An underwater tunnel early water leakage detection method, device and system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of underwater engineering, and particularly relates to a method, device and system for detecting early-stage water leakage of an underwater tunnel. The method comprises measuring and obtaining the weight of water droplets, recording the first time of the first water dripping of the concrete layer, obtaining an image of the wetted area and extracting the saturated diffusion area when water absorption is saturated, obtaining the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer and calculating the diffusion stop time, calculating the crack size parameters of the target underwater engineering waterproof layer cracking site according to the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area and diffusion stop time, continuously obtaining the weight of the water droplets gathered on the concrete layer, and recording the second time of the current water dripping after the first water dripping of the concrete layer when the weight of the water droplets is greater than a preset threshold. The present application can overcome the problems of invasiveness damage, low timeliness and poor environmental adaptability of the existing embedded test, significantly reduce the false positive rate, and effectively find early-stage water leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underwater engineering technology, and in particular to a method, device and system for early leakage detection in underwater tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing development and utilization of river, lake, and ocean resources, and the growing demand for water transportation, underwater engineering projects such as underwater tunnels, underwater houses, and underwater landscapes are constantly emerging. These underwater projects play a crucial role in promoting economic development, improving transportation conditions, and expanding human living space. However, during long-term use, the surfaces of these underwater projects that come into contact with water are prone to cracking, causing water leakage. This poses a significant safety hazard to underwater engineering projects. For example, underwater tunnels, as important transportation channels crossing waterways, are susceptible to seawater seepage once early cracks appear.

[0003] Therefore, research on early crack and leakage testing in underwater engineering is of paramount importance. It will help ensure the structural safety of underwater engineering projects, extend their service life, prevent safety accidents caused by cracks and leaks, and reduce casualties and property losses. Furthermore, by studying early cracks and leaks, more effective preventative or early repair measures can be developed, reducing maintenance costs and improving the economic efficiency of underwater engineering projects.

[0004] There are currently various methods for monitoring the health of underwater tunnels, and advanced monitoring technologies such as vision, radar, artificial intelligence, and big data have been proposed. (1) Visual monitoring method: Using an underwater robot equipped with a high-definition camera and supplementary lighting, the underwater engineering structure is visually inspected. The visual inspection method is highly intuitive, and the high-definition images can directly present the surface condition of the project, which is convenient for manual review and judgment. However, this method depends on water quality conditions. In turbid water with a lot of impurities, the image clarity will drop significantly, and the target may not be identified. Due to lighting limitations, the underwater light is weak, the coverage of the supplementary lighting is limited, and the shadow area is prone to forming a monitoring blind spot; (2) Radar monitoring method: The radar level gauge can measure the water level by emitting radar waves and receiving reflected waves without contacting the water surface. It can accurately capture water level changes and monitor the waterproof status of underwater projects, regardless of water turbidity, floating debris, etc. Radar detection is a non-contact monitoring method that does not require contact with the water surface or engineering structure, avoids equipment wear and corrosion, and has a long service life. It has strong environmental adaptability, ignores wind, rain, water flow, floating objects and other interferences, and can operate stably in harsh weather. However, radar detection cannot identify internal structural defects and can only indirectly judge the waterproofing status through water level changes, and cannot locate the specific location of leakage. Moreover, radar is susceptible to electromagnetic interference, and high-power electrical appliances or communication equipment in the vicinity may affect the radar wave signal, resulting in data deviation; (3) Monitoring method based on artificial intelligence and big data analyzes the collected underwater engineering image data through computer vision and deep learning algorithms to identify factors that may cause leakage, such as cracks, attitude deviations and deformations. At the same time, it uses deep learning models combined with data such as water pressure and tides to predict future water pressure changes. When the detection result exceeds the preset threshold, the early warning mechanism is immediately triggered. This method has a high degree of intelligence and can automatically analyze massive amounts of data to identify potential risks (such as predicting abnormal water pressure) and reduce manual intervention. It has predictive capabilities and can predict the risk of waterproofing failure in advance by modeling through historical data, achieving "early warning" rather than "post-event remediation". However, this method has high data requirements. In the early stage, a large amount of effective data needs to be accumulated to train the model, otherwise the prediction accuracy will be affected. The technical threshold is high, requiring a professional team to maintain the algorithm model and data system, and the later maintenance cost is high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method, device and system for early leakage detection of underwater tunnels, so as to solve the problems of invasive installation, easy influence of water environment on testing and difficult maintenance in the existing underwater tunnel health monitoring.

[0006] This invention discloses a method for detecting early leakage in underwater tunnels, comprising:

[0007] Collect water droplets that accumulate at the crack in the waterproof layer after the water absorbed by the concrete layer of the target underwater engineering is saturated, measure the weight of the water droplets, and record the first time when the concrete layer first drips water.

[0008] Obtain images of the wetted area in the concrete layer from the diffusion stage to the accumulation stage of the absorbed water, and extract the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated from the wetted area images;

[0009] The hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer are obtained, and the diffusion cessation time of the absorbed water in the concrete layer is calculated by combining the extracted saturated diffusion area.

[0010] Based on the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time, the crack size parameters at the rupture point of the waterproof layer of the target underwater engineering are calculated.

[0011] The weight of the water droplets accumulated in the concrete layer is continuously acquired, and after the weight of the water droplets exceeds a preset threshold, the second time from the first dripping of water in the concrete layer to the current dripping time is recorded.

[0012] The crack development time at the rupture point of the waterproof layer of the target underwater project is calculated based on the second time and the first time.

[0013] Optionally, extracting the saturated diffusion area when saturated with absorbed water from the image of the wetted area includes:

[0014] The acquired wetted area image is preprocessed, and the wetted area is identified and extracted from the preprocessed wetted area image based on an image segmentation algorithm;

[0015] Extract the connected components of the wetted area and calculate its pixel area. Convert the pixel area into the actual physical area according to the pre-calibration parameters to obtain the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated.

[0016] Optionally, obtaining the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer and calculating the diffusion cessation time of absorbed water in the concrete layer in conjunction with the extracted saturated diffusion area includes:

[0017] Obtain the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer, including porosity, thickness, and influent flow rate;

[0018] The diffusion cessation time of absorbed water in the concrete layer is calculated based on the obtained saturated diffusion area and hydraulic parameters. The functional expression for calculating the diffusion cessation time is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, The stopping time for water droplets to diffuse within the concrete layer. The porosity of the concrete layer. This represents the saturated diffusion area when the concrete layer is saturated with absorbed water. The thickness of the concrete layer, This represents the water inflow rate into the concrete layer.

[0021] Optionally, the step of calculating the crack size parameters at the rupture point of the target underwater engineering waterproofing layer based on the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time includes:

[0022] A critical condition equation for droplet detachment is established to relate the weight of the water droplet to the size of the crack in the waterproof layer. The functional expression of the critical condition equation for droplet detachment is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, The water droplet is subjected to a downward force of gravity. This represents the width of the crack in the waterproofing layer. The length of the crack in the waterproof layer. Let be the surface tension coefficient of the water droplet. The contact angle between the water droplet and the surface of the concrete layer;

[0025] A diffusion equation is established that relates the size of the crack in the waterproof layer, the saturated diffusion area, and the diffusion cessation time. The functional expression of the diffusion equation is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, This represents the saturated diffusion area when the concrete layer is saturated with absorbed water. Let be the diffusion coefficient of water droplets in the concrete layer. The stopping time for water droplets to diffuse within the concrete layer;

[0028] A system of equations is constructed by combining the critical condition equation for droplet detachment and the diffusion equation. The system of equations is then solved using the obtained droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time to obtain the crack size parameters at the rupture point of the waterproof layer of the target underwater engineering.

[0029] Optionally, the critical condition equation for water droplet detachment relating the water droplet weight to the crack size of the waterproof layer includes:

[0030] Based on mechanical equilibrium, the critical equilibrium condition for the water droplets within the concrete layer as they are about to fall is established. The functional expression for the critical equilibrium condition is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, This represents the vertical component of the surface tension of the concrete layer acting on the water droplet.

[0033] Based on stress analysis, a vertical force calculation equation is established to correlate the crack size of the waterproof layer with the vertical component of the surface tension of the concrete layer. The functional expression of the vertical force calculation equation is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] The critical condition equation for droplet detachment is obtained by transforming the vertical component force calculation equation based on the critical equilibrium condition.

[0036] The present invention also discloses a detection device that employs the above-described method for detecting early leakage in underwater tunnels. The detection device includes:

[0037] The water droplet measurement module is used to collect water droplets that accumulate at the cracks in the waterproof layer after the water in the concrete layer of the target underwater project has reached saturation, measure the weight of the water droplets, and record the first time when the concrete layer first drips water.

[0038] The image processing module is used to acquire images of the wetted area in the concrete layer from the diffusion stage to the accumulation stage of the absorbed water, and to extract the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated from the wetted area images.

[0039] The time calculation module is used to obtain the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer and calculate the diffusion cessation time of the absorbed water in the concrete layer in combination with the extracted saturated diffusion area.

[0040] The size calculation module is used to calculate the crack size parameters at the crack in the waterproof layer of the target underwater project based on the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area and diffusion stopping time.

[0041] The threshold judgment module is used to continuously acquire the weight of the water droplets gathered in the concrete layer, and after the weight of the water droplets is greater than a preset threshold, record the second time from the first dripping of water in the concrete layer to the current dripping time.

[0042] The crack severity determination module is used to calculate the crack development time at the crack location of the waterproof layer of the target underwater project based on the second time and the first time.

[0043] The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for early leakage detection of underwater tunnels.

[0044] The present invention also discloses a detection system applied to the above-mentioned method for early leakage detection in underwater tunnels, the detection system comprising:

[0045] A water droplet measuring component includes a water collection container and a gravity sensor. The water collection container is arranged below the concrete layer of an underwater project, and the gravity sensor is located at the bottom of the water collection container. The gravity sensor has a built-in timer for measuring the weight of the water droplets in the water collection container and recording the dripping time.

[0046] A visual imaging component includes an image acquisition unit and a pose adjuster. The image acquisition unit is arranged below the water collection container, and the pose adjuster is connected to the image acquisition unit to drive the image acquisition unit to perform linear displacement in the vertical direction.

[0047] The adjustment assembly includes a first lateral telescopic mechanism, a second lateral telescopic mechanism, and a slide rail. The first lateral telescopic mechanism is connected to the water collection container and is used to drive the water collection container to make linear displacement in the horizontal direction. The second lateral telescopic mechanism is connected to the slide rail, which is vertically arranged. The image acquisition device is slidably arranged on the slide rail, and the pose adjuster is fixed on the slide rail.

[0048] The water drainage assembly includes a first water drainage valve disposed on the water collection container, the first water drainage valve being electrically connected to the image acquisition unit;

[0049] The lower surface of the concrete is provided with multiple detection systems, which are arranged in an array.

[0050] Optionally, the detection device further includes a base frame, which is installed below the concrete layer of the underwater project and has a closed detection chamber inside.

[0051] The detection chamber is divided into an upper collecting chamber and a lower integrated chamber. The cross-sectional area of ​​the collecting chamber is larger than that of the integrated chamber, and the top of the collecting chamber is an open structure that is close to the lower surface of the concrete layer. The water droplet measuring component, the visual imaging component, the adjustment component, and the drainage component are all integrated in the integrated chamber.

[0052] Optionally, one of the connecting sides of the integrated chamber and the collecting chamber constitutes a confluence side. The first lateral telescopic mechanism is fixed on the inner wall of the integrated chamber away from the confluence side. When the first lateral telescopic mechanism extends laterally, the water collection container is located directly below the confluence side. The second lateral telescopic mechanism is fixed on the inner wall of the integrated chamber on the confluence side. When the second lateral telescopic mechanism retracts laterally, the image acquisition device is located directly below the confluence side.

[0053] The bottom of the integrated chamber is provided with a first drain outlet and a second drain outlet. The first drain outlet is located directly below the confluence side, and a second drain valve is provided on the first drain outlet. The second drain outlet corresponds to the water collection container when the first lateral telescopic mechanism is laterally contracted, and a third drain valve is provided on the second drain outlet.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the underwater tunnel early leakage detection method, device and system provided in the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0055] By collecting the weight of water droplets that accumulate in the concrete layer of the target underwater engineering after saturation and recording the time of the first drip, and combining this with the saturated diffusion area extracted from the image of the wetted area and the diffusion cessation time calculated from hydraulic parameters, the crack size parameters at the rupture point of the waterproof layer can be calculated accurately and non-invasively. By continuously monitoring the weight of water droplets and recording the second time from the first drip to the current drip, the crack development time can be further obtained, thereby achieving real-time, high-precision detection of early leakage in underwater tunnels. This effectively overcomes the problems of invasiveness, low timeliness, and poor environmental adaptability of existing embedded testing, significantly reducing the false alarm rate and ensuring the structural safety and service life of underwater engineering projects. Attached Figure Description

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0057] Figure 1 A schematic block diagram illustrating the steps of an underwater tunnel early leakage detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a conventional underwater engineering project;

[0059] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the state of water droplet collection and measurement using the detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the state of image acquisition of the wetted area by the detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of the detection device for severe water seepage in concrete layers provided in an embodiment of the present invention, showing the process of draining water.

[0062] The markings in the attached diagram are as follows:

[0063] 1. Water droplet measurement component; 11. Water collection container; 12. Gravity sensor; 2. Visual imaging component; 21. Image acquisition device; 3. Adjustment component; 31. First lateral telescopic mechanism; 32. Second lateral telescopic mechanism; 4. Drainage component; 41. First drain valve; 42. Second drain valve; 43. Third drain valve; 5. Base frame; 51. Collection chamber; 52. Integrated chamber; 521. First drain outlet; 522. Second drain outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0064] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0065] This invention discloses a method for detecting early leakage in underwater tunnels, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0066] S1. Collect water droplets that accumulate at the crack in the waterproof layer after the water absorbed in the concrete layer of the target underwater engineering is saturated, measure the weight of the water droplets, and record the first time when the concrete layer drips water for the first time.

[0067] S2. Obtain images of the wetted area in the concrete layer from the diffusion stage to the accumulation stage of the absorbed water, and extract the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated from the wetted area images.

[0068] S3. Obtain the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer and calculate the diffusion cessation time of absorbed water in the concrete layer by combining the extracted saturated diffusion area.

[0069] S4. Based on the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time, calculate and obtain the crack size parameters at the crack in the waterproof layer of the target underwater project.

[0070] S5. Continuously acquire the weight of water droplets accumulated in the concrete layer, and after the weight of the water droplets exceeds a preset threshold, record the second time from the first dripping of water to the current dripping time in the concrete layer.

[0071] S6. Calculate the crack development time at the rupture point of the waterproof layer of the target underwater project based on the second time and the first time.

[0072] Through the implementation of the above-described method for early leakage detection in underwater tunnels, firstly, by collecting the weight of water droplets and recording the first moment, early signs of leakage after the waterproof layer ruptures can be accurately captured, providing timely warnings and preventing safety accidents caused by overlooking minor cracks. Secondly, by acquiring images of the wetted area and extracting the saturated diffusion area, non-contact measurement using imaging such as CCD avoids the invasive damage of traditional embedded sensors, ensuring environmental adaptability and measurement reliability. Simultaneously, image processing technology is used to accurately calculate the saturated diffusion area, providing basic data for subsequent calculations. Furthermore, by acquiring the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer and calculating the diffusion cessation time based on the saturated diffusion area, and utilizing known constant parameters such as diffusion coefficient and porosity, rapid and accurate time estimation is achieved, overcoming the shortcomings of low timeliness and improving monitoring efficiency.

[0073] Then, by simultaneously solving the crack size parameters based on the water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time, the length and width of the crack can be quantitatively determined, providing a concrete basis for formulating repair measures, reducing maintenance costs, and improving economic efficiency. Continuously acquiring the water droplet weight and recording a second time when the water droplet weight exceeds a preset threshold (3 times the water droplet weight) allows the system to dynamically monitor crack development and automatically trigger protection mechanisms to ensure device safety. Simultaneously, by calculating the crack development time, a complete timeline from early micro-leakage to severe leakage is provided, aiding in assessing structural health and predicting service life. Therefore, the detection method of this invention, by integrating gravity sensing and image processing, achieves comprehensive and automated monitoring of cracks in the waterproofing layer of underwater engineering projects, significantly reducing the risk of personnel casualties and property damage, extending the service life of the project, and providing an efficient and economical solution for the health management of critical infrastructure such as underwater tunnels.

[0074] Furthermore, the saturation diffusion area at which the absorbed water reaches saturation is extracted from the image of the wetted area, including:

[0075] The acquired wetted area image is preprocessed, and the wetted area is identified and extracted from the preprocessed wetted area image based on the image segmentation algorithm;

[0076] Extract the connected components of the wetted region and calculate its pixel area. Based on the pre-calibration parameters, convert the pixel area into the actual physical area to obtain the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated.

[0077] Furthermore, the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer are obtained, and the diffusion cessation time of absorbed water in the concrete layer is calculated by combining the extracted saturated diffusion area, including:

[0078] Obtain the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer, including porosity, thickness, and influent flow rate;

[0079] The diffusion cessation time of absorbed water in the concrete layer is calculated based on the obtained saturated diffusion area and hydraulic parameters. The functional expression for calculating the diffusion cessation time is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, The stopping time for water droplets to diffuse within the concrete layer. The porosity of the concrete layer. This represents the saturated diffusion area when the concrete layer is saturated with absorbed water. The thickness of the concrete layer, This represents the water inflow rate into the concrete layer.

[0082] Through the implementation of the above-described method for early leakage detection in underwater tunnels, the accuracy and reliability of obtaining the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated are significantly improved by automatically identifying and extracting the wetted area based on image preprocessing and segmentation algorithms. By converting the pixel area into the actual physical area, the subjective error of traditional manual interpretation is effectively eliminated, and the precise quantification of the water diffusion range is achieved, laying a solid foundation for subsequent hydraulic calculations.

[0083] Furthermore, by constructing a diffusion dynamics model and coupling calculations with hydraulic parameters such as porosity, thickness, and influent flow rate, the theoretical derivation and accurate prediction of diffusion cessation time were achieved, elevating the characterization of water diffusion in concrete layers from qualitative observation to quantitative analysis. The nonlinear relationship established based on porous media permeation theory revealed the termination law of water diffusion, deepening the understanding of water flow dynamics within concrete and providing a scientific basis for assessing the degree of waterproofing layer rupture. Standardized image processing workflows ensure a high degree of objectivity and repeatability in the technical chain from visual perception to physical quantity conversion, while the hydraulic parameter calibration system guarantees the universality of model application, providing strong technical support for the accurate identification of early-stage cracks and safety warnings in underwater engineering.

[0084] Furthermore, based on the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time, the crack size parameters at the rupture point of the target underwater engineering waterproofing layer are calculated, including:

[0085] A critical condition equation for droplet detachment is established to relate the weight of the water droplet to the size of the crack in the waterproof layer. The functional expression of the critical condition equation for droplet detachment is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, The water droplet is subjected to a downward force of gravity. This represents the width of the crack in the waterproofing layer. The length of the crack in the waterproof layer. Let be the surface tension coefficient of the water droplet. The contact angle between the water droplet and the surface of the concrete layer;

[0088] A diffusion equation relating the crack size of the waterproof layer, the saturated diffusion area, and the diffusion cessation time is established. The functional expression of the diffusion equation is as follows:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, This represents the saturated diffusion area when the concrete layer is saturated with absorbed water. Let be the diffusion coefficient of water droplets in the concrete layer. The stopping time for water droplets to diffuse within the concrete layer;

[0091] A set of equations was constructed by simultaneously establishing the critical condition equation for droplet detachment and the diffusion equation. The set of equations was then solved using the obtained droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time to obtain the crack size parameters at the rupture point of the waterproof layer of the target underwater engineering.

[0092] Furthermore, a critical condition equation for water droplet detachment is established, relating the weight of the water droplet to the size of the crack in the waterproofing layer, including:

[0093] Based on mechanical equilibrium, the critical equilibrium condition for water droplets about to fall within the concrete layer is established. The functional expression for the critical equilibrium condition is:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, This represents the vertical component of the surface tension of the concrete layer acting on the water droplet.

[0096] Based on stress analysis, a vertical force calculation equation is established to correlate the crack size of the waterproof layer with the vertical component of the surface tension of the concrete layer. The functional expression of the vertical force calculation equation is as follows:

[0097]

[0098] The equation for calculating the vertical component force is transformed based on the critical equilibrium condition to obtain the equation for the critical condition for the water droplet to escape.

[0099] Through the implementation of the above-described method for early leakage detection in underwater tunnels, a critical equilibrium condition for water droplets about to fall within the concrete layer is established based on mechanical equilibrium. Furthermore, the calculation equation for the vertical force component is derived, ultimately forming the critical condition equation for water droplet detachment. This process directly correlates the weight of the water droplet with key physical quantities such as the width, length, surface tension coefficient, and contact angle of the crack in the waterproof layer. It accurately characterizes the critical state of water droplet detachment from the perspective of force equilibrium, providing a reliable physical basis for inverting crack dimensions and avoiding the subjectivity of traditional empirical formulas.

[0100] Secondly, a diffusion equation is established that dynamically couples the crack size, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion stopping time in the waterproof layer through the diffusion coefficient, comprehensively describing the entire process of absorbed water diffusion to saturation in the concrete layer. Based on the seepage theory of porous media, this equation fully considers the influence of material properties such as porosity and thickness on water transport, making the calculation results more reflective of actual engineering conditions and improving the accuracy of predictions. A system of equations is constructed by simultaneously establishing the critical condition equation for water droplet detachment and the diffusion equation, and then solved using the acquired water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion stopping time. This integrates multi-source data from gravity sensing and image processing, and the complementarity between equations eliminates the potential error accumulation that might exist in a single model. For example, the water droplet weight directly reflects the water outflow dynamics at the crack, while the saturated diffusion area captures the lateral expansion range of water; the combination of these two ensures a more comprehensive and stable solution for crack width and length.

[0101] From a theoretical and logical perspective, starting from the continuous physical events of water droplet formation, diffusion, and detachment, a closed loop is formed through equation establishment and solution. This not only enhances the repeatability and objectivity of the calculations but also reduces reliance on human intervention, achieving automated monitoring and effectively addressing the problems of poor real-time performance and high false alarm rates in existing technologies. Furthermore, the derivation based on critical equilibrium conditions ensures the applicability of the equations in scenarios with micro-cracks. Even for early-stage micro-leakage, it can sensitively capture crack size changes through minute variations in water droplet weight. The introduction of diffusion cessation time in the diffusion equation fully considers the time dimension, facilitating dynamic tracking of crack development. This significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring, laying a solid foundation for preventing safety accidents and optimizing maintenance strategies.

[0102] In summary, the testing principle of the underwater tunnel early leakage detection method provided in the embodiments of the present invention is further explained as follows:

[0103] Underwater engineering structures typically include... Figure 2 As shown, assuming the thicknesses of the water layer, waterproof layer, and concrete layer are f, p, and h respectively, then f > p > h. Let the crack width at the point of rupture in the waterproof layer be... The length is Typically, cracks appear in the waterproofing layer due to corrosion or damage. Water first penetrates the waterproofing layer and enters the concrete layer. The concrete layer absorbs the water, and the absorbed water spreads over its surface area. Once the surface becomes saturated, it stops spreading and gradually accumulates at the crack, forming water droplets that fall down. If we set the time when the waterproofing layer just cracks as t=0, the diffusion area and the time until water droplets form are... If the area of ​​the concrete is equal to the area of ​​the water body, both being s, then... Much smaller than s.

[0104] Concrete is a homogeneous material, and all relevant parameters of concrete are constants: the two-dimensional diffusion coefficient of water is used... In this context, D is a constant; porosity is represented by n, which is dimensionless and represents the volume fraction of water that can be absorbed per unit volume of concrete; the surface tension of water is expressed as... The contact angle between water and the concrete surface is indicated by... The inflow rate is defined as the amount of water that enters the concrete through the damaged section of the waterproofing layer per unit time. (Determined by head difference and damaged area). Diffusion coefficient, porosity, and surface tension are determined by the properties of concrete and water. Since the concrete used in the project is specific, these parameters can be considered known parameters.

[0105] Firstly, the transport of water in concrete is divided into a diffusion stage (water is absorbed and diffused) and an aggregation stage (water aggregates to form droplets after the concrete is saturated).

[0106] When t=0, water flows through the area of ​​the rupture. Entering concrete, spreading area Moisture diffuses horizontally (perpendicular to the thickness) within the concrete. Due to the homogeneity of the concrete, the diffusion is approximately two-dimensional and isotropic. Since the thickness of the waterproofing layer is much smaller than the height of the water layer and the thickness of the concrete layer, it can be assumed that water begins to diffuse into the concrete layer instantaneously after a crack appears in the waterproofing layer. The distance of the diffusion front increases over time, satisfying Fick's second law, and the diffusion length... .

[0107] Diffusion stops when the concrete becomes saturated with absorbent material; at this point, the saturated diffusion area (maximum diffusion area) is: At saturation, the total water absorption is equal to the pore volume of that region. Thus, the diffusion stopping time can be solved. .

[0108] After diffusion ceases, the water that has entered is no longer absorbed by the concrete and begins to accumulate, gradually forming droplets on the lower surface of the concrete layer. The droplets fall when gravity exceeds the constraint force of surface tension. The critical condition for droplet fall is that gravity and the vertical component of the surface tension at the water-concrete interface are in equilibrium; that is, the weight of the droplet, G, equals the vertical component of the surface tension. .

[0109] By measuring the mass m of a water droplet using a gravity sensor, the weight of the water droplet can be obtained. Furthermore, based on the vertical force calculation equation, the critical condition equation for the water droplet's detachment is derived: This derivation formula only contains... and The parameters need to be solved. The surface of the wetted area is captured by CCD imaging, and the saturated diffusion area is obtained through image processing and calculation. Substituting this into the formula for calculating the diffusion stopping time, the diffusion stopping time can be obtained. , saturate diffusion area and expansion The length of the crack can be determined by simultaneously solving the diffusion equation and the critical condition equation for droplet detachment. Hekuan That is, the size of the crack.

[0110] The present invention also discloses a detection device that employs the above-described method for detecting early leakage in underwater tunnels. The detection device includes:

[0111] The water droplet measurement module is used to collect water droplets that accumulate at the cracks in the waterproof layer after the concrete layer of the target underwater project has absorbed water and become saturated. The weight of the water droplets is measured and the first time the concrete layer drips water is recorded.

[0112] The image processing module is used to acquire images of the wetted area in the concrete layer from the diffusion stage to the accumulation stage of the absorbed water, and to extract the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated from the wetted area image.

[0113] The time calculation module is used to obtain the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer and calculate the diffusion cessation time of the absorbed water in the concrete layer in combination with the extracted saturated diffusion area.

[0114] The size calculation module is used to calculate the crack size parameters at the crack in the waterproof layer of the target underwater project based on the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area and diffusion cessation time;

[0115] The threshold judgment module is used to continuously acquire the weight of water droplets accumulated in the concrete layer, and record the second time from the first dripping of water to the current dripping after the weight of the water droplets exceeds the preset threshold.

[0116] The crack severity determination module is used to calculate the crack development time at the crack location of the waterproof layer of the target underwater project based on the second and first times.

[0117] The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for early leakage detection in underwater tunnels.

[0118] The present invention also discloses a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above-mentioned method for early leakage detection of underwater tunnels.

[0119] This invention is described based on flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to specific embodiments. It should be understood that each block of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device, generate instructions for implementing the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0120] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0121] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0122] The present invention also discloses a detection system, such as Figures 2-4 As shown, the detection system applied to the above-mentioned early leakage detection method for underwater tunnels includes:

[0123] The water droplet measuring component 1 includes a water collection container 11 and a gravity sensor 12. The water collection container 11 is arranged below the concrete layer of the underwater project, and the gravity sensor 12 is set at the bottom of the water collection container 11. The gravity sensor 12 has a built-in timer for measuring the weight of the water droplets in the water collection container 11 and recording the dripping time.

[0124] The visual imaging component 2 includes an image acquisition unit 21 and a pose adjuster. The image acquisition unit 21 is arranged below the water collection container 11, and the pose adjuster is connected to the image acquisition unit 21 to drive the image acquisition unit 21 to perform linear displacement in the vertical direction.

[0125] The adjustment component 3 includes a first lateral telescopic mechanism 31, a second lateral telescopic mechanism 32, and a slide rail. The first lateral telescopic mechanism 31 is connected to the water collection container 11 and is used to drive the water collection container 11 to make linear displacement in the horizontal direction. The second lateral telescopic mechanism 32 is connected to the slide rail, which is set vertically. The image acquisition device 21 is slidably set on the slide rail, and the pose adjuster is fixed on the slide rail.

[0126] The drainage component 4 includes a first drainage valve 41 disposed on the water collection container 11, and the first drainage valve 41 is electrically connected to the image acquisition device 21.

[0127] Multiple detection systems are installed on the lower surface of the concrete, and these systems are arranged in an array.

[0128] Through the implementation of the above-described detection system embodiment, the water droplet measurement component 1 collects water droplets gathered below the concrete layer using the water collection container 11 and accurately measures their weight using the gravity sensor 12. Simultaneously, a built-in timer automatically records the dripping time, ensuring the synchronicity and objectivity of weight and time data acquisition. This provides accurate and reliable raw data for subsequent analysis, effectively avoiding errors and delays that may occur with manual recording. The visual imaging component 2 acquires images of the wetted area through the image acquisition unit 21, and is driven by a pose adjuster to perform linear displacement along the vertical direction. This allows the image acquisition unit 21 to flexibly adjust the shooting distance and angle, thereby always ensuring the acquisition of clear and complete images of the diffusion area, providing a crucial guarantee for accurately extracting the saturated diffusion area.

[0129] The adjustment component 3 drives the water collection container 11 to move horizontally through the first horizontal telescopic mechanism 31, and the second horizontal telescopic mechanism 32 cooperates with the slide rail to drive the image acquisition device 21 to slide vertically. This enables the independent or linked position adjustment of the water collection container 11 and the image acquisition device 21 in the horizontal and vertical directions. This flexible layout capability allows the system to quickly and accurately target the leakage points in different locations, adapt to complex and ever-changing engineering environments, and ensure comprehensive and blind-spot-free monitoring.

[0130] As described above, the first lateral telescopic mechanism 31 is used to drive the water collection container 11 to move linearly in the horizontal direction. Its structure can preferably be a linear module or an electric push rod mechanism. Such mechanisms are driven by servo motors or stepper motors, and convert rotary motion into linear motion through ball screws or synchronous belt transmission. They have high positioning accuracy and programmable control characteristics, and are easy to integrate with the system's timer and triggering mechanism to achieve accurate contraction and reset of the water collection container after dripping measurement. The second lateral telescopic mechanism 32 is used to connect with the slide rail and drive the image acquisition device 21 to move linearly in the vertical direction. It also involves horizontal adjustment. Its structure can preferably be a combined linear guide system, such as using a slider-guide pair with ball screws or cylinders for driving. The slide rail is set vertically to support the up and down movement of the image acquisition device, while the mechanism itself can integrate a small servo motor or pneumatic component to achieve left and right extension and retraction, ensuring that the image acquisition device can quickly locate the optimal field of view when capturing images of the wetted area.

[0131] The drainage component 4, through a first drainage valve 41 installed on the water collection container 11 and electrically connected to the image acquisition unit 21, enables the automatic drainage function of the water collection container 11 after a measurement is completed. This effectively prevents water accumulation in the container from interfering with subsequent water droplet weight measurements, ensuring the accuracy of data during continuous monitoring and the long-term stable operation of the system. Therefore, the detection system of this embodiment integrates water droplet measurement, visual imaging, position adjustment, and automatic drainage functions to construct an automated, non-invasive detection system, significantly improving the real-time performance, accuracy, and reliability of monitoring, and providing strong technical support for the safety of underwater engineering structures.

[0132] Finally, by arraying multiple detection systems on the lower surface of the concrete, a comprehensive distributed monitoring network was constructed. This layout enables simultaneous monitoring of a large area, accurately locating multiple potential or existing waterproofing layer cracks. This significantly improves the spatial resolution and system reliability of early-stage leakage detection in underwater engineering, providing a solid data foundation for a comprehensive assessment of structural health. Specifically, when testing is not a point but a surface, arranging the detection system structures in an array beneath the concrete layer and numbering them by row and column not only allows for the detection of crack size and water ingress time, but also enables the determination of leak locations through the row and column numbers of the test array structures.

[0133] Furthermore, the detection system also includes a base frame 5, which is installed below the concrete layer of the underwater project and has a closed detection chamber inside.

[0134] The detection chamber is divided into an upper collection chamber 51 and a lower integrated chamber 52. The cross-sectional area of ​​the collection chamber 51 is larger than that of the integrated chamber 52, and the top of the collection chamber 51 is an open structure that is close to the lower surface of the concrete layer. The water droplet measurement component 1, the visual imaging component 2, the adjustment component 3, and the drainage component 4 are all integrated in the integrated chamber 52.

[0135] Furthermore, one of the connecting sides of the integrated chamber 52 and the collecting chamber 51 constitutes the confluence side. The first lateral telescopic mechanism 31 is fixed on the inner wall of the integrated chamber 52 away from the confluence side. When the first lateral telescopic mechanism 31 extends laterally, the water collection container 11 is located directly below the confluence side. The second lateral telescopic mechanism 32 is fixed on the inner wall of the integrated chamber 52 on the confluence side. When the second lateral telescopic mechanism 32 retracts laterally, the image acquisition device 21 is located directly below the confluence side.

[0136] The bottom of the integrated chamber 52 is provided with a first drain port 521 and a second drain port 522. The first drain port 521 is located directly below the confluence side, and a second drain valve 42 is provided on the first drain port 521. The second drain port 522 corresponds to the water collection container 11 when the first lateral telescopic mechanism 31 is laterally contracted, and a third drain valve 43 is provided on the second drain port 522.

[0137] Through the implementation of the above-described detection system embodiment, a closed detection chamber is first formed inside the base frame 5, and the chamber is clearly divided into an upper collection chamber 51 and a lower integrated chamber 52 to effectively achieve precise division of functional areas. For example, the collection chamber 51, with its open structure with its top close to the lower surface of the concrete layer and a cross-sectional area larger than that of the integrated chamber 52, can efficiently collect water droplets seeping from cracks, ensuring concentrated dripping and creating ideal conditions for subsequent measurements. At the same time, the lower integrated chamber 52 highly integrates the water droplet measurement component 1, the visual imaging component 2, the adjustment component 3, and the drainage component 4, realizing centralized management and protection of core components and enhancing the system's integrity and environmental adaptability.

[0138] Furthermore, by designing one side of the integrated chamber 52 and the collecting chamber 51 as the confluence side, and by rationally planning the installation position and movement trajectory of the first lateral telescopic mechanism 31 and the second lateral telescopic mechanism 32, it is ensured that the water collection container 11 and the image acquisition device 21 can move precisely to directly below the confluence side under specific working conditions. This layout optimizes the collaborative workflow of water droplet collection and image acquisition, avoids motion interference between components, and improves positioning accuracy and action efficiency.

[0139] The bottom of the water collection container 11 is provided with a first drain outlet 521 and a second drain outlet 522, and is equipped with a second drain valve 42 and a third drain valve 43 respectively. The position of the drain outlets strictly corresponds to the position of the confluence side and the orientation of the water collection container 11, so as to realize the classification, direction and controllable discharge of water from different sources (such as direct dripping water and possible environmental seepage), effectively preventing cross-contamination and mismeasurement, ensuring the purity and accuracy of water droplet weight data, and the automated drainage mechanism reduces the dependence on manual maintenance.

[0140] As described above, the specific operating steps are as follows:

[0141] like Figure 3 As stated, at the measurement location, according to Figure 3 Install the detection system, ensuring that the water collection container 11, the image acquisition device 21, and the dashed line are coaxial;

[0142] Water droplets formed on the lower surface of the concrete layer fall into the water collection container 11, and the weight of the water droplets is measured by the gravity sensor 12 and recorded as G, and the first time is recorded. ;

[0143] like Figure 4 As shown, the first lateral telescopic mechanism 31 is triggered to retract, causing the water collection container 11 to retract horizontally to the right. The image acquisition device 21 is then adjusted by the pose adjuster to move vertically upwards. When it reaches the upper stop position, the field of view of the image acquisition device 21 (such as a CCD) is greater than or equal to the wetted area, allowing the image acquisition device 21 to clearly and comprehensively capture an image of the wetted area on the bottom surface of the concrete layer, thus obtaining the saturated diffusion area. ;

[0144] Triggering the first drain valve 41 and the third drain valve 43 sequentially drains the water from the water collection container 11 and the integrated chamber 52. Triggering the first lateral telescopic mechanism 31 and the posture adjuster again restores the measurement system to its original state. Figure 3 ;

[0145] Repeating the above steps will cause the cracks to widen over time, leading to more severe leakage. When the gravity sensor 12 measures that the weight of the water in the collection container 11 is greater than three times the weight of the water droplets, it indicates that the cracks in the waterproof layer have enlarged and the seepage has become serious. Figure 5 As shown, at this time, the first lateral telescopic mechanism 31 and the second lateral telescopic mechanism 32 are triggered, moving the water collection container 11 and the image acquisition device 21 to the right. Simultaneously, the second drain valve 42 is triggered, preparing to directly drain water through the first drain port 521 located directly below the water droplet to protect the detection system and record the second time. ;

[0146] Based on the first recorded saturated diffusion area The diffusion stopping time was calculated. This refers to the time from the appearance of the crack to the early occurrence of water leakage.

[0147] Based on diffusion cessation time The length of the crack was obtained by calculating the weight G of the water droplet recorded in the first test. Hekuan The value of is used to determine the size of the crack.

[0148] Calculate the second time and the first time The difference in value indicates the time it takes for a crack to develop from a minor leak to a major leak.

[0149] Therefore, the present invention provides a method, device, and system for early leakage detection in underwater tunnels. This method utilizes parameters such as the water immersion condition of the inner wall of the engineering structure and the weight of dripping water to determine the direction, size, and timing of crack formation and development in the waterproofing layer. This avoids the influence of the water environment (such as wind, rain, water flow, floating debris, and turbidity) on the test results. Furthermore, since it is fixed to the inside of the building, the erosion of the testing system by water need not be considered during the entire testing process. The detection device used in this method has a simple structure and is easily modularized.

[0150] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and all such modifications and substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting early leakage in underwater tunnels, characterized in that, The method for early leakage detection of underwater tunnels includes: Collect water droplets that have accumulated after the water has diffused to saturation in the concrete layer of the target underwater engineering, measure the weight of the water droplets, and record the first time when the concrete layer first drips water. Obtain an image of the wetted area in the concrete layer during the accumulation stage of absorbed water, and extract the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated from the wetted area image; The hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer are obtained, and the diffusion cessation time of the absorbed water in the concrete layer is calculated by combining the extracted saturated diffusion area. Based on the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time, the crack size parameters at the rupture point of the waterproof layer of the target underwater engineering are calculated. The weight of the water droplets accumulated in the concrete layer is continuously acquired, and after the weight of the water droplets meets a preset threshold range, the second time from the first dripping of water in the concrete layer to the current dripping time is recorded. The crack development time at the rupture point of the waterproof layer of the target underwater project is calculated based on the second time and the first time. The process of obtaining the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer and calculating the diffusion cessation time of absorbed water in the concrete layer in conjunction with the extracted saturated diffusion area includes: Obtain the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer, including porosity, thickness, and influent flow rate; The diffusion cessation time of absorbed water in the concrete layer is calculated based on the obtained saturated diffusion area and hydraulic parameters. The functional expression for calculating the diffusion cessation time is as follows: In the formula, The stopping time for water droplets to diffuse within the concrete layer. The porosity of the concrete layer. This represents the saturated diffusion area when the concrete layer is saturated with absorbed water. The thickness of the concrete layer, This refers to the water inflow rate into the concrete layer. Based on the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time, the crack size parameters at the rupture point of the target underwater engineering waterproofing layer are calculated, including: A critical condition equation for droplet detachment is established to relate the weight of the water droplet to the size of the crack in the waterproof layer. The functional expression of the critical condition equation for droplet detachment is as follows: In the formula, The water droplet is subjected to a downward force of gravity. This represents the width of the crack in the waterproofing layer. The length of the crack in the waterproof layer. Let be the surface tension coefficient of the water droplet. The contact angle between the water droplet and the surface of the concrete layer; A diffusion equation is established that relates the size of the crack in the waterproof layer, the saturated diffusion area, and the diffusion cessation time. The functional expression of the diffusion equation is as follows: In the formula, The diffusion coefficient of water droplets in the concrete layer; A system of equations is constructed by combining the critical condition equation for droplet detachment and the diffusion equation. The system of equations is then solved using the obtained droplet weight, saturated diffusion area, and diffusion cessation time to obtain the crack size parameters at the rupture point of the waterproof layer of the target underwater engineering.

2. The method for detecting early leakage in underwater tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extracting the saturated diffusion area from the image of the wetted area when saturated with absorbed water includes: The acquired wetted area image is preprocessed, and the wetted area is identified and extracted from the preprocessed wetted area image based on an image segmentation algorithm; Extract the connected components of the wetted area and calculate its pixel area. Convert the pixel area into the actual physical area according to the pre-calibration parameters to obtain the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated.

3. The method for detecting early leakage in underwater tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The critical condition equation for water droplet detachment, which establishes the relationship between the weight of the water droplet and the size of the crack in the waterproof layer, includes: Based on mechanical equilibrium, the critical equilibrium condition for the water droplets within the concrete layer as they are about to fall is established. The functional expression for the critical equilibrium condition is as follows: In the formula, This represents the vertical component of the surface tension of the concrete layer acting on the water droplet. Based on stress analysis, a vertical force calculation equation is established to correlate the crack size of the waterproof layer with the vertical component of the surface tension of the concrete layer. The functional expression of the vertical force calculation equation is as follows: The critical condition equation for droplet detachment is obtained by transforming the vertical component force calculation equation based on the critical equilibrium condition.

4. A detection device, employing the underwater tunnel early leakage detection method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The detection device includes: The water droplet measurement module is used to collect water droplets that accumulate at the cracks in the waterproof layer after the water in the concrete layer of the target underwater project has reached saturation, measure the weight of the water droplets, and record the first time when the concrete layer first drips water. The image processing module is used to acquire images of the wetted area in the concrete layer from the diffusion stage to the accumulation stage of the absorbed water, and to extract the saturated diffusion area when the absorbed water is saturated from the wetted area images. The time calculation module is used to obtain the hydraulic parameters of the concrete layer and calculate the diffusion cessation time of the absorbed water in the concrete layer in combination with the extracted saturated diffusion area. The size calculation module is used to calculate the crack size parameters at the crack in the waterproof layer of the target underwater project based on the obtained water droplet weight, saturated diffusion area and diffusion stopping time. The threshold judgment module is used to continuously acquire the weight of the water droplets gathered in the concrete layer, and after the weight of the water droplets is greater than a preset threshold, record the second time from the first dripping of water in the concrete layer to the current dripping time. The crack severity determination module is used to calculate the crack development time at the crack location of the waterproof layer of the target underwater project based on the second time and the first time.

5. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the underwater tunnel early leakage detection method according to any one of claims 1-3.

6. A detection system applied to the underwater tunnel early leakage detection method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The detection system includes: A water droplet measuring component includes a water collection container and a gravity sensor. The water collection container is arranged below the concrete layer of an underwater project, and the gravity sensor is located at the bottom of the water collection container. The gravity sensor has a built-in timer for measuring the weight of the water droplets in the water collection container and recording the dripping time. A visual imaging component includes an image acquisition unit and a pose adjuster. The image acquisition unit is arranged below the water collection container, and the pose adjuster is connected to the image acquisition unit to drive the image acquisition unit to perform linear displacement in the vertical direction. The adjustment assembly includes a first lateral telescopic mechanism, a second lateral telescopic mechanism, and a slide rail. The first lateral telescopic mechanism is connected to the water collection container and is used to drive the water collection container to make linear displacement in the horizontal direction. The second lateral telescopic mechanism is connected to the slide rail, which is vertically arranged. The image acquisition device is slidably arranged on the slide rail, and the pose adjuster is fixed on the slide rail. The water drainage assembly includes a first water drainage valve disposed on the water collection container, the first water drainage valve being electrically connected to the image acquisition unit; The lower surface of the concrete is provided with multiple detection systems, which are arranged in an array.

7. The detection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The detection system also includes a base frame, which is installed below the concrete layer of the underwater project and forms a closed detection chamber inside. The detection chamber is divided into an upper collecting chamber and a lower integrated chamber. The cross-sectional area of ​​the collecting chamber is larger than that of the integrated chamber, and the top of the collecting chamber is an open structure that is close to the lower surface of the concrete layer. The water droplet measuring component, the visual imaging component, the adjustment component, and the drainage component are all integrated in the integrated chamber.

8. The detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that: One of the connecting sides of the integrated chamber and the collecting chamber constitutes the confluence side. The first lateral telescopic mechanism is fixed on the inner wall of the integrated chamber away from the confluence side. When the first lateral telescopic mechanism extends laterally, the water collection container is located directly below the confluence side. The second lateral telescopic mechanism is fixed on the inner wall of the integrated chamber on the confluence side. When the second lateral telescopic mechanism retracts laterally, the image acquisition device is located directly below the confluence side. The bottom of the integrated chamber is provided with a first drain outlet and a second drain outlet. The first drain outlet is located directly below the confluence side, and a second drain valve is provided on the first drain outlet. The second drain outlet corresponds to the water collection container when the first lateral telescopic mechanism is laterally contracted, and a third drain valve is provided on the second drain outlet.

Images