Coarse and fine tailing grading and stockpiling device and method based on midline method damming

Abstract

The invention discloses a coarse and fine tailing grading and stockpiling device based on midline method damming and a method thereof. The device comprises a cyclone and a pressure regulator. The feeding end of the cyclone is connected with a tailing feeding system, tailings are classified into coarse tailings particles and fine tailings particles, the coarse tailings particles are discharged below the axis of the dam body through a first discharging opening to form a sand setting area, and the fine tailings particles are discharged through a second discharging opening; the pressure regulator is of a hollow structure, an overflow weir is arranged at the bottom of the inner side wall of the pressure regulator, a fine tailing feeding port (connected with a second discharging port of the cyclone) and a plurality of fine tailing discharging ports (connected with a preset position of an overflow area, and the vertical height of the fine tailing discharging ports is larger than that of the fine tailing feeding port) are formed in the periphery of the pressure regulator. Fine tailings are cached through the overflow weir, the output pressure of the second discharge port is reduced through the gravity difference so as to avoid siphoning, it is guaranteed that the discharge capacity of the sand setting area and the overflow area accounts for 45%-55% of the total discharge capacity, it is guaranteed that the dam body ascends in a balanced mode and is combined with layered interfaces, and the hidden danger of cracking and landslide of the dam body is eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tailings storage technology, specifically to a coarse and fine tailings classification and storage device and method based on centerline dam construction. Background Technology

[0002] Centerline dam construction, a widely used technology in tailings storage projects, offers a core advantage by achieving a balance between dam stability and storage efficiency through layered stacking along the dam's axis. This method is particularly suitable for the construction and operation of large-scale tailings dams. In centerline dam construction, the proper grading and stacking of tailings is crucial in determining the dam's structural strength, seepage stability, and overall safety performance, directly impacting the long-term operational safety and service life of the tailings dam.

[0003] In existing hydrocyclone classification systems, the siphon effect is easily formed during the fine tailings discharge process due to unreasonable design of the pressure and height differences between the hydrocyclone's fine discharge port and the subsequent discharge pipeline. This siphon effect leads to a sudden increase in the discharge volume of fine tailings, disrupting the balance between coarse and fine tailings discharge and causing the discharge ratio between the settling zone and the overflow zone to deviate significantly from the required range. This imbalance not only results in insufficient compaction and reduced bearing capacity in the settling zone below the dam axis, but also causes excessively thick accumulation of fine tailings in the overflow zone above the axis, prolonging the consolidation time. This, in turn, triggers a chain reaction of problems such as uneven dam rise and loose interlayer bonding, increasing the risk of dam cracking and landslides. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a coarse and fine tailings classification and storage device and method based on the centerline dam construction method, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the prior art.

[0005] A coarse and fine tailings classification and storage device based on the centerline dam construction method, the device comprising: A hydrocyclone, whose feed end is connected to a tailings feeding system to receive tailings material according to a set input pressure, and classifies the tailings material into coarse tailings particles and fine tailings particles in the hydrocyclone. The coarse tailings particles are discharged through the first discharge port of the hydrocyclone into the lower part of the dam body constructed based on the centerline method to form a sedimentation zone, and the fine tailings particles are discharged through the second discharge port of the hydrocyclone into the upper part of the dam body constructed based on the centerline method to form an overflow zone. The pressure regulator has a hollow internal structure. An overflow weir is provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the pressure regulator. A fine tailings inlet and several fine tailings outlets are provided on the outer periphery of the pressure regulator above the weir opening, penetrating its inner wall. The fine tailings inlet is connected to the second outlet of the hydrocyclone. The fine tailings outlets are connected to a predetermined position above the overflow zone through a discharge pipe. Each fine tailings outlet is vertically higher than the fine tailings inlet, thereby avoiding the formation of a siphon phenomenon at the second outlet when the hydrocyclone is running, and ensuring that the discharge volume of the settling zone and the overflow zone is 45%-55% of the total discharge volume.

[0006] Optionally, the device further includes a tailings discharge scheduling system that dynamically adjusts the real-time discharge volume of the settling zone and the overflow zone based on the centerline offset of the dam body, the tailings discharge scheduling system comprising: The data monitoring unit includes a first data acquisition module and a second data acquisition module located on opposite sides of the dam body. The first data acquisition module is used to collect coarse tailings accumulation data in a preset monitoring interval within the sedimentation zone in real time, and the second data acquisition module is used to collect fine tailings accumulation data in a preset monitoring interval within the overflow zone in real time. The data processing unit includes a data receiving module, a model generator, a data processing processor, and a data analysis module. The data receiving module receives real-time coarse tailings accumulation data and fine tailings accumulation data uploaded by the data monitoring unit and sends them to the model generator. The model generator generates a dam monitoring model based on the initial dam structure. The dam monitoring model dynamically adjusts the accumulation morphology of the settling zone and overflow zone according to the input coarse and fine tailings accumulation data. The data processing processor calculates the height difference between the accumulation morphology of the settling zone and overflow zone in the dam monitoring model and sends the calculated height difference to the data analysis module to determine whether it is within a preset monitoring range. If it is below the preset monitoring range, a first control command is generated; if it is above the preset monitoring range, a second control command is generated. The scheduling and control unit is connected to the data analysis module and electronic valves installed on the pressure regulator at at least two fine tailings discharge ports arranged vertically, with only one of the multiple electronic valves being open. The scheduling and control unit switches the opening order of the electronic valves sequentially from bottom to top according to the first control command, or sequentially from top to bottom according to the second control command. When the scheduling and control unit switches to the last electronic valve being open, if the data analysis module determines that the currently calculated height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range, the scheduling and control unit controls the alarm to issue a warning signal and maintains the current electronic valve in the open state.

[0007] Optionally, the data processing processor is further configured to calculate the difference between the highest point of the current sedimentation zone and / or overflow zone in the dam monitoring model and its initial measurement height to obtain several dam accumulation heights, and send all the calculated dam accumulation heights to the data analysis module to determine whether they have reached the preset height of the dam. When one of the dam accumulation heights reaches the preset height of the dam, feedback information is generated and sent to the user terminal.

[0008] Optionally, both the first data acquisition module and the second data acquisition module are configured as millimeter-wave radar sensors, and the coarse / fine tailings accumulation data acquired by the millimeter-wave radar sensors include at least the topographic change information of the settling area / overflow area per unit time.

[0009] Optionally, the model generator includes: The data preprocessing submodule cleans and standardizes the received coarse / fine tailings accumulation data; The depositional morphology modeling submodule constructs a dam monitoring model based on the initial structure of the dam body, and inputs the coarse / fine tailings depositional data processed by the data preprocessing submodule into the dam monitoring model to generate the depositional morphology of the sedimentation zone and overflow zone of the dam body. The model dynamic update submodule inputs the coarse / fine tailings accumulation data processed by the data preprocessing submodule into the dam monitoring model at a preset frequency to update the accumulation morphology of the sedimentation zone and overflow zone of the dam in real time.

[0010] Optionally, the data analysis module includes: The threshold management submodule has a built-in monitoring range for the height difference between the sedimentation zone and the overflow zone, which is set based on the dam's safety standards. The height difference comparison submodule receives the height difference calculated by the data processing processor and compares it with the height difference monitoring range built into the threshold management submodule to determine the status of the height difference. The instruction logic generation submodule generates corresponding control instructions based on the comparison results of the height difference comparison submodule: if the height difference is lower than the height difference monitoring range, a first control instruction is generated; if the height difference is higher than the height difference monitoring range, a second control instruction is generated. The anomaly determination submodule receives the electronic valve switching status fed back by the scheduling and control unit, and determines whether to trigger the early warning mechanism based on whether the current height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range. The triggering rule of the early warning mechanism is set as follows: when the electronic valve is switched to the last one and the current height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range, an early warning signal triggering command is generated. The instruction output interface submodule is used to send the first control instruction and the second control instruction generated by the instruction logic generation submodule and the early warning signal trigger instruction generated by the anomaly determination submodule to the scheduling and control unit.

[0011] Optionally, multiple fine tailings feed ports on the pressure regulator are arranged side by side at equal intervals in the vertical direction; and each time the opening position of the electronic valve rises, the output pressure of the second discharge port of the hydrocyclone is reduced by a preset unit amount.

[0012] Optionally, the first data acquisition module and / or the second data acquisition module are mounted on the dam body via a fixed bracket, the fixed bracket comprising: A fixing rod, one end of which is located on the initial axis of the dam body, and the other end of which is provided with a connecting part; An extension rod is detachably mounted on the connecting part at one end and a fixed base is provided at the other end. The fixed base is used to install the first data acquisition module / the second data acquisition module. The extension rod is configured as several interconnected support parts. Each time the dam body rises to a higher level, the previous support part connected to the fixed rod is pre-embedded.

[0013] A method for classifying and storing coarse and fine tailings based on the centerline dam construction is applied to the aforementioned apparatus to achieve the classified storage of coarse and fine tailings. The method includes the following steps: S1. Based on the feeding parameters of the tailings feeding system and the initial structure of the tailings dam, construct several coarse and fine tailings grading and storage devices on the central axis of the dam. S2. The hydrocyclone receives the tailings material input from the tailings feeding system according to the set input pressure, and classifies the tailings material into coarse tailings particles and fine tailings particles in the hydrocyclone. The coarse tailings particles are discharged through the first discharge port of the hydrocyclone into the dam body below the axis of the dam body constructed based on the centerline method to form a sedimentation zone, and the fine tailings particles are discharged through the second discharge port of the hydrocyclone into the dam body above the axis of the dam body constructed based on the centerline method to form an overflow zone. S3. Based on the discharge capacity of the first and second discharge ports of the hydrocyclone in S2, optimize the design height of the fine tailings discharge port of the pressure regulator, thereby avoiding the siphon phenomenon formed at the second discharge port when the hydrocyclone is running, and ensuring that the discharge capacity of the settling zone and the overflow zone is 45%-55% of the total discharge capacity.

[0014] Optionally, in step S3: the real-time discharge volume of the sedimentation zone and the overflow zone is dynamically adjusted based on the centerline offset of the dam body formed in step S2; specifically, this includes the following steps: S301. Real-time acquisition of coarse tailings accumulation data and fine tailings accumulation data in the preset monitoring intervals within the sedimentation zone and overflow zone of the dam body; S302. Based on the initial structure of the dam body, construct a dam body monitoring model, and input the coarse tailings accumulation data and fine tailings accumulation data obtained in S301 into the dam body monitoring model to dynamically adjust the accumulation morphology of the sedimentation zone and the overflow zone. S303. Calculate the height difference between the accumulation patterns of the sedimentation zone and the overflow zone in the dam monitoring model, and dynamically adjust the opening status of the electronic valves at at least two fine tailings discharge ports installed on the pressure regulator in the vertical direction based on whether the currently calculated height difference is within the preset monitoring range. If the current height difference is within the preset monitoring range, the dispatch and control unit will maintain the current open state of the electronic valve; If the current height difference is lower than the preset monitoring range, the dispatch and control unit will switch the opening order of the electronic valves from bottom to top according to the first control command; If the current height difference is higher than the preset monitoring range, the dispatch and control unit will switch the opening order of the electronic valves from top to bottom according to the first control command. When the scheduling and control unit switches to the last electronic valve being open, if the currently calculated height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range, the scheduling and control unit controls the alarm to issue a warning signal and maintains the current electronic valve in the open state.

[0015] The beneficial effects that this invention can produce include: 1. This invention designs an overflow weir in the pressure regulator to buffer fine tailings particles, while simultaneously increasing the height of the fine tailings discharge port to create a gravity difference between it and the second discharge port, thereby reducing the output pressure. This fundamentally prevents siphoning at the second discharge port of the hydrocyclone, achieving a precise balance between coarse and fine tailings discharge, and ensuring that the discharge volume in the settling zone and overflow zone meets the process requirements.

[0016] 2. This invention uses a tailings discharge scheduling system to monitor real-time topographical changes (accumulation height, slope, etc.) in the settling and overflow areas. Based on the monitoring data, it dynamically adjusts the current height of the fine tailings discharge outlet by switching electronic valves in a timely manner, indirectly controlling the discharge volume in the overflow area to meet the mine's circulating water requirements for overflow water volume, while ensuring that the height difference of the graded accumulation in the dam body remains within a safe range. If the height difference still does not meet the standard after switching to the last electronic valve, an alarm will immediately issue a warning, reminding staff to intervene and prevent the risk from escalating.

[0017] 3. This invention ensures synchronous accumulation in the sedimentation zone and overflow zone through material discharge balance and dynamic control, avoiding uneven stress on the dam body caused by excessively rapid accumulation on one side, while ensuring tight bonding between the layers to guarantee balanced dam body rise. Furthermore, by calculating the dam body accumulation height in real time, a signal is sent to the user terminal when the height of a certain area reaches a preset value, prompting the construction of the next-level sub-dam to prevent excessive dam body accumulation from increasing risks.

[0018] 4. This invention uses fixed brackets to securely install the first / second data acquisition modules, ensuring that the extension direction of the brackets is always parallel to the central axis of the dam body. This avoids data distortion caused by sensor misalignment, thereby improving the modeling accuracy of the dam monitoring model and consequently enhancing the accuracy of subsequent discharge coordination and control of the sedimentation zone and overflow zone of the dam body. Simultaneously, the collected sedimentation data is cleaned and standardized, and the dam monitoring model is updated at a preset frequency, ensuring that the dam monitoring model accurately reflects the current state of the dam body and provides an accurate basis for subsequent control. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the coarse and fine tailings classification and storage device based on the centerline dam construction method of the present invention. Figure 2 In this invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the tailings discharge scheduling system of the present invention; Figure 4 In this invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed bracket; In the diagram: 1. Hydrocyclone; 101. First discharge port; 102. Second discharge port; 2. Pressure regulator; 201. Overflow weir; 202. Fine tailings inlet; 203. Fine tailings discharge port; 204. Electronic valve; 3. Discharge pipe; 4. Data monitoring unit; 401. First data acquisition module; 402. Second data acquisition module; 5. Data processing unit; 51. Data receiving module; 52. Model generator; 521. Data preprocessing submodule; 522. Accumulation morphology Modeling submodule, 523, Model dynamic update submodule, 53, Data processing processor, 54, Data analysis module, 541, Threshold management submodule, 542, Height difference comparison submodule, 543, Instruction logic generation submodule, 544, Anomaly judgment submodule, 545, Instruction output interface submodule, 6, Scheduling and control unit, 7, User terminal, 8, Fixed support, 81, Fixed rod, 82, Extension rod, 83, Fixed base, 9, Settling area, 10, Overflow area. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a coarse and fine tailings classification and storage device based on the centerline method for dam construction. The device includes a hydrocyclone 1 and a pressure regulator 2. The feed end of the hydrocyclone 1 is connected to a tailings feeding system to receive tailings material according to a set input pressure. The tailings material is classified in the hydrocyclone 1 to obtain coarse tailings particles and fine tailings particles. The coarse tailings particles are discharged through the first discharge port 101 of the hydrocyclone 1 into the lower part of the dam body constructed based on the centerline method to form a settling zone 9. The fine tailings particles are discharged through the second discharge port 102 of the hydrocyclone 1 into the upper part of the dam body constructed based on the centerline method to form an overflow zone 10. The pressure regulator 2 has a hollow internal structure. An overflow weir 201 is provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the pressure regulator 2. A fine tailings feed port 202 and several fine tailings discharge ports 203 are provided on the outer periphery of the pressure regulator 2 above the weir opening of the overflow weir 201, penetrating its inner wall. The fine tailings feed port 202 is connected to the second discharge port of the hydrocyclone 1. The fine tailings discharge port 203 is connected to the pre-set position above the overflow zone 10 via the discharge pipe 3. Each fine tailings discharge port 203 is vertically higher than the fine tailings inlet 202. The overflow weir 201 buffers the fine tailings particles discharged from the second discharge port 102. By raising the height of the fine tailings discharge port 203, a gravity difference is formed between it and the second discharge port 102 to reduce the output pressure at the fine tailings discharge port 203. This avoids the siphon phenomenon formed at the second discharge port 102 when the hydrocyclone 1 is running, ensuring that the discharge volume of the settling zone 9 and the overflow zone 10 is 45%-55% of the total discharge volume. This ensures that the discharge volume ratio of the settling zone 9 and the overflow zone 10 meets the process requirements, effectively guaranteeing the balanced rising rate of the dam body and the tight bonding of the layered interfaces. This eliminates safety hazards such as dam body cracking and landslides caused by the imbalance of coarse and fine tailings discharge volume.

[0022] Furthermore, such as Figure 2As shown, the device also includes a tailings discharge scheduling system that dynamically adjusts the real-time discharge volume of the settling zone 9 and the overflow zone 10 based on the centerline offset of the dam body. The tailings discharge scheduling system includes a data monitoring unit 4, a data processing unit 5, and a scheduling and control unit 6. The data monitoring unit 4 includes a first data acquisition module 401 and a second data acquisition module 402 located on opposite sides of the dam body. The first data acquisition module 401 is used to collect coarse tailings accumulation data in a preset monitoring interval within the settling zone 9 in real time, and the second data acquisition module 402 is used to collect fine tailings accumulation data in a preset monitoring interval within the overflow zone 10 in real time. The data processing unit 5 includes a data receiving module 51, a model generator 52, a data processing unit 53, and a data analysis module 54. The data receiving module 51 is used to receive the coarse tailings accumulation data and fine tailings accumulation data uploaded in real time by the data monitoring unit 4 and send them to the model generator 52. The model generator 52 generates a dam body monitoring model based on the initial structure of the dam body. The dam body monitoring model dynamically adjusts the settling zone 9 and the overflow zone 10 according to the input coarse tailings accumulation data and fine tailings accumulation data. The data processing processor 53 calculates the height difference between the sedimentation zone 9 and the overflow zone 10 in the dam monitoring model, and sends the calculated height difference to the data analysis module 54 to determine whether it is within the preset monitoring range. If it is below the preset monitoring range, a first control command is generated; if it is above the preset monitoring range, a second control command is generated. The scheduling and control unit 6 is connected to the data analysis module 54 and the electronic valves 204 installed on the pressure regulator 2 at at least two fine tailings discharge ports 203 set vertically. Only one of the multiple electronic valves 204 is in the open state. The scheduling and control unit 6 switches the opening order of the electronic valves 204 from bottom to top according to the first control command, or switches the opening order of the electronic valves 204 from top to bottom according to the second control command. When the scheduling and control unit 6 switches to the last electronic valve 204, if the data analysis module 54 determines that the currently calculated height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range, the scheduling and control unit 6 controls the alarm to issue a warning signal and maintains the current electronic valve 204 in the open state. Therefore, based on the offset of the dam's centerline and in conjunction with the mining process, the opening and closing states of multiple electronic valves 204 are switched in a timely manner to dynamically adjust the output pressure of the pressure regulator 2 to coordinate the discharge volume of the settling zone 9 and the overflow zone 10.Specifically, multiple fine tailings inlets 202 on the pressure regulator 2 are arranged side by side at equal intervals in the vertical direction; and each time the opening position of the electronic valve 204 rises, the output pressure of the second discharge port 102 of the hydrocyclone 1 is reduced by a preset unit amount, so as to reasonably control the discharge volume of the overflow zone 10 according to the water demand (mine circulating water) and the particle size of the molybdenum material obtained in the overflow zone 10; for example, after the tailings are classified for dam construction in the centerline type, the content of tailings particles with d≥0.074mm (200 molybdenum) used for dam construction should not be less than 75%, and the content of tailings particles with d≤0.02mm should not be greater than 10%.

[0023] Furthermore, the data processing processor 53 is also used to calculate the difference between the highest point of the current sedimentation zone 9 and / or overflow zone 10 in the dam monitoring model and its initial measurement height to obtain several dam accumulation heights. All the calculated dam accumulation heights are sent to the data analysis module 54 to determine whether they have reached the preset height of the dam. When one of the dam accumulation heights reaches the preset height of the dam, feedback information is generated and sent to the user terminal 7 to remind the user in a timely manner that the tailings have accumulated within the dam axis elevation range at this stage, and the next level of sub-dam needs to be built before the next level of graded dam construction can be carried out, so as to avoid the risk of excessive accumulation on one side of the dam and achieve safe operation.

[0024] Furthermore, both the first data acquisition module 401 and the second data acquisition module 402 are configured as millimeter-wave radar sensors. The coarse / fine tailings accumulation data acquired by the millimeter-wave radar sensors include at least the topographic change information (accumulation height, slope, etc.) of the settling zone 9 / overflow zone 10 per unit time.

[0025] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the model generator 52 includes a data preprocessing submodule 521, a tailings morphology modeling submodule 522, and a model dynamic update submodule 523. The data preprocessing submodule 521 cleans and standardizes the received coarse / fine tailings accumulation data. The tailings morphology modeling submodule 522 constructs a dam monitoring model based on the initial structure of the dam body, and inputs the coarse / fine tailings accumulation data processed by the data preprocessing submodule 521 into the dam monitoring model to generate the accumulation morphology of the settling zone 9 and overflow zone 10 of the dam body. The model dynamic update submodule 523 inputs the coarse / fine tailings accumulation data processed by the data preprocessing submodule 521 into the dam monitoring model at a preset frequency to update the accumulation morphology of the settling zone 9 and overflow zone 10 of the dam body in real time, ensuring that the dam monitoring model can truly reflect the current state of the dam body and provide an accurate basis for subsequent regulation.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 2As shown, the data analysis module 54 includes a threshold management submodule 541, a height difference comparison submodule 542, an instruction logic generation submodule 543, an anomaly judgment submodule 544, and an instruction output interface submodule 545. The threshold management submodule 541 has a built-in height difference monitoring range between the sedimentation zone 9 and the overflow zone 10, set according to dam safety standards. The height difference comparison submodule 542 receives the height difference calculated by the data processing processor 53 and compares it with the height difference monitoring range built into the threshold management submodule 541 to determine the status of the height difference. The instruction logic generation submodule 543 generates corresponding control instructions based on the comparison result of the height difference comparison submodule 542: if the height difference is lower than the height difference monitoring range, a first control instruction is generated; if the height difference is higher than the height difference monitoring range, a second control instruction is generated; and so on. The normal judgment submodule 544 receives the switching status of the electronic valve 204 from the dispatch and control unit 6, and determines whether to trigger the early warning mechanism based on whether the current height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range. The triggering rule of the early warning mechanism is set as follows: when the electronic valve 204 switches to the last one, and the current height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range, an early warning signal triggering command is generated. The command output interface submodule 545 is used to send the first control command and the second control command generated by the command logic generation submodule 543 and the early warning signal triggering command generated by the abnormal judgment submodule 544 to the dispatch and control unit 6.

[0027] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the first data acquisition module 401 and / or the second data acquisition module 402 are installed on the dam body via a fixed bracket 8. The fixed bracket 8 includes a fixed rod 81 and an extension rod 82. One end of the fixed rod 81 is located on the initial axis of the dam body, and the other end is provided with a connecting part. One end of the extension rod 82 is detachably installed on the connecting part, and the other end is provided with a fixed base 83. The fixed base 83 is used to install the first data acquisition module 401 / second data acquisition module 402. The extension rod 82 is set as several interconnected support parts. Each time the dam body rises one layer, the previous support part connected to the fixed rod 81 is pre-embedded to ensure the installation accuracy of the fixed bracket 8 along the extension direction. This ensures that the extension direction of the connection part between the fixed base 83 and the first data acquisition module 401 / second data acquisition module 402 remains parallel to the central axis of the dam body, avoiding data distortion caused by sensor offset. This improves the modeling accuracy of the dam body monitoring model and, consequently, improves the discharge coordination and control accuracy of the sedimentation zone 9 and overflow zone 10 of the dam body.

[0028] This invention also provides a method for graded storage of coarse and fine tailings based on centerline dam construction. This method is applied in the aforementioned apparatus to achieve graded storage of coarse and fine tailings, and includes the following steps: Step S1: Based on the feeding parameters of the tailings feeding system and the initial structure of the tailings dam, construct several coarse and fine tailings grading and storage devices on the central axis of the dam. Step S2: Hydrocyclone 1 receives tailings from the tailings feeding system according to the set input pressure, and classifies the tailings into coarse tailings particles and fine tailings particles in the hydrocyclone 1. The coarse tailings particles are discharged through the first discharge port 101 of the hydrocyclone 1 into the sedimentation zone 9 below the axis of the dam constructed based on the centerline method, and the fine tailings particles are discharged through the second discharge port 102 of the hydrocyclone 1 into the overflow zone 10 above the axis of the dam constructed based on the centerline method. Step S3: Based on the discharge capacity of the first discharge port 101 and the second discharge port 102 of the hydrocyclone 1 in step S2, optimize the design height of the fine tailings discharge port 203 of the pressure regulator 2, so as to avoid the siphon phenomenon formed at the second discharge port 102 when the hydrocyclone 1 is running, and ensure that the discharge capacity of the settling zone 9 and the overflow zone 10 is 45%-55% of the total discharge capacity.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S3: the real-time discharge of sedimentation zone 9 and overflow zone 10 is dynamically adjusted based on the centerline offset of the dam body formed in step S2; specifically, this includes the following steps: Step S301: Real-time acquisition of coarse tailings accumulation data and fine tailings accumulation data in the preset monitoring intervals within the sedimentation zone 9 and overflow zone 10 of the dam body; Step S302: Construct a dam monitoring model based on the initial structure of the dam body, and input the coarse tailings accumulation data and fine tailings accumulation data obtained in S301 into the dam monitoring model to dynamically adjust the accumulation morphology of the sedimentation zone 9 and the overflow zone 10. Step S303: Calculate the height difference between the sedimentation zone 9 and the overflow zone 10 in the dam monitoring model, and dynamically adjust the opening state of the electronic valves 204 installed on the pressure regulator 2 at least two fine tailings discharge ports 203 in the vertical direction according to whether the currently calculated height difference is within the preset monitoring range. If the current height difference is within the preset monitoring range, the dispatching and control unit 6 maintains the current opening state of the electronic valves 204. If the current height difference is lower than the preset monitoring range, the dispatching and control unit 6 switches the opening order of the electronic valves 204 from bottom to top according to the first control command. If the current height difference is higher than the preset monitoring range, the dispatching and control unit 6 switches the opening order of the electronic valves 204 from top to bottom according to the first control command. When the dispatching and control unit 6 switches to the last electronic valve 204, if the currently calculated height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range, the dispatching and control unit 6 controls the alarm to issue a warning signal and maintains the current electronic valve 204 in the open state.

Claims

1. A device for coarse and fine tailings classification and stockpiling based on the dam construction method of the median line, characterized in that, The device comprises: A cyclone (1) is connected to a tailings feeding system at a feeding end to access tailings at a set input pressure, and classifies the tailings in the cyclone (1) to obtain coarse tailings and fine tailings, the coarse tailings are discharged from a first discharge port (101) of the cyclone (1) to form a sand setting area (9) below the dam axis based on the center line method, and the fine tailings are discharged from a second discharge port (102) of the cyclone (1) to form an overflow area (10) above the dam axis based on the center line method; A pressure regulator (2) has a hollow structure, an overflow weir (201) is arranged at the bottom of the inner side wall of the pressure regulator (2), a fine tailings feeding port (202) and a plurality of fine tailings discharge ports (203) are arranged on the outer periphery of the pressure regulator (2) above the weir opening of the overflow weir (201), the fine tailings feeding port (202) is connected to the second discharge port (102) of the cyclone (1), and the fine tailings discharge ports (203) are connected to the overflow area (10) through a discharge pipeline (3) above the preset position; each fine tailings discharge port (203) is higher than the fine tailings feeding port (202) in the vertical direction, so as to avoid the formation of siphon phenomenon at the second discharge port (102) during the operation of the cyclone (1), and ensure that the discharge capacity of the sand setting area (9) and the overflow area (10) is 45%-55% of the total discharge capacity.

2. The damming based on the median method of thick and thin tailings classified storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further comprises a tailings discharge scheduling system for dynamically adjusting the real-time discharge capacity of the sand setting area (9) and the overflow area (10) based on the center line offset of the dam, and the tailings discharge scheduling system comprises: A data monitoring unit (4) comprises a first data acquisition module (401) and a second data acquisition module (402) located on opposite sides of the dam, the first data acquisition module (401) is used to acquire coarse tailings accumulation data in a preset monitoring interval in the sand setting area (9) in real time, and the second data acquisition module (402) is used to acquire fine tailings accumulation data in a preset monitoring interval in the overflow area (10) in real time. The data processing unit (5) comprises a data receiving module (51), a model generator (52), a data operation processor (53), and a data analysis module (54); the data receiving module (51) is used for receiving coarse tailing accumulation data and fine tailing accumulation data uploaded by the data monitoring unit (4) in real time and sending the data to the model generator (52); the model generator (52) generates a dam monitoring model based on an initial structure of a dam body, and the dam monitoring model dynamically adjusts the accumulation forms of the sand setting area (9) and the overflow area (10) according to the input coarse tailing accumulation data and fine tailing accumulation data; the data operation processor (53) is used for calculating the height difference between the accumulation forms of the sand setting area (9) and the overflow area (10) in the dam monitoring model, and sending the calculated height difference to the data analysis module (54) to determine whether the height difference is within a preset monitoring range; if the height difference is lower than the preset monitoring range, a first control instruction is generated; if the height difference is higher than the preset monitoring range, a second control instruction is generated; The scheduling control unit (6) is connected with the data analysis module (54) and electronic valves (204) arranged at at least two fine tailing discharge ports (203) of the pressure regulator (2) in the vertical direction, and only one of the electronic valves (204) is in an open state; the scheduling control unit (6) switches the opening sequence of the electronic valves (204) from bottom to top according to the first control instruction, or switches the opening sequence of the electronic valves (204) from top to bottom according to the second control instruction; when the scheduling control unit (6) switches to the opening of the last electronic valve (204), if the data analysis module (54) determines that the currently calculated height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range, the scheduling control unit (6) controls an alarm to send a warning signal and maintains the current electronic valve (204) in the open state.

3. The damming based on the median method of thick and thin tailings classified storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data operation processor (53) is further used for calculating the difference between the highest point of the current sand setting area (9) and / or overflow area (10) in the dam monitoring model and the initial measurement height to obtain a plurality of dam accumulation heights, and sending all the calculated dam accumulation heights to the data analysis module (54) to determine whether the dam accumulation heights reach a preset height of the dam; when one of the dam accumulation heights reaches the preset height of the dam, feedback information is generated and sent to the user terminal (7).

4. The dam construction based on the center line method for thick and thin tailings classified storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first data acquisition module (401) and the second data acquisition module (402) are both set as millimeter wave radar sensors, and the coarse / fine tailing accumulation data collected by the millimeter wave radar sensors at least includes topographic change information of the sand setting area (9) / overflow area (10) in a unit time.

5. The dam construction based on the center line method for thick and thin tailings classified storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The model generator (52) comprises: A data preprocessing submodule (521) is used for cleaning and standardizing the received coarse / fine tailing accumulation data; The accumulation form modeling submodule (522) constructs a dam monitoring model based on a dam initial structure, and inputs coarse / fine tailings accumulation data processed by the data preprocessing submodule (521) into the dam monitoring model to generate the accumulation form of the sand settling zone (9) and the overflow zone (10) of the dam. The model dynamic updating submodule (523) inputs the coarse / fine tailings accumulation data processed by the data preprocessing submodule (521) into the dam monitoring model at a preset frequency to update the accumulation form of the sand settling zone (9) and the overflow zone (10) of the dam in real time.

6. The damming based on the median method of thick and thin tailings classified storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data analysis module (54) comprises: The threshold management submodule (541) has a height difference monitoring range between the sand settling zone (9) and the overflow zone (10) set based on dam safety standards; The height difference comparison submodule (542) receives the height difference calculated by the data operation processor (53) and compares it with the height difference monitoring range built in the threshold management submodule (541) to determine the state of the height difference; The instruction logic generation submodule (543) generates corresponding control instructions according to the comparison result of the height difference comparison submodule (542): if the height difference is below the height difference monitoring range, a first control instruction is generated; if the height difference is above the height difference monitoring range, a second control instruction is generated; The abnormality determination submodule (544) receives the switching state of the electronic valve (204) fed back by the scheduling control unit (6), and determines whether to trigger the early warning mechanism in combination with whether the current height difference is still within the preset monitoring range; the triggering rule of the early warning mechanism is set as: when the electronic valve (204) is switched to the last one and the current height difference is still not within the preset monitoring range, a pre-warning signal triggering instruction is generated; The instruction output interface submodule (545) is used to send the first control instruction and the second control instruction generated by the instruction logic generation submodule (543) and the pre-warning signal triggering instruction generated by the abnormality determination submodule (544) to the scheduling control unit (6).

7. The dam construction based on the center line method for thick and thin tailings classified storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of fine tailings inlets (202) on the pressure regulator (2) are arranged equidistantly side by side in the vertical direction; and each time the opening position of the electronic valve (204) is raised, the output pressure of the second discharge port (102) of the cyclone (1) is lowered by a preset unit amount.

8. The dam construction based on the center line method for thick and thin tailings classified storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first data acquisition module (401) and / or the second data acquisition module (402) are installed on the dam through a fixed support (8), and the fixed support (8) comprises: A fixed rod (81) has one end arranged on the initial axis of the dam and the other end provided with a connecting portion; An extension rod (82) is detachably mounted on the connecting part at one end, and is provided with a fixed base (83) at the other end, the fixed base (83) is used for mounting the first data acquisition module (401) / the second data acquisition module (402), the extension rod (82) is provided as a plurality of support sections connected with each other, and each time the dam body rises one layer, the previous section of the support section connected with the fixed rod (81) is pre-buried.

9. A method for coarse and fine tailings classified stockpiling based on the centerline method, applied in the device of any one of claims 1-8 to achieve coarse and fine tailings classified stockpiling, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, according to the feeding parameters of the tailing feeding system and the initial structure of the tailing pond, a plurality of coarse and fine tailing grading and stacking devices are erected on the central axis of the dam body; S2, the cyclone (1) is connected to the tailing material input by the tailing feeding system according to the set input pressure, and the tailing material is graded in the cyclone (1) to obtain coarse tailing particles and fine tailing particles, the coarse tailing particles are discharged from the first discharge port (101) of the cyclone (1) to form a sand setting area (9) below the central axis of the dam body constructed based on the central line method, and the fine tailing particles are discharged from the second discharge port (102) of the cyclone (1) to form an overflow area (10) above the central axis of the dam body constructed based on the central line method; S3, the design height of the fine tailing discharge port (203) of the pressure regulator (2) is optimized based on the discharge capacity of the first discharge port (101) and the second discharge port (102) of the cyclone (1) in S2, so as to avoid the formation of siphon phenomenon at the second discharge port (102) during the operation of the cyclone (1), and ensure that the discharge capacity of the sand setting area (9) and the overflow area (10) is 45%-55% of the total discharge capacity.

10. The dam construction method based on the center line method for the coarse and fine tailings classified storage method according to claim 9, characterized by, In S3, the real-time discharge capacity of the sand setting area (9) and the overflow area (10) is dynamically adjusted based on the center line offset of the dam body formed by the stacking in S2; specifically comprising the following steps: S301, real-time acquisition of coarse tailing accumulation data and fine tailing accumulation data in the preset monitoring interval in the sand setting area (9) and the overflow area (10) of the dam body; S302, a dam monitoring model is constructed based on the initial structure of the dam body, and the coarse tailing accumulation data and the fine tailing accumulation data obtained in S301 are input into the dam monitoring model to dynamically adjust the accumulation form of the sand setting area (9) and the overflow area (10); S303, the height difference between the accumulation forms of the sand setting area (9) and the overflow area (10) in the dam monitoring model is calculated, and the opening state of the electronic valve (204) installed at the fine tailing discharge port (203) arranged in the vertical direction of the pressure regulator (2) is dynamically adjusted according to whether the current calculated height difference is within the preset monitoring range; If the current height difference is within the preset monitoring range, the dispatching and control unit (6) maintains the opening state of the current electronic valve (204); If the current height difference is lower than the preset monitoring range, the dispatching and control unit (6) switches the opening sequence of the electronic valve (204) from bottom to top according to the first control instruction; If the current height difference is higher than the preset monitoring range, the dispatching and control unit (6) switches the opening sequence of the electronic valve (204) from top to bottom according to the first control instruction; When the scheduling control unit (6) switches to the last electronic valve (204) being opened, if the height difference currently calculated is still not within the preset monitoring range, the scheduling control unit (6) controls the alarm to issue a warning signal and maintains the current electronic valve (204) in an open state.

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