Cooperative control-based vehicle-mounted range extender three-port power supply power distribution system and optimization method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted power supply systems of extended-range electric vehicles, in particular to an integrated vehicle-mounted range extender power supply three-port DC-AC system based on multi-target cooperative control and a power optimization method. A vehicle-mounted range extender three-port power supply power distribution system based on cooperative control is provided with a high-voltage battery port, a range extender input port and an alternating-current load port. Wherein the high-voltage battery port and the range extender input port are electrically connected with the power module respectively. The high-voltage battery port and the range extender input port are respectively and independently connected to corresponding input nodes of the power module, and the power module comprises a power processing circuit and a matrix LLC resonant converter. And the high-voltage battery port and the range extender input port respectively realize bidirectional coupling of electric energy through the corresponding power processing circuits and the matrix LLC resonant converter. The power module is connected with the alternating current output port through a power circuit; the alternating current load module is an independent power load unit and comprises a resistive load, an inductive load or a hybrid load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of on-board power supply system technology for range-extended electric vehicles, specifically to an integrated on-board range extender power supply three-port DC-AC system and power optimization method based on multi-objective cooperative control. Background Technology

[0002] The three-port DC-AC integrated power system (TP-IPS) based on a three-port power conversion architecture features flexible energy routing and multi-source collaborative control, making it a core device for achieving efficient energy management in range-extended electric vehicles. When vehicles operate under complex conditions, the output characteristics of the power battery and the range extender differ significantly, resulting in slow dynamic response and large efficiency fluctuations. To address this, Intelligent Energy Management (IEM) control strategies have been proposed. Due to their multi-objective optimization capabilities, they can provide optimal power allocation for hybrid power supply systems and are widely used in electric vehicles with high range requirements. However, when load power changes abruptly, power supply systems based on traditional control are prone to bus voltage fluctuations. Furthermore, conventional PI control, limited by its fixed parameters, exhibits a significant decline in converter efficiency over a wide operating range, potentially leading to system instability under extreme conditions. Therefore, adopting advanced multi-objective collaborative control strategies in vehicle power supply systems is crucial for improving system performance.

[0003] The core problem of existing range-extended electric vehicle on-board power supply systems lies in the rigidity of energy paths and the lag in control strategies. Specifically, this manifests as insufficient dynamic response: for example, in patent CN120270095A, when the load power changes abruptly, the response delay of the power allocation strategy based on rules or traditional BMS communication exceeds 500ms, resulting in large fluctuations in bus voltage and poor system stability.

[0004] The issue of low-temperature performance degradation remains unresolved: For example, in patent CN118920956A, lithium battery capacity degradation exceeds 40% at -20℃, exacerbating irreversible battery degradation, with capacity retention generally below 60%. Although patent CN117335666A (a three-port DC-AC converter based on interleaved Boost and dual active bridges) supports multiple inputs, it is still a DC output, requiring an additional inverter stage, and does not address a collaborative control mechanism for low-temperature battery degradation.

[0005] To improve dynamic performance, existing technologies primarily rely on designing mode-switching controllers. However, mainstream solutions often employ rule-based energy management strategies, which have significant limitations when handling multi-constraint coupling and nonlinear operating conditions. Furthermore, the solution efficiency of traditional optimization algorithms is significantly affected by initial conditions, severely restricting the real-time control performance of the system. Currently, research on Model Predictive Coordinated Control (MPCC) for onboard three-port systems is limited. This control method boasts advantages such as fast dynamic response, strong handling of multivariable constraints, and rolling optimization, effectively addressing stability issues caused by sudden changes in operating conditions and overcoming the poor adaptability of traditional rule-based control. This allows the system to possess both rapid dynamic characteristics and global optimization capabilities. Simultaneously, the optimization time domain of the predictive control strategy can adaptively adjust according to the operating state, significantly improving control robustness under complex operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to address the problems of rigid energy paths, lagging power distribution, severe battery degradation under low-temperature conditions, and low efficiency of multi-stage energy conversion in existing on-board power supply systems for range-extended electric vehicles. It proposes an integrated three-port DC-AC system for on-board range extender power supply based on multi-objective cooperative control and a power optimization method. This method achieves dynamic optimal power allocation between the battery and the range extender by establishing a three-port energy cooperative architecture and employing a matrix LLC resonant converter and model predictive cooperative control, thereby improving the system's efficiency and stability under low temperatures and sudden changes in operating conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A three-port power distribution system for an on-board range extender based on cooperative control has a high-voltage battery port (Port-B), a range extender input port (Port-R), and an AC load port (Port-L).

[0009] The high-voltage battery port (Port-B) and the range extender input port (Port-R) are electrically connected to the power module.

[0010] The high-voltage battery port (Port-B) and the range extender input port (Port-R) are independently connected to the corresponding input nodes of the power module. The power module includes a power processing circuit and a matrix LLC resonant converter.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-voltage battery port (Port-B) and the range extender input port (Port-R) are respectively bidirectionally coupled to the matrix LLC resonant converter through corresponding power processing circuits. The power module is connected to the AC output port through a power circuit for transmitting electrical energy; the AC output port is then connected to the AC load module via the inverter output; the AC load module is an independent power load unit, including resistive, inductive, or hybrid loads.

[0012] The digital signal processing chip (DSP) receives voltage, current and temperature information corresponding to the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), range extender input port (Port-R) and AC load port (Port-L) through the sampling circuit, and sends PWM drive signals to the power module and inverter, forming a two-way signal interaction relationship of "input acquisition + output control".

[0013] Energy coupling and electrical isolation are achieved between the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), the range extender input port (Port-R), and the AC load port (Port-L) through a matrix LLC resonant converter, thus forming a compact, high-density three-port power supply platform. The matrix LLC resonant converter is a resonant converter structure with multi-port energy coupling capability, which achieves multi-source energy isolation and bidirectional transmission through multiple sets of full-bridge switching matrices and a shared resonant cavity.

[0014] The digital signal processing chip mentioned is the TI TMS320F28379D, which integrates a dual-core C28x floating-point processor and high-speed control peripherals. It features a multi-channel ADC, ePWM, current sampling interface, and CAN / FlexRay communication module. This chip acquires key parameters such as battery voltage, current, temperature, Boost inductor current, and AC side voltage and current through the high-speed ADC. The ePWM module then outputs PWM drive signals to the DAB full-bridge, Boost full-bridge, and inverter full-bridge respectively, realizing synchronous control, modulation, and protection logic across the three ports.

[0015] The matrix LLC resonant converter consists of a battery-side DAB full-bridge inverter, an AC-side full-bridge inverter, a high-frequency three-winding transformer, and resonant elements. The battery-side full-bridge is an H-type bridge structure composed of Q1 to Q4, where Q1 and Q3 are the upper and lower transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q2 and Q4 are the upper and lower transistors of the right bridge arm. The midpoints of the two bridge arms converge via resonant inductors L4 and L5, and then are connected to the first primary winding L1 of the high-frequency transformer through series inductor L6 and resonant capacitor C2. The range extender port is connected to the second primary winding L2 of the high-frequency transformer after being boosted by two-phase interleaved voltage. The AC-side full-bridge is composed of Q5 to Q8, where Q5 and Q7 are the upper and lower transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q6 and Q8 are the upper and lower transistors of the right bridge arm. The midpoints of these bridge arms are connected to the two ends of the secondary winding L3 of the transformer. The three-winding transformers (L1, L2, L3) achieve energy routing and electrical isolation between the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), the range extender port (Port-R), and the AC port (Port-L) through magnetic coupling.

[0016] Specifically, the battery port (Port-B) side adopts a dual active bridge (DAB) structure, consisting of full-bridge power switches Q1-Q4, resonant inductors L4, L5, and L6, resonant capacitor C2, and the primary winding L1 of a high-frequency transformer. Q1 and Q3 form the upper and lower switches of the left bridge arm, and Q2 and Q4 form the upper and lower switches of the right bridge arm. The four switches are bridged across the battery DC bus. The battery DC source is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C1 to provide a stable DC voltage for the full bridge. The midpoints of the left and right bridge arms converge through resonant inductors L4 and L5, respectively, and then are connected to the primary winding L1 of the high-frequency transformer through series inductor L6 and resonant capacitor C2, forming an LLC-type resonant channel to realize bidirectional energy transfer between the battery port and the three-port power module.

[0017] The range extender input port (Port-R) employs a two-phase interleaved Boost circuit, consisting of inductors L7 and L8, power switches Q9 and Q10, diodes D1 and D2, and bus capacitor C3. Each phase Boost circuit consists of an inductor (L7 or L8) connected in series with the corresponding switch (Q9 or Q10) between the range extender's DC power supply and the common node. This node charges the DC bus through diodes D1 and D2. A filter capacitor C3 is connected in parallel across the bus to suppress the output voltage ripple of the boost stage. The two-phase Boosts are driven in a 180° interleaved manner, causing the current phases of L7 and L8 to be staggered by half a switching cycle. This achieves mutual cancellation of current ripple on the bus side, reducing single-phase inductor current stress and increasing power density. The Boost output bus is then connected to a matrix LLC resonant converter through the second primary winding L2 of a high-frequency transformer, realizing energy coupling between the range extender port and the three-port system.

[0018] The AC load port (Port-L) adopts a full-bridge inverter structure, consisting of the secondary winding L3 of the high-frequency transformer, full-bridge power switches Q5-Q8, output filter inductor Lf, and filter capacitor C4. The two ends of L3 are connected to the midpoints of the left and right bridge arms, respectively. Q5 and Q7 form the upper and lower transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q6 and Q8 form the upper and lower transistors of the right bridge arm. The full-bridge output, through the filter inductor Lf and filter capacitor C4, forms an LC filter network, smoothing the high-frequency PWM voltage waveform into an approximately sinusoidal AC voltage before sending it to the AC load. The inverter uses SPWM or SVPWM modulation, with the modulation ratio M adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the output AC voltage, combined with voltage and current dual closed-loop control to ensure output power quality and load-side voltage stability.

[0019] The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of the on-board range extender based on cooperative control is as follows: it includes the regulation of the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), which includes setting up a power transmission model of dual active bridges and phase shift control of dual active bridges.

[0020] The control of the range extender input port (Port-R) includes a dual closed-loop control consisting of a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop.

[0021] The AC load port (Port-L) is regulated using SPWM or SVPWM modulation, with the amplitude of the output AC voltage controlled by the modulation ratio M, i.e., the PMW generates the ZVS signal.

[0022] Power distribution and coordinated control between the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), the range extender input port (Port-R), and the AC load port (Port-L).

[0023] Specifically, the control of the high-voltage battery port (Port-B) is as follows:

[0024] A voltage-current dual closed-loop structure is adopted, and the power flow direction is adjusted by the phase shift angle φ to achieve bidirectional energy flow. The phase shift angle control law is as follows:

[0025] (1);

[0026] in, The battery reference power generated for the power distribution module. This represents the actual power measured by DAB. Rapid tracking of battery power to a reference power is achieved through proportional-integral regulation.

[0027] Specifically, the power transfer model of the dual active bridge is as follows:

[0028] (2);

[0029] (3);

[0030] In the formula, n is the equivalent turns ratio of the high-frequency transformer. Battery voltage, Bus voltage The switching angular frequency, For equivalent resonant inductance, The phase shift angle for the battery port DAB.

[0031] The maximum transmission power is:

[0032] (4).

[0033] Specifically, the phase shift control of the dual active bridge is as follows:

[0034] By adjusting the phase shift angle of the full-bridge circuit, bidirectional power transfer between the battery and the AC side is achieved; precise power regulation is achieved through the introduction of dual closed-loop control of voltage and current. Control objective: Based on the power reference value... Adjust the phase shift angle to achieve the desired actual power. Approaching the reference value:

[0035] (5);

[0036] In the formula, The output power at the battery port (calculated by DAB or estimated by the power loop). The power reference at the battery port (generated by power distribution) is used; the error is obtained by subtracting the two.

[0037] The phase shift adjustment law uses a standard PI controller, which includes a proportional control element and an integral control element. The two parts work together to generate the phase shift angle φ, so as to achieve rapid tracking of the DAB output power to the reference power.

[0038] (6);

[0039] This is the phase shift angle (control quantity) of the battery port DAB. This is for power error; These are the proportional and integral coefficients of the PI controller, respectively. To control the sampling period.

[0040] Specifically, the range extender input port (Port-R) is controlled as follows:

[0041] A dual closed-loop control system, consisting of an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop, is employed. The outer voltage loop maintains stable bus voltage, while the inner current loop limits the Boost inductor current. The duty cycle adjustment rule is as follows:

[0042] (7);

[0043] By adjusting the duty cycle D, a constant output of bus voltage is achieved, ensuring that the system maintains stable power supply when the range extender output fluctuates.

[0044] Furthermore, the Boost converter model is as follows:

[0045] (8);

[0046] In the formula, For Boost output bus voltage, D is the rectified output voltage of the range extender generator, and D is the Boost duty cycle.

[0047] The design models for inductors and capacitors are as follows:

[0048] (9);

[0049] In the formula This refers to the inductor current ripple. For Boost switching frequency;

[0050] Furthermore, the Boost system employs an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop control to adjust the duty cycle D to maintain stable bus voltage; bus voltage control error:

[0051] (10);

[0052] In the formula, This is the reference value for the bus voltage (system setting). This is the actual voltage of the DC bus;

[0053] Duty cycle adjustment law:

[0054] (11);

[0055] In the formula, The proportional gain of the outer voltage loop PI. is the integral coefficient.

[0056] Specifically, the control of the AC load port (Port-L) is as follows:

[0057] Using SPWM or SVPWM modulation, the amplitude of the output AC voltage is controlled by the modulation ratio M, i.e., the PMW generates the ZVS signal:

[0058] (12);

[0059] It also ensures the quality of output power and the stability of the load through a dual closed-loop system of voltage and current.

[0060] Specifically, the modulation ratio M of the inverter can adjust the amplitude of the AC output voltage. The AC side voltage output (RMS value) is generated by the full-bridge inverter:

[0061] (13);

[0062] In the formula, The modulation ratio.

[0063] The energy balance constraints are as follows, and the three ports of the system satisfy the energy balance relationship:

[0064] (14);

[0065] Output power to the battery port; This refers to the output power of the range extender port. Output power for the AC port; This represents the system's power loss.

[0066] Specifically, the modulation ratio MMM is based on the output voltage error:

[0067] (15);

[0068] Output quality is regulated by dual closed-loop control of voltage and current.

[0069] PI adjustment:

[0070] (16);

[0071] In the formula, These are the proportional and integral coefficients of the AC voltage loop PI, respectively.

[0072] Specifically, the power distribution and coordinated control among the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), the range extender input port (Port-R), and the AC load port (Port-L) are as follows:

[0073] Real-time acquisition of information on battery, temperature, and load power change rate, based on a linear power allocation model:

[0074] (17); (18);

[0075] In the formula , , These are the coefficients of the linear allocation model, used to generate the reference power for the battery and range extender; Battery temperature; This represents the load change rate.

[0076] By predicting the power trajectory in the future time domain, the objective function is constructed as follows:

[0077] (19);

[0078] In the formula To optimize the objective function for power allocation, The power trajectory of the battery port at step k; This serves as the desired power reference for the battery port at step k. This represents the power trajectory of the range extender port at step k. These are non-negative weighting coefficients used to balance the relative importance of battery power tracking error and range extender power tracking error in the objective function.

[0079] The constraints are satisfied:

[0080] (20);

[0081] (twenty one);

[0082] Under the premise of meeting the constraints, the optimal power allocation is obtained through the rolling optimization algorithm. This control structure has the advantages of strong real-time performance, adaptability to changes in operating conditions, and suppression of voltage fluctuations.

[0083] ZVS (Zero Voltage Switch) conditions are as follows:

[0084] (twenty two);

[0085] In the formula, For the bridge arm inductor current, The dead time is defined as the ZVS condition, which constrains the switching behavior of the DAB full-bridge and the matrix LLC full-bridge. By ensuring that the bridge arm current can complete the charging and discharging of the leakage capacitance within the dead time after the switch is turned off, zero-voltage turn-on of the full-bridge switch is achieved to improve efficiency.

[0086] This invention relates to an integrated three-port DC-AC power supply system for an on-board range extender based on a matrix LLC resonant converter and a power optimization method. It is used to solve problems such as low-temperature battery degradation, dynamic response delay, and low efficiency of multi-stage conversion, and to realize dynamic power distribution between the battery and the range extender, thereby improving system efficiency and adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0087] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the high-voltage battery port, the range extender input port and the AC load port in this invention.

[0088] Figure 2 This is a circuit topology diagram of the integrated three-port converter in this invention.

[0089] Figure 3 This is a timing flowchart of the collaborative control strategy of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0090] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-3 The present invention will be further illustrated by the embodiments.

[0091] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0092] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0093] The following are embodiments of the invention "A method for improving cross-sectional power transmission capacity based on grid-type new energy support capacity", covering specific data, steps, variables, formula applications and calculation scenarios.

[0094] Refer to the above appendix Figure 1-2 The present invention relates to a three-port power distribution system for an on-board range extender based on cooperative control, having a high-voltage battery port (Port-B), a range extender input port (Port-R), and an AC load port (Port-L).

[0095] The high-voltage battery port (Port-B) and the range extender input port (Port-R) are electrically connected to the power module.

[0096] The high-voltage battery port (Port-B) and the range extender input port (Port-R) are independently connected to the corresponding input nodes of the power module. The power module includes a power processing circuit and a matrix LLC resonant converter.

[0097] Furthermore, the high-voltage battery port (Port-B) and the range extender input port (Port-R) are bidirectionally coupled to the matrix LLC resonant converter through corresponding power processing circuits. The power module is connected to the AC output port via a power circuit for power transmission; the AC output port is then connected to the AC load module via an inverter; the AC load module is an independent power load unit, including resistive, inductive, or hybrid loads.

[0098] The digital signal processing chip (DSP) receives voltage, current and temperature information corresponding to the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), range extender input port (Port-R) and AC load port (Port-L) through the sampling circuit, and sends PWM drive signals to the power module and inverter, forming a two-way signal interaction relationship of "input acquisition + output control".

[0099] Energy coupling and electrical isolation are achieved between the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), the range extender input port (Port-R), and the AC load port (Port-L) through a matrix LLC resonant converter, thus forming a compact, high-density three-port power supply platform. The matrix LLC resonant converter is a resonant converter structure with multi-port energy coupling capability, which achieves multi-source energy isolation and bidirectional transmission through multiple sets of full-bridge switching matrices and a shared resonant cavity.

[0100] The digital signal processing chip mentioned is the TI TMS320F28379D, which integrates a dual-core C28x floating-point processor and high-speed control peripherals. It features a multi-channel ADC, ePWM, current sampling interface, and CAN / FlexRay communication module. This chip acquires key parameters such as battery voltage, current, temperature, Boost inductor current, and AC side voltage and current through the high-speed ADC. It then outputs PWM drive signals to the DAB full-bridge, Boost full-bridge, and inverter full-bridge via the ePWM module, realizing synchronous control, modulation, and protection logic across the three ports.

[0101] See appendix Figure 2The matrix LLC resonant converter consists of a battery-side DAB full-bridge inverter, an AC-side full-bridge inverter, a high-frequency three-winding transformer, and resonant elements. As shown in Figure 2, the battery-side full-bridge is an H-type bridge structure composed of Q1 to Q4, where Q1 and Q3 are the upper and lower transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q2 and Q4 are the upper and lower transistors of the right bridge arm. The midpoints of the two bridge arms converge through resonant inductors L4 and L5, and then are connected to the first primary winding L1 of the high-frequency transformer through series inductor L6 and resonant capacitor C2. The range extender port is connected to the second primary winding L2 of the high-frequency transformer after being boosted by two-phase interleaved voltage. The AC-side full-bridge is composed of Q5 to Q8, where Q5 and Q7 are the upper and lower transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q6 and Q8 are the upper and lower transistors of the right bridge arm. The midpoints of their respective bridge arms are connected to the two ends of the secondary winding L3 of the transformer. The three-winding transformers (L1, L2, L3) achieve energy routing and electrical isolation between the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), the range extender port (Port-R), and the AC port (Port-L) through magnetic coupling.

[0102] Specifically, the battery port (Port-B) side adopts a dual active bridge (DAB) structure, consisting of full-bridge power switches Q1-Q4, resonant inductors L4-L6, resonant capacitor C2, and the primary winding L1 of a high-frequency transformer. For example... Figure 2 As shown, Q1 and Q3 form the upper and lower switching transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q2 and Q4 form the upper and lower switching transistors of the right bridge arm. The four switching transistors are bridged across the battery DC bus. The battery DC source is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C1 to provide a stable DC voltage for the entire bridge. The midpoints of the left and right bridge arms converge through resonant inductors L4 and L5 respectively, and then are connected to the primary winding L1 of the high-frequency transformer through series inductor L6 and resonant capacitor C2, forming an LLC-type resonant channel to realize bidirectional energy transfer between the battery port and the three-port power module.

[0103] The range extender input port (Port-R) uses a two-phase interleaved boost converter circuit, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the circuit consists of inductors L7 and L8, power switches Q9 and Q10, diodes D1 and D2, and bus capacitor C3. Each phase Boost circuit is connected in series between the range extender's DC power supply and the common node, consisting of an inductor (L7 or L8) and the corresponding switch (Q9 or Q10). This node charges the DC bus through diodes D1 and D2. A filter capacitor C3 is connected in parallel across the bus to suppress the output voltage ripple of the boost stage. The two phase Boosts are driven in a 180° staggered manner, causing the current phases of L7 and L8 to be offset by half a switching cycle. This achieves mutual cancellation of current ripple on the bus side, reducing the current stress of the single-phase inductors and increasing the power density. The Boost output bus is then connected to a matrix LLC resonant converter through the second primary winding L2 of the high-frequency transformer, realizing energy coupling between the range extender port and the three-port system.

[0104] The AC load port (Port-L) adopts a full-bridge inverter structure, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the inverter consists of a high-frequency transformer secondary winding L3, full-bridge power switches Q5-Q8, an output filter inductor Lf, and a filter capacitor C4. The two ends of L3 are connected to the midpoints of the left and right bridge arms, respectively. Q5 and Q7 form the upper and lower transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q6 and Q8 form the upper and lower transistors of the right bridge arm. The full-bridge output forms an LC filter network through the filter inductor Lf and the filter capacitor C4, smoothing the high-frequency PWM voltage waveform into an approximately sinusoidal AC voltage before sending it to the AC load. The inverter uses SPWM or SVPWM modulation, with the modulation ratio M adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the output AC voltage, combined with voltage and current dual closed-loop control to ensure output power quality and load-side voltage stability.

[0105] The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of the on-board range extender based on cooperative control is as follows: it includes the regulation of the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), which includes setting up a power transmission model of dual active bridges and phase shift control of dual active bridges.

[0106] The control of the range extender input port (Port-R) includes a dual closed-loop control consisting of a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop.

[0107] The AC load port (Port-L) is regulated using SPWM or SVPWM modulation, with the amplitude of the output AC voltage controlled by the modulation ratio M, i.e., the PMW generates the ZVS signal.

[0108] Power distribution and coordinated control between the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), the range extender input port (Port-R), and the AC load port (Port-L).

[0109] Specifically, the control of the high-voltage battery port (Port-B) is as follows:

[0110] A voltage-current dual closed-loop structure is adopted, and the power flow direction is adjusted by the phase shift angle φ to achieve bidirectional energy flow. The phase shift angle control law is as follows:

[0111] (1);

[0112] in, The battery reference power generated for the power distribution module. This represents the actual power measured by DAB. Rapid tracking of battery power to a reference power is achieved through proportional-integral regulation.

[0113] Specifically, the power transfer model of the dual active bridge is as follows:

[0114] (2);

[0115] (3);

[0116] In the formula, n is the equivalent turns ratio of the high-frequency transformer. Battery voltage, Bus voltage The switching angular frequency, For equivalent resonant inductance, The phase shift angle for the battery port DAB.

[0117] The maximum transmission power is:

[0118] (4).

[0119] Specifically, the phase shift control of the dual active bridge is as follows:

[0120] By adjusting the phase shift angle of the full-bridge circuit, bidirectional power transfer between the battery and the AC side is achieved; precise power regulation is achieved through the introduction of dual closed-loop control of voltage and current. Control objective: Based on the power reference value... Adjust the phase shift angle to achieve the desired actual power. Approaching the reference value:

[0121] (5);

[0122] In the formula, The output power at the battery port (calculated by DAB or estimated by the power loop). The power reference at the battery port (generated by power distribution) is used; the error is obtained by subtracting the two.

[0123] The phase shift adjustment law uses a standard PI controller, which includes a proportional control element and an integral control element. The two parts work together to generate the phase shift angle φ, so as to achieve rapid tracking of the DAB output power to the reference power.

[0124] (6);

[0125] This is the phase shift angle (control quantity) of the battery port DAB. This is for power error; These are the proportional and integral coefficients of the PI controller, respectively. To control the sampling period.

[0126] Specifically, the range extender input port (Port-R) is controlled as follows:

[0127] A dual closed-loop control system consisting of an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop is adopted.

[0128] The outer voltage loop is used to maintain stable bus voltage; the inner current loop is used to limit the Boost inductor current. The duty cycle adjustment rule is as follows:

[0129] (7);

[0130] By adjusting the duty cycle D, a constant output of bus voltage is achieved, ensuring that the system maintains stable power supply when the range extender output fluctuates.

[0131] Furthermore, the Boost converter model is as follows:

[0132] (8);

[0133] In the formula, For Boost output bus voltage, D is the rectified output voltage of the range extender generator, and D is the Boost duty cycle.

[0134] The design models for inductors and capacitors are as follows:

[0135] (9);

[0136] In the formula This refers to the inductor current ripple. For Boost switching frequency;

[0137] Furthermore, the Boost system employs an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop control to adjust the duty cycle D to maintain stable bus voltage; bus voltage control error:

[0138] (10);

[0139] In the formula, This is the reference value for the bus voltage (system setting). This is the actual voltage of the DC bus;

[0140] Duty cycle adjustment law:

[0141] (11);

[0142] In the formula, The proportional gain of the outer voltage loop PI. is the integral coefficient.

[0143] Specifically, the control of the AC load port (Port-L) is as follows:

[0144] Using SPWM or SVPWM modulation, the amplitude of the output AC voltage is controlled by the modulation ratio M, i.e., the PMW generates the ZVS signal:

[0145] (12);

[0146] It also ensures the quality of output power and the stability of the load through a dual closed-loop system of voltage and current.

[0147] Specifically, the modulation ratio M of the inverter can adjust the amplitude of the AC output voltage. The AC side voltage output (RMS value) is generated by the full-bridge inverter:

[0148] (13);

[0149] In the formula, The modulation ratio.

[0150] The energy balance constraints are as follows, and the three ports of the system satisfy the energy balance relationship:

[0151] (14);

[0152] Output power to the battery port; This refers to the output power of the range extender port. Output power for the AC port; This represents the system's power loss.

[0153] Specifically, the modulation ratio MMM is based on the output voltage error:

[0154] (15);

[0155] Output quality is regulated by dual closed-loop control of voltage and current.

[0156] PI adjustment:

[0157] (16);

[0158] In the formula, These are the proportional and integral coefficients of the AC voltage loop PI, respectively.

[0159] Specifically, the power distribution and coordinated control among the high-voltage battery port (Port-B), the range extender input port (Port-R), and the AC load port (Port-L) are as follows:

[0160] Real-time acquisition of information on battery, temperature, and load power change rate, based on a linear power allocation model:

[0161] (17); (18);

[0162] In the formula , , These are the coefficients of the linear allocation model, used to generate the reference power for the battery and range extender; Battery temperature; This represents the load change rate.

[0163] By predicting the power trajectory in the future time domain, the objective function is constructed as follows:

[0164] (19);

[0165] In the formula To optimize the objective function for power allocation, The power trajectory of the battery port at step k; This serves as the desired power reference for the battery port at step k. This represents the power trajectory of the range extender port at step k. These are non-negative weighting coefficients used to balance the relative importance of battery power tracking error and range extender power tracking error in the objective function.

[0166] The constraints are satisfied:

[0167] (20);

[0168] (twenty one);

[0169] Under the premise of meeting the constraints, the optimal power allocation is obtained through the rolling optimization algorithm. This control structure has the advantages of strong real-time performance, adaptability to changes in operating conditions, and suppression of voltage fluctuations.

[0170] ZVS (Zero Voltage Switch) conditions are as follows:

[0171] (twenty two);

[0172] In the formula, For the bridge arm inductor current, The dead time is defined as the ZVS condition, which constrains the switching behavior of the DAB full-bridge and the matrix LLC full-bridge. By ensuring that the bridge arm current can complete the charging and discharging of the leakage capacitance within the dead time after the switch is turned off, zero-voltage turn-on of the full-bridge switch is achieved, thereby improving efficiency.

Claims

1. A three-port power distribution system for an on-board range extender based on cooperative control, characterized in that, It features a high-voltage battery port, a range extender input port, and an AC load port; The high-voltage battery port and the range extender input port are independently connected to the corresponding input nodes of the power module. The power module includes a power processing circuit and a matrix LLC resonant converter.

2. The three-port power distribution system for an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage battery port and the range extender input port are respectively coupled bidirectionally to the matrix LLC resonant converter through corresponding power processing circuits; the power module and the AC output port are connected through a power circuit for transmitting electrical energy; the AC output port is then connected to the AC load module via the inverter output. AC load modules are independent power load units, including resistive, inductive, or mixed loads; The digital signal processing chip receives voltage, current and temperature information corresponding to the high-voltage battery port, range extender input port and AC load port through the sampling circuit, and sends PWM drive signals to the power module and inverter, forming a two-way signal interaction relationship of "input acquisition + output control". The high-voltage battery port, the range extender input port, and the AC load port are connected by a matrix LLC resonant converter to achieve energy coupling and electrical isolation, thus forming a compact, high-density three-port power supply platform.

3. The three-port power distribution system for an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 2, characterized in that, The matrix LLC resonant converter consists of a battery-side DAB full-bridge inverter, an AC-side full-bridge inverter, a high-frequency three-winding transformer, and resonant elements. The battery-side full-bridge is an H-type bridge structure composed of Q1 to Q4, where Q1 and Q3 are the upper and lower transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q2 and Q4 are the upper and lower transistors of the right bridge arm. The midpoints of the two bridge arms converge through resonant inductors L4 and L5, and then are connected to the first primary winding L1 of the high-frequency transformer through series inductor L6 and resonant capacitor C2. The range extender port is connected to the second primary winding L2 of the high-frequency transformer after being boosted by two-phase interleaved voltage. The AC-side full-bridge is composed of Q5 to Q8, where Q5 and Q7 are the upper and lower transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q6 and Q8 are the upper and lower transistors of the right bridge arm. The midpoints of their respective bridge arms are connected to the two ends of the secondary winding L3 of the transformer. The three-winding transformer achieves energy routing and electrical isolation between the high-voltage battery port, the range extender port, and the AC port under magnetic coupling.

4. The three-port power distribution system for an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The range extender input port employs a two-phase interleaved Boost circuit, consisting of inductors L7 and L8, power switches Q9 and Q10, diodes D1 and D2, and bus capacitor C3. Each phase Boost circuit is connected in series between the range extender DC power supply and the common node by inductor L7 or L8 and the corresponding switch Q9 or Q10. This node charges the DC bus through diodes D1 and D2. A filter capacitor C3 is connected in parallel across the bus to suppress the output voltage ripple of the boost stage. The two-phase Boost is driven in a 180° interleaved manner, causing the current phases of L7 and L8 to be staggered by half a switching cycle, thereby canceling out the current ripple on the bus side, reducing the current stress of the single-phase inductors, and increasing the power density. The Boost output bus is then connected to a matrix LLC resonant converter through the second primary winding L2 of the high-frequency transformer, realizing energy coupling between the range extender port and the three-port system.

5. The three-port power distribution system for an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The AC load port adopts a full-bridge inverter structure, consisting of the secondary winding L3 of a high-frequency transformer, full-bridge power switching transistors Q5 to Q8, and output filter inductor Lf and filter capacitor C4. The two ends of L3 are connected to the midpoints of the left and right bridge arms respectively. Q5 and Q7 constitute the upper and lower transistors of the left bridge arm, and Q6 and Q8 constitute the upper and lower transistors of the right bridge arm. The full-bridge output terminal forms an LC filter network through filter inductor Lf and filter capacitor C4, which smooths the high-frequency PWM voltage waveform into an approximately sinusoidal AC voltage before sending it to the AC load. The inverter adopts SPWM or SVPWM modulation mode, and the amplitude and frequency of the output AC voltage are adjusted by the modulation ratio M. Combined with voltage and current dual closed-loop control, it ensures the output power quality and load voltage stability.

6. An optimization method for a three-port power distribution system for an on-board range extender based on cooperative control, characterized in that, This includes regulation of the high-voltage battery port, which includes setting the power transfer model of the dual active bridge and phase shift control of the dual active bridge. The control of the range extender input port includes a dual closed-loop control consisting of an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop. The AC load port is regulated using SPWM or SVPWM modulation, with the modulation ratio M controlling the amplitude of the output AC voltage, i.e., the PMW generates the ZVS signal; It enables power distribution and coordinated control among the high-voltage battery port, the range extender input port, and the AC load port.

7. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 6, characterized in that, The high-voltage battery port is regulated as follows: A voltage-current dual closed-loop structure is adopted, and the power flow direction is adjusted by the phase shift angle φ to achieve bidirectional energy flow. The phase shift angle control law is as follows: （1）； in, The battery reference power generated for the power distribution module. The actual power measured by DAB; through proportional-integral regulation, rapid tracking of battery power with reference power is achieved.

8. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power transfer model of the dual active bridge is as follows: （2）； （3）； In the formula, n is the equivalent turns ratio of the high-frequency transformer. Battery voltage, Bus voltage The switching angular frequency, For equivalent resonant inductance, Phase shift angle for the battery port DAB; The maximum transmission power is: （4）。 9. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 6, characterized in that, The phase shift control of the dual active bridge is as follows: By adjusting the phase shift angle of the full-bridge circuit, bidirectional power transfer between the battery and the AC side is achieved; precise power regulation is achieved through the introduction of dual closed-loop control of voltage and current. Control objective: Based on the power reference value... Adjust the phase shift angle to achieve the desired actual power. Approaching the reference value: （5）； In the formula, The battery port output power is calculated by DAB or estimated by the power loop. The battery port power reference is generated by the power distribution; the error is obtained by subtracting the two. The phase shift angle adjustment law adopts a standard PI controller, which includes a proportional control stage and an integral control stage. The two parts work together to generate the phase shift angle φ, so as to achieve rapid tracking of the DAB output power to the reference power. （6）； The phase shift angle of the battery port DAB; This is for power error; These are the proportional and integral coefficients of the PI controller, respectively. To control the sampling period.

10. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 6, characterized in that, The range extender input port is controlled as follows: The system employs a dual closed-loop control consisting of an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop. The outer voltage loop is used to maintain stable bus voltage, while the inner current loop is used to limit the Boost inductor current. The duty cycle adjustment rule is as follows: （7）； By adjusting the duty cycle D, a constant output of bus voltage is achieved, ensuring that the system maintains stable power supply when the range extender output fluctuates.

11. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 10, characterized in that, The Boost converter model is as follows: （8）； In the formula, For Boost output bus voltage, Where is the rectified output voltage of the range extender generator, and D is the Boost duty cycle; The design models for inductors and capacitors are as follows: （9）； In the formula This refers to the inductor current ripple. This refers to the Boost switching frequency.

12. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 10, characterized in that, Boost employs an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop control, adjusting the duty cycle D to maintain stable bus voltage; bus voltage control error: （10）； In the formula, This is the reference value for bus voltage. This is the actual voltage of the DC bus; Duty cycle adjustment law: （11）； In the formula, This is the proportional gain of the outer voltage loop PI. is the integral coefficient.

13. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 6, characterized in that, The AC load port is regulated as follows: Using SPWM or SVPWM modulation, the amplitude of the output AC voltage is controlled by the modulation ratio M, i.e., the PMW generates the ZVS signal: （12）； It also ensures the quality of output power and the stability of the load through a dual closed-loop system of voltage and current.

14. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 13, characterized in that, The modulation ratio M of the inverter can adjust the amplitude of the AC output voltage. The AC side voltage output is generated by the full-bridge inverter. （13）； In the formula, Modulation ratio; The energy balance constraints are as follows, and the three ports of the system satisfy the energy balance relationship: （14）； Output power to the battery port; This refers to the output power of the range extender port. Output power for the AC port; This refers to the system's power loss. Modulation ratio MMM is based on the output voltage error: （15）； Output quality is improved through dual closed-loop regulation of voltage and current. PI adjustment: （16）； In the formula, These are the proportional and integral coefficients of the AC voltage loop PI, respectively.

15. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power distribution and coordinated control among the high-voltage battery port, the range extender input port, and the AC load port are as follows: Real-time acquisition of information on battery, temperature, and load power change rate, based on a linear power allocation model: （17）； （18）； In the formula , , These are the coefficients of the linear allocation model, used to generate the reference power for the battery and range extender; Battery temperature; This represents the load change rate. By predicting the power trajectory in the future time domain, the objective function is constructed as follows: （19）； In the formula To optimize the objective function for power allocation, The power trajectory of the battery port at step k; Let the desired power reference be the battery port at step k; The power trajectory of the range extender port at step k; , These are non-negative weighting coefficients used to balance the relative importance of battery power tracking error and range extender power tracking error in the objective function; The constraints are satisfied: （20）； （21）； Under the premise of meeting the constraints, the optimal power allocation is obtained through the rolling optimization algorithm. This control structure has the advantages of strong real-time performance, adaptability to changes in operating conditions, and suppression of voltage fluctuations.

16. The optimization method for the three-port power distribution system of an on-board range extender based on cooperative control according to claim 13, characterized in that, ZVS conditions are as follows: （22）； In the formula, For the bridge arm inductor current, The dead time is used to constrain the switching behavior of the DAB full bridge and the matrix LLC full bridge. By ensuring that the bridge arm current can complete the charging and discharging of the leakage capacitance within the dead time after the switch is turned off, the zero-voltage turn-on of the full bridge switch is achieved to improve efficiency.

Images