a first disc (31) and a second disc (32); The first disc (31) is fixed to the wall of the outer mast (21) or the inner mast (20); The second disk (32) is connected to the first disk (31) by fastening bolts (36); The adjusting screw (33) passes through the first disc (31) and the second disc (32) in sequence, and cooperates with the two adjusting nuts (34) to form a double nut anti-loosening structure.

10. A method for pulling out drill pipes using the drill pipe pulling device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Monitor the resistance during drill pipe pulling out; S2. Select the operating mode based on resistance: If the resistance is less than the first threshold, activate the winch independent operation mode. If the resistance is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the independent operation mode of the tension cylinder is activated. If the resistance is greater than or equal to the second threshold, activate the collaborative operation mode; S3. Perform drill pipe lifting operation.

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