Anode furnace flue gas treatment method and treatment system thereof
By introducing the flue gas from the anode furnace into the salting air duct of the smelting boiler, the resource utilization of the flue gas from the anode furnace is realized, solving the problem of insufficient utilization of flue gas resources in the existing technology, and achieving the effects of energy saving and cost reduction.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511363889.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, flue gas treatment for anode furnaces mainly focuses on the removal of pollutants, while the utilization of thermal energy and other potential resources in the flue gas is insufficient, especially in terms of comprehensive energy utilization and cost control, where there is a lack of systematic and efficient utilization solutions.
The flue gas generated by the anode furnace is introduced into the salting air duct of the smelting boiler and used as salting air. Through process optimization, low-sulfur and high-sulfur flue gas are treated in a coordinated manner, realizing the resource utilization of flue gas and reducing the treatment cost of the desulfurization system and the amount of flue gas discharged.
It has achieved efficient recovery and utilization of flue gas resources, reduced energy consumption and desulfurization system costs, improved sulfur resource recovery efficiency and chemical sulfuric acid production, stabilized furnace conditions, and reduced the concentration of chemical purification waste acid.
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Figure CN121243967A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of anode furnace flue gas treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment method and system for anode furnace flue gas. BACKGROUND
[0002] An anode furnace produces a large amount of flue gas in the process of copper smelting, which is complex in composition and contains pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. For the treatment of anode furnace flue gas, there are currently various methods, such as using desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal equipment to purify the flue gas. However, these methods mainly focus on the removal of pollutants, and the utilization of heat energy and other potential resources in the flue gas is not sufficient.
[0003] A smelting boiler needs saltification air to promote the saltification of flue gas soot during operation. The traditional source of saltification air is usually fresh air, and direct use of fresh air as saltification air does not take into account the comprehensive utilization of energy and cost control. In the field of energy comprehensive utilization, although there are some technologies for flue gas waste heat recovery, the technology research and application of anode furnace flue gas for smelting boiler saltification air are relatively few, and there is a lack of systematic and efficient utilization scheme to realize the resource utilization of flue gas. SUMMARY
[0004] In view of the above problems, the application discloses a treatment method and system for anode furnace flue gas, which introduces the flue gas generated by the anode furnace into the smelting boiler saltification air pipeline as saltification air, realizes the recycling of sulfur-containing flue gas, and reduces the cost of the desulfurization system for treating anode furnace flue gas and the flue gas discharge amount.
[0005] The application is implemented by using the following technical scheme: A treatment method for anode furnace flue gas, comprising the following steps: S1, adding copper concentrate to a flash smelting furnace for smelting, and sending the smelting furnace flue gas generated in the flash smelting furnace to a waste heat boiler for treatment; the temperature of the smelting furnace flue gas is 330-410 DEG C; the flue gas amount of the smelting furnace flue gas is 80000-85000 Nm 3 / h; S2, adding blister copper to an anode furnace for blister copper refining, which includes four stages of feeding, oxidation, reduction and tapping, wherein the feeding process flue gas generated in the feeding process is sent to a flue gas desulfurization system for treatment; S3. Part or all of the oxidation process flue gas generated during the anode furnace oxidation process at a temperature of 160–250°C is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler, and the remaining part is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. The oxidation process flue gas is sent to the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct and is uniformly mixed with the smelting furnace flue gas to obtain mixed flue gas, which then enters the waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the oxidation process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.50–0.75%, carbon dioxide 2.20–3.00%, oxygen 17.0–18.0%, and nitrogen 79.0–79.5%. The flue gas volume of the oxidation process is 19000–21000 Nm³. 3 / h; S4. The reduction process flue gas generated during the anode furnace reduction process is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the reduction process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.6-0.65%, carbon dioxide 24.55-24.8%, oxygen 11.5-11.6%, and nitrogen 63.0-63.2%.
[0006] Furthermore, in step S3, two anode furnaces are configured to refine crude copper, and the two anode furnaces operate at different times. When one anode furnace is performing oxidation, the other anode furnace is performing feeding, reduction, and unloading operations.
[0007] Furthermore, in step S3, the flue gas from the oxidation process is sent to the salinization air duct of the waste heat boiler after passing through a water-cooled fume hood.
[0008] Furthermore, in step S3, the flue gas from the oxidation process is sent through the salting air duct to the salting air nozzle at the inlet of the waste heat boiler, and then injected through the nozzle to mix with the flue gas from the smelting furnace.
[0009] Furthermore, the flue gas from the feeding process in step S2 and the flue gas from the reduction process in step S4, after passing through a water-cooled fume hood and metal bag filter, are then sent by a fan to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system for further treatment. Similarly, the flue gas from the furnace exiting the furnace, after passing through a water-cooled fume hood and metal bag filter, is also sent by a fan to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system for further treatment.
[0010] A flue gas treatment system for an anode furnace includes an anode furnace I, an anode furnace II, a waste heat boiler for recovering flue gas from a flash smelting furnace, and a mixing chamber. The flue gas generated by the anode furnace I sequentially passes through a water-cooled fume hood I, a flue gas duct I, and a valve I before entering the mixing chamber. The flue gas generated by the anode furnace II sequentially passes through a water-cooled fume hood II, a flue gas duct II, and a valve II before entering the mixing chamber. A blower I is connected to the inlet of the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler. Valves III and IV are connected to the inlet of blower I via pipes. The inlet of valve III is connected to flue gas duct I via a pipe, and the inlet of valve IV is connected to flue gas duct II via a pipe. The flue gas from the mixing chamber is sent to a flue gas desulfurization system via blower II.
[0011] Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution has the following advantages: 1. This invention introduces the flue gas generated in the anode furnace into the salting air duct of the smelting boiler for use as salting air in the smelting process, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of sulfur-containing flue gas. In this invention, the sulfur-containing flue gas from the anode furnace is used as salting air. On the one hand, the sulfur-containing flue gas itself has a certain temperature, so there is no need to use a salting air heater, thus reducing energy consumption. On the other hand, it reduces the cost of the flue gas desulfurization system for treating the flue gas from the anode furnace and the amount of flue gas discharged, thus achieving the dual goals of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
[0012] 2. This invention analyzes the flue gas from each process of crude copper refining in the anode furnace and determines that introducing the oxidation process flue gas from the anode furnace oxidation process into the salting air duct of the smelting boiler has a better effect, because the oxygen concentration in the oxidation process flue gas is higher than that in the reduction process flue gas, making it more suitable for use as salting air.
[0013] 3. This invention integrates low-sulfur flue gas from the anode furnace into a high-sulfur system, breaking through the limitations of traditional separate treatment. Through process optimization, it coordinates the treatment of low-sulfur anode furnace flue gas and high-sulfur flue gas systems, achieving mixed desulfurization and waste heat utilization of flue gas with different sulfur concentrations, improving sulfur resource recovery efficiency, and increasing the production of chemical sulfuric acid. Moreover, after the sulfur dioxide flue gas from the anode furnace enters the boiler system, the consumption of liquid alkali in the desulfurization system is reduced, the sodium salt concentration in the water quenching system is reduced, and the furnace conditions of the flash blowing smelting furnace are stabilized, improving the oxygen utilization rate of a single nozzle and reducing the concentration of chemical purification waste acid. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anode furnace flue gas treatment system described in Example 4.
[0015] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Anode furnace I, 2-Anode furnace II, 3-Waste heat boiler, 4-Mixing chamber, 5-Water-cooled fume hood I, 6-Flue gas desulfurization system, 7-Flue gas duct I, 8-Valve I, 9-Water-cooled fume hood II, 10-Fan II, 11-Flue gas duct II, 12-Valve II, 13-Valve III, 14-Valve IV, 15-Fan I. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but these are not intended to limit the invention. Specific experimental conditions and methods not specified in the following examples are generally conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
[0017] Example 1: A method for treating flue gas from an anode furnace, comprising the following steps: S1. Copper concentrate is added to a flash smelting furnace for smelting. The smelting furnace flue gas generated in the flash smelting furnace is sent to a waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the smelting furnace flue gas contains the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 57.3%, carbon dioxide 1.1%, oxygen 1.9%, and nitrogen 39.7%. The temperature of the smelting furnace flue gas is 336°C. The flue gas volume is 82403 Nm³. 3 / h; S2. Crude copper is added to the anode furnace for crude copper refining, which includes four stages: feeding, oxidation, reduction and tapping. The flue gas generated during the feeding process is sent to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system by a fan after passing through a water-cooled fume hood and metal bag dust collector. S3. Part or all of the oxidation process flue gas generated at 200℃ during the anode furnace oxidation process is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler, and the remaining part is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. The oxidation process flue gas is sent to the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct and is uniformly mixed with the smelting furnace flue gas to obtain mixed flue gas, which then enters the waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the oxidation process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.53%, carbon dioxide 2.47%, oxygen 18.0%, and nitrogen 79.0%. The flue gas volume of the oxidation process flue gas is 19298 Nm³. 3 / h; Two anode furnaces are configured for crude copper refining and operate in staggered shifts. When one anode furnace is performing oxidation, the other anode furnace is performing reduction. The flue gas from the oxidation process is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler after passing through a water-cooled fume hood. The flue gas from the oxidation process is then sent to the salting air nozzle at the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct, and then injected into the boiler and mixed with the flue gas from the smelting furnace. S4. The reduction process flue gas generated during the anode furnace reduction process and the exit flue gas generated during the furnace exit process are filtered by water-cooled fume hoods and metal bag filters, and then sent by a fan to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the reduction process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.65%, carbon dioxide 24.65%, oxygen 11.6%, and nitrogen 63.1%.
[0018] Example 2: A method for treating flue gas from an anode furnace, comprising the following steps: S1. Copper concentrate is added to a flash smelting furnace for smelting. The smelting furnace flue gas generated in the flash smelting furnace is sent to a waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the smelting furnace flue gas contains the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 57.3%, carbon dioxide 1.1%, oxygen 1.9%, and nitrogen 39.7%. The temperature of the smelting furnace flue gas is 330°C. The flue gas volume is 80368 Nm³. 3 / h; S2. Crude copper is added to the anode furnace for crude copper refining, which includes four stages: feeding, oxidation, reduction and tapping. The flue gas generated during the feeding process is sent to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system by a fan after passing through a water-cooled fume hood and metal bag dust collector. S3. Part or all of the 220°C oxidation process flue gas generated during the anode furnace oxidation process is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler, and the remaining part is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. The oxidation process flue gas is sent to the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct and is uniformly mixed with the smelting furnace flue gas to obtain mixed flue gas, which then enters the waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the oxidation process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.73%, carbon dioxide 2.27%, oxygen 17.6%, and nitrogen 79.4%. The flue gas volume of the oxidation process flue gas is 19928 Nm³. 3 / h; Two anode furnaces are configured for crude copper refining, and the two anode furnaces operate in staggered shifts. When one anode furnace is performing oxidation, the other anode furnace is performing feeding. The flue gas from the oxidation process is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler after passing through a water-cooled fume hood. The flue gas from the oxidation process is then sent to the salting air nozzle at the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct, and then injected through the nozzle and mixed with the flue gas from the smelting furnace. S4. The reduction process flue gas generated during the anode furnace reduction process and the exit flue gas generated during the furnace exit process are filtered by water-cooled fume hood and metal bag dust collector, and then sent by a fan to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the reduction process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.61%, carbon dioxide 24.59%, oxygen 11.6%, and nitrogen 63.2%.
[0019] Example 3: A method for treating flue gas from an anode furnace, comprising the following steps: S1. Copper concentrate is added to a flash smelting furnace for smelting. The smelting furnace flue gas generated in the flash smelting furnace is sent to a waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the smelting furnace flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 57.3%, carbon dioxide 1.1%, oxygen 1.9%, and nitrogen 39.7%. The temperature of the smelting furnace flue gas is 340°C. The flue gas volume is 84861 Nm³. 3 / h; S2. Crude copper is added to the anode furnace for crude copper refining, which includes four stages: feeding, oxidation, reduction and tapping. The flue gas generated during the feeding process is sent to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system by a fan after passing through a water-cooled fume hood and metal bag dust collector. S3. Part or all of the oxidation process flue gas generated at 160℃ during the anode furnace oxidation process is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler, and the remaining part is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. The oxidation process flue gas is sent to the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct and is uniformly mixed with the smelting furnace flue gas to obtain mixed flue gas, which then enters the waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the oxidation process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.64%, carbon dioxide 2.96%, oxygen 17.4%, and nitrogen 79.0%. The flue gas volume of the oxidation process flue gas is 20538 Nm³. 3 / h; Two anode furnaces are configured for crude copper refining and operate in staggered shifts. When one anode furnace is performing oxidation, the other anode furnace is performing reduction. The flue gas from the oxidation process is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler after passing through a water-cooled fume hood. The flue gas from the oxidation process is then sent to the salting air nozzle at the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct, and then injected into the boiler and mixed with the flue gas from the smelting furnace. S3. The reduction process flue gas generated during the anode furnace reduction process and the exit flue gas generated during the furnace exit process are filtered by water-cooled fume hoods and metal bag filters, and then sent by a fan to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the reduction process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.60%, carbon dioxide 24.80%, oxygen 11.5%, and nitrogen 63.1%.
[0020] Example 4: A method for treating flue gas from an anode furnace, comprising the following steps: S1. Copper concentrate is added to a flash smelting furnace for smelting. The smelting furnace flue gas generated in the flash smelting furnace is sent to a waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the smelting furnace flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 57.3%, carbon dioxide 1.1%, oxygen 1.9%, and nitrogen 39.7%. The temperature of the smelting furnace flue gas is 340°C. The flue gas volume is 84861 Nm³. 3 / h; S2. Crude copper is added to the anode furnace for crude copper refining, which includes four stages: feeding, oxidation, reduction and tapping. The flue gas generated during the feeding process is sent to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system by a fan after passing through a water-cooled fume hood and metal bag dust collector. S3. Part or all of the oxidation process flue gas generated at 250℃ during the anode furnace oxidation process is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler, and the remaining part is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. The oxidation process flue gas is sent to the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct and is uniformly mixed with the smelting furnace flue gas to obtain mixed flue gas, which then enters the waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the oxidation process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.63%, carbon dioxide 2.57%, oxygen 17.7%, and nitrogen 79.1%. The flue gas volume of the oxidation process flue gas is 19921 Nm³. 3 / h; Two anode furnaces are configured for crude copper refining and operate in staggered shifts. When one anode furnace is performing oxidation, the other anode furnace is performing reduction. The flue gas from the oxidation process is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler after passing through a water-cooled fume hood. The flue gas from the oxidation process is then sent to the salting air nozzle at the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct, and then injected into the boiler and mixed with the flue gas from the smelting furnace. S4. The reduction process flue gas generated during the anode furnace reduction process and the exit flue gas generated during the furnace exit process are filtered by water-cooled fume hoods and metal bag filters, and then sent by a fan to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the reduction process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.62%, carbon dioxide 24.68%, oxygen 11.5%, and nitrogen 63.2%.
[0021] Example 5: A flue gas treatment system for an anode furnace, which can apply the flue gas treatment method for an anode furnace described in Example 1, specifically including an anode furnace I1, an anode furnace II2, a waste heat boiler 3 for recovering flue gas from a flash smelting furnace, and a mixing chamber 4; the flue gas generated by the anode furnace I1 enters the mixing chamber 4 after passing through a water-cooled fume hood I5, a flue gas pipe I7, and a valve I8 in sequence; the flue gas generated by the anode furnace II2 enters the mixing chamber 4 after passing through a water-cooled fume hood II9, a flue gas pipe II11, and a valve II12 in sequence; the inlet of the salting air pipe of the waste heat boiler 3 is connected to a blower I15; the inlet of the blower I15 is connected to valves III13 and IV14 through pipes; the inlet of valve III13 is connected to flue gas pipe I7 through a pipe; the inlet of valve IV14 is connected to flue gas pipe II11 through a pipe; the flue gas in the mixing chamber 4 is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system 6 by blower II10.
[0022] By closing valve I8 and opening valve III13, the flue gas generated in anode furnace I1 can be sent to waste heat boiler 3. By closing valve Ⅲ13 and opening valve Ⅰ8, the flue gas generated in anode furnace Ⅰ1 can be sent to flue gas desulfurization system 6. By closing valve II12 and opening valve IV14, the flue gas generated in anode furnace II2 can be sent to waste heat boiler 3. By closing valve IV14 and opening valve I8, the flue gas generated in anode furnace II2 can be sent to flue gas desulfurization system 6.
[0023] The maximum flue gas volume and oxygen content of the anode furnace are lower than those of the smelting boiler's salting air volume and oxygen content, and it is capable of fully receiving the flue gas from the anode furnace. If the smelting furnace ash is over-salted and the anode furnace flue gas is excessive, the smelting furnace's salting oxygen content should be reduced first, and the fan frequency should be reduced simultaneously. If there is insufficient flue gas supply and under-salting of ash, the smelting furnace's salting oxygen content and fan frequency should be increased according to the ash salting situation.
[0024] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A method for treating flue gas from an anode furnace, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Copper concentrate is added to a flash smelting furnace for smelting. The smelting furnace flue gas generated in the flash smelting furnace is sent to a waste heat boiler for treatment. The temperature of the smelting furnace flue gas is 330–410°C. The flue gas flow rate is 80,000–85,000 Nm³. 3 / h; S2. Crude copper is added to the anode furnace for crude copper refining, which includes four stages: feeding, oxidation, reduction and tapping. The flue gas generated during the feeding process is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. S3. Part or all of the oxidation process flue gas generated during the anode furnace oxidation process at a temperature of 160-250℃ is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler, and the remaining part is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment; the oxidation process flue gas is sent to the inlet of the waste heat boiler through the salting air duct and is uniformly mixed with the smelting furnace flue gas to obtain mixed flue gas, and then the mixed flue gas enters the waste heat boiler for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the flue gas from the oxidation process comprises the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.50–0.75%, carbon dioxide 2.20–3.00%, oxygen 17.0–18.0%, and nitrogen 79.0–79.5%; the flue gas volume from the oxidation process is 19000–21000 Nm³. 3 / h; S4. The reduction process flue gas generated during the anode furnace reduction process is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment. Based on the dry flue gas composition, the reduction process flue gas includes the following components by mass percentage: sulfur dioxide 0.6-0.65%, carbon dioxide 24.55-24.8%, oxygen 11.5-11.6%, and nitrogen 63.0-63.2%.
2. The method for treating anode furnace flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, two anode furnaces are configured to refine crude copper and operate in staggered shifts. While one anode furnace is performing oxidation, the other anode furnace is performing feeding, reduction, or unloading operations.
3. The method for treating anode furnace flue gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the flue gas from the oxidation process is sent to the salting air duct of the waste heat boiler after passing through a water-cooled fume hood.
4. The method for treating anode furnace flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the flue gas from the oxidation process is sent through the salting air duct to the salting air nozzle at the inlet of the waste heat boiler, and then injected through the nozzle to mix with the flue gas from the smelting furnace.
5. The method for treating anode furnace flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas from the feeding process in step S2 and the flue gas from the reduction process in step S4 are sent by a fan to the desulfurization scrubbing tower in the flue gas desulfurization system for treatment after passing through a water-cooled fume hood and a metal bag filter.
6. A system for treating flue gas from an anode furnace, characterized in that: The system includes an anode furnace I (1), an anode furnace II (2), a waste heat boiler (3) for recovering flue gas from a flash smelting furnace, and a mixing chamber (4). The flue gas generated by the anode furnace I (1) passes through a water-cooled fume hood I (5), a flue gas pipe I (7), and a valve I (8) in sequence before entering the mixing chamber (4). The flue gas generated by the anode furnace II (2) passes through a water-cooled fume hood II (9), a flue gas pipe II (11), and a valve II (12) in sequence before entering the mixing chamber (4). The inlet of the salting air pipe of the waste heat boiler (3) is connected to a blower I (15). The inlet of the blower I (15) is connected to a valve III (13) and a valve IV (14) through pipes. The inlet of the valve III (13) is connected to the flue gas pipe I (7) through a pipe. The inlet of the valve IV (14) is connected to the flue gas pipe II (11) through a pipe. The flue gas from the mixing chamber (4) is sent to the flue gas desulfurization system (6) through the blower II (10).