A crushing device for construction engineering quality detection

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of building construction quality testing technology, specifically a crushing device for building construction quality testing. It includes a frame and a worktable for placing building components. A hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the frame, and a piston rod is installed at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder. A pressure head is fixed at the bottom end of the piston rod, and an upper fixed plate is fixed on the piston rod. A pre-compression plate, which can move vertically relative to the upper fixed plate, is connected below the upper fixed plate via a first elastic telescopic component. Two movable frames are symmetrically arranged on the worktable. A clamping arm is connected to one side of each movable frame via a second elastic telescopic component. The clamping arm can move linearly relative to the movable frame. A clamping plate is fixed to one side of the clamping arm, and two L-shaped clamping plates are connected to both ends of the clamping arm via a first linkage structure. This invention can actively and accurately position and clamp building components before and during testing, thereby ensuring that the components remain in a fixed position throughout the entire pressure crushing process, thus improving the accuracy of the test data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering quality testing technology, specifically a crushing device for building engineering quality testing. Background Technology

[0002] In the quality inspection of building engineering, destructive testing of building components using a pressure testing machine is a key means of evaluating their mechanical properties. During the test, the component is placed on the lower platen of the press, and the upper platen moves downward and applies pressure to the component until it breaks. The strength is determined by recording the pressure value during the process.

[0003] Existing devices of this type, such as the crushing device for testing the quality of building engineering disclosed in patent CN202510039413.9, have a common technical problem during the testing process: when a component is subjected to pressure, it will suddenly fracture after the internal stress reaches its limit. This fracture is often brittle and unpredictable, causing component fragments to fly in all directions. This not only poses a safety hazard, but more importantly, the component may experience slight displacement or shaking due to uneven force in the instant before it breaks. For some non-standard components or components that are slightly tilted when placed, they may even slip off the center of the pressure plate during the continuous increase of pressure. These unstable factors introduce additional variables, causing the final measured failure load value to not truly reflect the actual strength of the component, affecting the accuracy and reliability of the test results. At its root, the existing technology lacks an effective and reliable stabilization mechanism for the component during the pressure process. Conventional equipment relies solely on the component's own weight and the friction between it and the pressure plate to maintain its position, which is far from sufficient when the component is about to break.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a crushing device that can actively and accurately position and clamp building components before and during testing, so as to ensure that the components remain in a fixed position throughout the pressurization process, thereby improving the accuracy of test data. To this end, we provide a crushing device for building engineering quality testing to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a crushing device for testing the quality of building construction projects, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A crushing device for testing the quality of building construction includes a frame and a workbench for placing building components. A hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the frame, a piston rod is provided at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, a pressure head is fixed at the bottom end of the piston rod, an upper fixed plate is fixed on the piston rod, and a pre-compression plate that can move up and down relative to the upper fixed plate is connected below the upper fixed plate through a first elastic telescopic component.

[0008] Two movable frames are symmetrically arranged on the workbench. A clamping arm is connected to one side of the movable frame through a second elastic telescopic component. The clamping arm can move linearly relative to the movable frame. A clamping plate is fixed to one side of the clamping arm. Two L-shaped clamping plates are also connected to both ends of the clamping arm through a first linkage structure. When the clamping arm moves linearly, it will drive the two L-shaped clamping plates to converge or expand synchronously along its axial direction.

[0009] The two movable frames are connected to the piston rod through a second linkage structure. When the hydraulic cylinder pushes the piston rod down, it drives the upper fixed plate and the pre-pressure plate to move down synchronously. When the pre-pressure plate moves to the upper surface of the building component, the piston rod continues to move down and drives the two movable frames to move towards each other. This allows the building component to be clamped and positioned by the linkage of the clamping arm and the L-shaped clamping plate. Finally, when the piston rod continues to move down, both movable frames remain stationary.

[0010] As described above, a crushing device for testing the quality of construction engineering includes a first limiting component on the frame for moving the upper fixed plate up and down. The first limiting component includes a guide groove on the frame and a guide post fixed on the upper fixed plate, with the guide post passing through the guide groove.

[0011] As described above, a crushing device for testing the quality of construction engineering includes: the first elastic telescopic component includes multiple telescopic rods installed between the upper fixed plate and the pre-pressure plate, and a first spring is sleeved on the telescopic rod, with both ends of the first spring fixed to the upper fixed plate and the pre-pressure plate respectively.

[0012] As described above, a crushing device for quality testing of construction engineering includes a second elastic telescopic component comprising a guide rod fixed on a clamping arm, the guide rod passing through a movable frame, and a second spring sleeved on the guide rod, the two ends of the second spring being fixed to the movable frame and the clamping arm respectively.

[0013] As described above, a crushing device for testing the quality of construction engineering includes: the first linkage structure includes a threaded hole on an L-shaped clamping plate and a second bidirectional screw rotatably installed inside the clamping arm. The second bidirectional screw is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole. A gear is fixed on the second bidirectional screw. A rack is fixed on the worktable. The gear meshes with the rack.

[0014] As described above, a crushing device for quality testing of construction engineering includes the following: The second linkage structure comprises an outer sleeve rotatably mounted on an upper fixed plate and a central guide rod fixed on a preload plate. The outer sleeve is movably sleeved on the central guide rod, and the outer sleeve and the central guide rod are engaged by a grooving structure. During its downward movement along the axis of the central guide rod, the outer sleeve first rotates, then remains stationary and continues downward. A first drive shaft is rotatably mounted on the frame, and a first drive shaft sleeve is rotatably mounted on the upper fixed plate and sleeved on the first drive shaft. The first drive shaft sleeve and the first drive shaft are engaged by a key structure. Next, the key structure includes a key fixed on the first transmission shaft and a keyway formed on the first transmission shaft sleeve. The key is movably embedded and snapped into the keyway. The first transmission shaft sleeve and the outer sleeve are engaged by a first gear structure. When the outer sleeve rotates, it will drive the first transmission shaft sleeve to rotate synchronously. A first bidirectional screw is rotatably mounted on the worktable. The first bidirectional screw is engaged with the first transmission shaft by a worm gear mechanism. When the first transmission shaft rotates, it will drive the first bidirectional screw to rotate synchronously. A threaded collar that is threadedly engaged with the first bidirectional screw is fixed on the movable frame. A third limiting component is provided on the worktable for the movable frame to move linearly.

[0015] As described above, a crushing device for quality testing of building engineering includes a grooving structure comprising balls embedded and engaged in the inner wall of an outer sleeve and a composite channel opened on a central guide rod. The balls are movably embedded and engaged in the composite channel and can roll along the channel. The composite channel comprises a spiral channel and a straight channel connected from top to bottom.

[0016] A crushing device for testing the quality of construction engineering as described above: the first gear structure includes a driven gear fixed on a first transmission shaft sleeve and a driving gear fixed on an outer sleeve, wherein the driven gear meshes with the driving gear.

[0017] A crushing device for testing the quality of construction engineering as described above: the worm gear mechanism includes a worm fixed on a first transmission shaft and a worm wheel fixed on a first bidirectional screw, wherein the worm meshes with the worm wheel.

[0018] As described above, a crushing device for testing the quality of construction engineering: the third limiting component includes a limiting rod fixed on the workbench and a sliding sleeve fixed on the movable frame, the sliding sleeve being movably sleeved on the limiting rod.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention realizes an automated workflow of pre-compression followed by clamping through mechanical linkage design. When the piston rod moves down, it drives the upper fixed plate and the pre-compression plate to move down synchronously. The pre-compression plate moves down first and pre-compresses and limits the top of the building component, effectively preventing the component from sliding initially. Subsequently, the piston rod continues to move down, driving the upper fixed plate to move down and gradually approach the stationary pre-compression plate, which then drives the movable frames on both sides to move synchronously. Through the synergistic action of the clamping plates and L-shaped clamping plates, precise clamping and positioning are completed from all sides of the component. This dual fixing mechanism of top and circumference ensures that the component can still maintain a fixed position under the critical state of bearing the maximum breaking pressure, fundamentally avoiding test errors caused by component slippage and shaking, while effectively preventing fragments from flying, and ensuring high safety.

[0020] Furthermore, this invention achieves the entire positioning and clamping process by being triggered and sequentially completed by the downward movement of the piston rod driven by the hydraulic cylinder, without the need for an additional power source or complex control program. By utilizing mechanisms such as the groove structure, gear structure, and worm gear mechanism, the linear motion of the piston rod is converted into the rotational motion of the first bidirectional screw, and then further converted into the horizontal linear clamping motion of the movable frame, thus realizing complex linkage functions. This makes the equipment simple and reliable to operate, reduces the skill requirements for operators, and also improves the detection efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a first-view overall structural schematic diagram of a crushing device used for quality testing in construction engineering.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a crushing device for quality testing of building engineering from a second perspective.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A structural diagram from another perspective.

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the chute structure of a crushing equipment used for quality testing in construction engineering.

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0030] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0031] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the explosion structure.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Workbench; 3. Hydraulic cylinder; 4. Piston rod; 5. Pressure head; 6. Upper fixed plate; 7. Preload plate; 8. Telescopic rod; 9. First spring; 10. Movable frame; 11. First drive shaft; 12. First drive shaft sleeve; 13. Outer sleeve; 14. Driven gear; 15. Drive gear; 16. Central guide rod; 17. Composite channel; 18. Ball bearing; 19. First double-acting screw; 20. Worm gear; 21. Worm wheel; 22. Clamping arm; 23. Guide rod; 24. Second spring; 25. Clamping plate; 26. L-shaped clamping plate; 27. Second double-acting screw; 28. Threaded hole; 29. ​​Gear; 30. Rack; 31. Key; 32. Keyway; 33. Guide groove; 34. Guide post; 35. Limiting rod; 36. Sliding sleeve; 37. Threaded collar. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0034] Please see Figures 1-11 As an embodiment of the present invention, a crushing device for testing the quality of building construction includes a frame 1 and a workbench 2 for placing building components. A hydraulic cylinder 3 is fixed on the frame 1. A piston rod 4 is provided at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 3. A pressure head 5 is fixed at the bottom end of the piston rod 4. An upper fixing plate 6 is fixed on the piston rod 4. A pre-compression plate 7 that can move up and down relative to the upper fixing plate 6 is connected below the upper fixing plate 6 through a first elastic telescopic component.

[0035] Two movable frames 10 are symmetrically arranged on the workbench 2. A clamping arm 22 is connected to one side of the movable frame 10 through a second elastic telescopic component. The clamping arm 22 can move linearly relative to the movable frame 10. A clamping plate 25 is fixed to one side of the clamping arm 22. Two L-shaped clamping plates 26 are also connected to both ends of the clamping arm 22 through a first linkage structure. When the clamping arm 22 moves linearly, it will drive the two L-shaped clamping plates 26 to converge or expand synchronously along its axial direction.

[0036] The two movable frames 10 are connected to the piston rod 4 through a second linkage structure. When the hydraulic cylinder 3 pushes the piston rod 4 down, it drives the upper fixed plate 6 and the pre-pressure plate 7 to move down synchronously. When the pre-pressure plate 7 moves to the upper surface of the building component, the piston rod 4 continues to move down and drives the two movable frames 10 to move towards each other. This allows the clamping arm 22 and the L-shaped clamping plate 26 to work together to clamp and position the building component. Finally, when the piston rod 4 continues to move down, both movable frames 10 remain stationary.

[0037] In this embodiment, during use, a building component, such as a concrete block, is placed on the workbench 2. The hydraulic cylinder 3 is activated to drive the piston rod 4 downward. When the piston rod 4 moves downward, it first drives the upper fixed plate 6 and the pre-pressure plate 7 to move downward synchronously. The pre-pressure plate 7 first moves down to the upper surface of the concrete block and pre-presses and limits the top of the concrete block, effectively preventing the initial slippage of the concrete block. Subsequently, the piston rod 4 continues to move downward, driving the upper fixed plate 6 to move downward and gradually approach the stationary pre-pressure plate 7. Only then does it drive the movable frames 10 on both sides to move synchronously towards each other. Through the synergistic action of the clamping plate 25 and the L-shaped clamping plate 26, the concrete block is precisely clamped and positioned from all sides. When the concrete block is precisely clamped and positioned from all sides, the piston rod 4 will continue to move downward. At this time, both movable frames 10 remain stationary, that is, the clamping plate 25 and the L-shaped clamping plate 26 clamp the concrete block and no longer move. The piston rod 4 continues to move downward, driving the pressure head 5 to move downward to break the concrete block. The pressure sensor integrated on the pressure head 5 records the pressure value when the concrete block is broken, thereby determining the structural strength of the concrete block.

[0038] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the frame 1 is provided with a first limiting component for the upper fixed plate 6 to move up and down. The first limiting component includes a guide groove 33 opened on the frame 1 and a guide post 34 fixed on the upper fixed plate 6. The guide post 34 is disposed through the guide groove 33.

[0039] In this embodiment, the cooperation between the guide post 34 and the guide groove 33 ensures that the upper fixed plate 6 and the piston rod 4 can only perform precise vertical movements under the push of the hydraulic cylinder 3, preventing deflection or shaking, and ensuring the accuracy of the vertical pressure applied by the pressure head 5.

[0040] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the first elastic telescopic component includes a plurality of telescopic rods 8 installed between the upper fixed plate 6 and the pre-pressure plate 7, and a first spring 9 is sleeved on the telescopic rod 8, with both ends of the first spring 9 being fixed to the upper fixed plate 6 and the pre-pressure plate 7 respectively.

[0041] In this embodiment, the telescopic rod 8 provides a connection between the upper fixed plate 6 and the pre-pressure plate 7, and its telescopic nature allows the upper fixed plate 6 and the pre-pressure plate 7 to move relative to each other. When the pre-pressure plate 7 contacts the top surface of the component, the piston rod 4 continues to move downward and compresses the first spring 9. This compression stroke is the power source for triggering the subsequent clamping mechanism, and also ensures that the pre-pressure of the pre-pressure plate 7 on the component is flexible, avoiding pre-damage to the component caused by rigid impact.

[0042] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the second elastic telescopic component includes a guide rod 23 fixed on the clamping arm 22, the guide rod 23 passing through the movable frame 10, and a second spring 24 sleeved on the guide rod 23, with the two ends of the second spring 24 fixed to the movable frame 10 and the clamping arm 22 respectively.

[0043] In this embodiment, the structure allows the clamping arm 22 to have a certain buffer margin when it contacts the side of the component. The elasticity of the second spring 24 ensures that the clamping plate 25 and the L-shaped clamping plate 26 can hold the component with appropriate and adjustable force to accommodate small deviations in the component size and prevent damage to the component edge due to excessive rigid clamping force. In addition, the end of the guide rod 23 is fixed with a stop block that is movably locked on one side of the movable frame 10. The stop block is used to prevent the guide rod 23 from falling off the movable frame 10 when it moves.

[0044] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the first linkage structure includes a threaded hole 28 opened on the L-shaped clamping plate 26 and a second bidirectional screw 27 rotatably installed inside the clamping arm 22. The second bidirectional screw 27 is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole 28. A gear 29 is fixed on the second bidirectional screw 27, and a rack 30 is fixed on the worktable 2. The gear 29 meshes with the rack 30.

[0045] In this embodiment, when the clamping arm 22 is driven to move linearly by the movable frame 10, the rack 30 fixed to the worktable 2 will force the gear 29 to rotate, thereby driving the second bidirectional screw 27 to rotate. The rotation of the second bidirectional screw 27 drives the two L-shaped clamping plates 26 to move synchronously towards or away from each other along the guide of the threaded hole 28, so that when the clamping plates 25 clamp the two sides of the concrete block, the two L-shaped clamping plates 26 can simultaneously clamp the other two sides of the concrete block, ensuring the circumferential clamping of the concrete block.

[0046] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the second linkage structure includes an outer sleeve 13 rotatably mounted on the upper fixed plate 6 and a central guide rod 16 fixed on the preload plate 7. The outer sleeve 13 is movably sleeved on the central guide rod 16, and the outer sleeve 13 and the central guide rod 16 are engaged by a rolling groove structure. During the downward movement of the outer sleeve 13 along the axis of the central guide rod 16, it will first rotate, and then continue to move downward while maintaining a non-rotating state. A first drive shaft 11 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1, and a first drive shaft sleeve 12 sleeved on the first drive shaft 11 is rotatably mounted on the upper fixed plate 6. The first drive shaft sleeve 12 and the first drive shaft 11 are movably engaged by a key structure. The key structure includes... A key 31 is fixed on the first drive shaft 11 and a keyway 32 is opened on the first drive shaft sleeve 12. The key 31 is movably embedded and snapped into the keyway 32. The first drive shaft sleeve 12 and the outer sleeve 13 are connected by a first gear structure. When the outer sleeve 13 rotates, it will drive the first drive shaft sleeve 12 to rotate synchronously. A first bidirectional screw 19 is rotatably installed on the worktable 2. The first bidirectional screw 19 is connected to the first drive shaft 11 by a worm gear mechanism. When the first drive shaft 11 rotates, it will drive the first bidirectional screw 19 to rotate synchronously. A threaded collar 37 that is threadedly connected to the first bidirectional screw 19 is fixed on the movable frame 10. A third limiting component is provided on the worktable 2 when the movable frame 10 moves linearly.

[0047] In this embodiment, after the preload plate 7 stops contacting the top of the component, the upper fixed plate 6 continues to move downward with the piston rod 4, forcing the outer sleeve 13 to move downward relative to the fixed central guide rod 16. In the initial stage of downward movement, the outer sleeve 13 generates rotational motion through the groove structure. This rotational motion is transmitted to the first transmission shaft sleeve 12 through the first gear structure. Due to the engagement of the key 31 and the keyway 32, the rotation of the first transmission shaft sleeve 12 will drive the first transmission shaft 11 to rotate. The rotation of the first transmission shaft 11 changes the transmission direction through the worm gear mechanism and is transmitted to the first bidirectional screw 19. The rotation of the first bidirectional screw 19 converts the rotational motion into the opposing linear motion of the two movable frames 10 through the threaded engagement with the threaded collar 37 fixed on the movable frame 10, thereby driving the clamping mechanism to operate. The irreversible characteristic of the worm gear mechanism ensures self-locking after clamping and prevents the component from loosening during the crushing process. The entire transmission chain accurately and reliably converts the vertical motion of the piston rod 4 into the lateral clamping motion of the movable frame 10.

[0048] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the grooving structure includes a ball bearing 18 embedded and engaged in the inner wall of the outer sleeve 13 and a composite channel 17 opened on the central guide rod 16. The ball bearing 18 is movably embedded and engaged in the composite channel 17 and can roll along the channel where the composite channel 17 is located. The composite channel 17 consists of a spiral channel and a straight channel connected from top to bottom.

[0049] In this embodiment, when the outer sleeve 13 begins to move downward, the ball bearing 18 is located in the spiral groove section, forcing the outer sleeve 13 to rotate while moving downward, thereby driving the clamping mechanism to operate. When the piston rod 4 continues to move downward, driving the ball bearing 18 into the lower straight groove section, the outer sleeve 13 only moves in a straight line and no longer rotates, and the clamping action stops. At the same time, the continued downward movement of the piston rod 4 drives the pressure head 5 to continue to move downward to crush the clamped concrete block.

[0050] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the first gear structure includes a driven gear 14 fixed on the first transmission shaft sleeve 12 and a driving gear 15 fixed on the outer sleeve 13, wherein the driven gear 14 meshes with the driving gear 15.

[0051] In this embodiment, through the meshing of the driving gear 15 and the driven gear 14, the rotation of the outer sleeve 13 will drive the driving gear 15 to rotate, and the rotation of the driving gear 15 will drive the driven gear 14 to rotate, thereby driving the first transmission shaft sleeve 12 to rotate.

[0052] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the worm gear mechanism includes a worm 20 fixed on the first transmission shaft 11 and a worm wheel 21 fixed on the first bidirectional screw 19, wherein the worm 20 meshes with the worm wheel 21.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the first drive shaft 11 rotates, it drives the worm 20 to rotate. The worm 20 meshes with the worm wheel 21, which in turn drives the worm wheel 21 to rotate, thereby driving the first bidirectional screw 19 to rotate. At the same time, the inherent self-locking characteristic of the worm wheel and worm gear mechanism is utilized so that once the clamping action is completed, the clamping mechanism is locked and will not be loosened by the reaction force generated when the component is broken.

[0054] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the third limiting component includes a limiting rod 35 fixed on the worktable 2 and a sliding sleeve 36 fixed on the movable frame 10, with the sliding sleeve 36 movably sleeved on the limiting rod 35.

[0055] In this embodiment, this structure ensures that the movable frame 10 can only slide smoothly in a straight line along the direction specified by the limiting rod 35, thus guaranteeing the synchronicity and accuracy of the movement of the clamping mechanisms on both sides.

[0056] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During operation, a concrete test block is placed on the workbench 2, the hydraulic cylinder 3 is activated, and the piston rod 4 is pushed downward, causing the pre-compression plate 7 to first contact the top of the test block and apply pre-pressure to achieve pre-positioning. Subsequently, the piston rod 4 continues to move downward, compressing the first elastic telescopic component. The upper fixed plate 6 and the pre-compression plate 7 generate relative displacement. This displacement is converted into the opposite movement of two movable frames 10 through the second linkage structure. The movable frames 10 drive the clamping arm 22 to move. The movement of the clamping arm 22 is then converted into the synchronous convergence movement of two L-shaped clamping plates 26 through the first linkage structure. Thus, the clamping plates 25 and L-shaped clamping plates 26 are used to accurately clamp the test block from all sides. After clamping, the hydraulic cylinder 3 continues to push the piston rod 4 downward, and the pressure head 5 applies pressure to the firmly fixed test block until it breaks. The pressure sensor integrated on the pressure head 5 records the peak pressure at the time of breaking, and the compressive strength of the test block can be calculated.

[0057] The above embodiments are exemplary and not restrictive. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crushing device for quality inspection of building construction projects, comprising a frame (1) and a workbench (2) for placing building components, characterized in that, A hydraulic cylinder (3) is fixed on the frame (1). A piston rod (4) is provided at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (3). A pressure head (5) is fixed at the bottom end of the piston rod (4). An upper fixing plate (6) is fixed on the piston rod (4). A pre-pressure plate (7) that can move up and down relative to the upper fixing plate (6) is connected to the lower part of the upper fixing plate (6) through a first elastic telescopic component. Two movable frames (10) are symmetrically arranged on the workbench (2). A clamping arm (22) is connected to one side of the movable frame (10) through a second elastic telescopic component. The clamping arm (22) can move linearly relative to the movable frame (10). A clamping plate (25) is fixed on one side of the clamping arm (22). Two L-shaped clamping plates (26) are also connected to both ends of the clamping arm (22) through a first linkage structure. When the clamping arm (22) moves linearly, it will drive the two L-shaped clamping plates (26) to converge or expand synchronously along its axial direction. The two movable frames (10) are connected to the piston rod (4) through a second linkage structure. When the hydraulic cylinder (3) pushes the piston rod (4) down, it drives the upper fixed plate (6) and the pre-pressure plate (7) to move down synchronously. When the pre-pressure plate (7) moves to the upper surface of the building component, the piston rod (4) will continue to move down and drive the two movable frames (10) to move towards each other. This allows the clamping arm (22) and the L-shaped clamping plate (26) to work together to clamp and position the building component. Finally, when the piston rod (4) continues to move down, the two movable frames (10) remain stationary. The second linkage structure includes an outer sleeve (13) rotatably mounted on the upper fixed plate (6) and a central guide rod (16) fixed on the preload plate (7). The outer sleeve (13) is movably sleeved on the central guide rod (16). The outer sleeve (13) and the central guide rod (16) are fitted together by a groove structure. During the process of the outer sleeve (13) moving downward along the axis of the central guide rod (16) on the central guide rod (16), it will first rotate, and then continue to move downward while maintaining a non-rotating state. A first drive shaft (11) is rotatably mounted on the frame (1). A first drive shaft sleeve (12) sleeved on the first drive shaft (11) is rotatably mounted on the upper fixed plate (6). The first drive shaft sleeve (12) and the first drive shaft (11) are movably engaged by a key structure. The key structure includes a key fixed to the first drive shaft (11). The key (31) on the first transmission shaft sleeve (12) and the keyway (32) opened on the first transmission shaft sleeve (12) are movably embedded and snapped into the keyway (32). The first transmission shaft sleeve (12) and the outer sleeve (13) are connected by a first gear structure. When the outer sleeve (13) rotates, it will drive the first transmission shaft sleeve (12) to rotate synchronously. A first bidirectional screw (19) is rotatably installed on the worktable (2). The first bidirectional screw (19) and the first transmission shaft (11) are connected by a worm gear mechanism. When the first transmission shaft (11) rotates, it will drive the first bidirectional screw (19) to rotate synchronously. A threaded collar (37) that is threadedly connected to the first bidirectional screw (19) is fixed on the movable frame (10). A third limiting component is provided on the worktable (2) when the movable frame (10) moves linearly.

2. The crushing equipment for quality testing of building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (1) is provided with a first limiting component for the upper fixed plate (6) to move up and down. The first limiting component includes a guide groove (33) opened on the frame (1) and a guide post (34) fixed on the upper fixed plate (6). The guide post (34) is provided through the guide groove (33).

3. The crushing equipment for quality testing of building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first elastic telescopic component includes a plurality of telescopic rods (8) installed between the upper fixed plate (6) and the pre-pressure plate (7). A first spring (9) is sleeved on the telescopic rod (8), and the two ends of the first spring (9) are fixed to the upper fixed plate (6) and the pre-pressure plate (7) respectively.

4. The crushing equipment for quality testing of building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second elastic telescopic component includes a guide rod (23) fixed on the clamping arm (22), the guide rod (23) passing through the movable frame (10), and a second spring (24) sleeved on the guide rod (23), the two ends of the second spring (24) being fixed to the movable frame (10) and the clamping arm (22) respectively.

5. A crushing device for quality testing of building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first linkage structure includes a threaded hole (28) on an L-shaped clamping plate (26) and a second bidirectional screw (27) rotatably installed inside a clamping arm (22). The second bidirectional screw (27) is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole (28). A gear (29) is fixed on the second bidirectional screw (27). A rack (30) is fixed on the worktable (2). The gear (29) meshes with the rack (30).

6. The crushing equipment for quality testing of building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grooving structure includes a ball (18) embedded in the inner wall of the outer sleeve (13) and a composite channel (17) opened on the central guide rod (16). The ball (18) is movably embedded in the composite channel (17) and can roll along the channel where the composite channel (17) is located. The composite channel (17) consists of a spiral groove and a straight groove connected from top to bottom.

7. A crushing device for quality testing of building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first gear structure includes a driven gear (14) fixed on the first transmission shaft sleeve (12) and a driving gear (15) fixed on the outer sleeve (13), wherein the driven gear (14) meshes with the driving gear (15).

8. A crushing device for quality testing of building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The worm gear mechanism includes a worm (20) fixed on a first transmission shaft (11) and a worm wheel (21) fixed on a first bidirectional screw (19), wherein the worm (20) meshes with the worm wheel (21).

9. A crushing device for quality testing of building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third limiting component includes a limiting rod (35) fixed on the worktable (2) and a sliding sleeve (36) fixed on the movable frame (10), wherein the sliding sleeve (36) is movably sleeved on the limiting rod (35).

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