Electric drive device for a motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric drive device (10) comprising an electric machine (12) having a rotor (16) and a stator (14), two drive elements, namely an output shaft (34) and a gear element, and a switching device (38). According to the invention, the switching device has a switchable first one-way clutch (40), which has a first disc body (44), which is coupled to one of the drive elements in a torque-transmitting manner and which has a first recess (46); the invention relates to a switchable first one-way clutch (40), comprising a first disc body (48) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to the other drive element and has a first small plate (50) which is movably held on the second disc body (48), the switchable first one-way clutch (40) being switchable between a locked state as a first state and a released state as a second state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an electric drive system for a motor vehicle, particularly for an automobile, as described in the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle having at least one such electric drive system. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such an electric drive system. Background Technology

[0002] DE 10 2018 201 822 A1 discloses an electric drive system for an electric vehicle. DE 10 2021123 019 A1 discloses a drive block for a known electric motor-driven vehicle drive. Furthermore, US 2018 / 0231105 A1 discloses a vehicle drive system. Additionally, DE 10 2021 204 062 A1 discloses an electric drive for a vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide an electric drive device for a motor vehicle, particularly for an automobile, a motor vehicle having at least one such electric drive device, and a method for operating such an electric drive device, enabling the particularly advantageous and extensive functions of the electric drive device and the particularly rapid switching dynamics of the electric drive device to be realized in a particularly space-saving manner.

[0004] This objective is achieved by an electrically driven device having the features of claim 1. Advantageous designs with suitable improvements to the invention are given in the remaining claims.

[0005] The first aspect of the invention relates to an electric drive system for a motor vehicle (also simply a vehicle). This means that a motor vehicle preferably configured as an automobile, particularly a passenger car, has an electric drive system and is capable of being electrically driven, particularly purely electrically driven, by means of the electric drive system. For example, a motor vehicle in its fully manufactured state has at least or exactly two axles, also simply axles, arranged sequentially, i.e., one in front of the other, in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle. The corresponding axle has at least two or exactly two wheels, also simply referred to as wheels. The corresponding wheels of the corresponding axle are arranged on the motor vehicle sides opposite each other in the lateral direction of the motor vehicle. The wheels of the motor vehicle are ground contact elements by which the motor vehicle can be supported downward on the ground in the vertical direction of the motor vehicle. If the motor vehicle travels along the ground, and the motor vehicle is supported downward on the ground in the vertical direction of the motor vehicle by the ground contact element, then the ground contact element will roll along the ground, particularly directly along the ground. For example, at least one or exactly one of the vehicle axles is configured as a drive axle, particularly an electric drive axle, wherein it is conceivable that both vehicle axles are configured as drive axles. The corresponding drive shaft has, for example, specifically exactly two electric drive devices according to the invention, namely, a first electric drive device and a second electric drive device according to the invention. The first electric drive device is assigned to a first wheel of the drive shaft, and the second electric drive device of the drive shaft is assigned to a second wheel of the drive shaft, wherein, by means of the first electric drive device, particularly bypassing the second vehicle wheel, the first vehicle wheel can be electrically driven, particularly purely electrically driven, and wherein, by means of the second electric drive device, particularly bypassing the first vehicle wheel, the second vehicle wheel can be electrically driven, particularly purely electrically driven. Thus, for example, a so-called dual electric drive can be provided. When electric drive devices are mentioned above and below, unless otherwise stated, this is understood to include both the first and second electric drive devices. The corresponding vehicle wheel that can be driven by the corresponding electric drive device is also referred to as a drive wheel or a drive vehicle wheel.

[0006] Electric drive equipment includes a motor having a rotor and a stator. For example, the rotor can be driven by the stator and thus can rotate relative to the stator about the machine's rotational axis. In particular, the motor can provide driving torque through its rotor, by means of which the corresponding vehicle wheels, and thus the corresponding drive wheels, are electrically driven, especially purely electric.

[0007] The electric drive device also has an output shaft, which is, for example, rotatable relative to the housing about an axis of rotation. Specifically, it is conceivable that the output shaft is arranged coaxially with the motor, and therefore coaxially with the rotor, such that the axis of rotation of the shaft preferably coincides with the axis of rotation of the machine. In particular, at least one gear element is provided, which, when non-torsionally connected to the housing, is rotatable relative to the housing about a main axis of rotation, wherein the gear element and other gear elements disposed in the electric drive device are preferably arranged coaxially with each other. Furthermore, preferably, the gear elements and other gear elements disposed in the electric drive device are arranged coaxially with the output shaft and / or with the motor, such that the main axis of rotation preferably coincides with the axis of rotation of the shaft and / or the axis of rotation of the machine. The electric drive device has at least two drive elements, namely the output shaft and at least one gear element. In other words, at least the output shaft and the gear element are configured as drive elements of the electric drive device.

[0008] The electrically driven device also includes, for example, an electromagnetically actuated switching device, which is capable of switching between at least two switching positions, namely a first switching state and a second switching state. In principle, hydraulic or purely electromechanical actuation is also conceivable. For example, in the first switching state, the gear element is torsionally connected to the output shaft via the switching device. In the second switching state, the output shaft is decoupled, for example, from the housing and the gear element, and thus can rotate relative to the housing and the gear element, particularly about an axis of rotation and / or about a main axis of rotation.

[0009] To achieve the particularly advantageous and extensive functionality of the electrically driven device in a particularly space-saving manner, according to the invention, the switching device has, for example, an electromagnetically switchable first one-way clutch. This switchable first one-way clutch has a first disc body that is torque-transmitting, particularly torsionally coupled to, one of the drive elements, particularly a gear element, and is particularly torsionally connected to the gear element. The first one-way clutch has a second disc body that is torque-transmitting, particularly torsionally coupled to, another drive element, particularly an output shaft, and is particularly torsionally connected to the output shaft. This second disc body is preferably arranged coaxially with the first disc body. Furthermore, the first one-way clutch has a first small plate that is movable, particularly pivotally held, on the second disc body. This first small plate is also referred to as a first locking body or the first locking body of the first one-way clutch. The first one-way clutch can be switched, for example, electromagnetically, between a locked state and a released state. The locked state is the first state, or also referred to as the first state, and the released state is the second state, or also referred to as the second state. In the locked state, the first plate can be inserted into or into the first groove, thereby restricting the first disc body from rotating about the axis of rotation relative to the second disc body in the first rotational direction. This allows the second disc body to be driven from the first disc body in the first rotational direction via the first plate, thus enabling it to rotate about the axis of rotation relative to the housing in the first rotational direction. Specifically, movement of the first plate relative to the locking body is provided in the locked state, allowing the first plate to be inserted into or into the first groove. In particular, it is conceivable that the disc bodies are arranged coaxially relative to each other. The axis of rotation preferably coincides with the axis of rotation of the shaft and / or the main axis of rotation and / or the axis of rotation of the machine, such that the disc body is preferably coaxial with the output shaft and / or with the gear elements and / or with the motor, thereby being coaxially arranged with the rotor. In the released state, the first plate is prevented from inserting into the first groove, thereby allowing the first disc body to rotate about the axis of rotation relative to the second disc body and preferably also relative to the housing in the first rotational direction. In this case, the first one-way clutch can be switched by, for example, an electromagnetically operated switching device, thus enabling purposeful and active switching from one state to another, and preferably from another state to one state. Therefore, the first one-way clutch can switch between locked and released states as needed.

[0010] The switching device also has a self-triggered and therefore passive second one-way clutch, which has a third disc that is torque-transmitting, particularly torsionally coupled to, and particularly torsionally connected to, one of the first drive elements, particularly a gear element, wherein the third disc preferably has a second groove. The second one-way clutch has a fourth disc that is torque-transmitting, particularly torsionally coupled to, one of the second drive elements, particularly an output shaft, and particularly torsionally connected to the output shaft, and the fourth disc is preferably coaxially arranged with the third disc. Preferably, the third and fourth discs are coaxially arranged relative to each other, wherein preferably the third and fourth discs are coaxial with respect to the output shaft and / or with respect to the gear element and / or with respect to the motor, and therefore coaxial with respect to the rotor. The second one-way clutch automatically restricts the third disc via its second plate. That is, without active operation, its second plate is movably, and particularly pivotally, held on the fourth disc, preventing rotation relative to the fourth disc about its axis of rotation in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction. Thus, the fourth disc can be driven by the third disc in the second rotational direction via the second plate, thereby rotating relative to the housing about its axis of rotation in the second rotational direction. The second one-way clutch automatically releases the third disc, allowing it to rotate relative to the fourth disc about its first axis of rotation in the first rotational direction without active operation. Therefore, advantageous, particularly extensive functionality, and technically simple and rapid switching of the electric drive device can be achieved in a particularly space-saving, weight-saving, and cost-effective manner.

[0011] The gear element and output shaft are rotatable, for example, relative to the housing about the respective element's axis of rotation, particularly when they are not torsionally connected to the housing. The elements' axes of rotation preferably coincide, wherein the elements' axes of rotation preferably coincide with the machine's axis of rotation. The axis of rotation of the gear element is preferably the main axis of rotation, and the axis of rotation of the output shaft is preferably the shaft's axis of rotation. The elements' axes of rotation coincide, for example, such that the output shaft and gear element are preferably arranged coaxially relative to each other. Furthermore, preferably, the respective element's axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation of the respective disc, such that the drive element is preferably coaxial relative to each other and / or coaxial relative to the discs that are preferably arranged coaxially relative to each other. Preferably, the third disc is coaxial with the first disc and arranged coaxially with the second disc. Preferably, the fourth disc is coaxial with the first disc and arranged coaxially with the second disc. Preferably, the first and third discs are torsionally connected to each other, particularly permanently. Preferably, the second and fourth discs are torsionally connected to each other, particularly permanently. Preferably, the first and third discs are integrally formed, and therefore formed from a single piece. This should be understood as follows: preferably, the first and third discs are not constructed as separate and connected components, but rather preferably, the first and third discs are integrally formed, i.e., formed as a single piece, and therefore manufactured as a single piece and thus formed as a whole body. Preferably, the second and fourth discs are integrally formed, and therefore formed as a single piece. Thus, preferably, the second and fourth discs are not constructed as separate and connected components, but rather preferably, the second and fourth discs are integrally formed, and therefore formed as a single piece, and thus formed as a whole, constructed and manufactured as a single piece. The output shaft is preferably arranged coaxially with the gear element. The discs are preferably arranged coaxially with respect to each other and with respect to the drive element.

[0012] The first plate is, for example, movably, and particularly pivotally, held on the second disc, thus being torsionally connected to the disc, for example, relative to the axis of rotation, when the disc is not torsionally connected to the housing. The first plate is the first locking body of the first one-way clutch, or is also referred to as the first locking body of the one-way clutch. In the locked state of the first one-way clutch, under the torque acting on the first disc about the axis of rotation in the first rotational direction, the first plate can be inserted into or inserted into the first groove, and particularly held in the first groove, thereby driving the second disc by means of the first plate following the second disc in the first rotational direction, particularly when the first disc is driven by the torque acting on the first disc about the axis of rotation in the first rotational direction in the locked state. In the locked state of the first one-way clutch, under the torque acting on the second disc body about the rotation axis in the second rotation direction, the second disc body is driven, for example, about the rotation axis in the second rotation direction, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the rotation axis in the second rotation direction. The first plate can be inserted into or inserted into the first groove, and is particularly held in the first groove. Thus, the second disc body follows the first disc body in the second rotation direction through the first plate and thus drives the first disc body, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the rotation axis in the second rotation direction.

[0013] In the released state, for example magnetically and / or electrically and / or mechanically, and for example by spring force, the first plate is prevented from inserting into the first groove, thus enabling it to move into the first groove. As a result, the first disc cannot drive the second disc in the first rotational direction via the first plate, nor can the second disc drive the first disc in the second rotational direction via the first plate.

[0014] For example, a force is applied, specifically permanently, to the second plate, enabling it to be permanently inserted into the second groove, thereby allowing it to move into the second groove. The force is, for example, magnetic and / or spring force, wherein the spring force acts, for example, within the respective second plate itself, for example, through the respective second plate, particularly through its own elastic deformation. Alternatively or additionally, the spring force is provided by a spring device, specifically provided outside the second plate, wherein the spring force acts, for example, specifically from the outside on the respective second plate.

[0015] To advantageously support particularly high forces and / or torques, for example by means of a first small plate and a second small plate, in another embodiment of the invention, when viewed in the radial direction of the drive device, the first and second grooves are arranged at the same height, particularly on the same diameter or radius. As a result, both the first and second small plates can be arranged on a particularly large diameter relative to the axis of rotation, thus enabling the support of particularly high torques. Furthermore, a large number of small plates can be used. For example, when viewed in the circumferential direction of the drive device extending about the axis of rotation, the first and second small plates are arranged alternately and continuously. This provides particularly advantageous support.

[0016] The second plate is, for example, movably, and particularly pivotally, held on the fourth disc, and thus is torsionally connected to the fourth disc relative to the axis of rotation. The second plate is either the second locking element of the second one-way clutch or is also connected as the second locking element of the second one-way clutch. In the event of a torque acting on the third disc in the second rotational direction about the axis of rotation, and thus rotating the third disc relative to the housing in the second rotational direction, the second plate can be inserted into or held in the second recess, and in particular, in the second recess, thereby causing the third disc to follow and thus drive the fourth disc in the second rotational direction, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the axis of rotation in the second rotational direction. In the case of a torque acting on the third disc body in the first rotational direction about the rotation axis, particularly in the released state, and thus causing the third disc body to rotate relative to the housing in the first rotational direction about the rotation axis, and in the case of a torque acting on the fourth disc body in the second rotational direction about the rotation axis, particularly in the released state of the first one-way clutch, and thus causing the fourth disc body to rotate relative to the housing in the second rotational direction about the rotation axis, the second small plate can extend out from the second groove, particularly due to or due to the relative rotation occurring between the third and fourth disc bodies about the rotation axis and in the released state of the first one-way clutch, so that, particularly in the released state of the first one-way clutch, the third disc body can rotate relative to the fourth disc body in the first rotational direction about the rotation axis, and so that, particularly in the released state of the first one-way clutch, the fourth disc body can rotate relative to the third disc body in the second rotational direction about the rotation axis.

[0017] In particular, when the corresponding small plate of the corresponding one-way clutch is inserted into the corresponding relevant groove in the corresponding one-way clutch and thus engages, the corresponding disc of the corresponding one-way clutch interacts with the corresponding small plate of the corresponding one-way clutch in a form-locking manner. As a result, as described above, one of the corresponding discs of the corresponding one-way clutch can be driven about the axis of rotation in the corresponding rotational direction relative to the corresponding other disc of the corresponding one-way clutch.

[0018] In the released state of the first one-way clutch, for example, the output shaft can be driven by the gear element in the second rotational direction via the second one-way clutch about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, particularly about the shaft rotation axis, thereby rotating relative to the housing in the second rotational direction about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, such as the shaft rotation axis, because when the gear element, particularly by means of the rotor, is driven in the second rotational direction about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the main rotation axis, and therefore about the element rotation axis belonging to the gear element, in the released state of the first one-way clutch, thereby rotating relative to the housing in the second rotational direction about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the gear element, particularly the main rotation axis, the gear element follows the output shaft via the second one-way clutch, and therefore rotates relative to the housing in the second rotational direction about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, such as the shaft rotation axis, i.e., rotates together. As a result, for example, in the released state, the rotor can rotate about the axis of rotation of the associated element via the gear element and the second one-way clutch, that is, about the axis of rotation of the element belonging to the output shaft, and in particular, rotate the output shaft relative to the housing in a second rotational direction about the axis of rotation about the shaft. As a result, for example, the vehicle wheels (drive wheels) that can be driven by the drive device and are therefore associated with the drive device can rotate about the axis of rotation of the wheel relative to the housing in a first wheel rotational direction. As a result, for example, in the released state, the vehicle (motor vehicle) can be driven, thereby being driven in a first direction of motion extending along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and thus being moved. The first direction of motion extends from rear to front, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, so that the vehicle can therefore be driven forward by means of an electric motor, that is, driven forward.

[0019] In the released state of the first one-way clutch, the gear element can rotate relative to the output shaft and preferably also relative to the housing in the first rotational direction about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., the element rotation axis belonging to the gear element, which is, for example, the main rotation axis, without needing to drive the output shaft about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, which is, for example, the shaft rotation axis, in the first rotational direction. If, in the released state of the first one-way clutch, the third gear element, particularly by means of a rotor, is driven about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the gear element, in the first rotational direction, thereby rotating relative to the housing in the first rotational direction about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the gear element, then the gear element will rotate relative to the output shaft in the first rotational direction about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the gear element, without driving the output shaft about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, because in the released state, the output shaft is driven in the first rotational direction from the gear element about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the first rotational direction by neither the first one-way clutch nor the second one-way clutch. In other words, therefore, for example, in the released state, torque cannot be transmitted from the gear element to the output shaft via either the first one-way clutch or the second one-way clutch, said torque being provided or designed to drive the output shaft in the first rotational direction.

[0020] In the released state of the first one-way clutch, for example, the output shaft can rotate in a second rotational direction relative to the gear element and preferably also relative to the housing about the element's rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, without driving the gear element about the element's rotation axis (main rotation axis) in the second rotational direction. If, in the released state of the first one-way clutch, the output shaft, particularly by means of the vehicle wheels, is driven in the second rotational direction about the associated element's rotation axis, i.e., about the element's rotation axis belonging to the output shaft (shaft rotation axis), and thus rotates in the second rotational direction relative to the housing about the element's rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, then the output shaft will rotate in the second rotational direction relative to the gear element about the element's rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, without driving the gear element about the element's rotation axis in the second rotational direction, because in the released state, the gear element is not driven from the output shaft about the element's rotation axis belonging to the gear element in the second rotational direction via either the first or second one-way clutch. In other words, for example, in the released state, the torque used to drive the gear element in the second rotational direction is not transmitted from the output shaft to the gear element via either the first or second one-way clutch. Therefore, for example, in the released state of the first one-way clutch, if the vehicle is traveling in the first direction of motion without being driven by the rotor (i.e., not by the motor), for example, by the vehicle traveling downhill on a slope in the first direction of motion, the vehicle wheels drive the output shaft in the second rotational direction about the rotational axis of the element belonging to the output shaft. Thus, the output shaft rotates relative to the housing in the second rotational direction about the rotational axis of the element belonging to the output shaft (shaft rotation axis). However, in this case, the output shaft does not drive the gear element in the second rotational direction about the rotational axis of the element belonging to the third gear element (main rotation axis), so that the output shaft does not drag the gear element, and therefore does not drag the rotor. Therefore, for example, in or through the released state of the first one-way clutch, the neutral state, denoted by N, is also set, i.e., activated.

[0021] In the released state of the first one-way clutch, for example, the gear element can be driven by the output shaft via the second one-way clutch about the element rotation axis (main rotation axis) belonging to the third gear element in the first rotation direction, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element in the first rotation direction. For example, particularly theoretically or hypothetically, if in the released state of the first one-way clutch, the output shaft, particularly by means of the vehicle wheels, is driven about the element rotation axis (shaft rotation axis) belonging to the output shaft in the first rotation direction, and thus rotates relative to the housing about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the first rotation direction, then the output shaft follows the gear element via the second one-way clutch, resulting in the gear element rotating relative to the housing about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element in the first rotation direction, i.e., rotating together. Particularly theoretically or hypothetically, this occurs, for example, when the vehicle (motor vehicle) is traveling in a second direction of motion that extends along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and is opposite to the first direction of motion, thus, for example, traveling backward on a slope, especially when the gear element is not driven by a rotor, i.e., by means of a motor. As a result, for example, the vehicle wheel rotates about its axis of rotation in a second direction of rotation opposite to that of the first wheel, particularly relative to the housing. This causes the vehicle wheel to drive the output shaft about the axis of rotation of an element belonging to the output shaft in the first rotational direction, and thus rotates relative to the housing about the axis of rotation of an element belonging to the output shaft in the first rotational direction. In this case, the output shaft follows the gear element via a second one-way clutch, and thus the gear element rotates about the axis of rotation of an element belonging to a third gear element (the main rotational axis) in the first rotational direction relative to the housing.

[0022] Specifically, it is conceivable that, in the released state, relative to the one-way clutch, the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element in the second rotational direction only via the second one-way clutch about the associated element rotation axis, i.e. about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft (shaft rotation axis). Alternatively, in the released state of the first one-way clutch, relative to the one-way clutch, the third gear element can be driven by the output shaft in the first rotational direction only via the second one-way clutch about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element. This is because, for example, in the released state and preferably also in the locked state, no torque acting in the second rotational direction about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element is transmitted from the third gear element to the output shaft via the first one-way clutch. Furthermore, since, for example, in the released state and preferably also in the locked state, no torque acting in the first rotational direction about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft is transmitted from the output shaft to the gear element via the first one-way clutch.

[0023] In the locked state of the first one-way clutch, for example, in the released state, the output shaft can be driven in the second rotational direction by the third gear element via the second one-way clutch about the element rotation axis (shaft rotation axis) belonging to the output shaft, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the second rotational direction. This is because when the gear element, especially by means of the rotor, is driven in the second rotational direction about the element rotation axis (main rotation axis) belonging to the third gear element in the released state of the first one-way clutch, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element in the second rotational direction, the gear element follows the output shaft via the second one-way clutch, and therefore rotates relative to the housing about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the second rotational direction, i.e., rotates together.

[0024] In the locked state of the first one-way clutch, the output shaft can, for example, be driven in the first rotational direction by the third gear element via the first one-way clutch about the element rotation axis (shaft rotation axis) belonging to the output shaft, thereby rotating relative to the housing in the first rotational direction about the element rotation axis (shaft rotation axis) belonging to the output shaft. This is because when the gear element, particularly by means of the rotor, is driven in the first rotational direction about the element rotation axis (main rotation axis) belonging to the third gear element in the locked state of the first one-way clutch, it rotates relative to the housing in the first rotational direction about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element. The gear element follows the output shaft via the first one-way clutch, thereby rotating relative to the housing in the first rotational direction about the element rotation axis (shaft rotation axis) belonging to the output shaft, i.e., rotating together. As a result, for example, in the locked state, the rotor can cause the output shaft to rotate relative to the housing in the first rotational direction about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft via the gear element and the second one-way clutch. Consequently, for example, the vehicle wheel can rotate relative to the housing in the second wheel rotational direction about the wheel rotation axis. As a result, for example, in the locked state, the vehicle can be driven, thereby being driven in the second direction of motion, thus moving, such that the vehicle can move backward, i.e., be driven backward.

[0025] In the locked state of the first one-way clutch, for example, the gear element can be driven by the output shaft via the first one-way clutch about the rotation axis (main rotation axis) of the third gear element in the second rotational direction, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the rotation axis of the third gear element in the second rotational direction. For example, if, in the locked state of the first one-way clutch, the output shaft, particularly by means of the vehicle wheels (drive wheels), is driven about the rotation axis of the output shaft element in the second rotational direction, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the rotation axis of the output shaft element in the second rotational direction, then the output shaft, via the first one-way clutch, drives the follower gear element, thereby causing the gear element to rotate relative to the housing about the rotation axis of the third gear element in the second rotational direction, i.e., they rotate together. Therefore, for example, the gear element can drive the rotor, thereby driving the motor, which can therefore operate in generator mode, and thus can function as a generator. This occurs, for example, when the vehicle is traveling in the first direction of motion, and thus, for example, moving forward without being driven by the motor. In this way, a recovery operation can be achieved, wherein, during the recovery operation, i.e., during recovery, the motor is driven by the vehicle wheels via a rotor, gear elements, a first one-way clutch, and an output shaft, thus utilizing the kinetic energy of the motor vehicle, particularly the forward-moving motor vehicle. The kinetic energy of the motor vehicle is converted into electrical energy by a generator, which can or will be provided by the generator. The electrical energy provided by the generator can, for example, be stored in the motor vehicle's energy storage device, also known as a battery, wherein the energy storage device is preferably a high-voltage component, the voltage of which, particularly the electrical operating voltage or nominal voltage, is preferably greater than 50 volts, particularly greater than 60 volts, and very preferably several 100 volts.

[0026] In the released state of the first one-way clutch, for example, as in the released state, the gear element can be driven by the output shaft via the second one-way clutch about the element rotation axis (main rotation axis) belonging to the third gear element in the first rotational direction, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element in the first rotational direction. For example, particularly theoretically or hypothetically, if in the released state of the first one-way clutch, the output shaft, especially by means of the vehicle wheels, is driven about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the first rotational direction, thereby rotating relative to the housing about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the first rotational direction, then the output shaft, via the second one-way clutch, drives the follower gear element, resulting in the gear element rotating about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element relative to the housing in the first rotational direction, i.e., rotating together.

[0027] Specifically, it is conceivable that, in the locked state, such as in the released state, the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element in the second rotational direction only via the second one-way clutch about the axis of rotation of the associated element, i.e. about the axis of rotation of the element belonging to the output shaft, in the second rotational direction. Alternatively, in the released state of the first one-way clutch, the gear element can be driven by the output shaft in the first rotational direction only via the second one-way clutch about the axis of rotation of the element belonging to the third gear element, because, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state, no torque acting in the second rotational direction about the axis of rotation of the element belonging to the third gear element is transmitted from the third gear element to the output shaft via the first one-way clutch. And, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state, no torque acting in the first rotational direction about the axis of rotation of the element belonging to the output shaft is transmitted from the output shaft to the gear element via the first one-way clutch.

[0028] It is also conceivable that, in the locked state, the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element in the first rotational direction only via the first one-way clutch about the axis of rotation of the element belonging to the output shaft, relative to the one-way clutch; or, in the locked state of the first one-way clutch, the gear element can be driven by the output shaft in the second rotational direction only via the first one-way clutch about the axis of rotation of the element belonging to the third gear element, relative to the one-way clutch, because, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state, no torque acting in the first rotational direction about the axis of rotation of the element belonging to the third gear element is transmitted from the third gear element to the output shaft via the second one-way clutch, and because, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state, no torque acting in the second rotational direction about the axis of rotation of the element belonging to the output shaft is transmitted from the output shaft to the gear element via the second one-way clutch.

[0029] Therefore, it is particularly conceivable that, in the locked state of the first one-way clutch, the first and second discs are torsionally connected to each other, particularly in the first action direction extending about the rotation axis and the second action direction extending about the rotation axis opposite to the first action direction. Preferably, the corresponding action directions coincide with the rotation axes of the corresponding elements. Therefore, it is also conceivable that, in the locked state, the third and fourth discs are torsionally connected to each other in the first and second action directions. In particular, it is provided that, in the locked state of the first one-way clutch, the gear element is torsionally connected to the output shaft. In particular, therefore, for example, in or through the locked state of the first one-way clutch, the driving state, denoted by D, is also set, i.e., activated. Therefore, it is conceivable that, for example, the first switching state is the driving state denoted by D, and the second switching state is the neutral state denoted by N.

[0030] In the context of this disclosure, the characteristic of two components, such as the drive element, and thus the gear element and output shaft, being torsionally connected to each other in the locked state of the first one-way clutch, should be understood as follows: the components torsionally connected to each other are arranged coaxially relative to each other, and, in particular, when the components are driven, rotate together or simultaneously about a common component rotation axis, such as the corresponding element rotation axis, with the same angular velocity, particularly relative to the housing. The characteristic of two components, such as the first drive element and the third disc, being connected or coupled to each other in a torque-transmitting manner should be understood as follows: the components are connected or coupled to each other in a manner in which torque can be transmitted between the components; thus, if the components are torsionally connected or coupled to each other, they are also connected or coupled to each other in a torque-transmitting manner.

[0031] The characteristic that two components, such as a first drive element and a third disc, are permanently connected or coupled to each other in a torque-transmitting manner means that no switching element is provided, for example, capable of switching between a coupled state and a decoupled state in which the components are connected or coupled in a torque-transmitting manner, in which no torque can be transmitted between the components via the switching element; rather, the components are always, consistently, and therefore permanently connected or coupled to each other in a torque-transmitting manner, that is, connected or coupled to each other in a manner in which torque can be transmitted between the components. Therefore, for example, one component can be driven by a corresponding other component, and vice versa.

[0032] Specifically, the characteristic of two components, such as a gear element and an output shaft, being permanently and torsionally connected or coupled to each other should be understood as not providing, for example, a switching element capable of switching between a coupled state and a decoupled state that torsionally connects or couples the components to each other, wherein the components are decoupled from each other and can rotate relative to each other such that torque cannot be transmitted between the components, but rather the components are always or consistently, and therefore permanently and torsionally connected or coupled to each other. Furthermore, the characteristic of two components being able to torsionally connect or couple to each other should be understood as a switching element associated with the components capable of switching between at least one coupled state and at least one decoupled state. In the coupled state, the components are torsionally connected or coupled to each other via an associated switching element. In the decoupled state, the components are decoupled from each other such that, in the decoupled state, the components can rotate relative to each other about a component rotation axis. The same applies to the characteristic of two components being able to connect or couple to each other in a torque-transmitting manner. Therefore, for example, the characteristic of two components being able to connect or couple to each other in a torque-transmitting manner should be understood as a switching element associated with the components capable of switching between at least one connected state and at least one released state. In the connected state, components are coupled or connected to each other via switching elements in a torque transmission manner, allowing torque to be transmitted between components through the switching elements. In the released state, components are decoupled from each other, so that no torque can be transmitted between components through the switching elements.

[0033] In one embodiment of the invention, the electric drive device further includes a planetary gear train through which the drive wheels can be driven by a motor via a rotor, particularly for pure electric drive. The planetary gear train specifically has at least or precisely three gear elements: a sun gear, a ring gear, and a planet carrier, also called a web. The planet gears of the planetary gear train are rotatably held on the planet carrier, forming a planetary gear set. The corresponding planet gears mesh with, for example, the sun gear and the ring gear, wherein meshing between the sun gear and the ring gear is specifically omitted, i.e., not provided. The first gear element is permanently and torsionally connected to the rotor. For example, the first gear element is the sun gear. The second gear element is permanently and torsionally connected to the housing of the electric drive device, wherein the second gear element is preferably the ring gear. The electric drive device also has an output shaft, which is specifically arranged in addition to the gear elements and is rotatable, for example, about an axis of rotation relative to the housing. In particular, it is conceivable that the output shaft is arranged coaxially with the motor, and therefore coaxially with the rotor, such that the axis of rotation of the shaft preferably coincides with the axis of rotation of the machine. Specifically, when the corresponding gear element is not torsionalally connected to the housing, it is rotatable relative to the housing about the main rotation axis, wherein the gear elements are preferably arranged coaxially with each other. Furthermore, preferably, the gear element is arranged coaxially with the output shaft and / or with the motor, such that the main rotation axis preferably coincides with the shaft rotation axis and / or the machine rotation axis. The electric drive device has two gear elements, namely the output shaft and the third gear element. In other words, the output shaft and the third gear element are the drive elements of the electric drive device.

[0034] The self-triggered second one-way clutch allows spontaneous engagement or activation of driving state D. Advantageously, the second plate of the self-triggered one-way clutch is oriented in such a way that, when the vehicle is moving forward, and thus when the vehicle is traveling forward in the longitudinal direction, the second plate of the self-triggered one-way clutch locks during traction operations. This enables spontaneous acceleration and spontaneous engagement of driving state D, particularly compared to switching elements (e.g., claw clutches or switchable one-way clutch elements), which must be actively engaged by actuation devices. To achieve a particularly compact structure, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second plate is provided to be arranged in the fourth disc, and to limit rotation of the third disc relative to the fourth disc in the second rotational direction about the axis of rotation, it can be inserted into the aforementioned second groove of the third disc.

[0035] Another design feature is that the second self-triggered one-way clutch is radially arranged within the first switchable one-way clutch, thus being more inward than the first switchable one-way clutch in the radial direction of the drive unit, and therefore in the radial direction of the motor, thereby enabling a particularly compact structure. The radial direction of the motor's drive unit extends perpendicular to the machine's axis of rotation. In particular, in this way, the switching device can be constructed into a very narrow structure, especially in the axial direction, and thus, when viewed along the machine's axis of rotation, can be constructed, for example, in a disc shape, thereby enabling a particularly space-saving structure.

[0036] In another design of the invention, the first gear element is a sun gear, the second gear element is a ring gear, and the third gear element is a planet carrier, also known as a web. In this way, a particularly compact structure for the drive device can be achieved.

[0037] In another embodiment of the invention, a first disc and / or a third disc are provided, particularly permanently and torsionally connected to a third gear element, and axially arranged near the planetary gears, thus axially arranged near the planetary gear set. Therefore, the structural space requirements of the drive unit can be kept within a particularly small range. To enable switching of the first one-way clutch between states as needed, and particularly in a space-saving manner, in another embodiment of the invention, the switching device has, for example, an electromagnetically actuated actuator and a sliding element having axially oriented compression springs, i.e., extending axially in the electric drive unit, and thus axially in the motor, with each compression spring abutting against a first small plate of the first one-way clutch, whereby the compression spring protrudes into a window provided for this purpose in the second disc of the first one-way clutch.

[0038] Another design of the invention is characterized in that the second disc is supported radially, and particularly rotatably, on the rotor shaft of the rotor on the one hand, and on the housing on the other hand, thereby ensuring a particularly compact structure.

[0039] To achieve the particularly advantageous and extensive functionality of the electric drive device in a particularly space-saving manner, another embodiment of the invention provides a switching device with a switchable third one-way clutch capable of switching between a third state and a fourth state. The third state is a second locked state, wherein the output shaft is torsionally connected to the housing via the third one-way clutch. The fourth state is a second released state, wherein the output shaft can rotate relative to the housing in at least one or exactly one rotational direction. In other words, in the third state (second locked state), the output shaft is torsionally connected to the housing via the third one-way clutch, such that, in particular, the output shaft cannot rotate relative to the housing in a first and second rotational direction about its axis of rotation. In the fourth state (second released state), the output shaft can rotate relative to the housing, particularly about its axis of rotation or about its axis of rotation in at least one or exactly one rotational direction, particularly in both rotational directions. Thus, for example, in or through the second locked state, the parking state, also denoted by P, is activated, i.e., engaged. In the parking state P, the axle, and therefore the vehicle wheels, are restricted to prevent rotation relative to the housing, thereby creating a parking lock, which is engaged, i.e., activated, in the second parking state. When the parking lock is engaged, the vehicle is restricted to prevent undesirable movement, which is particularly advantageous when the vehicle is parked on a slope or ramp. In the second released state, a third one-way clutch allows relative rotation between the output shaft and the housing, particularly along the axis of rotation of the shaft, and preferably in the first and second rotational directions, enabling the vehicle to move and, particularly, be driven as described above. In this case, the invention enables the parking lock to be implemented in a particularly space-saving manner.

[0040] The third one-way clutch has, for example, a third small plate that can be inserted into a third groove provided for this purpose in the fifth disc body at a first angular position relative to one of the rotation directions. Furthermore, for example, the third one-way clutch has a fourth small plate that can be inserted into a fourth groove provided for this purpose in the fifth disc body at a second angular position relative to another rotation direction opposite to the rotation direction.

[0041] The small plate of the one-way clutch is or serves as the locking body of the one-way clutch, by means of which a particularly advantageous, torsional-resistant connection of the drive element via the disc to the housing can be achieved. In particular, the small plate of the third one-way clutch allows for particularly high and especially radially symmetrical torque transmission, particularly by distributing force or torque to multiple small plates of the third one-way clutch, especially compared to conventional parking locks with only one tooth contact when engaged. As a result, when the parking lock is engaged according to the invention, a particularly high parking lock load can also be transmitted or supported, thereby particularly advantageously restricting the motor vehicle from possible movement. Furthermore, the invention allows the parking lock to be positioned particularly advantageously at the output end of the drive device, thereby enabling external actuation of the parking lock in a simple manner, thus facilitating the switching operation.

[0042] A switchable third one-way clutch is arranged, for example, at least substantially in the axial region of the switchable first one-way clutch and radially outside the switchable first one-way clutch. A fifth disc is axially fastened, for example, to a housing adjacent to the gear ring, particularly by means of insert teeth / splines, and in this case, is particularly torsionally connected to the housing. The fifth disc is, for example, at least substantially in the axial region of the first disc and radially outside the first disc.

[0043] The sliding element has, for example, an axially oriented second compression spring that abuts against a third small plate of a third one-way clutch, wherein the second compression spring protrudes into a window provided for this purpose in the second disc body.

[0044] The second aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle, also simply referred to as a vehicle, and preferably configured as an automobile, particularly a passenger car, having at least one electric drive device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein, according to the first aspect of the invention, the motor vehicle preferably has at least or exactly two electric drive devices. The advantages and advantageous designs of the first aspect of the invention should be regarded as advantages and advantageous designs of the second aspect of the invention, and vice versa.

[0045] The third aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an electrically driven device according to the first aspect of the invention. The advantages and advantageous designs of the first and second aspects of the invention should be considered as advantages and advantageous designs of the third aspect of the invention, and vice versa. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Other advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the features and combinations thereof mentioned in the specification, as well as the features and combinations thereof mentioned in and / or shown individually in the drawings, can be used not only in their respective combinations, but also in other combinations or individually.

[0047] In the drawings:

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an electric drive system for motor vehicles is shown.

[0049] Figure 2 A portion of a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the electric drive device is shown;

[0050] Figure 3 A portion of a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the electric drive device is shown; and

[0051] Figure 4 A portion of a schematic cross-sectional view of a one-way clutch, an optional feature of an electric drive device, is shown.

[0052] In the figure, the same or functionally identical elements have the same reference numerals. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Figure 1 A schematic view shows a drive unit 10 for a motor vehicle (also referred to simply as a vehicle). Figure 2 A first embodiment of the drive device 10 is shown, and Figure 3 A second embodiment of the drive device 10 is shown. For example, Figure 1 The second embodiment is illustrated schematically. The electric drive device 10 has a motor 12, which is configured, for example, as an axial flux motor, and thus as an axial flux machine (AFM). The motor 12 has a stator 14 and a rotor 16, which is driven by the stator 14 and thus rotatable relative to the stator 14 about the machine's rotation axis. The machine's rotation axis coincides with the main rotation axis 18, which is also simply referred to as the rotation axis. In the fully manufactured state of the motor vehicle, for example, the drive device 10 is associated with at least one vehicle wheel 20, which is also simply referred to as a wheel, and... Figure 1 The image specifically illustrates this, and it is also referred to as the drive wheel, which can be driven by means of an electric drive device 10, particularly pure electric drive. In this case, the drive device 10 has a planetary gear system 22, through which the vehicle wheels 20 (also referred to as drive wheels) can be driven by means of an electric motor 12, particularly pure electric drive. The drive device 10 also has Figure 1The housing 24 is shown schematically in particular, in which the planetary gear 22 is arranged, for example, within the housing 24. In particular, it can be seen that the stator 14 is permanently and torsionally connected to the housing 24.

[0054] The planetary gear train 22 has three gear elements: a sun gear 26, a ring gear 28, and a planet carrier 30, also simply referred to as a web. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the sun gear 26 is the first gear element of the planetary gear train 22, the ring gear 28 is the second gear element, and the planet carrier 30 is the third gear element. The planetary gear train 22 also has planet gears, one of which is located in… Figure 1 The diagram is shown schematically and indicated by reference numeral 32. The corresponding planetary gears 32 are rotatably held, specifically supported on the planet carrier 30. The drive unit 10 also has an output shaft 34, which, in addition to the gear elements, is rotatable relative to the housing 24 about its axis of rotation when the output shaft 34 (also simply referred to as the shaft) is not torsionally connected to the housing 24. The axis of rotation of the shaft coincides with the main axis of rotation 18, such that when the output shaft 34 is not torsionally connected to the housing 24, the output shaft 34 is rotatable relative to the housing 24 about the main axis of rotation 18. The vehicle wheels 20 can be driven by the output shaft 34, such that the vehicle wheels 20 can be driven by the planetary gear train 22 via the output shaft 34. In this case, the planetary gear train 22 can be driven by the rotor 16. Figure 1 It can be seen that the sun gear 26 (first gear element) is permanently and torsionally connected to the rotor 16, and in particular to the rotor shaft 36 of the rotor 16. The ring gear 28 (second gear element) is permanently and torsionally connected to the housing 24. The output shaft 34 and the planet carrier 30 (third gear element) are the output elements of the electric drive device 10.

[0055] The drive device 10 also has a switching device 38, which is particularly electromagnetically actuated, and Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, switching is possible between three switching states: a first switching state D, a second switching state N, and a third switching state P. The first switching state D is also referred to as the driving state, the second switching state N as the neutral state, and the third switching state P as the parking state, wherein a mechanical parking lock is provided. If the mechanical parking lock is engaged, and thus switching state P is activated, the vehicle wheels 20 are mechanically restricted / locked to prevent rotation relative to the housing 24, thereby restricting the motor vehicle to prevent undesirable movement.

[0056] exist Figure 2 In the first embodiment of the drive device 10 shown, the switching device 38 can only switch between switching state D (driving state) and switching state N (neutral state) relative to switching states D, N and P, so that no parking lock is implemented in the second embodiment.

[0057] In a first embodiment, the switching device 38 has a switchable first one-way clutch 40 and thus a passively self-triggered second one-way clutch 42. The switchable first one-way clutch 40 has a first disc body 44, which is permanently and torsionally connected to the planetary carrier 30, and has a first groove 46. Furthermore, the one-way clutch 40 has a second disc body 48, which is permanently and torsionally connected to the output shaft 34. The one-way clutch 40 also includes a first small plate 50 movably, and in particular pivotally, held on the second disc body 48. The first one-way clutch 40 is switchable between a locked state as a first state and a released state as a second state (also referred to as the first released state), particularly by active and, particularly, electromagnetic control or actuation of the switching device 38. In the locked state, also known as the first locked state, the first small plate 50 can be inserted into or into the corresponding first groove 46 of the disc body 44. Thus, in the locked state, the first disc body 44 and therefore the planet carrier 30 (third gear element) are restricted from rotating about the main rotation axis 18 in a first rotational direction relative to the second disc body 48 and therefore relative to the output shaft 34. This allows the second disc body 48 and therefore the output shaft 34 to be driven by the first disc body 44 via the first small plate 50, and therefore by the first disc body 44, and thus by the planet carrier 30 (web plate) in the first rotational direction about the main rotation axis 18, and therefore rotate relative to the housing 24 in the first rotational direction about the main rotation axis 18. The first rotational direction extending about the main rotation axis 18 (rotation axis) is indicated by arrow D1, and the second rotational direction extending about the main rotation axis 18 (rotation axis) is indicated by arrow D2. It can be seen that rotational directions D1 and D2 extend about the main rotation axis 18 and are opposite in direction. When the locked state is mentioned above and below, unless otherwise stated, it is understood to be the first locked state of the first one-way clutch 40. When the released state is mentioned above and below, unless otherwise stated, it is understood to be the first released state of the first one-way clutch 40.

[0058] The first direction of rotation extending about the main axis of rotation 18 is indicated by arrow D1. Arrow D2 indicates a second direction of rotation extending about the main axis of rotation 18 and opposite to the first direction of rotation. Therefore, the directions of rotation extend about the main axis of rotation 18 and are opposite.

[0059] With the one-way clutch 40 in the released state, the first small plate 50 is prevented from inserting into the corresponding first groove 46. As a result, the first disc 44 and therefore the web (planet carrier 30) can rotate relative to the second disc 48 and therefore relative to the output shaft 34 about the main rotation axis 18 in the first rotational direction. In this case, the first one-way clutch 40 can be actively switched from one state to another and / or from another state to one state by active and, in this case, electrical and / or electromagnetic control, i.e., by, for example, electrical actuation, particularly electromagnetic actuation, of the switching device 38. Therefore, the one-way clutch 40 can switch between the first state and the second state as needed, i.e., between the first released state and the first locked state.

[0060] The passive second one-way clutch 42 has a third disc 52 and a fourth disc 54. The third disc 52 is permanently and torsionally connected to the planetary carrier 30, and the fourth disc 54 is permanently and torsionally connected to the output shaft 34. In this example, the third disc 52 has a second recess 56, wherein the one-way clutch 42 has a second plate 58, which is movably and pivotally held on the disc 54. The plate 50 is permanently and torsionally connected to the disc 48 relative to the main rotation axis 18, such that relative movement extending about the main rotation axis 18 between the respective plate 50 and the disc 48 is omitted / prevented. The plate 58 is permanently and torsionally connected to the disc 54 relative to the main rotation axis 18, such that relative rotation occurring about the main rotation axis 18 between the respective second plate 58 and the disc 54 is omitted and thus prevented.

[0061] The passive second one-way clutch 42 automatically, without active operation, via the second small plate 58, restricts the third disc 52, thereby restricting the planetary carrier 30 and preventing it from rotating about the main rotation axis 18 in the second rotational direction relative to the fourth disc 54 and therefore relative to the output shaft 34. Thus, the fourth disc 54 and therefore the output shaft 34 can be driven in the second rotational direction by the third disc 52 and therefore by the planetary carrier 30 via the second small plate 58, and therefore can rotate relative to the housing 24 in the second rotational direction of the main rotation axis 18. The passive second one-way clutch 42 automatically releases the third disc 52, thereby releasing the planetary carrier 30 without active operation for rotation about the main rotation axis 18 in the first rotational direction (arrow D1) relative to the fourth disc 54 and therefore relative to the output shaft 34.

[0062] The motor 12 is configured to drive the planetary carrier 30 such that the planetary carrier 30 rotates about the main rotation axis 18 in a first rotational direction (arrow D1) relative to the housing 24. As a result, for example, forward travel of the motor vehicle in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle can be achieved. Furthermore, the motor 12 is configured to drive the planetary carrier 30 such that the planetary carrier 30 rotates about the main rotation axis 18 in a second rotational direction (arrow D2) relative to the housing 24. Therefore, for example, reverse travel of the motor vehicle in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle can be achieved, particularly when and only when the switchable first one-way clutch 40 is in a first locked state. For example, if the motor vehicle is moving forward, particularly because the motor vehicle is moving forward down a slope, and the vehicle wheels 20 are not driven by the motor 12, then the vehicle wheels 20 drive the output shaft 34 such that the output shaft 34 rotates about the main rotation axis 18 in a second rotational direction (arrow D2) relative to the housing 24. For example, particularly from a theoretical or hypothetical perspective, if the vehicle is traveling backward, for example by the vehicle driving backward down a slope, then the vehicle wheels 20 drive the output shaft 34 in such a way that the output shaft 34 rotates about the main rotation axis 18 relative to the housing 24 in a first rotational direction (arrow D1).

[0063] The corresponding discs 44, 52, 48, and 54 are corresponding discs or plates, resulting in a particularly compact structure. In the first embodiment, discs 44 and 52 are arranged coaxially relative to each other, wherein discs 44 and 52 are connected to each other, particularly permanently and torsionally. For this purpose, for example, discs 44 and 52 are constructed separately from each other and are connected to each other, particularly permanently and torsionally, or discs 44 and 52 are constructed integrally with each other, thus being formed from a single piece. Discs 48 and 54 are arranged coaxially relative to each other and are connected to each other, particularly permanently and torsionally. For this purpose, discs 48 and 54 are constructed separately from each other and are connected to each other, particularly permanently and torsionally, or discs 48 and 54 are constructed integrally with each other, thus being formed from a single piece. It can be seen that discs 44, 52, 48, and 54 are all arranged coaxially relative to each other. It can also be seen that the one-way clutch 42 is arranged radially within the one-way clutch 40, that is, in the radial direction of the drive device 10, its axial direction extends perpendicular to the radial direction of the drive device 10. The axial direction of the drive device 10 coincides with the main rotation axis 18, and the radial direction of the drive device 10 extends perpendicular to the main rotation axis 18, as indicated by the double arrow 60. It can be seen that the one-way clutch 42 is a passive one-way clutch for traction torque, and therefore for traction operation in the forward travel direction, i.e., for the aforementioned forward travel. All the small plates 58, for example configured as pressure elements or used as pressure elements, point in the same direction. The first one-way clutch 40 is a switchable one-way clutch, which, for example, actively engages for reverse travel and for retraction, i.e., actively switches to the locked state. In this case, all the small plates 50, for example configured as pressure elements or used as pressure elements, point in the same direction.

[0064] The drive device 10 has a sliding element 62, which in this example is configured as, for example, a sliding plate. The sliding element 62 is permanently and torsionally connected to the disc 48, but is axially movable, and thus movable along the main axis of rotation 18, and therefore axially movable relative to the disc 48, particularly reciprocating. For this purpose, an actuator 64 is provided, for example, by means of which the sliding element 62 is axially movable relative to the disc 48, i.e., reciprocating along the main axis of rotation 18. This means that, by means of the actuator 64, the sliding element 62 can selectively move relative to the disc 48 along the main axis of rotation 18 in a first sliding direction indicated by arrow 69, or along the main axis of rotation 18 in a second sliding direction opposite to the first sliding direction and indicated by arrow 71. By moving the sliding element 62 in the first sliding direction, for example, engaging, i.e., activating, a first locked state, the first released state is disengaged, i.e., deactivated. For example, by moving the sliding element 62 in the second sliding direction, the first released state is activated, i.e., engaged, the first locked state is disengaged, i.e., deactivated. The sliding element 62 carries, for example, a magnet, particularly a permanent magnet, especially on or within its inner diameter. Furthermore, for example, the sliding element 62 carries at least one or more compression springs for insertion into the plate 50 or the one-way clutch 40, i.e., for activating the first locked state, and particularly for maintaining the activated state. For example, the actuator 64 and the sliding element 62 are components of the switching device 38. Specifically, for example, the actuator 64 is a stator, as it is immovably held on the housing 24, wherein the sliding element 62 is movable along the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the disc 48 and relative to the housing 24 in a first sliding direction and a second sliding direction. Specifically, the actuator 64 is an electromagnetic linear switching element, which, for example in this example, has at least or exactly two coils 66 and 68. Depending on which of the coils 66 and 68 is energized, i.e., supplied with electrical energy, this causes a particularly additional attractive force or axial movement, particularly displacement, in the sliding element 62, thereby switching the sliding element 62 to, for example, switch the one-way clutch 40 from the locked state to the released state and / or from the released state to the locked state. After switching, for example, the sliding element 62 is magnetically locked in the axial sliding position set by the switching by a static magnetic force provided by the corresponding magnet, although a force in the form of a spring force generated by a compression spring, i.e., caused and thus provided by the compression spring, acts particularly axially on and is supported by or through the sliding element 62. Alternatively, for a passive locking function, if the static magnetic force is not precise or reliable enough, especially considering the high security requirements of the parking lock, a mechanical locking can be provided between the sliding element 62 and the second disc 48 or between the sliding element 85 and the sixth disc 76 without the need for current. Thus, for example, it is only possible to disengage, i.e., deactivate the parking lock, i.e., deactivate the parking state P, or activate, i.e., engage the switching state N, by providing active power to the actuator 64.On the other hand, no energy is required to switch the sliding element 62, i.e., to hold it in the position set by the switching mechanism, i.e., the sliding position. The power supply to the actuator 64 is only used to switch the one-way clutch 40 from one state to another and / or from another state to one state. Particularly advantageous is the ability to integrate a position sensor into the actuator 64, wherein, for example, the position sensor can detect the corresponding position of the sliding element 62, particularly the sliding position, which can be realized or achieved by appropriate circuitry. Figure 2 In the figure, the compression spring is indicated by reference numeral 70, by means of which the second plate 50 can be actuated, thereby activating the first locking state. The compression spring 70 has sufficient length, particularly extending axially in the drive device 10, and has sufficient spring deflection path to engage, i.e., activate, for example, switching state D and switching state P. In switching state D, and particularly in switching state P, the plate 50 remains depressed, for example, the resulting torsional connection between the output shaft 34 and the motor 12 or planetary carrier 30 is not disadvantageous. For example, the output shaft 34 is configured as a universal joint shaft. For example, the output shaft 34 is also referred to as a side shaft.

[0065] exist Figure 3 In the second embodiment of the electric drive device 10 shown, the switching device 38 is capable of switching to the same switching states D and N as in the first embodiment, as well as switching state P. For this purpose, the switching device 38 has a switchable third one-way clutch 72, which can switch between a second locked state as a third state and a second released state as a fourth state, particularly by the switching device 38, and especially by the active and, for example, electric and / or electromagnetic control or actuation of the actuator 64. The one-way clutch 42 has a fifth disc 74, which is permanently and torsionally connected to the housing 24, and in this example is configured as a parking lock wheel. Furthermore, the one-way clutch 72 has a sixth disc 76, which is permanently and torsionally connected to the output shaft 34. Discs 74 and 76 are arranged coaxially relative to each other. Disc 74 is coaxially arranged with discs 44, 52, 48, and 54, and disc 76 is coaxially arranged with discs 44, 52, 48, and 54. Therefore, discs 44, 52, 48, 54, 74, and 76 are all arranged coaxially relative to each other. Specifically, discs 48, 54, and 76 are torsionally connected to each other, particularly permanently. For example, discs 76, 48, and 54 are integrally formed, thus being formed from a single piece. Figure 4 It can be seen that the one-way clutch 72 has a third small plate 78 as a third locking body and a fourth small plate 80 as a fourth locking body. The small plates 78 and 80 are movably, and particularly pivotally, held on one of the disc bodies 74 and 76, in this example on disc body 76. The other disc body, in this example disc body 74, has a third groove 82 corresponding to the small plate 78 and a fourth groove 84 corresponding to the small plate 80. The second locking state is... Figure 4 S2 represents the second release state. Figure 4 It is represented by F2 in Chinese.

[0066] The second sliding element 85 is associated with the one-way clutch 72, which is capable of moving, for example, along the main rotation axis 18 with the sliding element 62, and thus axially moving relative to the housing 24 and relative to the discs 76 and 48. Reference numeral 87 indicates a compression spring, particularly for the axial actuation of the plates 78 and 80, wherein the second locking state S2 is engaged, i.e., activated, by the axial actuation of the plates 78 and 80. If the respective plates 78, 80 are not ideally located in their respective recesses 82, 84 during their axial actuation, the compression spring 87 is capable of maintaining a spring deflection / compression pretension until the discs 74 and 76 reach a rotational position relative to each other such that the respective plates 78, 80 advantageously overlap or cover their respective recesses 82, 84. Particularly under load, the plates 78 and 80 remain inserted. The small plates 78 and 80 will disengage by their own spring elements or by geometry (e.g., the ramps of the corresponding parts) only when the compression spring 87 has been extended / extended (i.e., no longer compressed) or the sliding element 85 has been extended / extended (especially when the sliding element is designed as a pressure plate) and is in an unloaded state.

[0067] from Figure 3 and Figure 4 As can be seen, in the second locked state S2, the output shaft 34 is torsionally fixed to the housing 24 by means of the one-way clutch 72, such that relative rotation between the output shaft 34 and the housing 24 extending about the main rotation axis 18, i.e., in both the first and second rotational directions, is suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the vehicle wheels 20 from rotating relative to the housing 24, thereby preventing undesirable movement of the motor vehicle.

[0068] As can be seen, in the locked state S2, the small plate 78 can be inserted into or into the groove 82, and the small plate 80 can be inserted into or into the groove 84. Thus, in the second locked state S2, the output shaft 34 is torsionally connected to the housing 24. In the second released state F2, the small plate 80 is prevented from being inserted into the corresponding groove 84, and the small plate 78 can be inserted into or into the groove 82. Thus, the one-way clutch 72 releases the output shaft 34 from rotating about the main rotation axis 18 in one rotational direction relative to the housing 24, and prevents the output shaft 34 from rotating about the main rotation axis 18 in another rotational direction relative to the housing 24. In the released state F2, one rotational direction in which the output shaft 34 can rotate about the main rotation axis 18 relative to the housing 24 is indicated by arrow 86, and another rotational direction in which the output shaft 34 cannot rotate about the main rotation axis 18 relative to the housing 24 is indicated by arrow 88, because this is prevented by the one-way clutch 72 in the released state F2.

[0069] The safety concept of drive device 10 is explained below: Redundant actuation of the parking lock can be a second current source on actuator 64, requiring, for example, two plugs through which electrical energy, i.e., current, can be supplied to actuator 64. This would be the solution for a single drive with a differential. In the case of a dual system, i.e., an axle drive with two wheel-selective motors, redundancy is automatically generated by doubling the independent parking locks on the right and left sides. For this purpose, for example, the corresponding side, i.e., the corresponding parking lock arranged on the corresponding side, is designed to withstand the maximum transferable parking lock load.

[0070] In the first case, for example, the vehicle is on a slope, switching state P is activated, and the driver expects, for example, to travel forward. Therefore, for example, the one-way clutch 72 is initially in the second locked state S2. In this case, for example, the engagement plate 78 engages into the corresponding groove 82 and is thus engaged, resulting in preventing the vehicle from moving backward or in reverse, thereby preventing the vehicle from moving backward in the longitudinal direction. Although the plate 80, in particular by means of the compression spring 87, is inserted into the corresponding groove 84, it does not bear torque because the slope output force does not act forward in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, but rather backward on the vehicle in the longitudinal direction. To change from switching state P to switching state D, as... Figure 4 As shown, the small plate 80 moves backward, for example, by its own spring element, thereby preventing the small plate 80 from inserting into the groove 84, even though the release state F2 is set, and therefore the small plate 78 remains inserted into the groove 82, even though the sliding element 68, specifically configured as a sliding plate, is displaced accordingly under load. Then, under the appropriate driving torque desired by the driver of the motor vehicle, the motor 12 is able to drive the planetary carrier 30 and its drive output shaft 34 to propel the motor vehicle forward, thereby driving the motor vehicle forward, thus moving forward, because the disc 74 is able to rotate relative to the disc 76 in the rotational direction indicated by arrow 86. In this case, the disc 74 is able to remove the small plate 78 from the groove 82, because the disc 74 engages the small plate 78. However, by means of the small plate 78, for example, rotation of the disc 74 relative to the disc 76 in the rotational direction indicated by arrow 88 is prevented, especially until this release state of the one-way clutch 72 is set by preventing the small plate 78 from inserting into or engaging into the corresponding groove 82.

[0071] In the second case, the vehicle is on or down a slope, causing a forward slope force in the longitudinal direction to act on the vehicle, and the switching state P is activated, and the driver of the vehicle intends to reverse. Then something similar to the first case occurs. In the third case, the vehicle is stopped on an uphill or flat slope, and the driver intends to reverse. First, engaging the switching state P, the small plate 78 is inserted into the corresponding groove 82 and bears torque to prevent the vehicle from moving backward. Although the small plate 80 is inserted via the compression spring 87 and thus engaged in the groove 84, it does not bear torque about the main rotation axis 18, i.e., it does not support / bear torque about the main rotation axis 18. In this case, unlike the first case, when changing from the switching state P to the reverse state R to achieve reverse driving of the vehicle, when the parking lock is engaged, i.e., when the switching state P is activated, the motor 12 is driven forward, i.e., to achieve forward driving, specifically until the small plate 78 is released, but the small plate 80 is loaded. When the motor 12 and, for example, the transmission system are kept pre-tensioned in the direction of achieving forward travel, the sliding element 62 moves axially by means of the actuator 64 to switch from switching state P to switching state D. As a result, the plate 78 moves backward, i.e., disengages, thereby preventing, for example, the plate 78 from engaging in the corresponding groove 82. As long as the driver of the motor vehicle does not release the service brake of the motor vehicle and does not request drive torque, and therefore does not provide any drive torque demand signal, i.e., does not accelerate, the motor vehicle can be stopped by the parking brake. Then, for example, the torque provided by the motor 12 is removed, thereby terminating, and the motor vehicle is now able and / or permitted to move backward, i.e., backward in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the plate 80 moves backward particularly automatically, especially by means of the rotation of the disc 74 relative to the disc 76 in the rotational direction indicated by arrow 88, thereby sliding on the plate 80 and removing the plate from the corresponding groove 84.

[0072] In the fourth case, the vehicle is on or in the middle of a downhill slope, causing the slope force to act on the vehicle forward in the longitudinal direction, or the vehicle is on or in a plane, and the switching state P is engaged, and the driver desires to move forward, thus moving forward in the longitudinal direction. Then it proceeds in a manner similar to the third case.

[0073] List of reference numerals

[0074] 10 Electric drive equipment

[0075] 12 motors

[0076] 14 stators

[0077] 16 rotors

[0078] 18 main rotation axes

[0079] 20 vehicle wheels

[0080] 22 Switching devices

[0081] 24 shell

[0082] 26 Sun Gears

[0083] 28-tooth ring

[0084] 30 planetary carriers

[0085] 32 planetary wheels

[0086] 34 output shafts

[0087] 36 rotor shafts

[0088] 38 switching devices

[0089] 40 Switchable First One-Way Clutch

[0090] 42 Self-triggered second one-way clutch

[0091] 44 First plate

[0092] 46 First Groove

[0093] 48 Second Disc

[0094] 50 First Small Board

[0095] 52 Third Disc

[0096] 54 Fourth Disc

[0097] 56 Second Groove

[0098] 58 Second Small Board

[0099] 60 double arrows

[0100] 62 sliding elements

[0101] 64 actuators

[0102] 66 coils

[0103] 68 coils

[0104] 69 arrows

[0105] 70 compression spring

[0106] 71 arrows

[0107] 72 Switchable Third One-Way Clutch

[0108] 74 Fifth Disc

[0109] 76 Sixth Disc

[0110] 78 small board

[0111] 80 small board

[0112] 82 grooves

[0113] 84 grooves

[0114] 85 sliding element

[0115] 86 arrows

[0116] 87 compression spring

[0117] 88 arrows

[0118] D Switching Status

[0119] Arrow D1

[0120] D2 arrow

[0121] N Switching Status

[0122] P Switching Status

[0123] F2 Release State

[0124] S2 Second Locking State

Claims

1. An electric drive device (10) for a motor vehicle, comprising: - an electric machine (12) having a rotor (16) and a stator (14); - an output shaft (34); - two drive elements, namely the output shaft (34) and a gear element; - a switching device (38); characterized in that the switching device comprises: - a switchable first one-way clutch (40) having a first disk body (44) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to one of the drive elements and has a first recess (46), a second disk body (48) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to the other drive element and has a first platelet (50) which is movably held on the second disk body (48) and is switchable between a locked state as a first state and a released state as a second state, wherein o in the locked state, the first platelet (50) is insertable or inserted into the first recess (46), whereby in the locked state the first disk body (44) is restricted from rotating about an axis of rotation (18) in a first rotational direction (Dl) relative to the second disk body (48) such that in the locked state the second disk body (48) is drivable by the first disk body (44) in the first rotational direction (Dl) by the first platelet (50) and thus is rotatable about the axis of rotation (18) in the first rotational direction (Dl) relative to the housing (24); o in the released state, the first platelet (50) is prevented from being inserted into the first recess (46), whereby the first disk body (44) is rotatable about the axis of rotation (18) in the first rotational direction (Dl) relative to the second disk body (48); and o the first one-way clutch (40) is actively switchable from at least one of the states to the other state by actuating the switching device (38); - a self-triggering second one-way clutch (42) which o has a third disk body (52) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to a first one of the drive elements and a fourth disk body (54) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to a second one of the drive elements; o automatically restricts the third disk body (52) from rotating about the axis of rotation (18) in a second rotational direction (D2) opposite the first rotational direction (Dl) relative to the fourth disk body (54) by a second platelet (58) of the second one-way clutch (42), whereby the fourth disk body (54) is drivable by the third disk body (52) in the second rotational direction (D2) by the second platelet (58) and thus is rotatable about the axis of rotation (18) in the second rotational direction (D2) relative to the housing (24); and o automatically releases the third disk body (52) for rotation about the axis of rotation (18) in the first rotational direction (Dl) relative to the fourth disk body (54).

2. The electric drive device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that The second platelet (58) is arranged in the fourth disc body (54) and can be inserted into a second recess (56) provided in the third disc body (52) for the purpose of limiting in order to prevent the third disc body (52) from rotating about the axis of rotation (18) in the first direction of rotation (D1) relative to the fourth disc body (54).

3. Electric drive (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The second one-way clutch (42) is arranged radially within the first one-way clutch (40).

4. Electric drive (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A planetary gear train (22) is provided, which has three gear elements, namely a sun gear (26), a ring gear (28) and a planet carrier (30), on which planet wheels (32) are rotatably held, wherein a first gear element is connected in a torque-proof manner to the rotor (16); and a second gear element is connected in a torque-proof manner to a housing (24) of the electric drive (10).

5. Electric drive (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that The first gear element is a sun gear (26), the second gear element is a ring gear (28) and the third gear element is a planet carrier (30).

6. Electric drive (10) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that The first disc body (44) and / or the third disc body (52) is / are connected in a torque-proof manner to a third gear element and is / are arranged axially adjacent to the planet wheels (32).

7. Electric drive (10) according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that The second disc body (48) and / or the fourth disc body (54) is / are connected in a torque-proof manner to the output shaft (34) or is / are designed in one piece with the output shaft (34).

8. Electric drive (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The switching device (38) has an actuator (64) and a sliding element (62) which has an axially oriented first compression spring (70) which, at least in the locked state, respectively bears against the first platelet (50) of the first one-way clutch (40), wherein the first compression spring (70) projects into a window provided for this purpose in the second disc body (48) of the first one-way clutch (40).

9. Electric drive (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The second disc body (48) is supported radially on the rotor shaft (36) of the rotor (16) on the one hand and on the housing (24) on the other hand.

10. Electric drive (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The switching device (38) has a switchable third one-way clutch (72) which can be switched between: the locked state, in which the third one-way clutch (72) is connected in a torque-proof manner to the rotor (16) and the output shaft (34) is connected in a torque-proof manner to the housing (24), and the released state, in which the third one-way clutch (72) is connected in a torque-proof manner to the housing (24) and the output shaft (34) is connected in a torque-proof manner to the rotor (16). - a third state, as a second locked state (S2), in which the output shaft (34) is torsionally rigidly connected to the housing (24) by means of the third one-way clutch (72); and - a fourth state, as a second release state (F2), in which the output shaft is rotatable relative to the housing in at least one or exactly one of the rotational directions.

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