Active protection cutter for extreme working conditions and tool with same

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal cutting, and provides an active protection cutter used for extreme working conditions and a tool with the cutter, the cutter comprises an active protection cutter body, the active protection cutter body comprises a cutter base body and a PCD blade installed on the cutter base body, the front cutter face and the rear cutter face of the PCD blade are each provided with a micro-texture, and the micro-textures are matched with the PCD blade. Micro air film holes communicating with an internal air path are formed in the microtextures, the microtextures of the front tool face are distributed in a chip-tool contact area, and the microtextures of the rear tool face are distributed in a rear tool face abrasion zone area. The active protection cutter is suitable for extreme high-temperature work such as laser-assisted machining, a cutter active gas film protection system is formed based on an internal gas path and a micro-texture, high-temperature workpieces and cuttings are actively isolated by forming stable gas films on the front cutter face and the rear cutter face, chemical adhesion and diffusion are effectively blocked, a cutter base body is continuously cooled, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged. Therefore, the laser-assisted machining advantage is exerted, and meanwhile the tool abrasion problem caused by the laser-assisted machining advantage is fundamentally solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of metal cutting in mechanical manufacturing, and particularly relates to an active protection tool suitable for extreme working conditions such as laser-assisted machining and dry cutting and having an active air film protection function and a tool set having the tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of the fields of aerospace and high-end equipment manufacturing, difficult-to-machine materials (such as titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys, ceramic matrix composites, etc.) are increasingly widely used. These materials usually have the characteristics of high hardness, high strength and low thermal conductivity, resulting in extremely low traditional cutting machining efficiency and serious tool wear. In order to overcome this problem, laser-assisted machining technology has emerged, such as a laser heating assisted milling machining method and device (patent number CN102430904A) and a method for laser-assisted ultra-precision fly-cutting of a two-dimensional optical drum of single-crystal germanium (patent number CN107042364B). The basic principle of this technology is that a high-energy laser beam is used to locally and instantaneously heat the workpiece area to be machined in front of the cutting tool, so that the workpiece material is softened, thereby significantly reducing the cutting force of the material, making "hard machining" become "soft machining", and realizing high-efficiency cutting. However, laser-assisted machining, while solving the original problem, has introduced a series of new and more severe challenges, especially the combined and synergistic damage to tool life, which is specifically manifested in: 1) Performance degradation of tool material caused by extremely high temperature environment: The laser heating makes the workpiece material reach a thermal modification or even a molten state (usually more than 600℃ or even 1000℃), and a huge "heat reservoir" is formed in the cutting zone. Although the goal is to soften the workpiece, the tool (especially the rake face and the flank face) is inevitably exposed to this extremely high temperature. For the widely used hard alloy tool, the binder phase cobalt will seriously soften and grain coarsen at high temperature, resulting in a sharp decrease in the overall hardness and strength of the tool, and aggravating plastic deformation and wear. For ceramic and CBN (cubic boron nitride) tools, although they have high thermal hardness, they will face the risk of thermal shock cracking and aggravated chemical diffusion wear.

[0003] 2) Aggravated chemical adhesion and diffusion wear: At the high temperature generated by the laser, the chemical activity of the workpiece material (such as titanium alloy) becomes extremely high, and it is extremely easy to diffuse and react with the tool material (WC, Co, TiC, etc.), forming a brittle reaction layer. At the same time, the workpiece material melted by the laser is more likely to adhere to the tool surface. When these adhesives are taken away by the chips, adhesive tearing will occur, causing the particles of the tool material to be directly pulled out, resulting in severe adhesive wear.

[0004] 3) Oxidation wear: High temperature environment promotes the oxidation of the tool surface. For example, the WC particles in the hard alloy will be oxidized into loose structure, lower hardness WO3 and CoO, and the oxidation layer is extremely easy to fall off under mechanical friction, accelerating the failure process of the tool.

[0005] In summary, although the laser-assisted machining technology reduces the cutting force, the extremely high temperature and high chemical activity environment created by it, through the synergistic effect of thermal-chemical-mechanical coupling, leads to the accelerated failure of the traditional tool. At present, there is a lack of active protection means in the industry that can simultaneously provide efficient heat insulation, oxidation resistance and friction reduction for the tool under such harsh working conditions. In addition, conventional tool coatings (such as TiN, Al2O3) have limited protective effect under such high temperature for a long time; and external pouring cutting fluid is limited by problems such as laser window, quenching effect, and may even cause thermal shock damage to the high temperature tool due to sudden cooling. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide an active protection tool for extreme working conditions and a tooling with the tool, and the technical scheme is as follows: On the one hand, an active protection tool for extreme working conditions is provided, which comprises an active protection tool body, the active protection tool body is fixedly installed on the tool holder of the lathe body through an active protection tool rod, the active protection tool body comprises a tool base body and a PCD blade installed on the tool base body, the rake face and the flank face of the PCD blade are respectively provided with micro-textures, the micro-textures are provided with micro-air film holes in communication with an internal gas circuit, the internal gas circuit delivers high-pressure gas in a high-pressure gas output device to the micro-textures to overflow from the micro-air film holes to form an air film, the micro-textures of the rake face are distributed in a chip-tool contact area, and the micro-textures of the flank face are distributed in a flank wear zone.

[0007] Preferably, simulation software is used for simulation analysis to predict the outer contour of the chip-tool contact area of the rake face and the flank wear zone as the boundary of the micro-texture distribution.

[0008] Preferably, the active protection tool model with the predicted micro-texture distribution boundary is imported into the simulation software, key design variables, i.e. micro-texture depth, micro-texture spacing, micro-air film hole diameter and gas pressure, are selected, cutting simulation of the active protection tool is carried out, an evaluation index system is established with the air film efficiency index, the heat insulation efficiency, the wear reduction efficiency and the gas flow efficiency as performance indicators, and the optimal process size and gas pressure parameters of the active protection tool are determined.

[0009] Preferably, the internal gas path comprises a first gas film hole, a second gas film hole and a third gas film hole connected in sequence, the first gas film hole and the second gas film hole are arranged in the active protection tool bar, the quick connector installed at the tail end of the active protection tool bar is connected with the gas path controller through the gas pipe, the second gas film hole in the active protection tool bar and the third gas film hole in the active protection tool are communicated through the sealing washer, and the micro gas film hole is communicated with the third gas film hole.

[0010] Preferably, the high-pressure gas output device is connected with the gas path controller through the gas pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the PCD blade and the tool base are connected together by welding, and the tool base is fixedly installed at the tool groove at the front end of the active protection tool bar through bolts.

[0012] Preferably, the micro-texture form of the rake face can be parallel, grid or bionic plexus.

[0013] On the other hand, a tool with an active protection tool is provided, which has the above-mentioned active protection tool for extreme working conditions, and the tool comprises: a lathe body and a tool disc installed on the lathe body, the active protection tool bar is fixed on the tool disc through a tool bar clamp, the micro-texture of the rake face of the active protection tool overflows to form a support gas film at the tool-chip interface, and the micro-texture of the relief face of the active protection tool overflows to form a support gas film at the tool-processed surface interface.

[0014] The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application has at least the following beneficial effects: The embodiment of the present application provides a tool suitable for laser-assisted machining and other extreme high-temperature working conditions and based on internal gas path and micro-texture, which can provide an active gas film protection system, form a stable gas film on the rake face and the relief face, actively isolate the high-temperature workpiece and the chip, effectively block chemical adhesion and diffusion, and continuously cool the active protection tool body, so as to solve the tool wear problem caused by laser-assisted machining while taking the advantages of laser-assisted machining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of an active protection tool for extreme working conditions provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2is a front view of the active protection cutting tool for extreme working conditions provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is Figure 2 is a sectional view along the direction of D-D; Figure 4 is Figure 3 is a local enlarged view at A in the middle; Figure 5 is a schematic view of the body structure of the active protection cutting tool in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a schematic view of the micro-texture structure in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is a schematic view of the micro-texture cross-section structure in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the sealing washer in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the high-pressure gas output device in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 is a schematic view of the tool structure with the active protection cutting tool provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the lathe body in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the motion cutting module in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the heat-assisted module and the main shaft in the embodiment of the present application.

[0017] In the drawings, 1 is a cabinet, 2 is a laser controller, 3 is an industrial computer, 4 is a gas path controller, 5 is an ultrasonic generator, 6 is an electromagnetic induction controller, 7 is a display, 8 is an electric cylinder, 9 is a laser collimator, 10 is a laser support, 11 is a main shaft clamp, 12 is a turning main shaft, 13 is a light beam adjuster, 14 is a lathe body, 15 is a cutter head, 16 is a Z-axis sliding table, 17 is a tool holder, 18 is an X-axis sliding table, 19 is a gas cylinder cabinet, 20 is a high-pressure gas cylinder, 21 is a high-pressure pressure-reducing valve, 22 is a filter, 23 is a workpiece clamp, 24 is a folding rod, 25 is a coil, 26 is a workpiece, 27 is a protective mirror one, 28 is a reflecting mirror, 29 is a focusing mirror, 30 is a protective mirror two, 31 is a transducer clamp, 32 is a thread turning tool, 33 is a thread turning tool shank, 34 is a transducer, 35 is an auxiliary heating rod, 36 is a tool shank clamp, 37 is an active protection tool shank, 38 is an active protection tool body, 39 is a conventional turning tool, 40 is a quick connector, 41 is a first gas film hole, 42 is a second gas film hole, 43 is a sealing washer, 44 is a third gas film hole, 45 is a PCD blade, 46 is a tool base body, 47 is micro-texture of a rake face, 48 is a micro gas film hole, and 49 is micro-texture of a relief face. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0019] In the embodiments of the present application, the words such as "example", "for example" are used to represent an example, illustration or description. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "example" in the present application should not be interpreted as more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Rather, the word "example" is intended to present the concept in a specific manner. In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or can be one of the two optionally.

[0020] In the embodiments of the present application, "image" and "picture" can be used interchangeably at times. It should be pointed out that the meanings expressed are consistent when the distinction is not emphasized. "Of", "corresponding" and "corresponding" can be used interchangeably at times. It should be pointed out that the meanings expressed are consistent when the distinction is not emphasized.

[0021] In the embodiments of the present application, subscripts such as W1 may be written in non-subscript form such as W1 at times. The meanings expressed are consistent when the distinction is not emphasized.

[0022] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, specific embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0023] As Figures 1-9As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides an active protection cutter for extreme working conditions, which includes an active protection cutter bar 37, an active protection cutter body 38, a quick connector 40, a first gas film hole 41, a second gas film hole 42 and a sealing gasket 43, the active protection cutter bar 37 is fixedly installed on the cutter head 15 through the cutter bar clamp 36, the first gas film hole 41 and the second gas film hole 42 are arranged inside the active protection cutter bar 37, the quick connector 40 installed at the tail end of the active protection cutter bar 37 is connected with the gas path controller 4 through a gas pipe, the active protection cutter body 38 can be fixedly installed at the cutter groove at the front end of the active protection cutter bar 37 through bolts, and the second gas film hole 42 inside the active protection cutter bar 37 and the third gas film hole 44 inside the active protection cutter body 38 can be communicated together through the sealing gasket 43. The active protection cutter body 38 is formed by welding the PCD blade 45 and the cutter base body 46 together. The PCD blade 45 is provided with a micro-texture network formed by micro-texture and micro-gas film holes 48 on the rake face and the relief face respectively, a plurality of micro-gas film holes 48 and the third gas film hole 44 are arranged respectively, and the micro-gas film holes 48 and the third gas film hole 44 are communicated. The micro-texture 47 of the rake face is distributed in the chip-cutter contact area (crescent depression area), and the form can be parallel, grid or bionic plexus, etc., the micro-texture 49 of the relief face is distributed in the relief face wear area, and the form and layout need to consider the relief angle and the influence on the machined surface. The high-pressure gas (such as compressed air, nitrogen, cold wind or trace lubrication gas mist) in the high-pressure gas output device is delivered to the micro-texture network through the internal gas path. The gas escapes from the micro-texture groove, and a dynamic gas film is formed at the following two key interfaces: Rake face gas film: form a lubricating gas film at the cutter-chip interface.

[0024] Rake face gas film function: isolate hot chips, greatly reduce friction coefficient and cutting force.

[0025] Rake face gas film effect: reduce friction heat from the source, and prevent chip material from adhering and spreading to the cutter.

[0026] Relief face gas film: form a support gas film at the cutter-machined surface interface.

[0027] Relief face gas film function: isolate high-temperature machined surface, reduce friction and plowing effect.

[0028] Relief face gas film effect: inhibit relief face wear, improve machined surface quality, and effectively cool the cutter edge area.

[0029] In a feasible implementation, simulation software is used for simulation analysis to predict the outer contour of the chip-cutter contact area and the relief face wear area as the boundary of the micro-texture distribution.

[0030] The predicted micro-texture distribution boundary active protection tool model is introduced into the simulation software, the key design variables: micro-texture depth, micro-texture pitch, micro gas film hole 48 diameter, gas pressure are selected, the cutting simulation of the active protection tool is carried out, the evaluation index system is established with the gas film efficiency index, the heat insulation efficiency, the wear reduction efficiency and the airflow efficiency as the performance indexes, and the optimal process size and gas pressure parameters of the active protection tool are determined.

[0031] In an embodiment, the high-pressure gas output device includes a high-pressure gas cylinder 20, a high-pressure pressure-reducing valve 21 and a filter 22, which are placed in the gas cylinder cabinet 19, and the output gas is connected with the aforementioned gas path controller 4 through a gas pipe, so as to realize accurate control and output of the gas pressure.

[0032] Figure 10 A tool with an active protection tool is shown according to an example embodiment, as shown in Figures 10-13 As shown, the tool with the active protection tool includes the aforementioned active protection tool for extreme working conditions, and the tool includes a lathe body 14 and a tool disc 15 installed on the lathe body 14, an active protection tool rod 37 is fixed on the tool disc 15 through a tool rod clamp, a micro-texture 47 on a rake face of the active protection tool overflows to form a support gas film at a tool-chip interface, and a micro-texture 49 on a relief face of the active protection tool overflows to form a support gas film at a tool-processed surface interface.

[0033] In an embodiment, the tool further includes a bus control module and a high-pressure gas output device.

[0034] The bus control module is provided with a machining program and a control system program, and the industrial computer 3 is connected with the laser controller 2, the ultrasonic generator 5, the electromagnetic induction host 6, the gas path controller 4 and the lathe body 14 through signal lines, and is placed in the cabinet 1.

[0035] The high-pressure gas output device includes a high-pressure gas cylinder 20, a high-pressure pressure-reducing valve 21 and a filter 22, which are placed in the gas cylinder cabinet 19, and the output gas is connected with the aforementioned gas path controller 4 through a gas pipe, so as to realize accurate control and output of the gas pressure.

[0036] In a feasible implementation, the lathe body 14 is composed of a thermal auxiliary module, a motion cutting module and a proactive protection module. The thermal auxiliary module is fixed on the left side of the lathe body 14, which includes an electric cylinder 8, a laser collimator 9, a laser support 10, a spindle clamp 11, a turning spindle 12, a beam adjuster 13, a workpiece clamp 23, a folding rod 24, a coil 25, a workpiece 26, a protective mirror one 27, a reflecting mirror 28, a focusing mirror 29 and a protective mirror two 30. The spindle 12 is fixed on the lathe body 14 through the spindle clamp, and is connected with the workpiece 26 through the workpiece clamp 23, so that the workpiece can rotate along the spindle axis. The electric cylinder 8 is fixed above the spindle clamp and fixed with the laser collimator 9 through the laser support 10, and the movable push rod of the electric cylinder 8 is connected with the folding rod 24 and the beam adjuster 13. The folding rod 24 is fixed with the coil 25, which can perform electromagnetic induction heating pretreatment on the workpiece 26. The beam adjuster 13 can adjust the laser beam output by the laser collimator 9, and the laser beam will pass through the internally arranged protective mirror one 27, reflecting mirror 28, focusing mirror 29 and protective mirror two 30 in turn, so as to reach the surface of the workpiece 26, realize the transformation of the material physical and chemical properties of the surface of the workpiece 26, reduce the material strength of the region to be machined, and effectively improve the machining efficiency and quality.

[0037] The motion cutting module includes a tool holder 15, a Z-axis sliding table 16, a tool holder 17, an X-axis sliding table 18, a transducer clamp 31, a thread turning tool 32, a thread turning tool rod 33, a transducer 34, an auxiliary heating rod 35, a tool rod clamp 36, a proactive protection tool body 38 and a conventional turning tool 39. The tool holder 15 is fixedly installed with the tool holder 17 on the XZ-axis sliding table (X-axis sliding table 18 and Z-axis sliding table 16), which can realize the feeding motion of the proactive protection tool. The transducer 34 is fixed on the tool holder 15 through the transducer clamp 31, and the thread turning tool rod 33 and the thread turning tool 32 are installed thereon, which can realize ultrasonic vibration auxiliary thread cutting machining, and effectively improve the thread machining precision.

[0038] The proactive protection tool machining design and application includes the following steps, and the following steps are performed in sequence: Step one, use DEFORM or ABAQUS finite element simulation software to carry out simulation analysis of tool-chip contact pressure, friction stress and temperature distribution under corresponding process parameters (cutting speed, feed speed and cutting depth), and determine the core area of chip-tool contact zone wear and the rear tool face wear area as the micro-texture machining area of the proactive protection tool surface to provide guidance; Step two, design the micro-texture, the core area of predicted chip-tool contact zone wear and the flank wear land area in step one are used as the boundary of micro-texture distribution. For example, the area of equivalent stress above 400 MPa or the area of temperature above 600℃ are marked as micro-texture area on the cloud chart. The main flow direction of the rake face micro-texture 47 should be consistent with the chip flow direction (parallel or a little angle) to facilitate gas guiding and chip evacuation. The micro-texture direction of the flank face micro-texture 49 can be parallel or perpendicular (or a little angle) to the cutting speed direction; Step three, optimize the micro-texture, the model of the boundary of predicted micro-texture distribution is imported into the simulation software, the key design variables: texture depth, texture pitch, micro gas film hole 48 diameter, gas pressure are selected, the cutting simulation of the active protection tool is carried out, the evaluation index system is established with the gas film efficiency index, heat insulation efficiency, wear reduction efficiency and gas flow efficiency as performance indicators, and the optimal process size and gas pressure parameters are determined. The specific method is as follows: The ANSYS DesignModeler is used to establish the parameterized tool three-dimensional geometric model, which includes internal gas path and surface micro-texture, and the key parameters include depth, width, pitch, shape (parallel / grid), micro gas film hole 48 diameter, micro gas film hole 48 angle and outlet position; The ANSYS Fluent is used for pure gas flow CFD analysis, the formation process of gas film on the rake face and the flank face under different gas pressures is simulated, and the gas path design is optimized with the gas film coverage integrity and pressure uniformity as indicators (optimization target: gas film coverage area≥wear "dangerous area" determined before, gas film pressure uniformity>80%, gas consumption per unit time is minimized); The thermal-mechanical coupling finite element analysis is used to obtain the baseline cutting performance data under the condition of no gas film protection; The ANSYS Workbench is used to adopt sequential coupling analysis method, the gas film pressure field calculated by CFD is applied as distributed load in the cutting simulation, and the improvement effect of gas film on cutting force, tool temperature and stress distribution is quantitatively evaluated; Based on the response surface method and multi-objective genetic algorithm, the cutting force reduction rate, temperature reduction rate and gas consumption are used as optimization targets, the micro-texture geometric parameters and gas path parameters are optimized, and the optimal configuration of the system is determined.

[0039] Step four, based on the optimization of the micro-texture of step three, the preparation of the active protection tool body 38 can be carried out by femtosecond laser processing, ultrafast pulse laser processing or micro electrical discharge machining process to prepare the surface micro-texture network of "micro-texture + micro gas film hole 48" (for example: surface micro-texture width 20-100μm, depth 10-30μm, micro gas film hole 48 diameter 10-15μm). In addition, the active protection tool bar 37 can be prepared by drilling, ultrafast pulse laser processing or micro electrical discharge machining process to prepare the internal gas circuit; Step five, the active protection tool body 38 prepared in step four is assembled with the active protection tool bar 37 on the cutter head 15, the workpiece is assembled on the spindle of the lathe body 14, and the electromagnetic induction coil is fixed on the workpiece by adjusting the gas cylinder extension rod and the folding rod, and the distance between the induction coil and the workpiece is adjusted; Step six, open the bus control system to control the numerical control X-axis, numerical control Z-axis, tool turret and gas cylinder extension rod, and perform lathe body 14 return to zero and tool setting; turn on the electromagnetic induction host, set the output current and electromagnetic induction frequency, the fixed heating area of the induction coil on the workpiece is circular, the center of the circle coincides with the spindle, and at the same time, open the high-pressure gas cylinder and the gas circuit controller, set the corresponding output gas pressure and flow, at this time, according to the processed workpiece and tool material, the relatively economical compressed air, nitrogen gas for preventing oxidation, cold wind for strong cooling or gas mist containing nano lubricating particles for enhancing lubrication effect can be selected; Step seven, open the machining program in the bus control system, the bus control system starts the spindle to rotate the workpiece, controls the numerical control X-axis and numerical control Z-axis to feed, turns on the electromagnetic induction heating and laser, and performs electromagnetic induction heating pretreatment and laser assisted heating to cooperate with the active protection system to perform precision turning; Step eight: after the precision turning is completed, the bus control system first closes the electromagnetic induction heating and laser heating through the electromagnetic induction host and laser controller, and controls the numerical control X-axis and numerical control Z-axis to return to zero of the lathe body 14, and then controls the spindle and the gas circuit controller to stop the rotation of the spindle and the output of the high-pressure gas.

[0040] The active protection tool is suitable for laser assisted machining and other extreme high temperature work. Based on the internal gas circuit and micro-texture forming tool active gas film protection system, a stable gas film is formed on the rake face and the flank face, the high temperature workpiece and the chip are actively isolated, the chemical adhesion and diffusion are effectively blocked, and the tool base is continuously cooled, so that the advantages of laser assisted machining are exerted, and the problem of tool wear caused by laser assisted machining is fundamentally solved.

[0041] The above merely illustrates the specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An active protective cutting tool for extreme working conditions, characterized in that, The active protection tool body is fixedly mounted on the tool head of the lathe body via an active protection tool shank. The active protection tool body includes a tool base and a PCD insert mounted on the tool base. The rake face and flank face of the PCD insert are respectively provided with microtextures. The microtextures have micro air film holes that are connected to the internal air passage. The internal air passage delivers high-pressure gas from the high-pressure gas output device to the microtextures, which overflow from the micro air film holes to form an air film. The microtextures on the rake face are distributed in the chip-tool contact area, and the microtextures on the flank face are distributed in the flank face wear zone area.

2. The active protective cutting tool for extreme working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Simulation analysis was performed using simulation software to predict the outer contours of the chip-tool contact area on the rake face and the wear band area on the flank face as the boundaries of the microtexture distribution.

3. The active protective cutting tool for extreme working conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The active protection tool model with the predicted microtexture distribution boundary is imported into the simulation software. Key design variables are selected: microtexture depth, microtexture spacing, microfilm pore diameter, and gas pressure. Cutting simulation of the active protection tool is carried out. An evaluation index system is established with film efficiency index, thermal insulation efficiency, wear mitigation efficiency, and airflow efficiency as performance indicators to determine the optimal process dimensions and gas pressure parameters of the active protection tool.

4. The active protective cutting tool for extreme working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal air path includes a first air film hole, a second air film hole, and a third air film hole connected in sequence. The first and second air film holes are located inside the active protection tool rod. The quick-connect connector installed at the tail end of the active protection tool rod is connected to the air path controller through an air tube. The second air film hole inside the active protection tool rod and the third air film hole inside the active protection tool are connected by a sealing gasket. The micro air film hole is connected to the third air film hole.

5. The active protective cutting tool for extreme working conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The high-pressure gas output device is connected to the gas circuit controller via a gas pipe.

6. The active protective cutting tool for extreme working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PCD insert and the tool body are welded together, and the tool body is fixedly installed at the tool groove at the front end of the active protection tool holder by bolts.

7. The active protective cutting tool for extreme working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microtexture morphology of the front face can be parallel, grid-like, or biomimetic vein-like.

8. A tooling with active protection for cutting tools, said tooling having active protection for cutting tools for extreme conditions as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The tooling includes: a lathe body and a cutter head mounted on the lathe body. The active protection tool holder is fixed on the cutter head by a tool holder clamp. The gas film overflowing from the micro-texture of the rake face of the active protection tool forms a supporting gas film at the tool-chip interface. The gas film overflowing from the micro-texture of the flank face of the active protection tool forms a supporting gas film at the tool-machined surface interface.

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