Ecological protection system for large-scale offshore marine facility

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of large offshore marine culture facilities. An ecological protection system for a large offshore marine culture facility comprises two slow-flow wave-resisting units arranged on the two sides of the strong-flow direction of culture equipment, and each unit comprises a slow-flow wave-resisting box cage, a slow-flow wave-resisting net and a bottom balance weight box cage which are connected from top to bottom. The slow-flow wave-resisting box cage is provided with a buoyancy assembly, the bottom balance weight box cage is connected with a foundation anchoring structure, and aquatic organisms can be cultivated in the box cage. The opposite sides of the slow-flow wave-resisting box cage are connected with the opposite sides of the bottom counterweight box cage through slow-flow wave-resisting nets; the top of the bottom balance weight box cage is hinged to a slow-flow wave-resisting net, and the slow-flow wave-resisting net is detachably and rapidly connected with the top of the bottom balance weight box cage. Flow slowing and wave blocking are effectively achieved through the multi-stage energy dissipation structure, safety of a main large offshore marine culture facility is guaranteed, economic output and ecological purification are achieved by culturing algae and shellfish, and comprehensive benefits are remarkable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of large-scale offshore marine culture facilities, and particularly relates to an ecological protection system for large-scale offshore marine culture facilities. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the decline of offshore fishery resources, marine culture has gradually become an important way to ensure the supply of aquatic products. Large-scale offshore marine culture facilities refer to marine culture engineering systems with large-capacity culture water bodies and high systematization and automation characteristics, which are established in open offshore sea areas far from sheltered coastlines, such as large-scale offshore truss net cages. As the core equipment of intensive culture, large-scale offshore marine culture facilities have become the key infrastructure for promoting the development of deep-sea culture, and the technical maturity directly determines the upper limit of the industry development. However, in the operation of large-scale offshore marine culture facilities in open sea areas, they need to withstand strong waves, strong currents and other multiple hydrodynamic effects for a long time, and the complexity and severity of the environment are much higher than those in sheltered coastal waters. It should be noted that the so-called marine culture cage refers to a facility used for culturing fish in the sea, which is generally referred to as a cage by personnel in the field. However, as of now, there is no public report on the innovative transformation of the cage into a slow-flow and wave-resistant cage or a bottom-weighted cage to combine the protection and culture functions in the prior art field, and this technical gap leads to the difficulty in coordinating the protection and production needs.

[0003] The existing large offshore marine culture facilities have the following problems in operation: 1. The large offshore marine culture facility net system will drift and deform greatly under the action of strong flow, resulting in reduction of effective culture space, net hooking facility structure, and accelerated wear and tear of the net, even rupture, which leads to escape of cultured fish, economic loss, and ecological safety accidents (when the flow rate exceeds 60 cm / s, the net system will be compressed by 20%-45% in volume, and the effective culture space will be greatly reduced); 2. High-speed water flow forces the cultured fish to move continuously against the flow, increasing energy consumption, reducing growth rate and feed conversion rate, and significantly increasing the risk of disease, which seriously affects the culture benefit (such as a 15%-20% reduction in growth rate and a more than 10% reduction in feed conversion rate); 3. The mainstream protection means of the existing large offshore marine culture facilities, such as simply strengthening the structure of large offshore marine culture facilities, building traditional (rigid) breakwater, or laying abandoned fishing boats, all have limitations such as high cost of breakwater, strong ecological destruction, unstable efficiency, insufficient safety, etc., and can only be used in near-shore sheltered waters, and cannot adapt to the needs of large-scale deep-sea culture, and the existing ecological protection system has no output; simply strengthening the structure of the equipment body can short-term improve the impact resistance, but will increase the construction cost by more than 30%, and cannot solve the problem of net system caused by strong flow; 4. The load of large offshore marine culture facilities is overloaded, and the large offshore marine culture facilities are displaced (when the large offshore marine culture facilities are in the mode of bottom-attached net cage and other bottom-attached culture equipment, the related large offshore marine culture facilities also face the problems of intensified bottom scouring, foundation displacement, and other special problems, which further threaten the operation safety); in addition, a large number of abandoned fishing nets are difficult to dispose in an environmentally friendly manner, the ordinary polypropylene cable used for the pulling chain is difficult to safely resist wind and waves, and the traditional concrete foundation anchoring structure is prone to failure due to corrosion of steel bars, which further restricts the sustainable and healthy development of large offshore marine culture facilities; 5. In terms of ecological and economic balance, the existing technology is trapped in the dilemma of "disconnection between protection and benefit". Some research attempts to develop a protection system for large offshore marine culture facilities, but only a single protection function can be provided without additional economic output, resulting in an investment recovery period of more than 15 years, which is difficult to industrialize and popularize; 6. A large number of abandoned fishing nets in this field and other fields of industrial symbiosis are huge in quantity, and there is currently a lack of environmentally friendly disposal methods; the traditional polypropylene cable used in this field for the pulling chain is prone to breakage in adverse weather conditions such as typhoons, further causing anchor displacement and other adverse accidents; the steel reinforced concrete foundation anchoring structure used in this field is prone to failure due to corrosion, and has a short cycle and a series of problems, which together constitute the technical bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the industry. The existing technology can partially alleviate single problems, but has not yet formed a solution that coordinates "safety protection - ecological recycling - economic output".

[0004] Therefore, the technical field urgently needs a large offshore marine culture facility ecological protection system with reasonable structure, significant efficiency and strong environmental adaptability. It not only needs to have excellent wave resistance performance and water power reduction performance, and has the function of breeding fish and other aquatic organisms, but also can significantly reduce the flow velocity around the large offshore marine culture facility, improve the water environment of the breeding water, realize the coordination of "safety protection - economic output - additional breeding", create additional value through polyculture, and realize the resource utilization of waste fishing nets and other waste materials, and improve the durability and reliability of the anchoring system, forming a solution of "safety protection - ecological cycle - economic output" coordination. At present, there is no mature technical solution in the field with the above functions, which has become a "neck" problem restricting the development of large offshore marine culture facility industry, and people in the field have no solution. At present, there is an urgent need for an ecological protection system for large offshore marine culture facilities. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems of the net system of the existing large offshore marine culture facility drifting and deforming severely under strong flow, breeding space compression, fish stress reaction, high cost and ecological unfriendliness of traditional protection measures, and environmental and durability challenges brought by waste fishing nets and easily corroded foundation anchoring structure, the present application provides an ecological protection system for large offshore marine culture facilities to solve at least one of the above technical problems, and ultimately realizes the coordination of guaranteeing breeding safety, improving breeding efficiency, prolonging facility life and promoting ecological harmony.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provides an ecological protection system for engineering breeding equipment with reasonable structure, significant efficiency, ecological friendliness and economic benefit, characterized in that it comprises two flow reduction and wave resistance units arranged on both sides of the large offshore marine culture facility in the direction of strong flow;

[0007] Each of the flow reduction and wave resistance units comprises a flow reduction and wave resistance cage, a flow reduction and wave resistance net and a bottom counterweight cage connected in sequence from top to bottom; a buoyancy assembly is installed on the flow reduction and wave resistance cage; opposite sides of the flow reduction and wave resistance cage are connected to a horizontal tension anchor through a pull anchor chain; opposite sides of the bottom counterweight cage are connected to a foundation anchoring structure; opposite sides of the flow reduction and wave resistance cage are connected to opposite sides of the bottom counterweight cage through the flow reduction and wave resistance net; the flow reduction and wave resistance net is hinged to the top of the bottom counterweight cage, and the flow reduction and wave resistance net and the top of the bottom counterweight cage are detachably and quickly connected; fish are bred in the flow reduction and wave resistance cage and the bottom counterweight cage, and structures for breeding aquatic organisms are provided.

[0008] Further preferably, the structure for breeding aquatic organisms is a breeding raft for hanging shellfish or other high-value aquatic organism species.

[0009] Further preferably, the ecological protection system for large offshore mariculture facilities further comprises a V-shaped outer blocking unit located on the opposite sides of the two flow-reducing wave-resisting units; the V-shaped outer blocking unit comprises a V-shaped flow-reducing wave-resisting net formed by two nets connected together, the top of the V-shaped flow-reducing wave-resisting net is provided with floating bodies arranged along the length direction of the net, and the bottom of the V-shaped flow-reducing wave-resisting net is provided with weight chains arranged along the length direction of the net; the two ends of the V-shaped flow-reducing wave-resisting net are connected to the two sides of the flow-reducing wave-resisting box cage, the two sides of the flow-reducing wave-resisting net, and the two sides of the bottom weight box cage respectively; the top of the V-shaped flow-reducing wave-resisting net is connected to an inner pulling chain arranged along the length direction of the net and extending inward, and the inner pulling chain is connected to an internal weight anchor; the top of the V-shaped flow-reducing wave-resisting net is connected to an outer pulling chain arranged along the length direction of the net and extending outward, and the outer pulling chain is connected to an external weight anchor; the connection part of the two nets of the V-shaped flow-reducing wave-resisting net is connected to a longitudinally arranged outer pulling member; the length of the longitudinally arranged outer pulling member decreases from top to bottom; and the outer pulling member is connected to a weight block.

[0010] Further preferably, the included angle between the two nets of the V-shaped flow-reducing wave-resisting net ranges from 29.7° to 61.8°.

[0011] Further preferably, the included angle between the two nets of the V-shaped flow-reducing wave-resisting net is 45°. This angle range is preferred by the inventors through water tank model test and field verification, and can achieve the best balance among flow guiding, wave dissipation, and structural stability.

[0012] Further preferably, the net of the V-shaped outer blocking unit is processed and made from discarded fishing nets, realizing the recycling of discarded resources; the two nets of the V-shaped outer blocking unit are a first net and a second net respectively; the side of the first net away from the second net is connected to at least three first pulling members of the longitudinal net, all the first pulling members are connected to a first weight block, and the first weight block is connected to an auxiliary weight block through a pulling chain; and the side of the second net away from the first net is connected to at least three second pulling members of the longitudinal net, all the second pulling members are connected to a second weight block, and the second weight block is connected to an auxiliary weight block through a pulling chain.

[0013] Further preferably, the flow-reducing wave-resisting net is a geogrid net or is made of discarded mariculture nets, and the innovative application of discarded mariculture nets realizes the recycling of discarded resources; 3-8 net cables with a breaking strength of not less than 60 tons are assembled on the flow-reducing wave-resisting net, and the two ends of the net cable are detachably connected to the flow-reducing wave-resisting box cage and the bottom weight box cage respectively.

[0014] Further preferably, the horizontal tension anchor, the external counterweight anchor and the internal counterweight anchor are anti-sliding concrete anchors processed by basalt fiber composite bars and concrete, or are anti-sliding artificial fish reefs; the basalt fiber composite bars are corrosion-resistant, and can significantly improve the service life of the anchors.

[0015] Further preferably, the V-shaped slow-flow wave resistance net is connected with the internal counterweight anchor through an inner pull chain and connected with the external counterweight anchor through an outer pull chain, the breaking strength of the inner pull chain and the outer pull chain is greater than 50t, and the inner pull chain and the outer pull chain are carbon fiber cables, which have the advantages of high strength, light weight and corrosion resistance.

[0016] Further preferably, in the direction perpendicular to the direction of strong flow of the large offshore mariculture facility, the length of the slow-flow wave resistance box cage is not less than the length of the large offshore mariculture facility, the longitudinal height of the slow-flow wave resistance box cage is greater than the longitudinal height of the bottom counterweight box cage, and the longitudinal height of the slow-flow wave resistance box cage ranges from 2.8m to 36.7m.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The present application creates the multifunctional integration and synergistic effect of the ecological protection system: the structure / cultivation raft or closed cage facility for culturing aquatic organisms is innovatively arranged in the slow-flow wave resistance box cage and the bottom counterweight box cage, the multifunctional integration and synergistic effect of “protection-production-ecology” are innovatively realized, the protection main body (slow-flow wave resistance box cage and bottom counterweight box cage) is innovatively designed as a space for culturing seaweed, shellfish and other high-value aquatic organisms (sea cucumber, abalone, etc.), these aquatic organisms further enhance the flow resistance effect, at the same time, they themselves produce economic value, and help to collect natural bait and purify water, so that the protection system is changed from a pure consumptive input to a production unit with economic output, the marine carbon sink capacity is increased, the synergistic effect of “protection-production-ecology” is realized, a new mode of “protecting by protection, and exchanging space for benefits” is created, the technical scheme of the present application produces unexpected technical effects, greatly improves the economic feasibility, ecological value and policy fit of the project, and the economic, ecological and social benefits of the present application are very significant.

[0019] 2. The present application constructs a high-efficiency and synergistic multi-stage energy dissipation protection system: through the synergistic effect of “V-shaped outer blocking unit (first-stage energy dissipation guide) + slow-flow wave resistance unit (second-stage vertical energy dissipation)”, the wave and flow energy is attenuated layer by layer, the flow velocity and wave height acting on the main cultivation facility, i.e. the large offshore mariculture facility, are significantly reduced (the measured flow velocity is reduced by 40%-60%, and the wave height is attenuated by 30%-50%), the net drift and deformation of the large offshore mariculture facility are effectively inhibited, and the safe cultivation water area is expanded.

[0020] 3. The present application forms a benign ecological cycle and environmental gain: the algae and shellfish cultured in the ecological protection system (protective main body) can absorb the nutrients in the water, achieving in-situ purification of the water around the large offshore mariculture facility; at the same time, the ecological protection system provides a habitat for wild small fish, shrimp, crab, plankton and other natural bait, increasing the natural bait, thereby improving the growth rate of the farmed fish in the main mariculture facility, the large offshore mariculture facility, and the quality of the farmed fish;

[0021] 4. The present application practices the concept of green low carbon and resource recycling: the present application uses discarded fishing nets to make V-shaped slow-flow wave-resistant nets and other components, providing an efficient and practical resource solution to marine plastic pollution, effectively solving the problem of marine plastic pollution, and conforming to the concept of green manufacturing;

[0022] 5. The present application improves the durability and safety and reliability of the system as a whole through material innovation: the application of high-performance new materials such as carbon fiber cables and basalt fiber composite concrete anchors to key components of the present application fundamentally solves the bottleneck problems of corrosion of traditional anchor body steel materials and insufficient strength of traditional anchor polypropylene cables, significantly enhances the corrosion resistance and ultimate strength of the ecological protection system, ensures the long-term stability and safety of the ecological protection system in harsh deep sea environments, and effectively prolongs the service life and safety of the system;

[0023] 6. The present application realizes the adaptability of the system in offshore harsh sea conditions through structural innovation of the ecological protection system: the slow-flow wave-resistant units, V-shaped outer blocking units and the optimal included angle arranged on both sides of the large offshore mariculture facility in the direction of strong current enable the system to more effectively guide the flow and dissipate wave energy, thereby reducing the net drift of the large offshore mariculture facility and protecting the farmed fish in the large offshore mariculture facility, the overall structure of the system is stable and suitable for harsh open sea environments, and the slow-flow and wave-resistant purposes of the farmed area in the large offshore mariculture facility are achieved, improving the adaptability of the large offshore mariculture facility.

[0024] The ecological protection system of the present application has been tested in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and other sea areas, and the results show that the technical scheme of the present application produces unexpected technical effects, the large offshore mariculture facility using the ecological protection system of the present application has high net safety, fast growth of farmed fish and good quality of farmed fish, and the ecological protection system of the present application has very significant effects. The first net and the second net in the ecological protection system of the present application are both made of discarded fishing nets, the present application promotes resource recycling and comprehensive utilization, promotes green manufacturing and expands green consumption, and the ecological and economic benefits of the present application are very significant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1A facility structure schematic diagram for the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 A facility structure schematic diagram for the embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 A partial facility structure schematic diagram for the embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 A partial facility structure schematic diagram for the V-shaped slow-flow wave-resisting net of the embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0029] In the figure, 1 is a slow-flow wave-resisting cage, 2 is a slow-flow wave-resisting net, 3 is a bottom counterweight cage, 4 is a horizontal tension anchor, 5 is a foundation anchoring structure, 6 is a V-shaped slow-flow wave-resisting net, 7 is an external counterweight anchor, 8 is an internal counterweight anchor, 9 is a counterweight block, and 10 is a large-scale offshore marine culture facility. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Reference is made to Figure 1, embodiment 1: an ecological protection system for a large offshore mariculture facility, comprising two slow-flow wave-breaking units arranged on both sides of the large offshore mariculture facility 10 in the direction of strong flow; each slow-flow wave-breaking unit comprises, from top to bottom, a slow-flow wave-breaking cage 1, a slow-flow wave-breaking net 2, and a bottom counterweight cage 3; a buoyancy assembly is installed on the slow-flow wave-breaking cage 1. The buoyancy assembly is a floating rope type buoyancy system [first, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) float pipe is welded and sealed with an HDPE plug to form an HDPE buoy, and then the HDPE buoy and the floating rope are combined and installed to form a floating rope type buoyancy system with a net buoyancy of 15 kN], a polyolefin frame system (polyolefin main float pipe, fixed frame, column, handrail pipe, pin, etc. are welded, connected and installed to prepare a polyolefin frame system with a net buoyancy of 15 kN), or a metal frame system (first, a metal pipe and diagonal brace are welded into a metal frame, and then an HDPE buoy and a metal frame are combined, connected and installed into a metal frame system with a net buoyancy of 15 kN), and the floating rope type buoyancy system, polyolefin frame system or metal frame system is selected according to the convenience of material procurement at the location of the large offshore mariculture facility [for example, when the HDPE float pipe and HDPE plug materials are abundant at the location of the large offshore mariculture facility, the buoyancy assembly is preferably a floating rope type buoyancy system, for example, an HDPE float pipe with a diameter of 1.25 m, an HDPE plug with a diameter of 1.25 m, and an HDPE buoy with a length of 2.1 m are used; then two 12-strand polyamide ropes with a nominal diameter of 30 mm are used to tie the HDPE buoy; the distance between adjacent two HDPE buoys is not greater than 0.2 m; the total number of HDPE buoys for the floating rope type buoyancy system is determined according to the size of the slow-flow wave-breaking cage 1, the connection and fixation of the total number of HDPE buoys and polyamide ropes are completed, and then the waste fishing net and waste rope are used to wrap and tie the connected and fixed HDPE buoys, thus constructing a floating rope type buoyancy system (if the circumference of the slow-flow wave-breaking cage 1 is 322.8 m, the total number of HDPE buoys in the floating rope type buoyancy system is 140) that can prevent fish from escaping from the horizontal plane].

[0032] The opposite sides of the slow-flow wave resistance box cage 1 are connected with horizontal tension anchors 4 through pulling anchor chains, so as to improve the wind and wave resistance of the slow-flow wave resistance box cage 1. The opposite sides of the bottom counterweight box cage 3 are connected with foundation anchoring structures 5, so as to improve the wind and wave resistance of the bottom counterweight box cage 3. The horizontal tension anchors 4 and the foundation anchoring structures 5 are connected through waste anchor chains, which can not only integrate the slow-flow wave resistance box cage 1, the slow-flow wave resistance net 2 and the bottom counterweight box cage 3, but also improve the stability and wind and wave resistance effect of the ecological protection system. The horizontal tension anchors 4 can be new anti-sliding concrete anchors (such as assembled multi-stage anti-sliding concrete anchors and integrally formed anti-sliding concrete anchors) made of basalt fiber reinforced concrete, and can also be anti-sliding artificial reefs (such as multi-leg reefs, star-shaped reefs, cross-shaped reefs and multi-hole ball-shaped reefs), which greatly improve the service life and safety of the horizontal tension anchors 4. The basalt fiber reinforced concrete is a new material made of basalt fiber and resin, and there is no public report on its application in concrete anchors in this technical field. The application of the basalt fiber reinforced concrete in the horizontal tension anchors 4, the internal counterweight anchors 8 or the external counterweight anchors 7 is very significant in creativity. The opposite sides of the slow-flow wave resistance box cage 1 are connected with the opposite sides of the bottom counterweight box cage 3 through the slow-flow wave resistance net 2. The top of the bottom counterweight box cage 3 is hinged with a slow-flow wave resistance net 2, and the slow-flow wave resistance net 2 and the top of the bottom counterweight box cage 3 are detachably and quickly connected (such as using detachable zippers for quick connection). Fishes are bred in the slow-flow wave resistance box cage 1 and the bottom counterweight box cage 3, and structures for breeding aquatic organisms are arranged. The structures for breeding aquatic organisms are breeding racks (such as kelp, sea tangle, green shell, and sea louse) for hanging shellfish (such as kelp, sea tangle, green shell, and sea louse) or other high-value aquatic organisms (such as sea cucumber, abalone and bream) or closed cages (such as closed sea cucumber cages, closed abalone cages and closed bream breeding cages) for fixing on the frame of the slow-flow wave resistance box cage or the bottom counterweight box cage through tying.The present application improves the adaptability of the large offshore mariculture facility 10 by arranging the slow-flow resistance wave unit on both sides perpendicular to the strong flow direction of the large offshore mariculture facility 10 to slow down the flow and resist the waves. In addition, fish such as yellow stripe trevally, cobia, and red sea bream can be cultured in the slow-flow resistance wave cage 1 and the bottom counterweight cage 3, and algae and shellfish such as oysters, mussels, and long kelp can be hung for cultivation by raft, rope, bamboo pole, polyethylene pipe, crossbar, etc. to gather natural bait such as wild small fish, shrimp, crab, and plankton, which can be used as natural bait for the wind and wave resistant fish cultured in the slow-flow resistance wave cage 1 and the bottom counterweight cage 3. This can improve the speed of cultured fish, the quality of cultured fish, and the comprehensive benefits of large offshore mariculture facilities. The ecological protection system of the present application has very significant creative effects and very obvious comprehensive benefits.

[0033] Referring to Figures 2 to 4 , in specific embodiment 2, based on specific embodiment 1, it further includes a V-shaped outer blocking unit located on the opposite sides of the two slow-flow resistance wave units. The V-shaped outer blocking unit includes a V-shaped slow-flow resistance wave net 6 formed by two net clothes connected together. The top of the V-shaped slow-flow resistance wave net 6 is provided with a floating body (such as lift sail, sea anchor, floating ball, HDPE float, bamboo raft, or plastic fish, which is preferably the above-mentioned floating body according to the convenience of procurement or processing and manufacturing, such as the procurement of HDPE float at the location of the large offshore mariculture facility, and the V-shaped outer blocking unit preferably uses HDPE float) arranged along the length direction of the net clothes. The bottom of the V-shaped slow-flow resistance wave net 6 is provided with a counterweight ballast chain [such as high-strength high-modulus polyethylene (HMPE) canvas pipe with built-in concrete or waste cast iron anchor chain, with the specification controlled at 15kg / m-36kg / m; when the flow rate is greater than 1m / s, the specification is controlled at 26kg / m-36kg / m (wherein, when the flow rate is not greater than 1m / s, the specification is controlled at 15kg / m-25kg / m)] arranged along the length direction of the net clothes. Figures 2 to 4 The two ends of the V-shaped slow-flow resistance wave net 6 are respectively connected to the two sides of the slow-flow resistance wave cage 1, the two sides of the slow-flow resistance wave net 2, and the two sides of the bottom counterweight cage 3. The top of the V-shaped slow-flow resistance wave net 6 is connected to an inner pull chain arranged along the length direction of the net clothes and extending inward, and the inner pull chain is connected to an internal counterweight anchor 8. The top of the V-shaped slow-flow resistance wave net 6 is connected to an outer pull chain arranged along the length direction of the net clothes and extending outward, and the outer pull chain is connected to an external counterweight anchor 7. The connection between the two net clothes is connected to an outer pull member arranged longitudinally, and the outer pull member is connected to a counterweight block 9. Figures 2 to 4, the length of the longitudinally arranged outer pullers decreases from top to bottom. The ecological protection system facilitates the realization of one-stage slow-flow wave resistance by the V-shaped outer blocking unit and two-stage slow-flow wave resistance by the slow-flow wave resistance unit. Based on long-term hard work and experiments, the inventor, according to the slow-flow wave resistance effect of the V-shaped slow-flow wave resistance net under different included angles between the two net covers, has carried out long-term field tests and laboratory tests, and according to the test results, the range of the included angle between the two net covers of the V-shaped slow-flow wave resistance net is 29.7° to 61.8°; the above-mentioned included angle range can ensure that the V-shaped slow-flow wave resistance net produces better slow-flow wave resistance effect. Based on the range of the included angle (29.7°-61.8°) between the two net covers of the V-shaped slow-flow wave resistance net, the inventor has further optimized through water tank model tests and field verification, and a large number of hard work and optimization test results show that the optimal included angle between the two net covers is 45°, in addition, the V-shaped slow-flow wave resistance net produces the best slow-flow wave resistance effect, and can achieve the best balance among flow guiding, wave dissipation and structural stability.

[0034] Referring to Figures 2 to 4 The net cover of the V-shaped outer blocking unit is made of discarded fishing nets (such as discarded aquaculture net cages, fishing trawl net bodies, and fishing seine net gear); the two net covers of the V-shaped outer blocking unit are a first net cover and a second net cover; the side of the first net cover away from the second net cover is connected with at least three first pullers of longitudinal net covers, all the first pullers are connected with a first counterweight, and the first counterweight is connected with an auxiliary counterweight through a pull chain; the side of the second net cover away from the first net cover is connected with at least three second pullers of longitudinal net covers, all the second pullers are connected with a second counterweight, and the second counterweight is connected with an auxiliary counterweight through a pull chain; the first net cover and the second net cover are both made of discarded fishing nets, which promotes resource recycling and comprehensive utilization and promotes green manufacturing and green consumption.

[0035] Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the slow-flow wave resistance net can adopt a geogrid net or a waste breeding net [the geogrid net is processed by using a basalt fiber geogrid net, and a single hole size of the geogrid net is 8 cm (length) x 6 cm (width); the waste breeding net is a waste high molecular weight polyethylene (HMPE) twisted net replaced after years of use in breeding facilities, and a mesh size of the net is 6.5 cm, which is processed by using a medium-high strength HMPE split fiber with a diameter of 1600 D, and a number of strands of the twisted net is 30 strands], 3-8 net strands with a breaking strength of not less than 60 t (for example, a net strand is made of an eight-strand high molecular weight polyethylene cable with a nominal diameter of 28 mm) are arranged on the geogrid net or the waste breeding net, two ends of the net strand are connected with the slow-flow wave resistance cage 1 and the bottom counterweight cage 3 respectively, and the net strand and the two cages can be detachably and quickly connected. The V-shaped slow-flow wave resistance net is connected with the internal counterweight anchor through the inner pull chain and connected with the external counterweight anchor through the outer pull chain; the horizontal tension anchor 4, the external counterweight anchor 7 and the internal counterweight anchor 8 can adopt a new type of anti-sliding concrete anchor (for example, a prefabricated multi-stage anti-sliding concrete anchor and an integrally formed anti-sliding concrete anchor) processed by using a basalt fiber steel bar and concrete, or can adopt a low gravity center artificial fish reef (for example, a low gravity center flat cubic reef, a low gravity center flat hexagonal reef, a low gravity center flat reef, a multi-leg fish reef, a star-shaped fish reef, a cross-shaped fish reef and a multi-hole spherical fish reef), which greatly improves the service life and safety of the horizontal tension anchor 4, the external counterweight anchor 7 and the internal counterweight anchor 8. The creativity, novelty and practicality of the present application are very significant, and the technical effect is very obvious. The basalt fiber steel bar is a new material processed by mixing basalt fiber and resin, and there is no public report on the engineering application of the basalt fiber steel bar in the concrete anchor in the technical field. The corrosion resistance and ultimate strength of the system are significantly improved, the long-term stability and safety of the ecological protection system in the harsh deep sea environment are ensured, and the service life is effectively prolonged. The basalt fiber steel bar is applied to the horizontal tension anchor, the external counterweight anchor and the internal counterweight anchor, and the creativity is very significant. The breaking strength of the inner pull chain and the outer pull chain is greater than 50 t; the inner pull chain and the outer pull chain are new carbon fiber cable materials; the carbon fiber ring buckles at the ends of the carbon fiber cable material are connected with the top of the V-shaped slow-flow wave resistance net 6, the internal counterweight anchor 8 and the external counterweight anchor 7 through the low creep HMPE rope belt; it is true that the inner pull chain can also adopt new materials such as the low creep HMPE rope belt to further improve the wind and wave resistance effect of the inner pull chain.

[0036] See Figures 1 to 4In the direction perpendicular to the strong current direction of the large offshore mariculture facility (for example, the strong current direction of the large offshore mariculture facility is northwest, and the strong current direction of the large offshore mariculture facility is northwest), the length of the slow current wave resistance box cage 1 is not less than the length of the large offshore mariculture facility 10 (for example, the length of the slow current wave resistance box cage 1 is 1.5-9.7 times the length of the large offshore mariculture facility 10. When the length of the breeding equipment 10 is 50m, the length of the slow current wave resistance box cage 1 is 103.7m, and the test results show that the ecological protection system with the above length configuration has good effect, which fully proves the creativity, novelty and practicality of the technical solution). The longitudinal height of the slow current wave resistance box cage 1 is greater than the longitudinal height of the bottom weight box cage 3; the longitudinal height of the slow current wave resistance box cage 1 is 2.8m-36.7m (when the water depth of the large offshore mariculture facility is not greater than 30m, the longitudinal height of the slow current wave resistance box cage 1 is 2.8m-13m; when the water depth of the large offshore mariculture facility is greater than 30m, the longitudinal height of the slow current wave resistance box cage 1 is 14m-36.7m).

[0037] The ecological protection system is constructed around the large offshore mariculture facility, which not only effectively protects the safety of the main breeding equipment-the large offshore mariculture facility, but also produces algae and shellfish products, realizing the double improvement of ecology and economic benefits. The test in Jiangsu, Fujian and other sea areas shows that the system has remarkable effect and broad application prospect.

[0038] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled persons in the technical field, some improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities, characterized in that, It includes two slow-current wave-damping units arranged on both sides of the strong current direction of the large offshore aquaculture facility; Each of the aforementioned slow-flow and wave-damping units includes a slow-flow and wave-damping cage, a slow-flow and wave-damping net, and a bottom counterweight cage connected sequentially from top to bottom. The slow-flow and wave-damping cage is equipped with a buoyancy component; The opposite sides of the slow-flow and wave-damping cage are connected to a horizontal tension anchor via a traction anchor chain; the opposite sides of the bottom counterweight cage are connected to a foundation anchoring structure. The opposite sides of the slow-flow and wave-damping cage are connected to the opposite sides of the bottom counterweight cage through the slow-flow and wave-damping net. The top of the bottom counterweight cage is hinged to the flow-damping and wave-blocking net, and the flow-damping and wave-blocking net is detachably and quickly connected to the top of the bottom counterweight cage. The slow-flow and wave-damping cages and the bottom counterweight cages are used to raise fish, and are equipped with structures for raising aquatic organisms.

2. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structure used for aquatic organism cultivation is a closed cage for hanging shellfish and algae or other high-value-added aquatic organisms.

3. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It also includes a V-shaped outer baffle unit, which is located on opposite sides of the two slow-flow and wave-damping units; The V-shaped outer baffle unit includes a V-shaped slow-flow and wave-blocking net formed by two connected nets. A float is installed at the top of the V-shaped slow-flow and wave-blocking net along the length of the net, and a counterweight ballast chain is installed at the bottom of the V-shaped slow-flow and wave-blocking net along the length of the net. The two ends of the V-shaped slow-flow wave-blocking net are respectively connected to the two sides of the slow-flow wave-blocking cage, the two sides of the slow-flow wave-blocking net, and the two sides of the bottom counterweight cage. The top of the V-shaped slow-flow wave-damping net is connected to an inner pull chain that is arranged along the length of the net and extends inward, and the inner pull chain is connected to an internal counterweight anchor. The top of the V-shaped slow-flow wave-damping net is connected to an external pull chain that is arranged along the length of the net and extends outward, and the external pull chain is connected to an external counterweight anchor. The connection between the two mesh layers of the V-shaped slow-flow and wave-damping net is connected to longitudinally arranged external tension members; the length of the longitudinally arranged external tension members decreases from top to bottom; the external tension members are connected to counterweights.

4. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities according to claim 3, characterized in that, The included angle between the two meshes of the V-shaped slow-flow wave-damping net ranges from 29.7° to 61.8°.

5. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities according to claim 4, characterized in that, The included angle is 45°.

6. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities according to claim 3, characterized in that, The netting of the V-shaped outer baffle unit is made from recycled fishing nets; The two mesh panels of the V-shaped outer baffle unit are a first mesh panel and a second mesh panel, respectively. The first mesh is connected to at least three first tension members of the longitudinal mesh on the side away from the second mesh, and all the first tension members are connected to a first counterweight. The first counterweight is connected to an auxiliary counterweight via a tension chain. The second mesh is connected to at least three longitudinal mesh second tension members on the side away from the first mesh. All the second tension members are connected to a second counterweight, and the second counterweight is connected to an auxiliary counterweight via a tension chain.

7. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The slow-flow and wave-damping net is a geogrid or made from waste aquaculture nets; The wave-damping net is equipped with 3-8 net wires with a breaking strength of not less than 60 tons. The two ends of the net wires are detachably connected to the wave-damping cage and the bottom counterweight cage, respectively.

8. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The horizontal tensioning anchor, external counterweight anchor, and internal counterweight anchor are anti-slip concrete anchors made of basalt fiber composite reinforcement and concrete, or anti-slip artificial reefs.

9. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities according to claim 3, characterized in that, The V-shaped slow-flow wave-damping net is connected to the internal counterweight anchor by an inner pull chain and to the external counterweight anchor by an outer pull chain. The breaking strength of both the inner and outer pull chains is greater than 50t. Both the inner and outer zippers are made of carbon fiber cables.

10. An ecological protection system for large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the direction perpendicular to the strong current direction of the large offshore aquaculture facility, the length of the slow-current and wave-damping cage is not less than the length of the large offshore aquaculture facility. The longitudinal height of the slow-flow wave-damping cage is greater than the longitudinal height of the bottom counterweight cage; the longitudinal height of the slow-flow wave-damping cage ranges from 2.8m to 36.7m.

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